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高考英语试题考点分项解析定语从句

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‎2011年高考英语试题考点分项解析 单项选择 定语从句 ‎【考查要点】‎ 定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一,它的结构和用法比较复杂,是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点,也是高考英语常考的一个考点是历年高考的热点,掌握定语从句对于语言理解和运用具有重要的意义。定语从句在高考各个题型中都有可能会涉及到。‎ ‎【名师解题指南】定语从句是英语语法的重要组成部分,也是每年高考必定涉及的内容,判断定语从句的引导词是高考中的常见题型。其实解决这个问题是有法可依的,本文总结了判断定语从句引导词的一般思路。 ‎ 一、 判断定语从句引导词的一般思路 ‎ ‎1. 明确引导词的常规用法 ‎ 定语从句的引导词在定语从句中不仅起到引导从句的作用,而且都有具体含义,因此定语从句的引导词,包括that,在定语从句中一定充当一个句子成分。从词性上看,这些引导词可以分为两大类:代词和副词。that, which, who, whom,as等为代词,when, where, why等为副词。代词类的引导词在定语从句中可以充当主语、表语或宾语,副词类的引导词可以充当状语。从具体用法上看,that即可代人也可代物,which只能代物,who和whom只能代人,分别作主语和宾语。as引导定语从句时为代词,可作主语、宾语或表语。在定语从句中,when作时间状语,where作地点状语,why作原因状语。 ‎ ‎2. 明确定语从句的逻辑语序 ‎ 一般说来,定语从句和其他各类从句一样采用陈述句的语序,但实际上和一般陈述句的语序并不完全相同。相同之处在于和陈述句一样,定语从句也是主语在前、谓语动词在后的语序,不同之处在于引导词要位于从句句首,因为引导词的作用就在于引导从句。如上文分析,定语从句的引导词既是从句中的一个句子成分,还必须位于从句句首,这就造成了从句的实际语序和逻辑语序不一致的现象,对理解引导词在定语从句中充当的成分造成困难,分析从句的逻辑语序就成了确定引导词在从句中充当何种句子成分的有效手段。 ‎ ‎3. 明确句子成分的基本概念 ‎ 分析定语从句的实际语序和逻辑语序离不开对各种基本句子成分的概念的准确理解。一般说来,主语和宾语由名词或代词充当,而表示时间、地点或原因的结构往往是句子的状语。根据定语从句引导词的词性可以确定that,which,who,whom,as等代词性的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,而when,where,why等副词在从句中作状语。 ‎ ‎4. 确定定语从句引导词的一般思路 ‎ 在明确了引导词的常规用法、定语从句的逻辑语序和句子成分的基本概念之后,我们可以通过如下思路逐步确定定语从句的引导词: ‎ ‎(1) 通过分析定语从句的逻辑语序确定引导词在句中是何成分。 ‎ ‎(2) 根据引导词在从句中充当的成分确定引导词的词性。如果引导词在从句中为主语或宾语,则引导词为代词,并且定语从句中充当宾语的引导词可以省略;如果引导词在句中为状语,则引导词为副词。 ‎ ‎(3) 确定了引导词的词性之后,参考先行词和句意最终确定引导词。如果引导词为代词,其必然代指先行词。先行词为物,则用that或which,先行词为人,则用that或who(whom);如果引导词为副词,则根据句意判断其为时间、地点或是原因,分别对应when,where和why。 ‎ 以上是确定定语从句引导词的一般思路,实际上也是确定其他从句引导词的一般思路。‎ 例: Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago. ‎ A. when B. where C. that D. which ‎ ‎1.(2011安徽卷)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.‎ A. when B. which C. where D. while ‎【答案】选C。‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意为:剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱,在那里可以保存两三周。本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。由句型结构可以看出,该题中的先行词refrigerator在从句中作介词的宾语,该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语,故选择关系副词where。when在从句中作时间状语;which在从句中作主语或宾语;while是连词,不能用于定语从句。‎ ‎2.(2011四川卷)The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.‎ A. which B. whose C. when D. where ‎4.(2011浙江卷)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently .‎ A. which B. what C. them D. those ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures,先行词在从句中作each of的宾语,所以应该用关系代词which。‎ ‎5.(2011新课标卷)The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.‎ A.that B.which C.whose D.what ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考察定语从句。本题主句中的先行词writer作者和从句中的主语story故事有所属关系,现行词writer在可以作为story的定语,译为作者的故事,因此选C。 whose。句子的意思为,我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富想象力的作者。‎ ‎6.(2011天津卷)The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.‎ A. when B. that C. where D. which ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】考察定语从句。句意为:when引导定语从句修饰The day。are gone为插入语。句意为:全部靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。‎ ‎7.(2011陕西卷)I walked up to the top of the hill with my feiend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .‎ A.which B. where C. who D.that ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是hill,表地点,定语从句we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .句子成分中缺少状语,所以应用关系副词where。,答案选择 B.‎ ‎8.(2011山东卷)The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.