高考英语形容词副词教师版 10页

‎ 高考形容词和副词 基础过关 ‎ 形容词 一． 概念：‎ ‎ 形容词是用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。‎ 二． 形容词在句中充当什么成分：‎ ‎ 通常作定语，表语，主补，宾补和状语。‎ 1. ‎ 做定语 ‎ 一般放在所修饰词的前面 ‎ ‎ an interesting film good idea ‎ 形容词修饰不定代词Some-, any-, no-, every-, 时，形容词一般要后置，做后置定语： ‎ ‎ everybody clever something important ‎ I have _______________(一些重要的事情）to tell you 2． 做表语 ‎ ‎ eg. Impossible is nothing.没有不可能。 ‎ ‎ 注:‎ ‎ (1) 一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。‎ ‎　　 常见系动词有：be ‎ ‎　　 变化系词： become, get ,turn, grow, go ‎　　 保持系词： keep ,remain, stay ‎ 感观系词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.‎ ‎ (2) ‎ ‎ ①某些以a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。‎ ‎　　 afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive ‎　　 ②某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语 ‎　　 well, ill faint ‎ 3. 做补足语。‎ ‎ eg. We consider the plan workable. 我们认为该计划可行。‎ ‎ 4.做状语 ‎ 表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。‎ ‎　　 Eg. 1）He went to bed , cold and hungry. ‎ ‎ 2） Knowing the truth, the boss stood there, speechless. ‎ ‎ 得知真相后，老板无言以对。 ‎ ‎（speechless为状语，注意形容词作状语，通常用于固定句式，该形容词并非修饰谓语 ‎ 动词，而是说明前面名词的性质或状态)。‎ 例:‎ When it was his turn to deliver his speech，________，he walked towards the microphone. A．nervously and A.embarrassingly B．nervous and embarrassedly ‎ C．nervously and embarrassing D．nervous and embarrassed ‎ 解析： ‎ 该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语，但也可作状语。如：He lay in bed，awake.再如：Her husband came back，drunk. 答案： D ‎ ‎　　‎ 三． 形容词的比较级和最高级变化规则 ‎ 规则变化 ‎ 1. 一般情况 加er, est smaller,smallest ‎ ‎ 2. 以e 结尾 加r,st larger,largest ‎ ‎ 3. 以"辅音字母+y "结尾的词 改y为i，再加er,est busier,busiest ‎ ‎ 4. 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾辅音字母，加er,est fatter,fattest ‎ ‎ 5.多数双音节和多音节的词 加more most more beautiful,　　most important 不变化规则 ‎ ‎ 原级 比较级 最高级 ‎ ‎ good ,well better best ‎ ‎ bad, ill, badly worse worst ‎ ‎ many ,much more most ‎ ‎ little less least ‎ ‎ far farther, further farthest,further ‎ ‎ old older, elder oldest, eldest ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎　 例：改错 ‎ 1.Farther explanation is unnecessary ‎ 2. Airplanes can fly further and faster than the fastest bird.‎ ‎ ‎ 四．具体用法:‎ 1. 原级的用法 ‎ 1) as 原形 as 　　A与B一样……‎ ‎ eg. The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.　‎ ‎ He has not as much money as his friend. ‎ ‎ 2) not as(so) 原形 as 　　A与B不一样……‎ ‎ eg. She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister. ‎ ‎ The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine. 这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。‎ 注意 ‎ 貌似同级比较结构的一些习惯用语 ‎①as far as词汇意义：“和…一样远；一直到…”。引申义表程度或范围，作连接词引导 从句，表“尽…；就…”。‎ ‎②as long as词汇意义：“和…一样长”。引申义为“只要…”，引导条件状语从句，相当于 only if。‎ ‎③as well as词汇意义：“和…一样好”，可作并列连词，意思是“和；以及”。句尾用as well, 作“也”讲。‎ ‎④as soon as词汇意义：“尽快”，引申义为“一…就”，作连词引导时间状语从句，相当 于the moment (when)。‎ 1. 比较级的用法 ‎ 1) 比较级+ than ‎ ‎ eg. Health is more important than wealth. ‎ ‎ 2) 比较级+比较级 “越来越…”‎ ‎ higher and higher ‎ ‎ more and more important ‎ ‎ 3) the +比较级，the+比较级　“越…，越…”‎ ‎ eg. The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'll be able to leave. ‎ ‎ 4) the +比较级+of the two　　“两者中较… 的一个 ”‎ ‎ The taller of the two boys is my brother. 两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。‎ ‎ 5) 否定+比较级 表示最高级 “最…不过” ‎ ‎ eg. His work couldn't be worse.　　 ‎ ‎ How beautifully she sings！I have never heard a better voice.‎ ‎ —Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting? —你对他在会议上说的满意吗？ ‎ ‎ —No.It couldn’t have been worse. ——不，不能再差了。‎ ‎ 6）比较级＋than any other＋名词单数、‎ 比较级＋than any of the other＋名词复数、‎ 比较级＋than anyone else等。‎ 补充：‎ senior(年长的，高级的)，‎ junior(年幼的，初级的)， 等词与to连用，表示比较级。‎ superior(优越的)，‎ inferior(下等的，低劣的)‎ ‎ eg. He is three years senior to me. ‎ ‎ He is three years older than me.