2019高考英语人教一轮预热自练巩固题必修4U4及答案 8页

‎2019高考英语（人教）一轮预热自练巩固题必修4U4及答案 ‎***阅读理解。‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。‎ ‎ (2019·长春市质量监测一)‎ Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later? Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain，in rats at least.‎ ‎“This is an animal study，but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important—not just for physical development，but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive(认知的)development during ageing，”says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto，Canada. “In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer's disease(阿尔茨海默病)，possibly to the point of preventing it.”‎ Wojtowicz's team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups，and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months later—when the rats had reached middle age—the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box.When placed in the box，they froze with fear.‎ Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations：exactly the same box in the same room，the same box with the room arranged differently，and a completely different box in a different room.‎ The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations，suggesting they couldn't remember which one was dangerous.But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.‎ ‎“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when we're young，at least for rats，has influence on the brain and cognitive health—in the form of better memories—when we're older，” says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston，who has found that，in humans，exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.‎ ‎1．The study shows that ________.‎ A．physical activity is important for physical health B．using the running wheels is of benefit to the rats' growth C．physical activity can prevent humans' Alzheimer's disease D．the more exercise a rat has when young，the better memory it will possess when older ‎2．How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?‎ A．By analyzing causes.‎ B．By giving an example.‎ C．By describing the process.‎ D．By showing differences.‎ ‎3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．Exercise.　　　　　B．Development.‎ C．Benefit. D．Study.‎ ‎4．What is the author's attitude towards the animal study?‎ A．Negative. B．Objective.‎ C．Critical. D．Doubtful.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文为说明文，介绍了一项科学研究，从而得出早期锻炼对大脑终身有好处的结论。‎ ‎1．D　考查细节理解。根据第一段内容尤其是第二句“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least”可知，早期锻炼似乎对大脑终身有好处，至少对老鼠来说是这样的。故选D项。‎ ‎2．C　考查写作手法。根据第三段的“Wojtowicz's team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups...Around four months later...they froze with fear”和第四段的“Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations”可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行实验的过程。C项意为“通过描述过程”，故选C项。A项意为“通过分析原因”；B项意为“通过举例子”；D项意为“通过展示不同点”。这三项均不符合第三、四段的发展脉络。‎ ‎3．A　考查代词指代。根据第二段的“but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important”及“In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer's disease(阿尔茨海默病)”可知，身体活动很重要，对人类来说，它可能会推迟阿尔茨海默病的出现。因此“it”在文中指的是“physical activity”， A项与其同义，故选A项。‎ ‎4．B　考查观点态度。