上海高考英语中易混淆的词汇素材 35页

‎2011上海高考英语中易混淆的词汇 ‎ ‎ ‎　　1. clothes, cloth, clothing ‎　　clothes 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数；‎ ‎　　cloth 指布，为不可数名词；‎ ‎　　clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of ‎　　2. incident, accident ‎　　incident 指小事件；‎ ‎　　accident 指不幸的事故，例：He was killed in the accident.‎ ‎　　3. amount, number ‎　　amount 后接不可数名词；‎ ‎　　number 后接可数名词，例：a number of students ‎　　4. family, house, home ‎　　home 家，包括住处和家人；‎ ‎　　house 房子，住宅；‎ ‎　　family 家庭成员，例：My family is a happy one.‎ ‎　　5. sound, voice, noise ‎　　sound 自然界各种各样的声音；‎ ‎　　voice 人的嗓音；‎ ‎　　noise 噪音，例：I hate the loud noise outside.‎ ‎　　6. photo, picture, drawing ‎　　photo 用照相机拍摄的照片；‎ ‎　　picture 可指相片，图片，电影片， 例：Let's go and see a good picture.‎ ‎　　drawing 画的画。‎ ‎　　7. vocabulary, word ‎　　vocabulary 词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，例：He has a large vocabulary.‎ ‎　　word 具体的单词。‎ ‎　　8. population, people ‎　　population 人口，人数，例：China has a large population.‎ ‎　　people 具体的人。‎ ‎　　9. weather, climate ‎　　weather 一天内具体的天气状况；‎ ‎　　climate 长期的气候状况，例：The climate here is not good for you.‎ ‎　　10. road, street, path, way ‎　　road 具体的公路，马路，例：take this road ‎　　street 街道，例：in the street ‎　　path 小路，小径；‎ ‎　　way 道路，途径，例：Show me the way to the museum.‎ ‎　　11. course, subject ‎　　course 课程（可包括多门科目），例：a summer course ‎　　subject 科目（具体的学科）‎ ‎　　12. custom, habit ‎　　custom 传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do；‎ ‎　　habit 生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. 例：I've got the habit of drinking a lot.‎ ‎　　13. cause, reason ‎　　cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth；‎ ‎　　reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. 例：the reason for being late ‎　　14. exercise, exercises, practice ‎　　exercise 运动，锻炼（不可数）；‎ ‎　　exercises 练习（可数）；‎ ‎　　practice（反复做的）练习，例：Practice makes perfect.‎ ‎　　15. class, lesson ‎　　作“课”解时，两者可以替换。‎ ‎　　指课文用lesson，例：Lesson 6，第6课；‎ ‎　　指班级或全体学生用class，例：Class 5，5班。‎ ‎　　16. speech, talk, lecture ‎　　speech 指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说；‎ ‎　　talk 日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话；‎ ‎　　lecture 学术性的演讲，讲课，例：a series of lecture on…‎ ‎　　17. officer, official ‎　　officer 部队的军官，例：an army officer ‎　　official 政府官员。‎ ‎　　18. work, job ‎　　二者均指工作。‎ ‎　　work 不可数；job 可数，例：a good job ‎　　19. couple, pair ‎　　couple 主要指人或动物；‎ ‎　　pair 多指由两部分组成的东西，例：a pair of trousers ‎　　20. country, nation, state, land ‎　　country 侧重指版图，疆域；‎ ‎　　nation 指人民，国民，民族；‎ ‎　　state 侧重指政府，政体；‎ ‎　　land 国土，国家，例：The whole nation was sad at the news.‎ ‎　　21. cook, cooker ‎　　cook 厨师，例：He is a good cook.‎ ‎　　cooker 厨具。‎ ‎　　22. damage, damages ‎　　damage 不可数名词，损害，损失；‎ ‎　　damages 复数形式，赔偿金，例：$900 damages ‎　　23. police, policeman ‎　　police 警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，例：The police are questioning everyone in the house.‎ ‎　　policeman 指某个具体的警察。