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 3. 最高级的用法 ‎ 1） the +最高级+of/in+比较范围　　（…之中最…） ‎ ‎ Of all things in the world, people are the precious. ‎ ‎ 2）　the +序数词+最高级 四．比较级结构的修饰语 ‎　　1．用于原级之前：‎ ‎　　almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.‎ ‎　　 eg. John is almost as tall as you.‎ ‎　　 The river is three times as long as that one.‎ ‎　　 We have a third as many students as we had last term.‎ ‎　　2．用于比较级前 a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.‎ ‎　 eg. The students study even harder than before. 学生们学习比以前更努力了。 ‎ ‎ A car runs a great deal faster than a bike. 汽车比自行车跑得快得多。‎ ‎ It's cold this year, but it's even colder last year.‎ ‎　 　We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.‎ ‎　　3．用于形容词和最高级前 ‎　　the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/second ‎　　 eg. This hat is by far the largest in the world.‎ ‎ Gold is the very most valuable of all materials . ‎ ‎ The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. ‎ ‎ 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。‎ ‎ I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera. 我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。‎ 五． 形容词的构成 ‎1. 本身为形容词nice, red, glad ‎2. 形容词后缀 ‎ -able, -ful, -less, -ous, -al, -ent, -en, -some ‎ 名词+y 结尾的形容词 ‎3. ly 结尾的形容词 ‎ friendly, timely, lovely, deadly, daily, weekly, yearly ‎ deadly, costly, likely, lively(, lovely。‎ 4. 复合形容词 warm-hearted, good-tempered, easy-going, duty-free 六． 顺序 ‎　　在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。‎ ‎　　"县官行令杀国才。"这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：‎ ‎　　限（冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）‎ ‎ a small round table ‎ a tall gray building This a pretty small round old brown Chinese wooden writing desk 补充：‎ can not/never 与enough 或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越……越好。 ‎ ‎—I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down. ‎ ‎——我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了 ‎ —You can never be too careful in the street. — —在大街上你越仔细越好。 ‎ 考点解析 ‎ 考点一：词义辨析 ‎1. 【2012山东卷】33. Be _______ — you can’t expect me to finish all this work in so little time. ‎ ‎ A. reasonable B. confident C. creative D. grateful ‎ ‎2. 【2012安徽卷】23. Interest is as to learning as the ability to understand , even more so. ‎ ‎ A. vital B. available C. specific D. Similar ‎ ‎3.【2011浙江卷,16】My schedule is very ______right now, but I’ll try to fit you in. ‎ A. tight B. short C. regular D. flexible ‎ ‎1. 【答案】A ‎ ‎2. 【答案】A 【解析】Be vital to 表示：对.....极端重要 ‎3. 【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. Defeat is _______ ．You lose one or two games and you stop believing you can win． ‎ ‎ A．physical B．political C．psychological D．beneficial ‎ ‎2. ---- May I check in now? ‎ ‎ ---- Sorry, sir! But there’s not any room ______ in our hotel. ‎ ‎ A. useful B. convenient C. flexible D. available ‎ ‎3. Nowadays, there is a ______ increase in children’s creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents. ‎ A. sharp B．slight C．natural D．modest ‎ ‎4. Millions of young people are so ________ about the so-called “Singles Day” that even websites like Taobao have special sales on November 11. ‎ A. particular B. positive C. enthusiastic D. cautious ‎ ‎5. The shop owner promised me that he would inform me as soon as the product became . A．approachable B．affordable C．available D．accessible ‎ ‎6. ---Will you be ________ this afternoon, Samuel? ‎ ‎ ---It depends. I’m afraid I’ll watch NBA. ‎ ‎ A. suitable B. accessible C. convenient D. available ‎ 考点二：倍数表达法 ‎ 表示倍数的句型： ‎ (1) A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B ‎(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B ‎(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋of＋B ‎ (4) A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B ‎ (5) A is＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句 ‎ ‎①This building is three times higher than that one. ‎ This building is three times as high as that one. ‎ This building is three times the height of that one. 