2020版高考英语大二轮复习专题二十三科普知识类阅读+完形填空+语篇填空+短文改错优选习题 10页

专题二十三 人物故事类阅读+科普知识类阅读+完形填空+语篇填空+短文改错 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018重庆一中月考)‎ When my son was first diagnosed with autism(自闭症),it was a very hard time for us.However,in some ways it was a relief,because we finally had a name for what was going on in our lives,but it also meant years of uncertainty,and we didn’t know what the future was like. ‎ When I shared the news with my co-workers,I was so surprised and happy to receive so much immediate love and support from them.They were focused on what we needed,as opposed to how it would affect my ability to make it to work.‎ One co-worker,Jackie,in particular,was amazing to my family and me.She called me into her office a few days later,and gave me a “ worry stone”.It gives you something to focus on when you’re worried,rubbing your thumb around on this stone.It was a lovely gesture.‎ She then extended a permanent offer to drive us to any appointments or tests we needed.Considering the fact that we lived 90 minutes from where most treatment took place,this was a tremendous offer.She made it very clear to me that this offer included last-minute trips or emergencies.Anytime we needed to go anywhere,she was willing to be our transportation.She said that we needed to be able to focus on our son instead of having to divide our attention between the road and him.‎ We never did need to take her up on her wonderful offer,but knowing it was there and that she was so willing to help made it feel like we were much less alone.‎ 10‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是人物故事类阅读。作者讲述了自己儿子被确诊患有自闭症后,经历了一个非常艰难的时期。在这段最需要帮助的时候,自己周围的人尤其是自己的同事给予了自己及时的帮助。‎ ‎1.What does “a relief” refer to in the first paragraph? ‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A.My son’s recovery from the disease.‎ B.The help from my co-workers.‎ C.Knowing what my boy’s problem is.‎ D.The sign of a better future.‎ 答案C 解析词义猜测题。根据第一段首句“When my son was first diagnosed with Autism (自闭症),it was a very hard time for us.However,in some ways it was a relief,because we finally had a name for what was going on in our lives...”可知,儿子被诊断出患有自闭症,这让作者夫妇生活艰难,但值得欣慰的是,至少知道了儿子到底出什么问题了。答案为C项。‎ ‎2.Why did the co-worker offer to drive for us?‎ A.She is a more experienced driver.‎ B.We live far away from the hospital.‎ C.She lives very close to our house.‎ D.She wishes to reduce our worries.‎ 答案D 解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“Anytime we needed to go anywhere,she was willing to be our transportation.She said that we needed to be able to focus on our son instead of having to divide our attention between the road and him.”可知,这位同事愿意为作者夫妇开车,这样作者夫妇就不用在开车和儿子之间分心了。答案为D项。‎ ‎3.What does the writer think of the offer by Jackie?‎ A.It’s a great comfort. B.It’s a last-minute offer.‎ C.It’s not necessary. D.It’s a difficult decision for her.‎ 答案A 解析推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知,Jackie送给作者一个“忧虑石”。当你担心的时候,它会分散你的一些注意力,减少一个人的压力,安慰紧张的心理,以及根据第四段的内容,可知答案为A项。‎ ‎4.What might be the best title for the text?