高三英语一轮复习专题高考冲刺宾语从句同位语从句3星 8页

睿文教育学校学科教师辅导教案 学员编号： 年 级：高三 课 时 数： ‎ 学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： ‎ 授课类型 C 宾语从句&同位语从句 ‎ 星 级 ‎★★★‎ 教学目标 ‎1、了解宾语从句和同位语从句的概念。‎ ‎2、能够正确区分一句话是否是宾语从句或同位语从句。‎ ‎3、明确宾语从句和同位语从句中的连接词的作用和区别。‎ C专题-宾语从句&同位语从句 ‎（建议2-5分钟）‎ 先给学生放一首英文歌“Uptown girl”‎ Uptown girl She's been living in her uptown world I bet she never had a back street guy I bet her mama never told her why I'm gonna try for an uptown girl She's been living in her white bread world As long as anyone with hot blood can And now she's looking for a downtown man That's what I am Uptown girl You know I can't afford to buy her pearls But maybe someday when my ship comes in She'll understand what kind of guy I've been And then I'll win 批注： 用一首Westlife的Uptown girl引出今天要讲的宾语从句，既不显得突兀，又起到了引起学生兴趣的效果，为学生营造一种轻松愉快的课堂氛围，进而可以提高学生的课堂效率。‎ ‎（建议20-25分钟）‎ 一、宾语从句 ‎1. 引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：‎ ‎ 连接词that，whether，if等；‎ ‎ 连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；‎ ‎ 连接副词when，where，why，how等。‎ ‎ 1）连接词that，whether，if引导 ‎ ①I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help．我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。‎ ‎ ②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。‎ 批注：whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。‎ ‎ (1) 与or not紧接连用时。如：‎ ‎ Let me know whether or not you can come．请让我知道你是否能来。‎ ‎ (2) 作介词的宾语从句时。如：‎ ‎ We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting．我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。‎ ‎ 2）连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等如：‎ ‎ ①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class． 她问我班上谁的书法最好。‎ ‎ ②I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind．我想到什么就说什么。‎ ‎ 3）连接副词引导when，where，why，how等 ‎ ①Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?‎ ‎ ②I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting．‎ ‎ 我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。‎ ‎2. 宾语从句的语序 ‎ 在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：‎ ‎ ①He asked me when we could set out the next day．他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。‎ ‎ ②Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?‎ ‎3. 宾语从句的时态 ‎ 1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。‎ ‎ ①She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday．她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)‎ ‎ ②She says(that)she will leave a message on his desk． 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)‎ ‎ ③She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei．她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)‎ ‎ 2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：‎ ‎ ①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon．他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)‎ ‎ ②He said that he was going to take care of the baby． 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)‎ ‎ ③He said that they were having a meeting at that time． 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)‎ ‎ 3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：‎ ‎ ①The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it．老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。‎ ‎ ②He said that light travels much faster than sound．他说光比声音传播得快。‎ 批注：在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：‎ ‎ (1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。如：‎ ‎ ①I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day．我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。‎ ‎ ②I have made it a rule that I keep diaries．我每天写日记成了惯例。‎ ‎ (2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：‎ ‎ ①I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food．我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。‎ ‎ ②When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral．‎ ‎ 启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。‎ ‎ (3)介词后的宾语从句。如：‎ ‎ ①She is always thinking of how she can do more for others．她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。‎ ‎ ②We are talking about whether we admit students into our club．我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。‎ ‎ (4)宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：‎ ‎ ①I don’t think I know you．我想我并不认识你。‎ ‎ ②I don’t believe he will come．