‎ ‎　　24. problem, question ‎　　problem 常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise；‎ ‎　　question 常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用。‎ ‎　　25. man, a man ‎　　man 人类；‎ ‎　　a man 一个男人，例：Man will conquer nature.‎ ‎　　26. chick, chicken ‎　　二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉；例：The chicken is delicious.‎ ‎　　27. telegram, telegraph ‎　　当电报解时，telegram指具体的；例：a telegram ‎　　telegraph指抽象的；例：by telegraph ‎　　28. trip, journey, travel, voyage ‎　　travel 是最常用的；‎ ‎　　trip 指短期的旅途；例：a three-day trip ‎　　journey 指稍长的旅途；‎ ‎　　voyage 指海上航行。‎ ‎　　29. sport, game ‎　　sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；例：His favorite sport is swimming.‎ ‎　　game 指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则。‎ ‎　　30. price, prize ‎　　price 价格；例：The price is high/low.‎ ‎　　prize 奖，奖品，奖金；例：win the first prize ‎　　31. a number of, the number of ‎　　a number of 许多，谓语动词用复数；‎ ‎　　the number of… ……的数目，谓语动词用单数。例：The number of students is increasing.‎ ‎　　32. in front of, in the front of ‎　　in front of 范围外的前面；‎ ‎　　in the front of 范围内的前面 例：In the front of the room sits a boy.‎ ‎　　33. of the day, of a day ‎　　of the day 每一天的，当时的，当代的，例：a famous scientist of the day；‎ ‎　　of a day 暂时的，不长久的。‎ ‎　　34. three of us, the three of us ‎　　three of us 我们（不止三个）中的三个；‎ ‎　　the three of us 我们三个（就三个人）例：The three of us - Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.‎ ‎　　35. by bus, on the bus ‎　　by bus 表手段，方式，不用冠词，例：They went there by bus.‎ ‎　　on the bus 表范围。‎ ‎　　36. for a moment, for the moment ‎　　for a moment 片刻，一会儿，例：Thinking for a moment, he agreed.‎ ‎　　for the moment 暂时，一时。‎ ‎　　37. next year, the next year ‎　　next year 将来时间状语；‎ ‎　　the next year 过去将来时间状语，例：He said he would go abroad the next year.‎ ‎　　38. more than a year, more than one year ‎　　more than a year 一年多；‎ ‎　　more than one year 超过一年（两年或三年等）。‎ ‎　　39. take advice, take the(one's) advice ‎　　take advice 征求意见；‎ ‎　　take the advice 接受忠告 例：He refused to take the advice and failed again.‎ ‎　　40. take air, take the air ‎　　take air 传播，走漏；‎ ‎　　take the air 到户外去，散步 例：We take the air every ‎ day.‎ ‎　　41. in a word, in words ‎　　in a word 总之，一句话，例：In a word, you are right.‎ ‎　　in words 口头上。‎ ‎　　42. in place of, in the place of ‎　　in place of 代替；‎ ‎　　in the place of 在…地方，例：A new building is built in the place of the old one.‎ ‎　　43. in secret, in the secret ‎　　in secret 秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；‎ ‎　　in the secret 知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语，例：My mother was in the secret from the beginning.‎ ‎　　44. a girl, one girl ‎　　a girl 可泛指所有女孩；‎ ‎　　one girl 一个女孩，例：Can one girl carry such a big box?‎ ‎　　45. take a chair, take the chair ‎　　take a chair 相当于sit down坐下；‎ ‎　　take the chair 开始开会。‎ ‎　　46. go to sea, by sea ‎　　go to sea 当海员，出航；‎ ‎　　by sea 乘船，由海路；by the sea 在海边。‎ ‎　　47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher ‎　　the doctor and teacher 指一个人，既是医生又是老师；‎ ‎　　the doctor and the teacher 两个人，一个医生和一个老师。