‎ A.Years of Uncertainty B.The Most Generous Woman C.In Time of Need D.A Story of Sacrifice 答案C 解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者讲述了自己虽遭遇不幸,但在最需要帮助的时候,自己周围的人尤其是同事给予及时的帮助,因此C项符合题意。‎ 10‎ B ‎(2018河北衡水模拟)‎ Over a hundred years ago in 1911,something strange was found in the glaciers of Antarctica.Crilffith Taylor—an Australian geologist,had discovered a blood red stream pouring out of the ice cascades(瀑布) of Talor Glacier!Popularly known as the Blood Falls,scientists had not been able to find the reason behind the blood red liquid flowing through the ice—until recently.The mystery of the Blood Falls had finally been solved.‎ When these falls were first discovered,scientists had believed that the red colour came from a large amount of red algae(海藻) concentrated in the water.Red algae contain a pigment(色素) which reflects red light,making the algae appear red.‎ This theory made sense,until it was later found that algae do not play a part in the red colour of the flowing liquid at all.What really causes Talor Glacier’s waters appear blood red,is the presence of iron oxide in the liquid.The waters of the blood falls are rich in salt and iron content,and when this water comes in contact with the air,it turns red—just like rust!The water in these falls is often referred to as “brine” by scientists because of the high salt content in the water.‎ This reasoning behind the red colour of the falls was found back in 2003.However,the entire mystery had not yet been solved.How is it then,that the Blood Falls are not frozen?‎ Researchers at the University of Colorado and University of Alaska found that inside the glacier,there was a network of channels and reservoirs that move the water around.Salt water has a lower freezing temperature.In addition,when any substance undergoes a change in state,it gives off heat.Therefore,the brine actually warm itself up while it’s freezing!How this works,is that when the brine is flowing through the Talor Glacier,some of it does freeze.As a result of changing state from liquid to ice,the brine gives off heat.This heat is enough to keep the rest of the brine in liquid form,which is why it flows out of the glacier.‎ Incredible new chemistry facts found,and mystery solved!‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是科普知识阅读。一百多年前的1911年,澳大利亚地质学家在南极洲的冰川中发现了奇怪的景象——血瀑布。科学家一直无法找到红色液体不结冰的原因。直到最近,血瀑布的秘密终于被揭开了:水中富含盐和铁,当水接触空气时,就会像铁锈一样变红。同时,盐分高导致它不结冰。‎ 10‎ ‎5.How was the red algae theory once considered?‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A.Ridiculous. B.Reasonable.‎ C.Impractical. D.Complex.‎ 答案B 解析细节理解题。根据第三段首句“This theory made sense,until it was later found that algae do not play a part in the red color of the flowing liquid at all.”可知,这个理论初期被认为是有道理的,直到后来才发现海藻对流动的液体的红色并不起作用,所以答案为B项。make sense“有道理,有意义,讲的通”。‎ ‎6.Why does the Blood Falls look red in colour?‎ A.Because there is too much salt and iron in its water.‎ B.Because its liquid is rich in red algae.‎ C.Because the flowing liquid reflects red sunlight.‎ D.Because the air is thin and rare in Antarctica.