2011高考总复习英语实用学案高考语法专题情态动词与虚拟语气 7页

高考语法专题：情态动词与虚拟语气 ‎ ‎ ‎ 考纲新研读 ‎ 情态动词 ‎1. can, could ‎ (1)表示能力或客观可能性、请求或允许：‎ ‎ Man cannot live without air or water.‎ ‎ (2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信：‎ ‎ How can you be so careless!‎ ‎ He couldn’t be over sixty.‎ ‎ (3)表示对过去否定或疑问的猜测：‎ ‎ Jack cannot (couldn’t) have been to China, has he?‎ ‎ Can (Could) he have heard the news?‎ ‎ (4)表示虚拟语气，用于肯定句，could have done,“过去能够干 ‎ 某事而没干”。‎ ‎ I could have lent him money, but he didn’t ask me.‎ ‎ Given more time, I could have done it even better.‎ ‎ (5)表示“有时会”：‎ ‎ Training alone can be dangerous.‎ ‎2. may, might ‎ (1)表示推测“可能”：‎ ‎ That may or may not be true.‎ ‎ (2)对过去可能性的推测，may (might可能性更小)have done：‎ ‎ She may not have seen the film.‎ ‎ She might have had an accident.‎ ‎ (3)表示虚拟语气“有可能干而没干”：‎ ‎ She might have given you more help, but she didn’t.‎ ‎ (4)表示祝愿：‎ ‎ May you succeed in passing the exam！‎ ‎3.must，have to ‎ (1)“必须”，“必要”：‎ ‎ Soldiers must obey orders.‎ ‎ You mustn’t talk like that.‎ ‎ (2)肯定的猜测(不能用于否定或疑问)：“一定”：‎ ‎ He must be seventy now.‎ ‎ He must be doing his homework upstairs.‎ ‎ I think you must have made a mistake, didn’t you?‎ ‎ He must have been doing his homework then.‎ ‎ (3)(表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦)偏要 ‎ Just as I was hurrying to class, Mary must come, telling a ‎ ‎ long story.‎ ‎4. need ‎ (1)“需要”，主要用于否定、疑问句。‎ ‎ You needn’t do it at once.‎ ‎ (2)needn’t have done,“过去不需要干而干了”：‎ ‎ You had enough time left. You needn’t have hurried.‎ ‎ (3)特殊句型，“需要干某事”：‎ ‎ The tree needs (wants, requires) watering (to be watered).‎ ‎5.dare，dared ‎ (1)主要用于疑问、否定和条件句中：‎ ‎ How dared they do such a thing?‎ ‎ (2)可作实意动词：dare (to) do:‎ ‎ He didn’t dare (to) go there.‎ ‎6. shall, should ‎ (1)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，征求对方意见：‎ ‎ Shall I turn on the radio?‎ ‎ (2)shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命 ‎ 令、决心等。‎ ‎ You shall fail if you don’t take his advice.‎ ‎ Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.‎ ‎ (3)should/ought to,“应该”：‎ ‎ You should work hard at your lessons.‎ ‎ (4)should(ought to) have done,“过去本来应该干某事而没干”；‎ ‎ should not have done“过去本来不应该干某事而干了”,表示 ‎ 委婉的批评：‎ ‎ You should have come earlier.‎ ‎ You shouldn’t have told her about it.‎ ‎ You ought to have told me about that yesterday.‎ ‎7. will, would ‎ (1)用于疑问句，表示请求、邀请：‎ ‎ Will/Would you pass me the book?‎ ‎ (2)“愿意”：‎ ‎ If you will wait a little while, I’ll call the manager.‎ ‎ (3)“总是”：‎ ‎ He will often sit up all night.‎ ‎ He would drop in on me on Sundays.‎ ‎ (4)用于否定句，表拒绝，尤指物：‎ ‎ We pushed the bus, but it wouldn’t move a bit.‎ ‎8.used to “过去曾经……”，暗示现在不再如此：‎ ‎ You used to smoke, usedn’t you (didn’t you)?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 虚拟语气 ‎ 近几年，虚拟语气考查的重点是与情态动词连用的虚拟语气。如：should have done, could have done, might have done等。虚拟条件句等也时有涉及。‎ ‎1.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用：‎ ‎ (1)与现在事实相反：‎ ‎ 条件句谓语用：If...did/were...；主句谓语用：would (should, ‎ ‎ could, might) do...。例如：‎ ‎ If I had enough money, I would buy the car. (But I haven’t ‎ ‎ enough money.)‎ ‎ If it were not so late, we could have coffee.‎ ‎(2)与过去事实相反：‎ ‎ 条件句谓语用：If...had done...;主句谓语用：would (should) ‎ ‎ have done...。