2020版高考英语阅读理解一轮练题（6）（含解析） 10页

‎2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮练题（6）‎ 李仕才 A Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.‎ Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, you’re more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.‎ Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience's emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.‎ Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.‎ Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.‎ ‎1.What is the purpose of persuasion?‎ A. To advise somebody to support you.‎ B. To help someone have special skill C. To convince somebody to realize his aim.‎ D. To talk someone into being honest.‎ ‎2.What is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience to trust him?‎ A. Pathos. B. Ethos. ‎ 10‎ C. Logos. D. Education.‎ ‎3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?‎ A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.‎ B. Both save people from terrible wars.‎ C. Both make the audience support them.‎ D. Both persuade people to donate money.‎ ‎4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A. Convince the Audience B. Three Basic Tools of Persuasion C. Believe Me D. Strength of Persuasion ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术，其中包括ethos、pathos、logos三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知，说服是为了建议人们支持你。故选A。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war.”和最后一句“Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.”可知，政治家可能会说他会独自一人从可拍的战争中挽救一个国家为了说服观众为他投票，动物慈善机构向观众展示受伤的猫或者狗的图片是为了让观众感到可怜，更可能捐款。因此可知，政治家和慈善机构的共同之处是他们都想让听众支持他们。故选C。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】标题判断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了说服人的艺术，包括ethos、pathos、logos三中不同的方式，以及这三种方式在各个领域应用的可能性。因此推断B项“说服的三种基本方式”为最佳标题，概况了文章中心主旨。故选B。‎ 10‎ B ‎(2017·山西太原模拟一)‎ Junot Diaz,The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao The winner in Culture critics’ survey is Junot Diaz’s first novel,about a bookworm called Oscar,who dreams of finding love.It also was named as the number-one book by most critics.“It is a big deal for me to fall in love with a book whose topic is science fiction,fantasy and imagination,” says Elizabeth Taylor,the Chicago Tribune’s literary editor.‎ Edward P.Jones,The Known World Set in 1855 on the plantation of Henry Townsend—born a slave,now a slave-owner—The Known World is a success,leading readers into a complex moral time without making simple judgments.Facing an early death,Townsend thinks about the future of his 50-acre Virginia plantation and the slaves he treats the way his former owner,now his teacher,taught him.‎ Hilary Mantel,Wolf Hall Mantel’s boldly reimagined legend of 16th Century Europe,told from the point of Thomas Cromwell,winning the Man Booker and National Book Critics Circle awards,was 10‎ ‎ adapted to the stage and has been filmed as a new BBC miniseries(短剧).Mary Ann Gwinn,Seattle Times book editor writes,“I have never felt so completely buried into a character’s mind,not to mention a long ago and far-away place.”‎ Marilynne Robinson,‎Gilead Rev John Ames,a small town minister,describes his life and anti-slavery tradition to his young son in beautiful language in this first part of Robinson’s trilogy(along with Home and Lila).“ I can’t think of a living novelist who writes more seriously and profoundly about religious faith,which has become an almost forbidden topic in modern literature,” writes Dawn Raffel,who ranked Gilead first on her list.Critic Karen R.Long says,“ This multi-generational story tells a desire for transcendence(超越),and makes a case for spiritual life in the 21st century—its own kind of miracle.Gilead will be read in 100 years.”‎ ‎1.What can we learn from the passage?‎ A.Oscar likes reading books.　‎ B.Townsend worked in a church.‎ C.Rev John Ames likes farming.　‎ D.Thomas Cromwell won an Oscar Award.‎ ‎2.What does Mary Ann Gwinn think of the book “Wolf Hall”?‎ A.She thinks it’s too dull.　‎ B.She doesn’t like the character in the book.‎ C.She thinks it’s fascinating.　‎ D.She doesn’t like some contents in the book.‎ ‎3.Which of the following books will have a far-reaching influence in the future?‎ A.Gilead.‎ B.Wolf Hall.‎ C.The Known World.‎ 10‎ D.The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao.‎ ‎1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的a bookworm called Oscar 以及第三句“It is a big deal for me to fall in love with a book whose topic is science fiction,fantasy and imagination...”可知 Oscar 是书虫,热爰读书。‎ ‎2.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I have never felt so completely buried into a character’s mind,not to mention a long ago and far-away place.”可知,Mary Ann Gwinn认为自己从来没有如此沉迷于一本书,可知她认为这本书是很吸引人的。‎ ‎3.A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知这本书将会在未来的100年中继续被阅读,所以此书对未来有深远的影响。‎ C More over smart phone, the intelligent watch is about to take your spot as the latest hitech current, allowing wearers to glance at messages and even take calls without touching their phones. The i'm Watch, available since 2011, is the flagship product of an Italian company—i'm. This smart watch is an assist to the smart phone, with which it can communicate by Bluetooth wireless technology. It means you can leave your phone in your pocket as you answer or reject a call, review emails or read updates from friends on Twitter or Facebook.‎ The i'm Watch also has its own applications, such as i'm Sport, which links with a heart rate detector (检测器) to allow a runner to check his pulse. Such functions already exist in specialized sports watches but not on watches that are linked to smart phones.‎ With a square shape, a 3.8centimeter touch screen and various colors, the i'm Watch sells for a minimum of 300 Euros ($390) for the basic model and prices climb to 16 000 Euros for a luxury model in silver or decorated with diamonds.‎ So far, the watch has already found 30 000 buyers, 80 percent of whom are men aged 25 to 50. “Seventy percent are iPhone users, 25 percent Samsung and the rest are other telephones using Google's Android operating system，” said Massimiliano Bertolini, a manager of the company, which aims to sell more than 200 000 watches this year. The company's target market is the person who is always glued to his smart phone, even in meetings or at the movies, or people who wish to keep an eye on their heartbeat during exercise. They will especially target women with advertisements emphasizing its design rather than its technology.