高考英语阅读理解二轮突破练习33 9页

In the United States, there were some well-constructed houses for native Indians, ranging from the simple brush shelter to the five-storied pueblo.‎ In the eastern United States, one of the existing types was that commonly know under the Algonkian name of wigwam in which the Iroquois Indians lived. The wigwams were of wagon-top shape with straight sides and ends, made by bending young trees to form the round shape. Over this shape pieces of tree bark were laid to protect the Indians from bad weather. Over the bark dried grass was added. A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top. Doorways at each end served also as windows, The Iroquois Indians built trunk walls all around their villages. The wall had only one opening, They could quickly close this opening if their enemies came near.‎ Interestingly, the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi also lived in a wigwam of a most primitive(原始的) construction, but different from those of the Iroquois Indians. The Choctaw Indians’ wigwams, made from mud, cane and straw, were in the form of a bee-hive. The covering was made of a long, tough grass. A post in the centre supported the roof. A hole in the top admitted the light, and allowed the smoke to pass out.‎ The tipi tent-housing of the upper lake and plains area was put up with poles set lightly in the ground, tied together near the top, and covered with bark and grass in the lake country. It was easily portable, and two women could set it up or take it down within an hour.‎ The Pawnee, Mandan and other Indian tribes (部落) along the Missouri built solid ring-shaped structures of trunk, covered with earth and dried grass, housing a dozen families.‎ The Wichita and other tribes of the Texas border built large ring-shaped houses covered with dried grass. K^S*5U.C Apart from the regular housing, almost every tribe had some style of housing.‎ ‎( ) 1.Which of the following pictures shows the house for the Iroquois Indians？‎ ‎( ) 2. According to the passage, the Pawnee Indians built their houses _____.‎ A. with openings in the trunk walls B. large enough for several families ‎ C. in a ring shape with bark and mud D. by bending young trees to form the shape ‎( ) 3. All the native Indian houses described in the passage were_____. K^S*5U.C A. of the same shape B. covered with grass ‎ C. built with a post in the centre D. built with doorways at each end ‎ ‎( ) 4. The passage suggests that ________‎ A. all the native Indians built trunk walls all around their houses ‎ B. all the native Indian houses were built with poles tied together C. the Iroquois Indians took safety into account while building their wigwams ‎ D. the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi built their wigwams with straight sides and ends ‎【语篇解读】本篇文章为记叙文。主要讲述了美国的土著居民印第安人的房屋结构和建房特点，展示了美国当地人的居住文化。‎ ‎72.答案A。‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The wigwams were of wagon-top shape with straight sides and ends……”可知，选项A符合题意。‎ ‎73.答案B。‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“The Pawnee, Mandan and other Indian tribes…… housing a dozen families”可知，应选B项。‎ ‎74.答案B。‎ ‎【解析】细节理解题。文章中出现的grass是Indian tribes建造房屋所必不可少的东西。由此可知，印第安人的屋子都用草盖着。由此可知B项正确 ‎75.答案C。K^S*5U.C ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“They could quickly close this opening if their enemies came near”可以推断出the Iroquois Indians建造房屋的时候把自身的安全考虑在内了。因此可推断出C项 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分） ‎ ‎ 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A ‎ Arthur Miller (1915-2005) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller’s father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary．Drawn like so many other by the “Great American Dream” However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early l930s.‎ ‎ Milles's most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system. With its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into double with his worth. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.‎ ‎ When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, ‎ and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics` Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.‎ ‎ Miller died of the failure at his home in Roxbury‎, ‎Connecticut, on the evening of February 10, 2005, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.‎ ‎( ) 1. Why did Arthur Miller’s father move to the USA?‎ A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.