‎ ‎　　48. in office, in the office ‎　　in office 在职的，例：He is in office, not out of office.‎ ‎　　in the office 在办公室里。‎ ‎　　49. in bed, on the bed ‎　　in bed 卧在床上，例：He is ill in bed.‎ ‎　　on the bed 在床上，例：The book is on the bed.‎ ‎　　50. in charge of, in the charge of ‎　　in charge of 管理，负责照料，例：He is in charge of the matter.‎ in the charge of 由……照料，例：The matter is in the charge of her.‎ ‎2011上海高考英语中易混淆的词汇(2)‎ ‎　　51. in class, in the class ‎　　in class 在课上；‎ ‎　　in the class 在班级里，例：He is the best student ‎ in the class.‎ ‎　　52. on fire, on the fire ‎　　on fire 着火，例：The house is on fire.‎ ‎　　on the fire 在火上，例：Put the food on the fire.‎ ‎　　53. out of question, out of the question ‎　　out of question 毫无疑问的；‎ ‎　　out of the question 不可能的。‎ ‎　　54. a second, the second ‎　　a second 又一，再一；‎ ‎　　the second 第……，例：He won the second prize.‎ ‎　　55. by day, by the day ‎　　by day 白天；‎ ‎　　by the day 按天计算，例：The workers are paid by the day.‎ ‎　　56. the people, a people ‎　　the people 指人；‎ ‎　　a people 指民族，例：The Chinese is a peace-loving people.‎ ‎　　57. it, one ‎　　it 同一物体；‎ ‎　　one 同类不同一，例：I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.‎ ‎　　58. that, this ‎　　that 指代上文所提到的；例：I was ill. That's why…‎ ‎　　this 导出下文所要说的。‎ ‎　　59. none, nothing, no one ‎　　none 强调有多少；‎ ‎　　nothing, no one 强调有没有；nothing 指物，no one 指人。‎ ‎　　60. anyone, any one ‎　　anyone 指人，不能接of；‎ ‎　　any one 指人物均可，可接of 例：any one of you ‎　　61. who, what ‎　　who 指姓名或关系；‎ ‎　　what 指职业或地位，例：What is your dad? He is a teacher.‎ ‎　　62. what, which ‎　　what 的选择基础是无限制的；‎ ‎　　which 在一定范围内进行选择，例：Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?‎ ‎　　63. other, another ‎　　other 后接名词复数，例：other students ‎　　another 后接名词单数，例：another student ‎　　64. not a little, not a bit ‎　　not a little 非常；‎ ‎　　not a bit 一点也不，例：I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。‎ ‎　　65. many, much, a lot of ‎　　many 和可数名词连用，例：I haven't many books.‎ ‎　　much 和不可数名词连用；‎ ‎　　a lot of 可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句。‎ ‎　　66. much more…than, many more…than ‎　　much more…than 后接形容词或不可数名词，例：much more water, much more beautiful ‎　　many more…than 后接可数名词，例：many more people ‎　　67. no, not ‎　　no=not a/any ‎　　例：no friend=not a/any friend; no water=not any water ‎　　68. no more than, not more than ‎　　no more than 相当于only，仅仅，只有；‎ ‎　　not more than 至多，不超过。‎ ‎　　69. majority, most ‎　　majority 只能修饰可数名词，例：the majority of people ‎　　most 可数不可数均可。‎ ‎　　70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself ‎　　by oneself 单独的，独自的；‎ ‎　　for oneself 为自己；‎ ‎　　to oneself 供自己用的；‎ ‎　　of oneself 自行的，自动的，例：The door opened of itself.‎ ‎　　71. at all, after all ‎　　at all 根本，全然；‎ ‎　　after all 到底，毕竟，例：After all he is a child.‎ ‎　　72. tall, high ‎　　tall 常指人或动物，例：He is tall.‎ ‎　　high 常指物体。