‎ A. they B. where C. what D. that ‎10.(2011江西卷)She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years.‎ A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which ‎【答案】C.‎ ‎【解析】考察定语从句。先行词为museum,在从句中充当定语。句意为:博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间,介词用of。选C。‎ ‎11.(2011江苏卷)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, __________ the audience can buy ice-cream.[来 A.When B.Where C.that D.which ‎12.(2011湖南卷)Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of _______ she spoke fluently.‎ A. who B. whom C. which D. that ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为物,且关系代词用在介词后面,故应用which。句意:Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语,这三种语言她说得都很流利。‎ ‎13.(2011福建卷)It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.‎ A.that B.when C.since D.berore ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。去掉It was及that后,April 29,2011不可以单独作时间状语,所以不是强调句型。用when引导定语从句修饰April29,2011。‎ ‎14.(2011福建卷)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.‎ A. which B. where C. what D. who ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知,an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开,该从句缺少主语,所以用which。‎ ‎15.(2011北京卷)Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, , of course, made all the others upset.‎ A. who B. which C. what D. that ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句部分的内容。‎ 单项选择 连词与状语从句 ‎【考查要点】‎ 从句高考研究英语中的连词用法比较复杂。同一个连词可以表达不同的意思,同一个意思可以用不同的连词进行表达,因此在学习连词时应注意以下几点:熟练掌握每一个连词的不同意义和用法;掌握同一意义可以运用不同的连词;同一意义可以运用不同的句式表达等等。高考中对于连词的考查主要表现在对于并列连词和从属连词的用法和辨析上进行考查。这是考试的重点和难点所在。状语从句一般可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句。预测今后高考主要考查在具体的语境中连词的正确使用。‎ ‎【名师解题指南】‎ 考点1 状语从句的时态 高考主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。如:‎ ‎①He said he would go to Japan for holiday when he finished writing the book.他说他写完这本书后会去日本度假。‎ ‎②Even if it snows tomorrow,the performance won’t be called off.即使明天下雪,演出也不会取消。‎ 考点二 状语从句的结构 高考主要考查结构较为复杂、特殊的状语从句,如no matter+疑问词;whatever,however,as引导的让步状语从句;“the+比较级…,the+比较级”中的比较状语从句等。如:‎ ‎①The harder you work,the better your studies will be.你学习越努力,功课就越好。‎ ‎②No matter what serious difficulties he met with,he could always overcome them.不管碰到多么可怕的困难,他总能克服。‎ 考点3 状语从句的省略 在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中,常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词,保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“it is+形容词”,也可以省略it is。如:‎ ‎①Once printed,this dictionary will be very popular.一旦出版,这本词典会非常畅销。(once后省去了it is)‎ ‎②Do not leave the building until instructed to do SO.接到指示后才可离开这幢房子。(until后省去了you are)‎ 考点4 从属连词的选择和辨析[来 高考重点考查引导状语从句的从属连词,如引导时间状语从句的immediately,the moment,every time,once;引导条件状语从句的as long as;引导原因状语从句的now that,since;引导让步状语从句的even if,even though;引导目的状语从句的in case,in order that等。如:‎ ‎①We hadn’t met for 20 years,but I recognized him the moment I saw him.我们已经有20年没见面了,可是我一见到他就认出他来了。(时间状语从句)‎ ‎②We should bring a knife in case that there ale any dangerous animals there.我们应当带把刀,以防那儿有什么危险动物。(目的状语从句)‎ 考点5 where引导地点状语从句 要注意where引导的地点状语从句和where引导的定语从句、表语从句以及宾语从句的区别。如:‎ ‎①The flower grows best where it often rains.这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(地点状语从句)‎ ‎②The flower grows best in the place where it often rains.这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(定语从句)‎ ‎【11真题全解全析】 ‎ ‎1.(2011四川卷)Frank insisted that he was not asleep I had great difficulty in waking him up.‎ A. whether B. although C. for D. so ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查连词。