‎ B. He was attracted by the "Great American Dream.‎ C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.‎ D. His family business failed.‎ ‎( ) 2. The play Death of a Salesman A. exposes the cruelty of the American business world B. discusses the ways to get promoted in a company C. talks about the business career of Arthur Miller D. focuses on the skills in doing business ‎( ) 3. What can we learn about Willy Loman?‎ A. He treats his employer badly.‎ B. He runs the Wagner Company.‎ C. He is a victim of the American system.‎ D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.‎ ‎( ) 4. After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman A. achieved huge success B. won the first Tony Award C. was warmly welcomed by salesmen D. was severely attacked by dramatists ‎( ) 5. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. Arthur Miller and his family.‎ B. The awards Arthur Miller won.‎ C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced.‎ D. Arthur Miller and his best-known play.‎ ‎【文章大意】文章介绍了剧作家Arthur Miller和他最有名的作品Death of a Salesman《推销员之死》。‎ ‎1.答案B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段的Miller`s father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary．Drawn like so many other by the“Great American Dream”可以得出答案。‎ ‎5.答案D。主旨大意题。文章介绍了剧作家Arthur Miller和他最有名的作品Death of a Salesman《推销员之死》。‎ 阅读理解-----Passage three(Advertisers Perform a Useful Service to the Community) Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s iniquitous,’ they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…’ The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely ‎ from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement. Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine.  What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch, match and dispatch’ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ‘agony’ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is! 1.What is main idea of this passage? A.  Advertisement.   B.  The benefits of advertisement. C.  Advertisers perform a useful service to communities. D.  The costs of advertisement. ‎ ‎2.The attitude of the author toward advertisers is A.  appreciative. B.  trustworthy. C.  critical. D.  dissatisfactory. 3.Why do the critics criticize advertisers? A.  Because advertisers often brag. B.  Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”. C.  Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary. D.  Because customers pay more. 4.Which of the following is Not True? A.  Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything. B.  We can buy what we want. C.  Good quality products don’t need to be advertised. D.  Advertisement makes our life colorful. 5.The passage is A.  Narration. B.  Description. C.  Criticism. D.  Argumentation. Vocabulary come in for ( sth. )      是某事物的对象，吸引（某事物），获得 flair            天资，天分 iniquitous            极邪恶的，极不公正的 drab            单调的，乏味的 subsist            活下去，生存下去，维持下去 hatch            孵化（指生孩子） match            匹配，婚姻 ‎ dispatch            派遣，发送 agony            极大痛苦，煎熬 agony column      （报刊中关于个人疑难问题征询意见的）读者来信专栏 难句译注 Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. 【参考译文】广告商总是雄心勃勃（想得很大），也许这就是为什么他们老挨批评。 Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion. 【参考译文】他们的批评者似乎对他们很气愤，因为他们在自我抬高/标榜上很有天分。 No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offer such deep insight into human nature. 【参考译文】报纸任何其他栏目都难以提供如此有趣的文章，或提供对人性的内涵如此深刻的洞察。 It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is. 【参考译文】这是广告中最佳的广告。 写作方法与文章大意   文章以因果、对比的手法写出有没有广告的后果及广告的真正作用。文章首先指出广告商遭批评的原因：广告商夸大和人们认为广告浪费钱财、商品价格就搞；然后作者以有无广告的后果突出其功能，没有广告，商品价更高，生活单调、乏味。有了广告，商品价低，生活丰富多彩，人们获取各种信息。 答案详解 1.C. 广告对社会的服务很有用。作者从三方面来叙述广告作用：第二段点出如果广告不为产品开辟广大的市场，我们就得付出很多钱，正是因为大量的广告费用，消费者的商品才会那么便宜。广告除销售商品外，其重要的功能在通知/告诉信息，有关家用商品的许多只是来自广告，还有新产品的介绍。 第三段讲了美化环境功能。如果火车站的墙上和报上没有广告，那会怎么样。一幅悦人心目，机智的广告将改变一切。 ‎ 第四段讲了它为我们省钱：别忘了广告对我们口袋作出积极的贡献。报纸、电台、电视台公司没有这笔收入很难生存。我们的报纸，我们付给很少，或者说，我们能享受那么多的节目完全是因为广告商花的钱。如果要我们付报纸的全价，那我们要花多少钱！ 最后一段讲了各种专栏的功能。人们可以在这些栏目找工作、买卖房子、宣布婚丧嫁娶信息。这些都围着一个中心：广告对社会服务的有用性。 2.A. 广告。太笼统。B. 广告之优点。文章不是讲优点，而是讲服务于社会的功能。D. 广告费用。 3.A. 欣赏/赞赏。从上述注释也可推知是A项。最重要的，作者提出种种功能，是为了反驳第一段内提到的论点：完全是非生产企业每年吸收几百万镑，这说明这些大公司利润有多高。最重要的是消费者付的广告费等。反驳更说明了A项对。 B. 值得信任。 C. 批评。 D. 不满意。 A. 因为广告商常常爱吹，。见难句译注1.。 B. 因为批评者认为广告浪费钱。 C. 因为广告促使消费者购买不必要的东西。 D. 因为消费者支付更多。 4.C. 优质产品不需要广告。一切产品都需要广告，新产品、老产品都需要。 A. 广告对我们的口袋作出贡献。 B. 我们可以买到我们所需的。 D. 广告使我们生活丰富多彩。这三条都提到也是真实的。 5.C. 文章一开始就提到对广告的批评，然后作者以对比的手法说明其功能。 A. 叙事。B. 描写。 D. 议论。‎