中考英语专项复习导学案主谓一致导学案 4页

中考英语专项复习导学案---主谓一致 1. Teaching aims：‎ Grasp the important points Let students know about nouns and the usage of nouns ‎2.Important points: ‎ ‎ 1. 语法一致的原则 ‎2. 意义一致的原则 ‎3. 就近一致的原则 ‎3. Teaching steps:‎ A. Revision B. Presentation Task1: 谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓 一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。‎ ‎1. 语法一致的原则 ‎（1）以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：‎ He goes to school early every morning.‎ The children are playing outside.‎ To work hard ___ necessary for a student.(be)‎ ‎（2）由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：‎ Both he and I right.(be)‎ Mr Black and Mrs Black a son called Tom.(have)‎ 但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用 。例如：‎ His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.‎ ‎ The poet and writer has come.‎ ‎ （3）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：‎ ‎ In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.‎ ‎ Each man and each woman is asked to help.‎ ‎（4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：‎ The teacher with his students going to visit the museum.(be)‎ Nobody but two boys was late for class.‎ ‎（5） 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。Maths, physics, news 做主语时，谓语动词用单数例如：‎ A lot of people are dancing outside. Math is hard to me The police are looking for lost boy. No news is good news.‎ ‎ （6）由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词都用 。例如：‎ ‎ Is everybody ready?‎ ‎ Somebody is using the phone.‎ ‎ （7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：‎ ‎ Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.‎ ‎ Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.‎ ‎ 如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：‎ ‎ Here are some new pairs of shoes.‎ ‎ My new pair of socks is on the bed.‎ ‎2. 意义一致的原则 ‎（1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：‎ Twenty years is not a long time.‎ Ten dollars is too dear.‎ ‎（2）有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：‎ My family is big one.‎ My family are watching TV.‎ ‎（3）不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：‎ All of the work has been finished.‎ All of the people have gone.‎ ‎ （4）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.‎ ‎ Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.‎ ‎（5）a number of + n.复数 做主语意为许多，很多谓语动词用复数，而 the number of +n复数 作主语意为 …..…. 的数量，谓语动词用单数。‎ A number of students in my class (be )from Englih.The number of students 43 (be)‎ ‎（6）凡是以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：‎ ‎ The sick have found..‎ ‎ The dead is a famous person.‎ ‎3. 邻近一致的原则 ‎（1）由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：‎ Either you or I am right.‎ Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.‎ ‎（2）在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 ‎ ‎　　 There are two apples and one egg in it. There is a book and twn shoes under the bed.‎ ‎　　（3）as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 ‎ ‎　　 He as well as I is responsible for it. ‎ ‎　　 不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。‎ ‎ （4）以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。‎ ‎ Here is a letter and some books for you.‎ ‎4.当堂训练 ‎1.用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎1. _____ (be) everything OK?‎ ‎2. Nobody _______ (know) the answer to the question.‎ ‎3. Ten divided by two _______ (be) five.‎ ‎4. Most of the drinking water ______ (be) from the Black River.‎ ‎5. Not only she but also I _______ (do) morning exercises every day.‎ ‎6. Either you or she _____ (have) made a wrong decision.‎ ‎7. The family _____(be) spending the weekend together.‎ ‎8. Bread and butter ______ (be) her daily breakfast.‎ ‎9. The police _____ (be) trying to catch the thief.‎ ‎10. The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.‎ ‎【中考演练】‎ 直击中考 ‎1.Linda, with her parents,__ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon.‎ ‎ A. has gone to B. have gone to ‎ C. has been to D. have been to ‎2. Each of the girls here __________ to the West‎ ‎Lake twice.‎ ‎ A. have gone B. have been C. has gone D. has been ‎3. There _ going to be a basketball match this afternoon.‎ A. are B. is C. have D. will ‎4.— He, together with his parents ___going to visit Shanghai in July. How about you?‎ ‎— I'm afraid I have to stay at home _ _.‎ A. are; on my own B. is, by myself C. is; by my own D. are; on myself ‎5.There a football match on CCTV-5 at nine tomorrow evening.‎ A. will have B. is going to be C. is having ‎ ‎6.The number fo teachers in our school _______ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school ______ from the countryside.‎ ‎ A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is ‎7. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I good at drawing.‎ A. is B. am C. are ‎ ‎8. －How much is the pair of shoes?‎ ‎ －Twenty dollars ____ enough.‎ A. is B. are C. am ‎ ‎9. One of my friends _______moved to America. I miss her so much.‎ ‎ A. has B. have C. is D. are ‎ ‎10. —Which would you like, tea or coffee?‎ ‎—Either ________ OK, but I prefer coffee _______milk.‎ A. is; with B. is; to C. are; with D. are; to ‎11. Neither my father nor my mother ____ rock music. They think that it’s too ______.‎ ‎ A. like; noise B. likes; noise C. like; noisy D. likes; noisy ‎12.—Do you like your new T–shirt?‎ ‎—Yes. Not only I but also my mother ___________ it.‎ A. likes B. like C. doesn’t like ‎13. - What can you see in the picture?‎ ‎ - I can see a farm. And there ______ a lot animals on it.‎ A. is B. are C. will be D. be ‎14. The head teacher with his students _______Teanchengshan Park if it _______tomorrow.‎ A. is going to; isn’t rainy B. are going to; isn’t rainy C. is going to; won’t rain D. are going to; doesn’t rain ‎15. —David, there _____ a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.‎ ‎—OK. Mum. I’ll do it right away.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. has D. have ‎6.Homework ‎1.Finish the exercise book.‎ ‎2.Recite the rules of the language points.‎