我相信他不回来。‎ 二、同位语从句 ‎1. 如果同位语从句意义完整，则用that引导，而且that不能省略。如 :‎ ‎ 1）The thought that we might success excited us.‎ ‎ 2）The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.‎ ‎2. 如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加是否、什么、谁、什么时候、什么地方、什么方式等含义时，则用whether/what/who/when/where/how等疑问词引导。如：‎ ‎ 1）The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.‎ ‎ 我们是否需要更多时间来做这项工作，这个问题还未讨论。‎ ‎ 2）I have no idea when he will be back.‎ ‎ 3）She raised the question where we could get the fund. 她提出这个问题，我们到哪里弄这笔资金。‎ ‎ 4）I have some doubt whether he is suitable for the job. 他是否适合这份工作，我有点怀疑。‎ ‎ （比较：There’s no doubt that Robert will keep his promise. 毫无疑问，罗伯特会履行诺言的。）‎ 注意：主句为肯定句时，doubt后的同位语从句用whether引导，主句为否定句时，doubt之后的同位语从句用that引导。‎ ‎3. 有时可用namely（即），that is to say, in other words, that is, i.e.(=that is), for example 等列出同位语，说明其前面的名词（或代词）。如：‎ ‎ 1）He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.‎ ‎ 2）There is only one way of improving your English, that is, to practice more.‎ 批注：同位语从句与定语从句区别 （注：这是重点和难点）‎ ‎ 1．先行词不同：一般说来，定语从句的先行词由名词或代词充当，同位语从句的先行词常常是抽象名词，而且在定语从句中，when, where前分别有表示时间、地点的先行词，而同位语从句中没有此对应关系。‎ ‎ 1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.‎ ‎ 2）We express the hope that they will come to visit China again.‎ ‎ 3）He didn’t tell us the date when he would come back.‎ ‎ 4）I have no idea when he will come back.‎ ‎ 2．从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的具体内容，于先行词是同位关系；定语从句用来修饰、限定先行词的意义，与先行词是修饰关系。 ‎ ‎ 1）The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. ‎ ‎ （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）‎ ‎ 2）The news that you told us is really encouraging.‎ ‎ （从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）‎ ‎ 3．引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分，但一般不可省略；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分，作宾语时常可省略。‎ ‎ 1）Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分）‎ ‎ 2）Dad made a promise that excited all his children. （that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）‎ ‎ 3）The news (that) he told me is exciting. (that 作宾语，可省略)‎ ‎ 4. when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别: when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：‎ ‎ 1）This is the place where the accident happened.‎ ‎ 2）They put forward the question where they could get the money.‎ 典例讲解 ‎【例1】（2019福建卷）35. We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.‎ ‎ A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever ‎【解析】首先本句考查的关键短语是promise sb sth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会，不定式做chance的定语，然后就是参加聚会的任何人whoever=anyone who，这样句子就很清晰了，所以划分句子成分非常关键，以前考察whoever都是做状语，而本题考查的是作promise的宾语，挺新颖的。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【点拨】本句考查宾语从句中连词的辨析。‎ ‎【例2】(2019上海卷) 38.—We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do?‎ ‎ —No, _ _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.‎ ‎ A. who B. that C. what D. which ‎【解析】空格处既要引导主语从句又要在主语从句中作宾语，只有what具备这样的双重功能。句意：—我们只是弄到了这只小的书架，行吗？—不行。我所要找的是比它更大更坚实的书架。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【点拨】考查名词性从句中的主语从句和宾语从句。　‎ ‎【例3】(2019福建卷)35.We promise _____attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.‎ ‎ A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever ‎【解析】句意：我们承诺给任何出席晚会的人一个与那个影星合影的机会。句中whoever引导宾语从句（=anyone who引导的定语从句）。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【点拨】考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。　‎ ‎【例4】(2019江苏卷)27.The notice came around two in the afternoon _______the meeting would be postponed.‎ ‎ A. when B. that C. whether D. how ‎【解析】句意：会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟传达的。空格后的句子是解释说明名词the notice，作同位语从句，在从句中不做任何成分，所以用that引导。不要受前面时间状语“in the afternoon”的影响而误选A。解题时注意同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【点拨】考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。‎ ‎【例5】(2019辽宁卷)34.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for he could find about Mark Twain. ‎ ‎ A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever ‎【解析】考查名词性从句。介词for后面加的是宾语从句，且从句中find缺少宾语，所以用whatever，选C。句意：这个新来的人前几天去了图书馆，查找他能够找到的有关马克吐温的任何东西。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【点拨】考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。‎ ‎（建议5-10分钟）‎ ‎1. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _________ road conditions need_________.‎ A. that ...to be improved B. which...to be improved C. where ...improving D .when...improving ‎2. There's a feeling in me_______we'll never know what a UFO is—not ever.‎ A. that B. which C. of which D. what ‎3. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _______he wants.‎ A. what B. which C. when D. that ‎ ‎4. Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.‎ A. while B. that C. when D. as ‎5.（2019北京卷22）________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.‎ A. Which B what C. That D. Whom ‎6.（2019上海卷31）There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.‎ A. what B. if C. how D. that ‎7.（2019上海卷38）The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand.‎ A. why B. that C. which D. what ‎8（2019山东卷33）We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.‎ A. where B. what C.whether D. which ‎9.（2019辽宁卷32）When the news came_________the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.‎ A. since B. which C. that D. because ‎10.（2019天津卷13）Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.‎ A. what B. which C. that D. where ‎11.（2019重庆卷34）It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.‎ A. whose B. what C. which D. that ‎12.（2019北京） some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.‎ A. Whether B. What C. That D. How ‎13.（2019上海）One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.‎ A. that B. how C. what D. why ‎14.（2019上海）When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .‎ A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering ‎15.（2019全国2）—Have you finished the book?‎ ‎---No,I’ve read up to_________the children discover the secret cave.‎ A.which B.what C.that D.where Keys： ‎ ‎1.【解析】答案为A。考查同位语从句。因为先行词在从句中不作任何成份，因此用关系词that，故B、C、D均不正确。对于第2个空格，need既可作实义动词，又可作情态动词。作实义动词时后跟动词不定式，即need to do sth.，另外 road conditions与improve之间是被动关系，因此是need to be improved(need to be done=need doing)。译文：私家车受欢迎所涉及到的新问题是道路状况需要改善。‎ ‎2.【解析】答案为A。同位语从句that we'll never know what a UFO is—not ever作a feeling的同位语，解释a feeling的具体内容。that连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用不作从句的任何成分。译文：我有一个这样的感觉，我们不会知道什么是UFO——永远不会。‎ ‎3.【解析】答案为A。这是一个宾语从句，wants后面缺少宾语，所以要填写what。Alwaysgive the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语，意思是“永远不折不扣地给予对方他想要的东西。”译文：当你在找工作面试回答问题时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远不折不扣地给予对方他想要的东西。‎ ‎4.【解析】答案为B。这是一个同位语从句。that引导从句作information的同位语，解释information的具体内容。注意：that和what引导名词性从句(主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句)的区别：that引导名词性从句，只起引导作用，在从句中不作成分。that引导宾语从句时，that可省略，而在其他三个从句中，that虽不作成份，一般也不省略；what在这四个名词从句中一定作成分，作主语、宾语、表语或补语。译文：有消息说，更多的中学毕业生将进入大学。‎ ‎5.【解析】A考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。由句中的is可知其前面是由what引导的主语从句，且what在从句中作offer的宾语，故答案为A项。‎ ‎6.【解析】D考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。句意为：证据表明，所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构，从句中不缺成分，故用关联词that。‎ ‎7.【解析】D考查名词性从句中的宾语从句。句意为：你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反。‎ ‎8.【解析】C此题考查宾语从句的引导词。根据句意“我们提供给她了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受”。‎ ‎9.【解析】C考查同位语从句。句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去部队服役。此处的“ the war broke out”解释说明the news的具体内容，且从句中不缺少成分，故为同位语从句，用that连接。‎ ‎10.【解析】C考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。句意为：现代科技已经给出了充分的证据，表明吸烟可能引起许多疾病。‎ ‎11.【解析】B考查宾语从句。what引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作use的定语。还原句子为“a new invention can be of what use”。‎ ‎12.【解析】B本题考查主语从句。句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。从句中缺宾语, 只能用B. what来引导. C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。‎ ‎13.【解析】A此处考查的是同位语从句。考查that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。‎ ‎14.【解析】B本题考查宾语从句。which引导的句子做know的宾语, 句子用陈述语序。‎ ‎15.【解析】D考查宾语从句。Up to为介词结构, 后接宾语从句从句；而句意是 “读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”, 故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。‎ ‎ score:____________ （15小题，每题1分，共15分）‎ ‎（建议2-5分钟）‎ 批注：第一步采用放电影学习法，让学生自己回忆在本模块学到了哪些知识点；如果学生回答的都是一些凌乱且琐碎的知识点，这个时候老师可以让学生翻看前面的知识点总结。第二步是错题再次回顾总结，在“斩妖除魔”环节，学生做了15道题目，可以对错题进行回顾，需要再次让学生总结出现错误的原因及下次如何避免。‎ Step 1. 思考回忆所学知识点，并将所学知识点列在下面 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Step 2. 错题回顾