高考英语热点动词十五类 12页

新课标高考英语热点动词十五类 ‎ 动词是英语中最活跃的词类，是句子的核心成分。此外，英语动词的变化较多，形式颇为复杂，是英语学习的难点之一。历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点，在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。我们通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析，归纳常考动词十五类，供大家参考。‎ 一、连系动词类 连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下3种： ‎ ‎ 1．变化类表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall等。‎ ‎ 2．感觉类表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound appear, seem, look等。‎ ‎ 3．状态类表事物所处的状态，如keep, come, run, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove等。‎ ‎ 连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个（如feel, get, become, grow等）外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如：‎ ‎ The mixture is tasted terrible.（误）‎ ‎ The mixture tastes terrible（正）‎ ‎ 【高考例题】‎ ‎(1) ---Do you like the material? ---Yes, it ____ very soft. (NMET94) ‎ ‎（西安分卷3）‎ ‎ A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt ‎ (2) Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days. (NMET 03)‎ ‎ A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed ‎ (3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing. (04春季高考上海卷）‎ ‎ A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating ‎ ‎ (4) Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ____ run over by a car. (02高考北京卷）‎ ‎ A. have B. get C. become D. turn ‎ (5) Happy birthday, Alice. So you have ____ twenty-one already. (04天津卷）‎ ‎ A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed ‎ (6) Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can't have time to ____ before the party. (04全国卷II)‎ ‎ A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change ‎ (7) 0n hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she ____ pale. (04湖北卷）‎ ‎ A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared ‎ (8 )The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (04上海卷）‎ ‎ A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt ‎ (9) Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health ____ poor. (02春上海卷）‎ A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. continues ‎ (10) I love to go to the seaside in summer. It ____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.‎ ‎ A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes 二、感官动词类 ‎ 常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。‎ ‎ 1．后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。‎ ‎ I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it.‎ ‎ When you go to watch the football watch, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win.‎ ‎ 2．后接V-ing形式表伴随的动作。‎ ‎ Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.‎ ‎ Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.‎ ‎ 3．后接V-ed形式表被动意义。‎ ‎ After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed.‎ ‎ Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.‎ ‎ 【高考例题】‎ ‎ (1) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year. (NMET 2000)‎ ‎ A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out ‎ (2) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen. ( NMET 03)‎ ‎ A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked ‎ (3) The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river.‎ ‎ A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play ‎ (4) The salesman scolded the girl who was caught ____‎ ‎ and let her off. (NMET93)‎ ‎ A. to have stolen B. to be stealing ‎ C .to steal D. stealing ‎ (5) He looked around and caught a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.‎ ‎ A. put B. to be putting ‎ C. to put D. putting (04春北京卷）‎ ‎ 三、使役动词类 ‎ 表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况：‎ ‎ 1. make, let have等后接不带to的不定式，表“使／让某人／某物做某事”。‎ ‎ Don't make him do it if he doesn't want to.‎ ‎ If you have any problems, just let me know.‎ ‎ 在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中.‎ ‎ He was made to apologize to the guest.‎ ‎ 2. have, keep, leave, send, set, get等后接V-ing形式，表持续性动作。‎ ‎ I'm sorry to keep you waiting for so long.‎ ‎ Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?‎ ‎ 3. have, keep, leave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义。‎ ‎ He didn't keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repaired.‎ ‎ I'll keep you informed as soon as I have the news.‎ ‎ 【高考例题】‎ ‎ （1)Don't leave the water＿while you brush your teeth. (04天津卷）‎ ‎ A. run B. running C. being run D. to run ‎ (2)Laws that punish parents for their children's actions against the laws get parents＿．(04重庆卷）‎ ‎ A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry ‎ (3) ---Why did you go back to the shop?‎ ‎ ---I left my friend ____ there. (03春安徽内蒙古卷）‎ ‎ A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits ‎ (4) It was so cold that they kept the fire ____ all night. (NMET91)‎ ‎ A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned ‎ (5) ---Good morning, can I help you?‎ ‎ ---I'd like to have this package ____，madam.