通读全文可知，作者介绍了对老鼠进行实验的过程及其结果，并引用数据进行说明，由此可知作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。B项意为“客观的”，故选B项。‎ ‎***语法填空。‎ After spending nearly every waking minute with Angel for eight straight days, I knew that I had to tell her just one thing. So late at night, just before she fell asleep, I whispered __1__ in her ear. She smiled—the kind of smile __2__ made me smile back—and she said, “When I'm seventyfive and I think about my life and __3__ it was like to be young,I hope that I can remember this very moment.”‎ A few seconds later she closed her eyes and fell asleep. The room was __4__ (peace)—almost silent.All I could hear was the soft voice of her breathing. I stayed awake __5__ (think) about the time we __6__ (spend) together and all the choices in our lives that made this moment possible. And at some point, I realized that it didn't matter what we'd done or where we'd ‎ gone. Nor __7__ the future hold any significance.‎ What mattered was the calmness of the moment. The moral：We must not allow the clock, the calendar, and external pressure __8__ (rule) our lives and blind us to the fact __9__ each individual moment of our lives is a beautiful mystery and a miracle—__10__ (especial)those moments we spend in the presence of a loved one.‎ ‎1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ ‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过描述一个让人暖心的夜晚，告诉读者一个生活和人生哲理：眼下宁静温馨的时光尤为珍贵，不应被世俗破坏。‎ ‎1．it　考查代词。根据前句中的“I knew that I had to tell her just one thing”可知，空处应填it指代one thing。‎ ‎2．that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。根据句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且关系词指代先行词the kind of smile，故填that/which。‎ ‎3．what　考查宾语从句的连接词。根据and前的“I think about my life”可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中like缺少宾语，且连接词在句中表示“什么样子”，此处应填what。‎ ‎4．peaceful　考查词性转换。句意：房间里很宁静。此处应用形容词peaceful作was的表语。‎ ‎5．thinking　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎6．had spent　考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，spend所表示的动作发生在stayed awake之前，应用过去完成时，故填had spent。‎ ‎7．did　考查部分倒装。否定副词nor位于句首时，句子常用部分倒装，由hold与前一句中的realized可知，应填did。‎ ‎8．to rule　考查非谓语动词。allow sb./sth. to do sth. 为固定用法。‎ ‎9．that　考查同位语从句的连接词。分析句子结构并由the fact可知，此处应用that引导同位语从句，解释说明the fact的具体内容。‎ ‎10．especially　考查词性转换。此处表示“尤其是与心爱的人一起度过的美好时光”，结合句意可知，空处应用副词作状语，故填especially。‎ ‎***完形填空。‎ ‎(2019·潍坊市高考模拟考试)‎ When Lisa Welch，from Jimboomba，Queensland，was struggling with what to gift her son for his upcoming 10th birthday，she was beaten.Her little boy Jorge has a __1__， who，born with Corticol Dysplasia，is unable to speak and his brain __2__ as an 18 months old.‎ Lisa had noticed that during the drive to school each weekday morning，Jorge almost jumped out of his seat __3__ every time they passed a big truck.This was what gave her the idea to put a post on the local Facebook Sell It page, __4__ a person with a truck to visit their home for an hour ‎ and __5__ take Jorge for a ride.Within minutes，Melissa Whelan，whose husband Tom drives a big truck，__6__ to be online and contacted(联系)Lisa, Jorge's birthday __7__ had been organized.