高考过去分词用法复习 8页

过去分词与形容词作状语讲解与练习 ‎ 一、过去分词的特征 ‎ ‎1．及物动词的过去分词既表被动，也表完成。‎ The books, written by Lu Xun(=which were written by Lu Xun), are popular with many Chinese people．鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多国人的喜爱。‎ ‎2．不及物动词的过去分词只表完成，不表被动。‎ The boy is gathering fallen leaves(=leaves that have fallen)．小男孩正在收集落叶。‎ 二、过去分词的句法功能 ‎ 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。‎ ‎1．作表语。过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。‎ ‎ He is quite pleased with the design of the dress．他很喜欢那礼服的式样。(表示主语的心理感觉)‎ ‎ Don’t touch the glass because it is broken．不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。(表示主语所处的状态)‎ ‎ The shops have remained shut for a week．这些商店关门一周了。‎ ‎ 【点津】 过去分词作表语时，形式上和动词的被动语态结构相似， 但两者表达的意义不同。由过去分词作表语构成的系表结构强调主语的特点或所处的状态，构成被动语态的过去分词．则强调动作。‎ ‎ The book is well written．这本书写得很好。(系表结构，表示主语的特点)‎ The book was written by Lu Xun．这本书是鲁迅写的。 (被动结构，表示动作)‎ ‎2．作定语。单个过去分词作定语常放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语放在被修饰词的后面。‎ ‎ polluted water 被污染的水 ‎ a broken glass 一个被打破的玻璃杯 ‎ a trained nurse 一名训练有素的护士 ‎ the risen sun 升起了的太阳 ‎ We only sell used books in our bookstore． 我们书店只卖用过的书。‎ ‎ They bought a new machine made in Shanghai． 他们买了一台上海产的新机器。‎ ‎ 【点津】‎ ‎ (1) 有些单个的过去分词，像left (剩余的)．concerned (有关的)等，习惯上用作后置定语。‎ ‎ standing room left 所剩的立足之地 ‎ the people concerned 有关人士 ‎ (2) 过去分词修饰something，anything，everything， nothing，anybody，somebody，nobody，everybody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。‎ ‎ Those invited will be present at the meeting tomorrow．‎ ‎ 被邀请的那些人要出席明天的会议。(invited作those的定语需后置)‎ ‎3．作补足语 ‎。作宾补的过去分词一般都来自及物动词，和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的有：see，hear，watch，feel，think，find等表示感觉和心理状态的动词和have，make，get等使役动词，以及with的复合结构。‎ ‎ The boy found himself lost in the forest． 那个男孩发现自己在森林里迷路了。‎ ‎ When you are making a speech，you should speak louder to make yourself heard．‎ ‎ 在作报告时，你应该大点声使自己被人听清。‎ ‎ He sat there，with his hands tied behind．他坐在那里，手被捆在后面。‎ ‎ 【点津】 由主动语态变为被动语态后，原来的宾语补足语即成为主语补足语。‎ ‎ One of the glasses was found broken．有人发现其中一个杯子破了。‎ They should be kept informed of the situation there．应该让他们知道那儿的形势。‎ ‎4．作状语。过去分词作状语时与现在分词一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。‎ ‎(1) 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。‎ ‎ When completed．the museum will be open to the public next year.‎ ‎ 博物馆竣工后，明年将对大众开 ‎(2) 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。‎ ‎ Encouraged by the speech，the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle．‎ ‎ 受到了演讲的鼓舞，年轻人决定从事斗争。‎ ‎(3) 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。‎ ‎ Given another chance，he will do better．再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。‎ ‎(4) 表示让步，相当于一个though／although引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎ Laughed at by many people，he continued his study．‎ 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。‎ ‎(5) 表示方式或伴随情况。‎ ‎ The old man went into the room，supported by his wife．‎ 那个老人在他妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。‎ ‎【点津】‎ ‎(1) 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态。通常情况下，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，也就是说，过去分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系。‎ When asked why he came here，the boy kept silent．‎ 当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语。(过去分词asked与句子的主语the boy之间构成被动关系)‎ ‎(2) 动词的过去分词的一些固定结构也可在句中作状语，但不受后面句子的主语限制，也就是说，该过去分词不和主语构成被动关系。‎ Provided(that)there is no opposition，we shall hold the meeting there．‎ 如果没有人反对，我们将在那里开会。(provided在此充当连词，意为“如果，只要”，等于providing)‎ 三、充当形容词的现在分词和过去分词的区别 充当形容词的现在分词和过去分词在用法上有许多相似之处，它们的主要区别如下 ‎1．现在分词常用来修饰物，说明主语的性质或特征，意为“令人……”。‎ ‎ The news was really exciting．这消息真是令人激动。‎ ‎2．过去分词常用来修饰人，说明主语所处的状态，意为“感到……”。‎ ‎ She was too disappointed to say a word．她太失望了，说不出一句话。‎ ‎ 【点津】过去分词也可修饰与人直接有关的事物。如：expression, look, face等。‎ ‎ The boy looked up with a pleased expression．男孩抬起头，露出了欣喜的神情。‎ ‎●●考点例析 ‎◆◆ 考点一：过去分词作定语与不定式(to be done) 和现在分词(being done)作定语的区别。‎ ‎(1) 过去分词作定语表示一个被动或者完成的动作；‎ ‎(2) 不定式一般式的被动语态表示一个将要被做的动作；‎ ‎(3) 现在分词一般式的被动语态表示一个正在被做的动作。‎ 试比较：‎ a bridge built last year 一座去年修建的大桥 a bridge to be built next year 一座下一年将要修建的大桥 a bridge being built now 一座正在修建的大桥 ‎◆◆ 考点二：在with复合结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语与其他非谓语动词作补足语的区别。‎ ‎ 在with复合结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语之间被动和完成的关系；现在分词与宾语时主动关系；而不定式表示将来发生的动作。‎ ◆ ‎◆ 考点三：系动词后接过去分词作表语的用法表状态的系动词如remain等后接过去分词作表语的用法由过去分词作表语构成的系表结构强调主语的特点和所处的状态，此时过去分词已形容词化。高考中常考查remain后接过去分词作表语的用法。‎ 基础题训练与高考题精练 一、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空 ‎1. The experience ___________ (gain) will be of great value for us.‎ ‎2. He continued to walk up and down，___________ (lost) in thought．‎ ‎3. We are also learning that truthful information，humanely(仁慈地) ___________ (convey)，helps patients cope with illness．‎ ‎4. With the problem___________ (solve)，the meeting came to an end.‎ ‎5. Everything ___________ (consider), it is possible for their factory to raise the output quickly．‎ ‎6. On these questions，we have made our views ___________ (understand)．