‎ ‎ A. be weighed B. weighing ‎ C. weighed D. to weigh (NMET89)‎ ‎ (6) The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ____．(NMET91)‎ ‎ A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard ‎ (7) As you have never been there before, I'll have someone ____ you the way. (94上海卷）‎ ‎ A. show B. to show C. showing D. showed ‎ (8) Paul doesn't have to be made ____．He always works hard. (NMET95)‎ ‎ A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning ‎ (9) A computer can do only what thinking people ______．(99上海卷）‎ ‎ A. have it do B. have it done ‎ C. have done it D. having it done ‎ (10) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong. (98年上海卷）‎ ‎ A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 四、含情感色彩的动词 ‎ 这类动词有excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有V-ing和V-ed两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，V-俄ed形式指人，V-ing形式则指事物。‎ ‎ The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears.‎ ‎ What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it.‎ ‎ Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.‎ ‎ 【高考例题】‎ ‎ (1) Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does ____ his boss. (2000春北京安徽内蒙古卷）‎ ‎ A. serves B. satisfies C. promises D. supports ‎ (2) ---I'm very ____ with my own cooking. It looks nice smells delicious.‎ ‎ ---Mm, it does have a ____ smell. (02春NMET )‎ ‎ A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased ‎ C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant ‎ (3) Mr. Smith, ____ of the ____ speech, started to read a novel. (03春北京卷）‎ ‎ A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored ‎ C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring ‎ (4) It is believed that if a book is____, it will surely ____ the reader. (03上海聋）‎ ‎ A. interested; interest B. interesting；be interested ‎ C. interested；be interesting D. interesting; interest ‎ (5) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home ____.(04春上海卷）‎ ‎ A. being exhausted B. exhausted ‎ C. exhausting D. having exhausted 五、后接不定式动词类 ‎ afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn, offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。‎ ‎ Thank you for offering to help, but I can manage myself.‎ ‎ He learned to ride a bicycle when he was a small boy.‎ ‎ 【高考例题】‎ ‎ (1) We agreed＿here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. (NMET95)‎ ‎ A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met ‎ (2) Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening. (NMET92)‎ ‎ A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking ‎ (3) I don't know whether you happen＿，but I'm going to study in the U S A this September. (04辽宁卷）‎ ‎ A. to be heard B. to be hearing ‎ C. to hear D. to have heard ‎ (4) She pretended＿me when I passed by. (NMET89)‎ ‎ A. not to see B. not seeing ‎ C. to not see D. having not seen ‎ (5) Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ____ everything. (01高考上海卷）‎ ‎ A. to tell B. to be told ‎ C. to be telling D. to have been told 六、后接V-ing形式动词类 ‎ 该类动词常考的有appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep， mind, miss, practise, postpone, resist, risk,' stand, suggest 等。这些动词须接V-ing形式作宾语。例如；‎ ‎ I don't mind waiting, but I've got to stand in the cold wind.‎ ‎ Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?‎ ‎ Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English.‎ ‎ 【高考例题】‎ ‎ （1) I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon.‎ ‎ A. you to call B. you call ‎ C. your calling D. you're calling ‎ (2) While shopping, people sometimes can't help ____ into buying something they don't really need. (96年上海卷）‎ ‎ A. to persuade B. persuading ‎ C. being persuaded D. be persuaded ‎ (3) He has always insisted on his ____ Dr. turner instead of Mr. Turner. (92上海卷）‎ ‎ A. been called B. called ‎ C. being called D. having called ‎ (4) I really appreciate ____ to relax with you on this nice island. (04年上海卷）‎ ‎ A. to have had time B. having time ‎ C. to have time D. to having time ‎ (5) Do you mind＿alone at home? (94年上海卷）‎ ‎ A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left ‎ C. Jane's being left D. Jane to be left ‎ (6) I can hardly imagine Peter ____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (NMET91)‎ ‎ A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed ‎ 七、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类 ‎ remember, try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, can't help等后接不定式与V-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。见下表：‎ 动词 接动名词作宾语 接不定式作宾语 Remember ‎ 过去发生的动作 ‎ 将来的动作 try ‎ 尝试做某事 ‎ 努力做某事 regret ‎ 对做过的事表示后悔 ‎ 对要做的事表示遗憾 mean ‎ 意味着做某事 ‎ 企图（打算）做某事 can't help ‎ 禁不住做某事 ‎ 不能帮助做某事 go on ‎ 继续做未完成的事情 ‎ 做完一件事后，接着做另一件事 forget ‎ 忘记以前曾做过某事 ‎ 忘记做某事 stop ‎ 中断正在做的事情 ‎ 中断正在做的事去做别的事 ‎ 例如：‎ ‎ I remember being pad, but I've forgotten the exact amount.‎ ‎ Please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me.