‎ But the story doesn't __8__ there.The offers of trucks and time kept pouring in.It was at this point that Gavin，another trucker，stepped in and __9__.Afterwards，he set up a __10__ page “Jimboomba Jorge” __11__ everyone could keep pace with what was unfolding.The __12__ of the birthday surprise spread，and enthusiasm and local community spirit __13__.Within 5 days，Gavin had organized a convoy(车队)of 214 trucks, with __14__ coming from across the country.He spoke with radio stations 4BC about Jorge and the convoy.Channel 9 Australia was contacted and they too made arrangements to be __15__ on the day.‎ Saturday the 15th December __16__ bright and sunny，which turned out the best ever birthday for Jorge.The community also __17__ a total of $1 700 toward Jorge's ongoing __18__ costs and __19__ the birthday presents was the donation of a tablet PC from the local Telstra shop.Lisa is excited that this can be used to aid Jorge with his __20__.‎ ‎1．A.toy B．disability C．situation D．habit ‎2．A.treats B．considers C．functions D．describes ‎3．A.casually B．calmly C．excitedly D．violently ‎4．A.asking for B．depending on C．sending for D．bringing up ‎5．A.frequently B．gradually C．deliberately D．possibly ‎6．A.hesitated B．happened C．intended D．pretended ‎7．A.surprise B．invitations C．evening D．dance ‎8．A.end B．begin C．turn D．mean ‎9．A.pulled over B．handed over C．took over D．thought over ‎10．A.normal B．frequent C．usual D．special ‎11．A.in case B．even if C．as long as D．so that ‎12．A.time B．place C．rule D．message ‎13．A.grew B．sank C．lost D．fell ‎14．A.doctors B．drivers C．clerks D．patients ‎15．A.off B．out C．away D．there ‎16．A.showed B．wiped C．dawned D．varied ‎17．A.raised B．earned C．wasted D．spent ‎18．A.general B．medical C．living D．travelling ‎19．A.between B．at C．among D．against ‎20．A.decision B．communication C．drive D．relationship ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了母亲Lisa为她患病的儿子准备生日惊喜的故事。在很多人的帮助下，她的儿子Jorge度过了一个完美的生日，同时，Jorge还收到了很多生日礼物以及好心人的捐款。‎ ‎1．B　考查名词辨析。A项意为“玩具”；B项意为“缺陷，障碍”；C项意为“情况”；D项意为“习惯”。根据空格后的“who, born with Corticol Dysplasia, is unable to speak and his brain ________ as an 18 months old”可判断出，Jorge生来身体上就有缺陷。故选B。‎ ‎2．C　考查动词辨析。A项意为“对待”；B项意为“考虑”；C项意为“正常工作，运转”；D项意为“描述”。根据“is unable to speak”可判断出，Jorge大脑的运转水平大约和18月大的孩子一样。故选C。‎ ‎3．C　考查副词辨析。A项意为“不经意地”；B项意为“镇静地”；C项意为“兴奋地”；D项意为“强烈地”。根据上文中的“jumped out of his seat”可判断出，此处指Jorge每次看到有大卡车经过时都会从座位上兴奋地跳起来。故选C。‎ ‎4．A　考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“请求”；B项意为“依赖”；C项意为“派人去请”；D项意为“提出，养育”。根据空格后的“a person with a truck to visit their home for an hour”可判断出，此处指Lisa是想请求一位有卡车的人来她家。故选A。‎ ‎5．D　考查副词辨析。A项意为“频繁地”；B项意为“逐渐地”；C项意为“故意地”；D项意为“可能，也许”。根据语境可知，Lisa希望如果有可能的话，卡车司机可以载Jorge一程。故选D。‎ ‎6．B　考查动词辨析。A项意为“犹豫”；B项意为“发生”；C项意为“打算”；D项意为“假装”。此处指丈夫是卡车司机的Melissa Whelan碰巧在线并联系了Lisa。happen to do意为“碰巧发生”。故选B。‎ ‎7．A　考查名词辨析。A项意为“惊喜”；B项意为“邀请”；C项意为“晚上”；D项意为“舞蹈”。根据第三段第五句中的“the birthday surprise spread”可知，此处指Lisa做这一切是想给儿子一个生日惊喜。故选A。‎ ‎8．A　考查动词辨析。A项意为“结束”；B项意为“开始”；C项意为“转动”；D项意为“意思是”。根据下文内容可知，这个故事并没有到此结束。故选A。‎ ‎9．C　考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“靠边停车”；B项意为“移交”；C项意为“接替，接任”；D项意为“仔细考虑”。根据下文中的“he set up a ________ page ‘Jimboomba Jorge'”可知，另一位卡车司机介入并接替了这件事情。故选C。‎ ‎10．D　考查形容词辨析。A项意为“正常的”；B项意为“频繁的”；C项意为“通常的”；D项意为“特别的”。根据下文内容可知，这是一张特别的“page”。故选D。‎ ‎11．D　考查连词短语辨析。A项意为“万一，假使”；B项意为“即使”；C项意为“只要”；D项意为“以便”。此处指Gavin建立一个写有“Jimboomba Jorge”的页面以便每个人都能知道这件事情的进展。