这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。 ‎ ‎②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2012. ‎ ‎＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 20012. 今年的产量是2012年的三倍。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1 My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice_ _______expensive. ‎ ‎ A．as B．so C．too D．very ‎ 解析： 答案： A ‎ 2． Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost________his. ‎ A． as much twice as B．twice as much as ‎ C．much as twice as D．as twice much as ‎ 解析：答案： B ‎3. When you study the local map，you’ll find this town is________. ‎ A． twice the size of that one B．twice as a large town as that ‎ C．twice as larger as that one D．twice as larger a town as that ‎ ‎ 解析：答案： A ‎ 考点三、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级基本用法 ‎ ‎1. —Do you think that the 11th Chinese National Games were a success? ‎ ‎ —Yes，________！It couldn’t be ________. ‎ A． relatively；better B．approximately；worse ‎ C．absolutely；better D．fortunately；worse ‎ ‎2. Of the two cameras，I would prefer ________one，which is very easy for me to carry. ‎ ‎ A．a smaller B．the smallest C．a small D．the smaller ‎ ‎3. ________，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. ‎ A． Shy and cautious B．Sensitive and thoughtful ‎ C．Honest and confident D．Lighthearted and optimistic ‎ ‎4.【2011四川卷,12】——How are your recent trip to Sichuan? ‎ ‎ ——I’ve never had one before. ‎ A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant ‎ ‎5. —Was the play nice?‎ ‎ —Yes. As a matter of fact, I have never seen a _____one.‎ A. Bad B. Good C. Worse D. better ‎1.C 2. D 3. D 4B 5B ‎ ‎ 考点四：‎ ‎1. so…that such…that ‎2.拓展：‎ ‎“as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as”表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。 ‎ ‎ It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. ‎ 例：‎ 1. Believe it or not，swimming is________as any to lose unwanted weight.‎ ‎ A．a way as good B．as a good way C．as a way good D．as good a way ‎ 解析： ‎ 考查固定短语。as...as表示“和……一样”，固定表达方式有“as＋adj./adv.＋as”“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as”等。 答案： D ‎ ‎ 副词 ‎ ‎1．副词的主要分类 ‎ 时间副词：now, then, early, late, lately, recently 地点副词：there，here，below，above 频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never 方式副词：well，slowly，hard，badly 程度副词：still, even, very, rather，much，hardly, quite 疑问副词：how，when，where, why 连接副词：when，where，why，whether 关系副词：when, where，why 其他副词：also，not, only，too ‎2. 副词的语法功能 ‎ 副词在句中可作状语、表语、宾语补足语和后置定语。‎ ‎（1）作状语，修饰形容词、动词、介词短语和副词，也可修饰整个句子。‎ ‎ I can run very fast.我跑得非常快。 ‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎ 1. 有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though，(ever)since，in case等 ‎ ‎ He is old.He works hard，though. ‎ ‎ ＝Though he is old，he works hard. 虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。‎ ‎ 2. 有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。 如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等 ‎ ‎ Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. ‎ ‎ 幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。‎ ‎（2）其它 ‎ 作表语，在系动词后。‎ ‎ Class is over.下课了。‎ ‎ Time is up.时间到。‎ ‎ 作定语，放在被修饰词之后。‎ ‎ Do you know the girl upstairs? 你认识楼上的女孩吗？‎ ‎ Soon you will be acquainted with the people around. 不久你就会熟悉这附近的人。‎ ‎ Are you content with the life here? 你对这儿的生活满意吗？‎ ‎ Have you thought of the way out? 你有没有考虑这一出路？‎ ‎ 作补语 ‎ We were shown around by the young man．