例如：‎ ‎ If they had invited me, I would have gone to the party. (But ‎ ‎ they didn’t invite me.)‎ ‎ They didn’t invite me, otherwise, I would have gone to the party.‎ ‎(3)与将来事实相反：‎ ‎ 条件句谓语用：If...did (were)/were to do/should do...;主句谓语 ‎ 用：would (should) do...。例如：‎ ‎ I’m sure to succeed this time. If I failed (were to fail/should fail), ‎ ‎ I would try again.‎ ‎(4)过去现在混合：‎ ‎ 条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。例如：‎ ‎ If you had taken the doctor’s advice, you wouldn’t be in hospital ‎ ‎ now (you would be well now).‎ ‎ (5)如果if省略，从句要倒装(主要是were/should/had)例如：‎ ‎ Had they time, they would help us.‎ ‎ Had you come earlier, you would have met the scientist.‎ ‎ (6)用介词短语代替条件句：‎ ‎ We would not have succeeded without your help (but for ‎ ‎ your help).‎ ‎ But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.‎ ‎2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气：‎ ‎ (1)wish“希望；但愿”。wish后的宾语从句，如果跟虚拟语气，‎ ‎ 有三种时态。即:‎ ‎ 与现在事实相反,谓语用一般过去时态。例如：‎ ‎ I wish I had your brain.‎ ‎ 与过去事实相反，谓语用过过去完成时态。例如：‎ ‎ How I wished I had studied then!‎ ‎ 与将来事实相反，或不大可能实现的愿望，谓语用 ‎ would/could do。 例如：‎ ‎ How I wish that I would go to the moon some day.‎ ‎(2)command,demand,insist,order,request,require,suggest等后面 ‎ 的宾语从句，谓语用(should) do。总体掌握：“要求干，应该 ‎ 干，但还没干”，就是说动作还没有发生。因此insist“坚持事 ‎ 实”、suggest“暗示”都不用虚拟语气。‎ ‎ Mother insists I get rid of the bad habit.‎ ‎ He insisted that he was a Party member and be sent to the ‎ ‎ front.‎ 注意：与此项有关的表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句等的谓 ‎ 语同样用(should) do。例如：‎ ‎ My suggestion is that he do the exercises first.‎ ‎ 这样的名词有：advice, idea, demand, order, plan, request, ‎ ‎ suggestion等。‎ ‎3.主语从句中的虚拟语气：谓语同样用(should) do。例如：‎ ‎ It is necessary (important) that a student (should) have good ‎ ‎ manners.‎ ‎ It was a pity that you (should) be so careless.‎ ‎ It will be suggested that he (should) finish his homework today.‎ ‎4.部分情态动词：‎ ‎ You could have lived with Tom.‎ ‎ You should have come five minutes earlier.‎ ‎ Where is Mary? She might have had an accident.‎ ‎ It was so near to the railway station. We could have walked to it. ‎ ‎ A taxi wasn’t necessary.‎ ‎5.其他句型：‎ ‎ (1)It is (high) time that we went home (should go home).‎ ‎ (谓语用一般过去时态或should do)‎ ‎ (2)I would rather you came tomorrow.(谓语用一般过去时态)‎ ‎ (3)He talks as if he knew everything.‎ ‎ 高考新剖析 ‎1. But for their help, we__________ the program in time.‎ ‎ ［2009年高考安徽卷］‎ ‎ A. can not finish B. will not finish ‎ C. had not finished D. could not have finished ‎2. It__________ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is ‎ ‎ the only one with a car.［2009年高考上海卷］‎ ‎ A. may B. can C. must D. should ‎3. —Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?‎ ‎ —She__________ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. ‎ ‎ ［2009年高考重庆卷］‎ ‎ A. shall be B. should have been ‎ C. must be D. might have been ‎4. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily ‎ ‎ shy；they__________ just be quiet people.［2009年高考安徽卷］‎ ‎ A. must B. may C. should D. would D C ‎ B C ‎ ‎5. One of the few things you__________ say about English people ‎ ‎ with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.‎ ‎ ［2009年高考北京卷］‎ ‎ A. need B. must C. should D. can ‎ 6. According to the air traffic rules, you __________ switch off ‎ ‎ your mobile phone before boarding.