‎ ‎ I don't really mean to work here, which means leaving the job soon afterwards.‎ ‎ 【高考例题】‎ ‎ （1）---The light in the office is still on. (NMET91)‎ ‎ ---Oh, I forgot ______.‎ ‎ A. turning it off B. turn it off ‎ C. to turn it off D. having turned it off ‎ (2) ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. (NMET95)‎ ‎ ---Well, now I regret ______ that.‎ ‎ A. to do B. to be doing ‎ C. to have done D. having done ‎ (3) She can't help＿the house because she's busy making a cake. (97上海卷）‎ ‎ A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned ‎ (4) ---1 usually go there by train. (NMET92)‎ ‎ ---Why not _____ by boat for a change?‎ ‎ A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going ‎ (5) ---Let me tell you something about the journalfists.‎ ‎ ---Don't you remember＿me the story yesterday? (99年高考上海卷）‎ ‎ A. told B. telling C .to tell D. to have told ‎ (6) The library needs ____, but I'll have to wait until Sunday. (NMET92)‎ ‎ A. cleaning B. be cleaned ‎ C. being cleaned D. clean ‎ (7) 1n some parts of London, missing a bus means ____ for another hour. (02春上海卷）‎ ‎ A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting ‎ (8) She reached the top of the hill and stopped ____ on a big rock by the side of the path. (NMET90)‎ ‎ A. resting B. to have rested C. rested D. to rest ‎ (9) Go on ____ the other exercise after you have finished this one. (NMET89)‎ ‎ A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing ‎ （Key: BDADB RADA)‎ 八、进行时态表将来意义动词类 ‎ 这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go,come, start, arrive, take, leave, move等。例如：‎ ‎ When are going off to for Shanghai?‎ ‎ Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month.‎ ‎ 【高考例题】‎ ‎ (1) I've won a holiday for two to Florida. I ____ my mum. (01春NMET)‎ ‎ A. am taking B. have taken ‎ C. take D. will have taken ‎ (2) ---What were you doing when he came to see you? (89上海卷）‎ ‎ ---I had just put on my overcoat and _____ visit a friend.‎ ‎ A. leaving B. was left C. left D .was leaving ‎ (3) ---What were you doing when Tony phoned you？‎ ‎ ---I had just finished my work and _____ to take a shower. (04天津卷）‎ ‎ A. had started B. started ‎ C. have started D. was starting ‎ 九、主动表被动动词类 ‎ 英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况：‎ ‎ 1．某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词＋副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。‎ ‎ This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.‎ ‎ The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.‎ ‎ Written in simple English, this article reads easily.‎ ‎ 2．某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open（打开，营业），close（关门），shut（关闭），cut（切割），weigh重), act（上演）等。‎ ‎ The door won't shut.‎ ‎ This shop opens much earlier than it used to.‎ ‎ Each stone weighs 2 tons.‎ ‎ 3．某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版），come up（出现），come into being（产生）come to one's mind想起），turn out（证明是），come about（发生），break out姆发），belong to (属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。‎ ‎ The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.‎ ‎ Suddenly an idea came to his mind.‎ ‎ It never occurred to me to phone you.‎ ‎ 【高考例题】‎ ‎ (1) The evening news comes on at seven o'clock and ____ only thirty minutes. (04全国卷II)‎ ‎ A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts ‎ (2) ---Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard? (02北京卷）‎ ‎ ---No, dear. They don't _____ well. Put them in the fridge instead.‎ ‎ A. keep B. fit C. get D. last ‎ (3) Books of this kind _____ well.（99上海卷）‎ ‎ A. sell B. sells C. are sold D .is sold ‎ 十、虚拟语气动词类 ‎ insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“(should)＋动词原形”。‎ ‎ The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.‎ ‎ The rule requires that everyone, young or old, man or women, have his car checked once a year.‎ ‎ 【高考例题】‎ ‎ (1) ---How do you _____ we go to Beijing for our holidays.‎ ‎ ---I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable. (04福建卷）‎ ‎ A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest ‎ (2) Jane's pale face suggested that she _____ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ a medical examination. (94上海卷）‎ ‎ A. be; should have B. was; have ‎ C. should be; had D. was; has ‎ (3) _____ sent to work here? (02上海卷）‎ ‎ A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should ‎ C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should ‎ 十一、省略替代类 ‎ believe, think, suppose, guess, hope, expect, imagine, would like/ love, be afraid等动词用于简略回答中，后接so来替代肯定分句，用not来替代否定分句。或接to来替代前面内容相同的不定式，表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。例如：‎ ‎ ---Do you think Norman would have lent me his car I had asked him to?‎ ‎ ---Yes, I ,think so.‎ ‎ ---Will you be able to come to my birthday party?‎ ‎ ---I'd love to, but I'm too busy.