‎ ‎　　73. fast, quickly ‎　　fast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，例：run fast ‎　　quickly 侧重指某事完成或发生的快，例：answer ‎ the question quickly ‎　　74. high, highly ‎　　high 具体的高；‎ ‎　　highly 抽象的高，高度的，例：think highly of ‎　　75. healthy, healthful ‎　　healthy 健康的，健壮的；‎ ‎　　healthful 有益于健康的，例：healthful exercise ‎　　76. sleeping, asleep,sleepy ‎　　sleeping 正在睡觉，例：a sleeping baby ‎　　asleep 睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，例：The baby is asleep.‎ ‎　　sleepy 困的，有睡意的，例：I'm sleepy.‎ ‎　　77. gold, golden ‎　　gold 指真金制品，例：a gold ring ‎　　golden 指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish ‎　　78. most, mostly ‎　　most 用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，例：most people ‎　　mostly 大部分，是副词，例：the people are mostly…‎ ‎　　79. just, very ‎　　just 表强调时是副词，作状语，例：just the man ‎　　very 表强调时是形容词，用作定语，例：the very man ‎　　80. wide, broad ‎　　wide 侧重于一边到另一边的距离；‎ ‎　　broad 侧重于幅面的宽广，例：broad shoulders ‎　　81. real, true ‎　　real ‎ 真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，例：real gold ‎　　true 真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合，例：a true story ‎　　82. respectful, respectable ‎　　respectful 尊敬，有礼貌，例：be respectful to the aged ‎　　respectable 可敬的，值得尊敬的。‎ ‎　　83. outwards, outward ‎　　二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面；‎ ‎　　outward 还可用作形容词，例：an outward voyage ‎　　84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing ‎　　pleasant 常用作定语；‎ ‎　　pleased, pleasing 常用作表语；‎ ‎　　pleased 主语常为人，pleasing 主语常为物，例：a pleasant trip; The trip is pleasing.‎ ‎　　85. understanding, understandable ‎　　understanding 明白事理的，能体谅的，例：an understanding girl ‎　　understandable 可理解的，能够懂的，例：an understandable mistake ‎　　86. close, closely ‎　　close 接近，靠近，例：stand close ‎　　closely 紧紧地，紧密地，例：closely connected ‎　　87. ill, sick ‎　　ill 做表语；‎ ‎　　sick 定语、表语均可，例：a sick boy ‎　　88. good, well ‎　　good 形容词；‎ ‎　　well 副词，但指身体状况是形容词，例：He is well again.‎ ‎　　89. quiet, silent, still ‎　　quiet 安静的，可以发出小的声音；‎ ‎　　silent 不发出声音，但可以动；‎ ‎　　still 完全不动，完全无声响，例：He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。‎ ‎　　90. hard, hardly ‎　　hard 努力，例：work hard ‎　　hardly 几乎不，例：I can hardly believe it.‎ ‎　　91. able, capable ‎　　able 与不定式to do连用；‎ ‎　　capable 与of连用，例：He is capable of doing…‎ ‎　　92. almost, nearly ‎　　二者均为“几乎，差不多”‎ ‎，和否定词连用用almost，例：almost nobody。‎ ‎　　93. late, lately ‎　　late 迟，晚；‎ ‎　　lately 最近，近来 例：I haven't seen him lately.‎ ‎　　94. living, alive, live, lively ‎　　living, alive, live 均为活着的；‎ ‎　　living 定表均可，alive 定表均可，定语后置；‎ ‎　　live 只能做定语，lively 意为活泼的，例：all the living people=all the people alive ‎　　95. excited, exciting ‎　　excited 使人兴奋的，例：I'm excited.‎ ‎　　exciting 令人兴奋的，例：The news is exciting.‎ ‎　　96. deep, deeply ‎　　deep 具体的深，例：dig deep ‎　　deeply 抽象的深，深深地，例：deeply moved ‎　　97. aloud, loud ‎　　aloud 出声地，例：read aloud 出声地读 ‎　　loud 大声地 ‎　　98. worth, worthy ‎　　二者均为值得，worth后接doing；‎ ‎　　worthy后接to be done, of being done；‎ ‎　　例：It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.‎ ‎　　99. bad, badly ‎　　bad 形容词，例：go bad ‎　　badly 副词，不好，但与need, want, require连用为“很，非常”，例：I need the book badly.