空格后面的状语从句表示的是结果，能引导结果状语从句的只有so that。故选D。‎ ‎12．D　考查名词辨析。A项意为“时间”；B项意为“地点”；C项意为“规则”；D项意为“消息”。根据语境可知，生日惊喜的消息很快就传播开了。故选D。‎ ‎13．A　考查动词辨析。A项意为“增长”；B项意为“下沉”；C项意为“丢失”；D项意为“落下”。根据下文内容可知，生日惊喜的消息很快就传播开来，热情和当地社区人们的情绪高涨。故选A。‎ ‎14．B　考查名词辨析。A项意为“医生”；B项意为“司机”；C项意为“职员”；D项意为“病人”。根据上文中的“Gavin had organized a convoy(车队)of 214 trucks”可知，Gavin组织了一个由来自全国各地的司机组成的卡车车队。故选B。‎ ‎15．D　考查副词辨析。句意为：有人联系了澳大利亚的Channel 9，他们也做出了安排，那天会在那里(进行报道)。故选D。‎ ‎16．C　考查动词辨析。A项意为“展示”；B项意为“擦”；C项意为“天亮，破晓”；D项意为“变化”。根据“bright and sunny”可判断出，天亮之后才能阳光明媚。故选C。‎ ‎17．A　考查动词辨析。A项意为“筹集”；B项意为“赚得”；C项意为“浪费”；D项意为“花费”。根据空格后的“a total of $1 ‎700”‎可知，社区也为Jorge筹集了1 700美元。故选A。‎ ‎18．B　考查形容词辨析。A项意为“全体的，普遍的”；B项意为“医疗的”；C项意为“活着的”；D项意为“旅行的”。因为Jorge是一个患病的孩子，根据空格前后的“Jorge's ongoing”和“costs”可知，这些钱是用来支付Jorge的医疗费用的。故选B。‎ ‎19．C　考查介词辨析。根据语境可知，Jorge的生日礼物很多，among the birthday presents表示“在这些礼物当中”，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎20．B　考查名词辨析。A项意为“决定”；B项意为“交流”；C项意为“驾车路程”； D项意为“关系”。根据第一段中的“is unable to speak”和本段中的“a tablet PC from the local Telstra shop”可知，当地的Telstra商店送给Jorge一个平板电脑，Lisa认为这对Jorge的交流会有所帮助。故选B。‎ 亮点句积累：The offers of trucks and time kept pouring in.(第三段第二句)‎ 译文：可供使用的卡车和时间段不断涌来。‎ 词汇积累：pour v．不断涌向　organize v．组织 keep pace with保持同步，并驾齐驱 ‎***短文改错。‎ As a student, I can tell you that there is something better than praised by my teacher before my classmates.‎ The other day, I was praised by my head teacher at the class meeting because I have recited all the words of Unit 3. He said before the whole class that only if we put our hearts into our lessons could we make great progress. He also said I set the good example to all of my classmates and that I memorized all the words of Unit 3 as though I was not good at English. He also added that everyone should learn from me. Hearing that the head teacher said, I was more than glad and my heart beat wildly. At the same time, I made up my mind to study hard rather than wasting precious time on those useless things, such as playing video games and chatting online.‎ On my own experience, I learn that several words of praise can make a great difference to someone.‎ 答案：‎ As a student, I can tell you that there is better than praised by my teacher before my classmates.‎ The other day, I was praised by my head teacher at the class meeting because I recited all the words of Unit 3. He said before the whole class that only if we put our into our lessons could we make great progress. He also said I set good example to all of my classmates and that I memorized all the words of Unit 3 though I was not good at English. He also ‎ added that everyone should learn from me. Hearing the head teacher said, I was more than glad and my heart beat wildly. At the same time, I made up my mind to study rather than precious time on those useless things, such as playing video games and chatting online.‎ ‎ my own experience, I learn that several words of praise can make a great difference to someone.‎ 难项分析：‎ 第一处：something→nothing　考查否定词与比较级的连用。否定词与比较级连用表达最高级的含义。用于该结构的否定词有no, not, never, nothing等。此处用There is nothing better than ... 表示“没有什么比……更好/最好的莫过于”。‎ 第二处：than后加being　考查非谓语动词。than前后所跟成分为并列关系，其后的动作表示“被表扬”，且是一般性客观事实，故用动名词的被动式。‎ 第七处：that→what　考查名词性从句的连接词。引导宾语从句，在从句中作said的宾语，表示“所……的事物”，应用what引导。‎