‎ 答案A 解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The waters of the blood falls are rich in salt and iron content,and when this water comes in contact with the air,it turns red—just like rust!”可知,因为富含盐分和铁,当水接触空气时,就会像铁锈一样变红。答案为A项。‎ ‎7.What is the main reason for the Blood Falls’ not freezing?‎ A.The water continued flowing constantly.‎ B.There is too much salt in the water.‎ C.The brine gives off heat while freezing.‎ D.Temperatures aren’t high enough for flowing water.‎ 答案C 解析推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“As a result of changing state from liquid to ice,the brine gives off heat.This heat is enough to keep the rest of the brine in liquid form,which is why it flows out of the glacier.”可知,从液态到冰态变化时,卤水放出热量。这种热量足以使其余的盐水保持液态,这就是它不结冰的原因。答案为C项。‎ ‎8.What is the passage mainly about?‎ A.The discovery of the blood glacier.‎ B.The birth of the Talor Glacier.‎ C.The flowing red water in Antarctica.‎ D.The mystery of the Blood Falls.‎ 答案D 解析主旨大意题。1911年,澳大利亚地质学家在南极洲的冰川中发现了奇怪的景象——血瀑布。文章重点分析血瀑布产生的原因,揭开神秘面纱,所以答案为D项。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2018重庆八中月考)‎ 10‎ Louis Cha,better known by his pen name Jin Yong,is an established writer of the classic Chinese wuxia novel series The Condor Trilogy,A Hero Born.‎ Cha 　1　 to Cambridge University for a master’s degree.Aged 81,he became one of the oldest students to 　2　 in the university’s history. ‎ Cha and his wife left their finely-furnished house in Hong Kong and rented a much 　3　 one near Cambridge.It was 　4　 that after a careful discussion they hired an Italian 　5　 so that they could eat Chinese food in an Italian style. ‎ Every day,Cha 　6　 a schoolbag containing books and materials for class.As a famous kung fu 　7　,he has many fans.Whenever asked for his signature,he would 　8　 them politely and tell them if instead of 　9　 class,he was taking a walk or having a coffee,he would 　10　 for them. ‎ ‎“Cha used to go to class by bike.However,his wife 　11　 that cars in the campus might knock him down.Then,the bike was 　12　,but Cha called himself an old man with little sense of 　13　 and before long he 　14　 the car too.Now he uses a taxi.” ‎ When Cha was very　15　,his mother once compared him to his star cousin Xu Zhimo who went to Cambridge.Cha was a little 　16　,determining to prove himself by studying in Cambridge too.　17　,the most important reason is his strong thirst for knowledge.Cha said,“Some people think I am not 　18　 to be the director of Literature School in Zhejiang University.I don’t retort (反驳),but I can always 　19　 my own knowledge.” ‎ As the most accomplished and highly productive founding father of Chinese wuxia classics,Cha’s consistent 　20　 to learn really deserves our admiration. ‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是人物故事。本文主要讲了中国著名的武侠小说家金庸先生在81岁的时候还去剑桥大学读书,他这种活到老学到老的精神值得我们大家学习。‎ ‎1.A.applied B.graduated C.appealed D.entitled 答案A 解析词义辨析题。A项“申请,应用,涂,抹,敷”;B项“毕业”;C项“呼吁,恳求,吸引,上诉”;D项“授予荣誉或头衔”。金庸申请去剑桥大学读硕士学位。apply (to sb.) for sth.“向……申请……”。答案为A项。‎ ‎2.A.enter B.enroll C.write D.show 10‎ 答案B 解析词义辨析题。A项“进入”;B项“报名,登记,入学”;C项“写”;D项“展示”。在这所大学的历史上,他成为入学最年长的学生之一。答案为B项。‎ ‎3.A.shabbier B.costlier C.bigger D.brighter 答案A 解析词义辨析题。