‎ ‎　　100. before long, long before ‎　　before long 不久以后；‎ ‎　　long before 很久以前；‎ ‎　　例：not long before = before long ‎2011上海高考英语中易混淆的词汇(3)‎ ‎　　101. quite, rather ‎　　quite 完全地，相当于completely，例：quite impossible ‎　　rather 修饰比较级 ‎　　102. happy, glad ‎　　happy 高兴，幸福，定表均可，例：a happy girl ‎　　glad 高兴，只能做表语 ‎　　103. instead, instead of ‎　　instead 是副词，放在句首或句末，例：He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV.‎ ‎　　instead of 是介词短语，放在句中，例：He watched TV instead of seeing a film.‎ ‎　　104. too much, much too ‎　　too much 后接不可数名词；‎ ‎　　much too 后接形容词，例：much too heavy ‎　　105. be about to, be going to, be to do ‎　　be about to 表最近的将来，后面不接时间状语；‎ ‎　　be going to 侧重打算，想法；‎ ‎　　be to do 侧重意志，计划，安排 例：I'm to meet him.（含双方事先约好的意思）‎ ‎　　106. raise, rise ‎　　raise 及物动词；‎ ‎　　rise 不及物动词，例：The sun rises in the east.‎ ‎　　107. bring, take, carry, fetch ‎　　bring 拿来；‎ ‎　　take 带走；‎ ‎　　carry 随身携带；‎ ‎　　fetch 去回这一往返动作，例：fetch a box of chalk ‎　　108. spend, take, pay, cost ‎　　spend 人做主语，花钱，花时间，spend…on sth./in doing sth;‎ ‎　　take 物做主语，花时间；‎ ‎　　pay 人做主语，花钱，pay for；‎ ‎　　cost 物做主语，花钱。‎ ‎　　109. join, join in, take part in ‎　　join 加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员，例：He joined the army five years ago.‎ ‎　　join in 参加小型的活动，join sb. in；‎ ‎　　take part in 参加大型的活动。‎ ‎　　110. learn, study ‎　　learn 学习，侧重学习的结果；‎ ‎　　study 学习，侧重学习的过程，研究，例：study the problem ‎　　111. want, hope, wish ‎　　want 打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do；‎ ‎　　hope 希望（通常可以实现），hope to do/ hope that…‎ ‎　　wish 希望（通常不能实现），wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n.，例：I wish you success.‎ ‎　　112. discover, invent, find out ‎　　discover 发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西；‎ ‎　　invent 发明本来不存在的物体；‎ ‎　　find out 发现，查明，例：At last he found out the truth.‎ ‎　　113. answer, reply ‎　　answer 及物动词；‎ ‎　　reply 不及物动词，例：to reply to the letter ‎　　114. leave, leave for ‎　　leave 离开；‎ ‎　　leave for 前往，例：He left Beijing for Shanghai.‎ ‎　　115. rob, steal ‎　　rob 抢劫，rob sb. of sth.，‎ ‎　　steal 偷，steal sth. from sb.‎ ‎　　116. shoot, shoot at ‎　　shoot 射死，例：He shot the bird and it died.‎ ‎　　shoot at 瞄准，但不一定射中。‎ ‎　　117. drop, fall ‎　　drop 及物不及物均可，例：He dropped his voice.‎ ‎　　fall 不及物动词，例：Prices fell/dropped.‎ ‎　　118. search, search for ‎　　search 后接地点，例：He searched his pocket for money.‎ ‎　　search for 后接东西 ‎　　119. used to, be used to ‎　　used to 过去常常；‎ ‎　　be used to 习惯于，后接sth./doing sth.；被用来，后接 do sth. 例：He is used to getting up early.‎ ‎　　120. win, beat ‎　　win 后接sth. 反义词为lose，例：win the game ‎　　beat 后接sb.，例：beat them ‎　　121. live on, live by ‎　　live on 以……为主食，例：live on fish ‎　　live by 靠……谋生，例：live by fishing ‎　　122. beat, hit, strike ‎　　beat 连续性地击打，例：beat the wings ‎　　hit 打中，对准打；‎ ‎　　strike 打一下或若干下。‎ ‎　　123. meet, meet with ‎　　meet 遇到；‎ ‎　　meet with 体验到，遭遇到，例：meet with an accident ‎　　124. lose, miss ‎　　lose 失去（具体的物体），错过，例：sth. is lost, lose the chance；‎ ‎　　miss 想念，错过，例：sth. is missing, miss the chance ‎　　125. be tired of, be tired with/from ‎　　be tired of 厌烦……‎ ‎　　be tired with/from 因为……而累了，例：be tired with/from running 800 meters