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款最新的智能手表。‎ 10‎ ‎1．The text is meant to ________.‎ A．advertise a handheld device B．show an example of hightech C．introduce a new type of watch D．compare the phone with the watch 答案：C　写作意图题。根据文章第一段第一句“More over smart phone, the intelligent watch is about to take your spot as the latest hitech current...”和对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要介绍最新的科技产品：智能手表，故答案C符合文义。‎ ‎2．Which of the following best describes the i'm Watch?‎ A．Economical. B．Typical.‎ C．Multifunctional. D．Traditional.‎ 答案：C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后两句“This smart watch is an assist to the smart phone... review emails or read updates from friends on Twitter or Facebook.”可推知，文中介绍的智能手表是多功能的，故答案C符合文义。‎ ‎3．Why is the i'm Watch superior to other specialized sports watches?‎ A．It provides a better service.‎ B．It is linked to smart phones.‎ C．It has a heart rate detector.‎ D．It owns fancy appearance.‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Such functions already exist in specialized sports watches but not on watches that are linked to smart phones.”可知，答案B符合文义。‎ ‎4．Which group of people may be attracted by the i'm Watch?‎ A．Sports lovers having smart phones.‎ B．Women preferring advertisements.‎ C．People using Android system.‎ D．iPhone users seeking convenience.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“Seventy percent are iPhone users...”可知，答案D符合文义。‎ ‎5．What can we learn about the i'm Watch according to the text?‎ A．It can control a runner's pulse.‎ B．It has a wide range of prices.‎ C．It can replace the smart phones.‎ D．It is popular among teenagers.‎ 10‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“a minimum of 300 Euros... to 16 000 Euros... with diamonds.”可推知，根据i'm Watch这款智能表的款式和材质不同，它的售价有很大的范围，故答案B符合文义。‎ D ‎(2017·福建福州适应性练习)‎ No human has set foot on the Moon since 1972.Now,after more than four decades of inactivity,interest in putting humans back on the Moon is finally heating up again.But who will get there first?‎ CHINA On 14 December,2013,China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover (探测车)on the Moon.It is now working on its next exploration mission.Named Chang’e 4,the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018.If successful,it will be the first landing on the Moon’s far side.‎ RUSSIA Russia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030.It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon,exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站).‎ INDIA Following the success of its Chandrayaan‎-1 in 2008,India announced a follow-on mission.Chandrayaan-2 was meant to cooperate with Russia.But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013,India decided to go it alone.Chandrayaan-2 is about to be sent up in 2018.‎ The ‎USA In December 2018,NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1,an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon before ‎ 10‎ returning to the Earth.All being well,a crewed capsule will follow in 2023.Should the mission prove a success,the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo ‎17 in 1972.‎ ‎1.What will China do in its next space mission?‎ A.Improve its Jade Rabbit rover.‎ B.Work with other countries.‎ C.Land Chang’e 4 on the Moon.‎ D.Explore the south pole of the Moon.‎ ‎2.Why did India try to carry out its follow-on mission alone?‎ A.It couldn’t find a partner.‎ B.It didn’t get the lander as planned.‎ C.The Russians refused to work with India.‎ D.It planned to launch Chandrayaan‎-2 in advance.‎ ‎3.Which country is interested in resources on the Moon?‎ A.Russia.　　　　　　　　‎ B.China.‎ C.India. ‎ D.The US A.‎ ‎4.What can we know from the text?‎ A.Russia has built a human outpost on the Moon.‎ B.China will be the first to see the far side of the Moon.‎ C.The USA will send a crewed capsule to the Moon in the future.‎ D.Humans have kept active in exploring the Moon since 1972.‎ ‎1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,嫦娥四号将在2018年底降落在月球Aitken Basin地区。据此可知,中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月,故C项正确。‎ ‎2.B　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知,由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器,故印度决定自己实施登月计划,故B项正确。‎ ‎3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程,其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极,寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故A项正确。‎ ‎4.C　推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“All being well,a crewed capsule will follow in 10‎ ‎ 2023.”可知,如果一切顺利,美国将于2023年发送载人太空舱登月,据此可知,美国将在未来实施载人登月计划,故C项正确。‎ E Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.‎ Proper nutrition (营养) is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”.Don’t eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein (蛋白质), like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals. However, don’t overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight.‎ Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don’t get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality (个性). Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp.‎ Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise makes the body strong and prevents you from putting on weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span(寿命).Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are very good for keeping the body in good shape: basketball, swimming,bicycling, running and so on,are good examples.Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.‎ If everybody were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.‎ ‎1.The passage mainly tells us that 　　　. ‎ A.how we can keep fit 10‎ B.why health is important for us C.nutrition is important for health D.sleep is more important than nutrition and exercise 答案:A 解析:主旨大意题。短文第一段最后一句是本文的主题句“Therearethreethingsthatapersoncandotohelpstayingoodshape:eatrightfood,getenoughsleep,andexerciseregularly.”。‎ ‎2.In order to keep good health,　　　. ‎ A.we should eat a lot of sweets B.one needs a large amount of fat C.people should eat according to the foods’ nutrition D.we must try to sleep now and then 答案:C 解析:推理判断题。由第二段可推知,要想保持健康,注意事项的其中之一是必须根据食物的营养来吃。‎ ‎3.Eating more and sleeping less 　　　. ‎ A.can help keep healthy B.are no good for you C.get you more energy D.will keep your personality 答案:B 解析:推理判断题。由第二段和第三段可知,吃得过多和睡得太少对身体没有好处。‎ 10‎