句意为:“虽然我很费劲地才叫醒Frank,他却坚持说他没睡着。”,故此处应为连词although引导的让步状语从句。故正确答案为B。‎ ‎2.(2011浙江卷)One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend away __ my daughter beard cries for help ‎ A. after B. while C. since D. when ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查连词辨析。语意表示我们正在收拾行李,这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。be doing.when.表示”正在做某事,这时(突然)……“,是常用结构,故选D项。‎ ‎3.(2011新课标卷)-Someone wants you on the phone.[来 ‎- nobody knows I am here.‎ A.Although B.And C.But D.So ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考察连词。前半句为,有人给你打电话;后半句为,没人知道我在这儿,根据句意可知前后两句明显为转折关系,因此选C。‎ ‎4.(2011新课标卷)Try she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.‎ A. if B. when C. since D. as ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考察连词的用法。题目中前半句说,她试过;后半句说Sue不能打开门口,明显前后两个句子意思相反,所以选择D。 As,表示虽然。句子的意思为,虽然她试了,但还是无法打开门。‎ ‎5.(2011天津卷) regular exercise is very important.It’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.‎ A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】考查连词。although“尽管”; As “如”; Unless “除非”。句意为:尽管有规律的运动很重要,但是在睡前运动不是一个好主意。‎ ‎6.(2011全国2卷)It was a nice meal,_______a little expensive.‎ A. though B. whether C. as D. since ‎【答案】A]‎ ‎【解析】考查连词。句意:那顿饭真美味,尽管有点贵。though“尽管”,引导让步状语从句,该句使用了省略形式,补全后为“though it wasa little ex-pensive”。注意as也可以表示“尽管”,但as作“尽管”讲时,必须使用倒装结构。‎ ‎7.(2011辽宁卷)Bring the flowers into a warm room they'll soon open.‎ A. or B. and C. but D. for ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查连词。句意:将花放到暖和的房间里,它们将会很快开放。根据语意可知此处表示顺承,故用and连接。注意此句为固定句式“祈使句+and+陈述句”。‎ ‎8.(2011江西卷)The house was too expelsive and too big. ______, I’d grown fond of our little rented house.‎ A. Besides B. Therefore C. Somehow D. Otherwise ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考察连词用法。句意为:这个房子太贵太大。我已经对小的租用房越来越感兴趣了。根据前后句判断出为并列关系。Besides 此外,表并列,therefore 因此,表因果,somehow 无论如何,表转折,otherwise 除此之外,表转折。选A.‎ ‎9.(2011四川卷)As it reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.‎ A. when B. before C. after D. since ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】考查状语从句。“It is + 时间段 +since + 从句(谓语为一般过去时)”为固定句型,故答案选D。句意为:“正如所报道的那样,自从清华大学建校以来已有100年时间了。”‎ ‎10.(2011重庆卷)To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off we are to shake hands with.‎ A.whichever B.whenever C.whoever D.wherever ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查状语从句。句意:为了表示我们的尊敬,无论与谁握手,我们通常得摘下手套。shake hands with sb.表示“与某人握手”,本句中的with后缺少宾语,结合句意选C项,whoever在句中引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎11.(2011新课标卷)Only when he reached the tea-house it was the same place he’d been in last year.‎ A. he realized B.he did realize C.realized he D.did he realize ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题考查的是以only引导的状语从句引起的部分倒装,应把主句中动词的助动词提前至句首,所以选D。‎ ‎12.(2011陕西卷)__________________all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. ‎ A. Since B. While C. If D. As ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查让步状语从句。while的意思是“虽然, 尽管”, 相当于though或although。这句话的意思是:“虽然他们都是强有力的候选人, 但只有一个人被选中担任这个职务”‎ ‎13.(2011湖南卷)Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _______ he had done something very clever.‎ A. as if B. in case C. while D. though ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查状语从句。as if意为“似乎,好像”,引导方式状语从句。句意:Jack什么也没说,但老师向他笑了笑,好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。‎ ‎14.(2011北京卷)volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.‎ A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查让步状语从句。根据主句内容可知,她也擅长打篮球,由此可知排球是她的强项,故选while引导让步状语从句。‎