高考英语 图表作文讲解与训练复习 4页

图表类作文写作指导 纵观近年来全国各地的高考试题及模拟试题，图表类作文是写作部分的常见题型之一，体裁多为议论文和说明文。议论文通常要求考生通过分析图表中的数据，就图表中所反映的问题阐述自己的观点，并得出自己的结论（如04年北京卷及06年湖北卷）；说明类作文要求考生通过图表所列举的变化对比及产品介绍等，对图表进行描述（如04年浙江卷）。‎ 一．写作步骤：‎ ‎1.仔细阅读图表，了解图表所达的内容。首先，用一句话概括图标的内容；其次，仔细描写图表。在限制性写作中，图表的描述应当详细些；而对于半开放式作文，应抓住图标所反映的规律以及趋势进行阐述即可。‎ ‎2. 描写图表所反映的问题或规律 ‎  这一部分可以遵循这样的格式：主题句+扩展句+（结尾句）‎ ‎  (1)所谓主题句：就是一个段落的中心思想句（往往位于句首，英语写作讲究开门见山）。‎ ‎  (2)所谓扩展句：就是支持论证主题句的句子。考生通常采用的是说理论证、举例说明，如for example/instance; first, second; firstly, secondly;等。‎ ‎ (3)所谓结尾句：就是来总结陈述主题句的句子。（视情况而定，也可以不写）‎ ‎3. 如果是限制性写作，结尾部分简单得出结论即可。对于半开放式作文，应该表述自己的观点，结束全文。‎ ‎  (1)如果图表反映的是好的现象，首先要肯定、发表观点最后预测未来；‎ ‎ (2)如果图表反映的是不好的现象，首先要否定、提出解决办法或建议 二．写作实用表达：‎ ‎（一）点明主题 常用的词有：1.table, chart, figure, graph, 2.describe, show, represent等等。‎ ‎（二）分析差异 描写变化及总趋势特征、分析差异：数据说明常用套语:‎ 在描写变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由。‎ ‎1.There was a great /slight increase /rise in…‎ ‎2.The number /rate has nearly doubled, compared with that of last year.‎ ‎3.The number is …times as much as that of….‎ 原因说明常用套语: ‎ ‎1.The reason for…is that…‎ ‎2.The change results from the fact that…‎ ‎3.There are several causes for this significant growth in…. First,….Second,…‎ 常用词汇：‎ ‎1.Firstly/ First of all/ To begin with, .... ‎ ‎2.Secondly, .... Besides/ In addition/ Furthermore/ Moreover,... ‎ ‎3.Finally/ Last but not least/, .... ‎ ‎4.This is because …. The reason for …. is that…. That is why ….‎ 结尾常用套语 ‎ ‎1. in my opinion/ Personally/ as far as I’m concerned/ in short/ in brief/ in a word/ in conclusion ‎ 4‎ 用心 爱心 专心 ‎2. It’s clear/evident from the chart that… / We can draw the conclusion that… ‎ ‎3. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that… ‎ ‎4. Obviously, if we want to…,it is necessary…/ ‎ ‎ There is no doubt that attention must be paid… ‎ 三．典型例题:‎ ‎1.（07年山东省潍坊市高三一试题）下表是对某中学高三一班50个学生健康问题的调查表。请根据表格内容，综述学生当前存在的健康问题，并就中学生如何保持身心健康提出自己的建议。‎ 问题类型 学习焦虑 逆反心理 缺乏交往 睡眠不足 缺乏锻炼 视力不佳 人数 ‎35‎ ‎20‎ ‎15‎ ‎40‎ ‎25‎ ‎35‎ 比例 ‎70％‎ ‎40％‎ ‎30％‎ ‎80％‎ ‎50％‎ ‎70％‎ ‎ 词数要求: 120-150‎ One possible version :‎ ‎_____________________(正如上文所示), many middle school students have problems both physically and mentally, with 70% of students having learning anxieties as well as bad eyesight, and a larger percentage lacking sleep. Coming next is the lack of physical exercise. 40% of the students surveyed won't obey their parents or teachers. Still fewer claimed not to have enough communication with others.‎ ‎ So far as 1 am concerned, we students should __________________________(平衡锻炼和学习). Just like a saying goes:" All work but no play makes Jack a dull boy," without a sound body one cannot achieve anything; however, too much attention has been paid only to studies. Therefore, I suggest we be given less homework and more time for out-of--classroom activities to solve all the problems. _______________________________________(只有这样我们才能过健康的生活).‎ ‎2.请根据图表所示，就某城市空气污染的状况写一篇英文报道，并提出一两条改进建议。‎ 注意：1)词数100左右。首句已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎2)参考词汇：车辆vehicle。‎ With the development of industry，air pollution is getting more and more serious.___________________‎ With the development of industry，air pollution is getting more and more serious.In this city，many people suffer from different kinds of illness because of air pollution.‎ ‎____________________________‎ 4‎ 用心 爱心 专心 ‎(空气污染是由如下原因造成的)._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ We should take some measures to fight against pollution.New fuel can be used to take the place of gas.We can plant more trees，grass and flowers.All in all，if everybody realizes the importance of environment and does something to stop pollution，the problem will be solved.‎ ‎3.受某英文报的委托，你最近对高中生的英语阅读兴趣做了一次调查。请根据以下信息，用英语为该报写一篇100词左右的短文。短文的标题及首句已为你写好。‎ • 调查内容：在新闻、故事、科普、学习方法四种英文文章中，学生最喜欢哪一种 • 调查范围：湖北省的10所中学 • 调查对象：高中生 • 调查人数：1000‎ • 调查方式：访谈 调查结果：（见图）‎ • ‎ Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students ‎ Recently, a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of ‎ senior middle school students_______________________________‎ Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students ‎ Recently, a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students. In this survey, one thousand senior middle school students from ten schools in Hubei Province were interviewed.They were asked which they liked reading most among the four categories of English articles, news, tories, popular science articles and articles about learning methods.‎ ‎ The survey shows that more than half of the students like to read news most. Twenty- sixp ercent of the students say that English stories are their favorite. Only seven percent of the students are most interested in reading articles about learning methods. However,the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading articles about learning methods.‎ 4‎ 用心 爱心 专心 ‎4.请根据下列图表及文字说明用英语写一篇短文，内容应包括 高中生零花钱的主要来源、比例、差异及原因，并发表自己的观 点和看法。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 要求：1)120-150词；‎ ‎ 2)可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯。‎ Pocket Money Sources for High School Students ‎ The pocket money sources for the American and Chinese high students come almost the same way: money from their parents, income from part-time jobs and scholarships they can get, but the percentage of each is quite different. Half of the American students’ pocket money is from their parents, 35% from part-time jobs and 15% from scholarships, while the Chinese students get 90% of their pocket money from their parents and only 10% from part-time jobs and scholarships.‎ ‎ It seems that there are two reasons for this difference. One is that the American students have more opportunities to do part-time jobs or get scholarships than the Chinese students. The other is that the American students depends less on their parents than the Chinese students.‎ ‎ As far as I am concerned, _______________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________‎ 牛刀小试：学案189页 4‎ 用心 爱心 专心