‎ ‎ Let him in/out. I’ll see you off at the station.‎ ‎ 作介词宾语 ‎ It's a long way from here to your school.‎ ‎ He has lived here since then.‎ ‎3. 同根副词的区别 ‎ 有些副词有两种形式，一种与形容词同形，另一种是形容词加后缀-ly构成，这两种副词有时意义相近，但有时含义完全不同，使用时应该注意。‎ ‎1）high和highly ‎ high的意思是“高”，表示空间高度；‎ highly的意思是“高度地；非常地”，表示程度。‎ ‎ The bird is flying high up in the sky. 鸟在空中高高地飞。‎ ‎ We spoke highly of her.我们高度赞扬了她。‎ ‎2）wide和widely ‎ wide表示空间宽度，意为“充分地；大大地”, ‎ widely表示范围，意为“广泛地”。‎ ‎ She opened the door ______. 她把门完全打开。‎ ‎ English is______ used. 英语广泛地被应用。‎ ‎3）deep和deeply ‎ deep的意思是“深”,表示空间深度，‎ deeply时常表示感情，意为“深深地”。‎ He went on studying deep into the night. 他继续学习直到深夜。‎ This touched her heart______. 这深深打动了她的心。‎ ‎4）close和closely    ‎ close的意思是“靠近”；‎ closely的意思则是“仔细地；密切地”。‎ ‎ They live______to the museum. 他们住在靠近博物馆的地方。‎ ‎ We are ______ watching the developments.我们正密切注视情况的发展。‎ ‎5） direct和directly ‎ direct作副词用往往用于表示时间、路程和方式等概念中，表示“直接地；直达地”；‎ directly多用于借喻，表示“坦率地；截然”，有时还可用来表示“立即，马上”的意思。‎ The plane goes ______from London to Houston without stopping.‎ 飞机由伦敦直达休斯敦，中途不停。‎ His view is ______ opposed to mine.  他的观点与我的截然相反。‎ ‎6）late和lately ‎ late的意思是“晚”，‎ lately意思是“最近”。‎ ‎ Many people sleep ______ on Sunday morning.许多人在星期天早晨睡懒觉。‎ ‎ What have you been doing______? 最近你在干什么？‎ ‎7）near和nearly ‎ near的意思是“在附近”，‎ nearly的意思是 “几乎”。‎ ‎ My aunt lives quite ______. 我姑姑住得相当近。‎ ‎ The boy ______ fell into the river.那男孩险些跌人河中。‎ ‎8）free和freely ‎ free是“免费”；‎ freely是“自由地，随意地”。‎ You can eat free in my restaurant. 你可以在我的餐馆免费用餐。‎ You may speak freely.你可以直言。‎ ‎9）hard和hardly ‎ hard是“努力地”，‎ hardly是“几乎不”。‎ ‎ I have been working hard all morning.我辛辛苦苦地干了一上午活。‎ ‎ We can hardly believe it.我们简直不能相信。‎ ‎10）most 和mostly ‎ most是“最，非常”，‎ mostly是“主要地”。‎ What interested her most was the longitude line.最让她感兴趣的是经度线。‎ ‎11）firm和firmly ‎ 二者意思基本相同，都表示“坚定地，牢固地”的意思。根据用法习惯，firm常与hold和stand等搭配，其他情况多用firmly。‎ She holds firm to her principles. 她坚持自己的原则。‎ The concept of “customers first” should be firmly rooted in the mind of every shop assistant.‎ ‎  “顾客第一”的概念应牢牢地树立在每个营业员的心中。‎ The audience consisted mostly of women.观众主要是妇女。‎ ‎12）dead和deadly   ‎ dead作副词时表“完全地；绝对地”；‎ deadly一般作形容词用，意为“致命的”，作副词表“死一般地；极度地”。‎ The man lay on the ground, dead drunk.那个人躺在地上，喝得烂醉。‎ His face was deadly pale.他的脸死一般地苍白。‎ I need it deadly.我好需要它！‎ 练习：改错 ‎1.her English is a little hardly to understand ‎2.I had to try hardly not to laugh at her shocked face!‎ ‎3.They had to dig deeply to find water.‎ ‎4.This morning I got up very lately. ‎ ‎5.I know the government think high of his invention.‎ 例题：‎ ‎1. 【2012辽宁卷】22. We used to see each other , but I haven’t head from him since last year. ‎ A. especially B. regularly C. particularly D. approximately ‎ ‎【考点】副词词义辨析 ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎2.【2012四川卷】7. The hotel is almost finished, but it _____ needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests. ‎ A. only B. also C. even D. still ‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎ ‎【考点】本题考查副词用法 ‎ ‎3. 【2010浙江卷】Do you think shopping online will ___ take the place of shopping in stores? ‎ ‎ A. especially B. frequently C. merely D. finally ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎4. 【2010浙江卷】Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isn’t it rather risky, ____? ‎ ‎ A. though B. also C. either D. too ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【考点】本题考查副词辨析。 ‎ ‎【解析】根据句意：在冰场上玩耍听起来很有趣。然会不会有危险呢？前后两句之前是明显的转折关系, 所以选择though。 ‎ ‎5. She devoted herself ______ to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field. ‎ ‎ A. strongly B. freely C. entirely D. extremely ‎ ‎6.【2012湖南】24. Bicycling is good exercise; ____, it does not pollute the air. ‎ ‎ A. nevertheless B. besides C. otherwise D. therefore ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