‎ ‎7. When ___________ (turn) on，the radio still does not work．‎ ‎8. Once___________ (recover)，he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.‎ ‎9. ___________ (see) his mother，the baby burst into laughter．‎ ‎10. Returning home，the woman found all the windows ___________ (break)．‎ 二、过去分词高考题 ‎1. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海)‎ A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded ‎2. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases______ only to people with specific knowledge. (02上海)‎ A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known ‎3. A man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder last night.（04江苏）‎ ‎ A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted ‎4. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses ______ vacation to China. (05北京) ‎ A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid ‎5. There have been several new events ________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. （2006北京卷）‎ ‎ A. add B. to add C. adding D. added ‎6 Five people won the “China’s Green Figure’ award, a title ____ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. （2006山东卷）‎ ‎ A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given ‎7. “Things ______ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.（07湖南卷）‎ ‎ A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost ‎8. The first textbooks_____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. ‎ ‎ A. having written B. to be written C. being written D.written (1994)‎ ‎9. The trees __________ in the storm have been moved off the road. （08湖南卷）‎ ‎   A. being blown down  B. blown down C. blowing down  D. to blow down ‎10. The players ______ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. ‎ A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected (11湖南)‎ ‎11. We finished the run in less than half the time ________.（08江西卷）‎ A. allowing          B. to allow   C. allowed       D. allows ‎12. It is one of the funniest things ___________ on the Internet so far this year. （08浙江卷）‎ ‎ A. finding     B. being found       C. to find      D. found ‎13. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ____ . （05湖北卷）‎ A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending ‎14. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ?（09全国卷I）‎ A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take ‎ ‎15. I'm calling to enquire about the position ______ in yesterday's China Daily.‎ A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised ‎ ‎16. The murderer was brought in, with his hands__________ behind his back. (91)‎ A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied ‎17. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see______ the next year. (2000)‎ A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out ‎ ‎18. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period. [2007 福建卷]‎ A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve ‎19. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words. （2011浙江卷）‎ A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost ‎20. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.（2011重庆卷）‎ A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind ‎21. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _______ with her stories. ‎ ‎   A. amused          B. amusing         C. to amuse           D. to be amused （10上海）‎ ‎22. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents . ‎ A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry （04重庆）‎ ‎23. The research is so designed that once______ nothing can be done to change it. (2002广东)‎ A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun ‎24. ____________ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. (1984)‎ A. Followed B. Followed by ‎ C. Being followed D. Having been followed by ‎25. When first______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. （04全国II） ‎ ‎ A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced ‎26. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _______ at the meeting by my boss. （04全国IV）‎ ‎ A. questioning B. have questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned ‎27. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect. (2003上海)‎ A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken ‎28. with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.（04湖北）‎ A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared ‎ ‎29. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. （05湖北卷）‎ A. Being separated B. Having separated ‎ C. Having been separated D. To be separated ‎30. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（05湖南卷） ‎ A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed ‎31. ______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. （05上海卷）‎ A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put ‎32. ______for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.（06福建）‎ A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed ‎33. ______ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green house.