根据上文“Cha and his wife left their finely-furnished house in Hong Kong”可知,金庸和妻子离开他们陈设精美的香港的家,那么推理到剑桥附近租的房子应该没有香港的房子那么豪华,所以答案为A项,shabby“寒酸的”。‎ ‎4.A.serious B.challenging C.considerate D.interesting 答案D 解析词义辨析题。A项“严重的,严肃的”;B项“挑战性的”;C项“体贴的”;D项“有趣的”。他们雇佣了一位意大利的厨师,这样他们就可以吃到意大利风味儿的中国菜,他们的这个做法很有趣。答案为D项。‎ ‎5.A.babysitter B.nurse C.chef D.teacher 答案C 解析文化常识题。根据后文“so that they could eat Chinese food in an Italian style”可知,他们雇佣了一位意大利的厨师。答案为C项。‎ ‎6.A.sends B.carries C.holds D.chooses 答案B 解析词义辨析题。A项“发送”;B项“携带”;C项“拿着,握着”;D项“选择”。每天,金庸携带一个装满书和材料的书包去上学。答案为B项。‎ ‎7.A.scholar B.director C.artist D.novelist 答案D 解析词义辨析题。A项“学者”;B项“导演”;C项“艺术家”;D项“小说家”。根据第一段“Louis Cha,better known by his pen name Jin Yong,is an established writer of the classic Chinese wuxia novel series The Condor Trilogy,A Hero Born.”可知,他是一位非常著名的武侠小说家。答案为D项。‎ ‎8.A.refuse B.accept C.approve D.appreciate 答案A 解析词义辨析题。A项“拒绝”;B项“接受”;C项“赞成,批准”;D项“欣赏,感激”。根据下文“and tell them if instead of 　9　 class,he was taking a walk or having a coffee,he ‎ 10‎ would 　10　 for them.”可知,当被要求签名时,他会礼貌地拒绝,并告诉他们如果不上课,在散步和喝咖啡时,他会给他们签名。答案为A项。 ‎ ‎9.A.delivering B.skipping C.conducting D.attending 答案D 解析词义辨析题。A项“投递,生小孩,发表演说”;B项“跳过”;C项“指挥”;D项“去学校,参加”。根据上一题分析可知答案为D项。‎ ‎10.A.interpret B.write C.sign D.explain 答案C 解析行文逻辑题。A项“翻译”;B项“写”;C项“签名”;D项“解释”。根据上文“Whenever asked for his signature...”可知应该选择C项。‎ ‎11.A.expected B.predicted C.feared D.argued 答案C 解析词义辨析题。A项“期盼,料想”;B项“预测”;C项“害怕”;D项“争论,辩论”。然而,他的妻子害怕校园里的车可能会把他撞倒。答案为C项。‎ ‎12.A.changed B.replaced C.destroyed D.exchanged 答案B 解析词义辨析题。A项“改变”;B项“替代”;C项“毁掉,破坏”;D项“交换”。根据下文“but Cha called himself an old man with little sense of 　13　 and before long he 　14　 the car too.Now he uses a taxi.”可知,金庸一开始骑自行车,之后自己开车,最后使用出租车,所以自行车被替换。答案为B项。 ‎ ‎13.A.humor B.business C.direction D.achievement 答案C 解析文化常识题。A项“幽默”;B项“商业,买卖”;C项“方向,指导”;D项“成就,业绩”。金庸说自己是一个没有方向感的老头儿,根据常识判断这里指的是自己开车。答案为C项。‎ ‎14.A.gave up B.took up C.sold out D.used up 答案A 解析词义辨析题。A项“放弃,停止”;B项“占据,接受,开始从事”;C项“卖完”;D项“用光”。根据第12题分析可知,金庸最后放弃了自己开车,开始打车上学。答案为A项。‎ ‎15.A.old　 　　B.young C.sick　　　D.lazy 答案B 10‎ 解析文化常识题。根据该句“his mother once compared him to his star cousin Xu Zhimo who went to Cambridge”可知,当金庸非常小的时候,他的母亲曾经拿他和他在剑桥大学就读的表兄徐志摩相比。徐志摩就读剑桥期间金庸应该年龄较小,所以答案为B项。‎ ‎16.A.sad B.surprised C.demanding D.jealous 答案D 解析词义辨析题。A项“难过的”;B项“惊讶的”;C项“苛求的,要求高的”;D项“妒忌的”。根据后文“determining to prove himself by studying in Cambridge too”可知,金庸有些嫉妒表兄徐志摩。答案为D项。‎ ‎17.A.However B.Therefore C.Furthermore D.Consequently 答案A 解析行文逻辑题。根据上文内容及下文“the most important reason is his strong thirst for knowledge”可知,金庸去剑桥上大学是出于对表兄徐志摩的妒忌,然而,最重要的是他对知识的强烈渴望。前后为转折关系,所以答案为A项。‎ ‎18.A.welcomed B.qualified C.recruited D.elected 答案B 解析词义辨析题。A项“受欢迎的”;B项“有资格的”;C项“被招聘的,被雇佣的”;D项“被选举的”。句意:有些人认为我没有资格担任浙江大学文学院的院长。答案为B项。‎ ‎19.A.test B.show C.prove D.increase 答案D 解析词义辨析题。A项“测试”;B项“展示”;C项“证明,证实”;D项“增加,增长”。句意:我不反驳,但是我一直在增长自己的知识。答案为D项。‎ ‎20.A.hesitation B.intelligence C.willingness D.ability 答案C 解析词义辨析题。A项“犹豫不决”;B项“智力”;C项“意愿,心甘情愿”;D项“能力”。金庸始终如一的学习意愿值得我们钦佩。答案为C项。‎ Ⅲ.语篇填空 ‎(2018四川内江一模)‎ Chrysanthemum(菊花) comes from China and was recorded in some Chinese books as early as the 5th century BC.The flower 1.