‎ ‎ 注意：believe, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答时，既可以说I believe (think, suppose guess) not，也可以说I don't believe (think, suppose guess) so，但用hope, expect, be afraid作否定回答时，只能说I hope (expect) not以及I'm afraid not,‎ ‎ 【高考例题】‎ ‎ (1) ---I believe we've met somewhere before. ‎ ‎ (2000春季北京、安徽、内蒙古卷）‎ ‎ ---No, ______.‎ ‎ A. it isn't the same B. it can't be true ‎ C. I don't think so D. I'd rather not ‎ (2) ---The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? (03春北京卷）‎ ‎ ---________.‎ A. I guess not so B. I don't guess ‎ C. I don't guess it D. I guess not ‎ (3) ---Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?‎ ‎ ---______. (NMET94)‎ ‎ A. I don't believe B. I don't believe it ‎ C. I believe not so D. I believe not ‎ 十二、否定转移类 ‎ think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句若为否定结构，常将否定词not前移到主句中。‎ ‎ I don't think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory work.‎ ‎ He doesn't think Tom will make an excellent player.‎ ‎ 当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句，后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保持一致，否则与主句保持一致。例如：‎ ‎ I don't think there is anything else I need, is there?‎ ‎ He doesn't believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself, does he?‎ ‎ 【高考例题】‎ ‎ (1) I don't suppose anyone will volunteer, _____？ (01上海卷）‎ ‎ A. do I B. don't I C. will they D. won't they ‎ (2) Mrs. Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera,____？(02上海卷）‎ ‎ A. is he B. isn't he C. doesn't she D. does she ‎ 十三、带介词t0的动词短语类 ‎ 这类短语有be (get) used to, lead to, devote…to, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, there is no end to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用V-ing形式。例如：‎ ‎ I've got used to driving in all kinds of weather.‎ ‎ As soon as she returned home from abroad, she got down to preparing supper for children.‎ ‎ 注意区分介词to与不定式符号to a ‎ He used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on the left. (used to表“过去常常”,to为不定式符号，be used to 表“习惯于”,to为介词）‎ ‎ I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.〔look forward ‎ to意思是“盼望，期待”，to为介词。）‎ ‎ He looked forward to see what was happening. (look forward意为“向前看”，to see是不定式作目的状语。）‎ ‎ 【高考例题】‎ ‎ (1) Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____ some schools for poor children. (01上海卷）‎ ‎ A. set up B. setting up ‎ C. have set up D. having set up ‎ (2) The discovery of new evidence led to _____. (03上海卷）‎ ‎ A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief ‎ C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught ‎ (3) She looks forward every spring to _____ the flower-lined garden. (94上海卷）‎ ‎ A. visit B. paying a visit C. walking D. walking in 十四、瞬间（非延续性动词）类 ‎ 这类动词常考的有go, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, marry, employ, graduate等。瞬间（非延续性动词）表短暂性的动作，因此不可与表“段时间”的for/ since短语或since从句连用。例如：‎ ‎ He has come here for three years.（误）‎ ‎ He has been here for three years.（正）‎ ‎ It is three years since he came here.（正）‎ ‎ 【高考例题】‎ ‎ (1) It's ten years since the scientist _____ his life's work of discovering the valuable chemical. (04江苏卷）‎ ‎ A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up ‎ ‎ (2) My uncle ____ until he was forty-five. (2000高考上海卷）‎ ‎ A. married B. didn't married ‎ C. was not marrying D. would marry ‎ (3) ---_____ David and Vicky _____ married? (03北京卷）‎ ‎ ---For about three years.‎ ‎ A. How long were; being B. How long have; got ‎ C. How long have; been D. How long did; get ‎ (4) ---How long ______ at this job? (03春北京卷）‎ ‎ ---Since 1990.‎ ‎ A. were you employed B. have you been employed ‎ C. had you been employed D. will you be employed ‎ (5) When Jack arrived he learned Mary ____ for almost an hour. (NMET92)‎ ‎ A. had gone B. had set off ‎ C. had left D. had been away ‎ (6) They _____ friends since they met in Shanghai. (NMET89)‎ ‎ A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned 十五、计划未能实现类 ‎ intend, mean, hope, wish, plan, expect, think, want, suppose等动词用于过去时态，可表示过去未能实现的愿望、想法、打算等。‎ ‎ 1．该类动词用于过去完成时后接不定式或宾语从句。‎ ‎ I had never thought you would bring me such a nice gift.‎ ‎ I had panned to call on you, but I was too busy to get away.‎ ‎ 2．该类动词用于一般过去时后接不定式的完成式或一般式。‎ ‎ I'd like to have arrive on time, but I was caught on the traffic jam.‎ ‎ 【高考例题】‎ ‎ (1) ---You should have thanked her before you left.‎ ‎---I meant _____, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. (2000春上海卷）‎ ‎ A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so ‎ (2) ---Why haven't you bought any butter? (01春北京安徽内蒙古卷）‎ ‎ ---I ____ to but I forgot about it.‎ ‎ A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected ‎ (3) I would love _____ the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (NMET97)‎ ‎ A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone ‎ (4) ---Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?‎ ‎ ---I _____, but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET97)‎ ‎ A. had B. would C. was going to D. did