［2008年高考上海卷］‎ ‎ A. may B. can C. would D. should ‎ 7. —How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?‎ ‎ —It__________ be, but it is now heavily polluted. ‎ ‎ A. will B. would C. should D. must ‎ 8. The teacher__________ have thought Johnson was worth it or ‎ ‎ she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose.‎ ‎ A. should B. can C. would D. must ‎ 9. —She looks very happy. She__________ have passed the exam.‎ ‎ —I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.‎ ‎ A. should B. could C. must D. might D D C ‎ D C ‎ ‎10. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he ‎ __________ better.［2008年高考江西卷］‎ ‎ A. need have done B. must have done ‎ C. can have done D. might have done ‎ 精题新探究 ‎ 1. Helen __________go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite ‎ ‎ sure yet.‎ ‎ A. shall B. must C. may D. can ‎ 2. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a ‎ ‎ police car. They__________ at least ‎150 km an hour.‎ ‎ A. should have been doing B. must have been doing ‎ C. could have done D. would have done ‎ 3. — Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.‎ ‎ —Well. He __________have gone far—his coat’s still here.‎ ‎ A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t D C ‎ B C ‎ ‎4. Mr. Smith is always on time for everything. How__________ it ‎ ‎ be that he was late for the flight?‎ ‎ A. can B. need C. may D. must ‎ 5. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.‎ ‎ —Thanks. You__________ it .I could manage it myself.‎ ‎ A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done ‎ C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done ‎ 6. It is her that you __________such a matter.‎ ‎ A. should consult on B. might consult on ‎ C. should consult D. must consult for ‎ 7. — The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals ‎ ‎ for 13 years before she returned. ‎ ‎ —Oh, dear! She__________ a lot of difficulties！‎ ‎ A. may go through ‎ ‎ B. might go through ‎ C. ought to have gone through ‎ D. must have gone through A B A D ‎8. The young man insisted that he __________ nothing wrong and ‎ ‎ __________free.‎ ‎ A. did; set B. had done; should be set ‎ C. should do; be set D. had done; should set ‎ 9. If it _________tomorrow ,what would we do?‎ ‎ A. rains B. would rain ‎ C. were to rain D. rain ‎ 10. —I feel I am so tired tonight.‎ ‎ —Well, it is time that you__________.‎ ‎ A. go to bed B. would go to bed ‎ C. went to bed D. are going to bed ‎11. —Did your mother go to London?‎ ‎ —No, her doctor suggested that she__________.‎ ‎ A. is not going B. not go ‎ C. hadn’t gone D. wouldn’t go B C ‎ C ‎ B ‎12. I would rather Mary __________home next Sunday.‎ ‎ A. goes B. went ‎ C. will go D. is going ‎13. It is necessary that the lazy boy __________the class meeting.‎ ‎ A. will attend B. attends ‎ C. attend D. attended ‎14. If I had seen the movie, I __________you all about it now.‎ ‎ A. would tell B. will tell ‎ C. have told D. would have told ‎15. The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if ‎ ‎ the Sun __________round the Earth.‎ ‎ A. were circling B. circles ‎ C. is circling D. be circling B C ‎ A A