（07浙江卷）‎ ‎ A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven ‎34. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York‎ ‎Park hotel is a favorite with many guests. (08上海卷) ‎ A. locating    B. being located   C. having been located   D. located ‎35. _________ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. （09江西卷22）‎ ‎ A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given ‎36. ________with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. (05北京春)‎ A. To face  B. Having faced  C. Faced D. Facing ‎37. ________ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.（09福建）‎ ‎ A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded ‎38. No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. （2006广东卷）‎ A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed ‎39. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _________ at the end of last March. (07山东)‎ ‎ A. has been launched B. having been launched ‎ C. being launched D. to be launched ‎40. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day.（07重庆） ‎ A. finishing  B. finished C. had finished   D. were finished ‎41. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.(2010)‎ A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck ‎ ‎ ‎ Keys: 1-5 ADCBD 6-10 CADBC 11-15 CDBCA 16-20 DCABC ‎ ‎21-25 AADBB 26-30 CBDCA 31-35 ABADD 36-41 CBABBB 形容词作状语 ‎ 形容词除了可以作定语、表语或补语外，还可以在句中作状语，具有副词的功能。形容词作状语用时，一般用逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开。这种状语可位于句首、句末或句中。它在意义上相当于一个状语从句，具有以下语义和特征。‎ 一、形容词或形容词短语可以作状语，表示行为方式或伴随状况。有时，它会像非限制性定语从句一样，表示意义上的增补，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。例如：‎ ‎1. Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear. （＝Crusoe, who was full of fear, stared at the footprint. ）克鲁索两眼死盯着脚印看，内心里充满着恐惧。‎ ‎2. He approached us, full of apologies. （＝He, who was full of apologies, approached us. ）‎ 他连声道歉地朝我们走过来。‎ 二、形容词或形容词短语可以作状语，表示原因。这种状语一般位于句首，有时也可位于句中。它可看作是being现在分词短语作状语。例如：‎ ‎1. Angry at the girl oversleeping, Mr. Green went down to wake her up. （＝Mr Green went down to wake up the girl because he was angry with her for oversleeping.）格林先生下去叫醒她，是因为她睡过了头惹恼了他。‎ ‎2. Lin Tao, glad to accept the suggestion, nodded his agreement. （＝Because he was glad to accept the suggestion, Lin Tao nodded his agreement.）因为林涛很乐意接受这个建议，所以他就点头同意了。‎ ‎3. (Being) Poor，he couldn't send his son to school. 因为贫穷，他不能送儿子上学。‎ 三、形容词或形容词短语可以作状语，表示时间或条件。这种状语常位于句首，也可位于句末。例如：‎ ‎1. Ripe, these apples are sweet. （＝When / If these apples are ripe, they are sweet. ）‎ 这些苹果熟了，味道很甜。‎ ‎2. Enthusiastic, they are quite cooperative. （＝When / If they are enthusiastic, they are cooperative. ）他们热心时是很愿意合作的。‎ 四、形容词或形容词短语可以作让步状语。这种状语常由连词or连接的两个或两个以上的并列形容词构成，一般位于句首，有时也可位于句中。例如：‎ ‎1. Right or wrong, he always comes off worst in an argument because of his inability to speak coherently. （＝Whether he is right or wrong, he always comes off worst because of his inability to speak coherently. ）由于讲话语无伦次，所以不论有理没理，他在辩论中的表现总是非常糟糕。‎ ‎2. Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park. （= Whether it was wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.）不管是晴天还是下雨天，他总是六点钟起床，‎ 并到公园里散散步。‎ 五、形容词或形容词短语可以作状语，表示结果或存在的状态。这种状语在句中的位置很灵活。例如：‎ ‎1. For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened. ‎ 她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。‎ ‎2. One woman was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing wind. ‎ 有一个女人躺在床上，毫无睡意，静听那疾驰而过的大风。‎ ‎3. He returned from war, safe and sound.——他安然无恙地从战争中归来。‎ 六、形容词或形容词短语可以在句首作状语，表示说话人的态度。例如：‎ ‎1. Strange, he should have done such a thing. 奇怪，他做了这样一件事。‎ ‎2. Worse still, the lion could even carry off the baby it its mouth. ‎ 更糟糕的是，狮子甚至能把婴儿叼走。‎ ‎3. Even more important, he is in charge of the project. 更重要的是，他负责这项工程。‎ ‎【注意】形容词作状语，逻辑主语通常是句中主语，但有时也可以是句中宾语。如： George glared at his boy now naughty. 乔治怒目注视着正淘气的儿子。‎ ‎ We don’t eat vegetables raw. (=When vegetables are raw, we don’t eat them.) ‎ 我们不生吃蔬菜。‎ ‎【高考真题】‎ ‎1. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, ______. （04上海春季）‎ A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted ‎2. _______ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. ‎ A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing (05江苏)‎ ‎3. ______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.（2006全国（1、2））‎ A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising ‎4. Though _________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. （10全国Ⅱ11）‎ A. surprising B. as surprised C. surprised D being surprised ‎ ‎5. _____and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of ‎Mount‎ ‎Tai.（09浙江卷）‎ A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired ‎6. Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. ‎ ‎ A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired （09湖南卷21）‎ ‎7. _________, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. (10安徽)‎ A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtful C. Honest and confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic Keys: 1-5 BBBCB 6-7 CD