(introduce) to Japan during the Tang Dynasty.It usually begins to bloom(开花) in the 9th lunar month,lending a festive atmosphere to Double Ninth Day.That’s why the month is also referred to 2.　　　　　　 “the month of chrysanthemum”. ‎ 10‎ The flower has been favored by 3.　　　　　　(poet) through the ages,because it is one of the only flowers that bloom in late autumn.Du Fu,a great Tang Dynasty poet,wrote more than ten poems singing the praises of the flower. ‎ Chinese people 4.　　　　　　(be) fond of enjoying chrysanthemum on Double Ninth Day long before.Chrysanthemum displays were usually held immediately after 5.　　　　　　 day in some regions of China in the Qing Dynasty.People in Beijing began to stick chrysanthemums on doors and windows 6. (get) rid of the bad luck and bring in the good luck,7.　　　　　　 was an alteration(改变) of the custom of 8.　　　　　　(wear) chrysanthemum on people’s heads.At these displays family members accompany their elders to have a relaxing day in a natural atmosphere while wishing for good health and 9.(happy) for them.The displays are often 10.　　　　　　(live) with a sea of visitors. ‎ 答案与解析 ‎【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章讲述了菊花的历史、文化及相关的一些活动及意义。‎ ‎1.was introduced　考查被动语态。句中主语“The flower”和动词“introduce”是被动关系,指这种花被介绍,在句中作谓语用被动语态,再根据时间状语“the Tang Dynasty”可知应该用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎2.as　考查介词。句意:这就是九月被叫做菊花月的原因,表示“作为,当做”用as。‎ ‎3.poets　考查名词。句中“poet”是可数名词,此处泛指古往今来的诗人们,用复数形式。‎ ‎4.were　考查主谓一致。根据时间状语“long before”可知,此处用过去时,与主语Chinese people保持一致用复数形式。‎ ‎5.the　考查冠词。此处是特指“Double Ninth Day”,用定冠词the,表示重阳节之后。‎ ‎6.to get　考查动词不定式。此处是不定式表目的,指人们把菊花贴在门窗上是为了摆脱坏运气。‎ ‎7.which　考查定语从句。句中包含非限制性定语从句,用which引导指代前面的句子。‎ ‎8.wearing　考查非谓语动词。句中介词of后用动词-ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎9.happiness　考查名词。与前面的名词“health”并列也用名词,指健康和幸福。‎ ‎10.lively　考查形容词。此处是形容词lively作表语,指这种展览有大量的游客,生气勃勃的。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2018四川新都一中月考)‎ Dear Ms Jenkins,‎ I’m Li Hua from your English writing class in last term.I’m writing to ask for your help.I’m applied for a part-time job in my city during the summer vacation,advertise by a foreign company.And I had just completed my application letter and resume.Besides,I am not quite sure of the language and the format I’ve used.Because I know you have a very tightly schedule,I need your timely help.I’d appreciate if you could spend some time going through them and made necessary changes.You can find my application letter and resume in the attachment.‎ Thank you for your kind!‎ 10‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 答案 Dear Ms Jenkins,‎ I’m Li Hua from your English writing class ‎ in ‎ last term.I’m writing to ask for your help.I’m for a part-time job in my city during the summer vacation, by a foreign company.And I just completed my application letter and resume.,I am not quite sure of the language and the format I’ve used. I know you have a very schedule,I need your timely help.I’d appreciate if you could spend some time going through them and necessary changes.You can find my application letter and resume in the attachment.‎ Thank you for your !‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 10‎