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一.代替词
1.穷poor 可以用needy impoverished poverty-stricken 代替
2.幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being
3.青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents
4.优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue
5.努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for
6.从事： embark on = tap = set about = go in for
7.影响：influence= impac
8.危险：danger = perils =hazard
9.污染：pollution = contamination.
10.severe 替换掉serious（严重的）
11.special 替换成 distinct
12.want 替换成 desire
13.like 替换成 be fond of / be engaged in
14.in fact代替成as a matter of fact
15.make用enable代替
16.例如 the case 替换 true eg. I dont think it is the case （ture）
17.take the place of 用 supplantinstead other than（这个用的时候注意语法结构） 代替(:supplantin过去式直接加ed)
18.消极的，不良的：bad =用detrimental baneful undesirable 代替
19.健康的: healthy 用 robust sound wholesome 代替
20.惊人的：surprising 用 amazing extraordinary miraculous 代替
21.有活力的：energetic 用 dynamic vigorous animated 代替
22.明显的：obvious 用 apparent evident manifest 代替
23.提高，加强：improve 用enhance promote strengthen optimize 代替
24.引起：cause 用 trigger endanger 代替
25.解决：solve 用 resolve address tackle cope with deal with 代替
26. 拆除：destroy 用 tear down 、 knock down、eradicate代替
27.培养: develop 用cultivate 、 foster 、 nurture代替
28.激发，鼓励：encourage 用 motivate 、stimulate 、spur代替
29.good 指人时可以用以下形容词代替 kind honest generous selfless brave warmhearted sympathetic honorable humorous smart gentle
30.good 指事物或事情时可以用以下形容词代替
great fantastic splendid marvelous excellent wonderful meaningful enjoyable 等
31.amazing替换surprising
32.wealthy替换 rich
33.for instance替换for example
34.occasionally替换sometimes /once in while
35.seldom替换not often
36.get to one’s feet替换stand up
37.beneath替换under
38.beneath替换under
39.eventually 代替 finally
40.challenging 代替 hard
41.attach importance to 代替 pay attention to
42.delighted 代替 happy
43.prompt / immediate 代替 quick
44.marvelous替代great，incredible
45.tend 代替want
46.more often than not代替usually
47.exhausted代替tired
48.charming代替cute，attractive
49.fulfill代替achieve fulfilment代替achievement
50.set foot on代替arrive at
51.enrich代替promote
52.strengthen代替build up
53.be addicted to等于be fond of等于be devoted to
54.have a ball 替换 have a good time / enoy oneself
55.come to light 替换 discover
56.be long for sth / be long to do sth 替换 wanttodo sth / wish for
eg I want to see you very much I anm long to see you
57.more than 替换 very
58.because of =due to =owing to =thanks to
59.as a result of =as a consequence of
60. cope with 替换掉 solve（ 解决）
61.motivate 替换掉 encourage（ 激励）
62.severe 替换掉serious（严重的）
63.a severe water shortage严重缺水
64.needy替换掉 ppor（ 贫穷的）
65.wealthy 替换掉 rich （ 富裕的）
66.benificial 替换掉 good （有益的）
67.undesirable 替换掉 bad （不好的，不受欢迎的）
68.nevertheless 替换掉 however（然而，不过）
69.fundamental / significant 替换掉 important（ 重要的）
7.0.relevant 替换掉 related （有关的）
Eg：....is highly relevant to.......
71.extraodinary 替换掉 surprising （惊人的，非凡的）
72.provided/providing （that）替换掉 if （如果.....）
73.promote /strengthen 替换掉 improve （提高，加强）
74. important—significant
75.good—stunning, fabulous, sensational
76.way—approach, method
77.use—adopt
78.understand/know—figure out
79.but—nevertheless
80.so—consequently, therefore
81.because of—due to
82.like to do/want to do—be inclined to do, be willing to do
83.finish—accomplish
84.advantages and disadvantages—pros and cons
二.高级短语
jeopardize 替换掉 be bad to （损害，危及）
Failing exams could jeopardize her future.考试不及格危及她的前程.
ease 替换掉 relieve （减轻，缓解）
To ease the problem of ..... 为了缓解....的问题.....
well-being 替换掉 happiness （幸福，安康）
pros and cons 替换掉 advantages and disadvantages（好处和坏处）
You must consider all the pros and cons of the matter before you make a decision.
在你做决定之前，必须考虑这个问题的正反两个方面.
approach / method 替换掉 way（方法，方案）
adopt 替换掉 use （采用，采取）
the aged 替换掉 old people（老人）
adolescents 替换掉 the young （青少年）
employment 替换掉 job（就业）
affair 替换掉 thing （事情，东西）
bent 替换掉 gift （天赋，爱好）
catastrophe 替换掉（ disaster 灾难）
subscribe to 替换掉 agree with（ 同意）
tend 替换掉 want（趋向于..想要.....）
I am tending to another customer at he moment.
acquire 替换掉 gain （获得（尤指知识上的））
administration 替换掉 government （政府部门）
contribute to 替换掉 cause （引起）
extremely 替换掉 very （非常的）
frown on sth 替换 disagree with sth （ 不同意）
for instance 替换掉 for example （例如）
advocate 倡导
compensate for 弥补.....
Spare no efforts for努力
In contemporary society 在当今社会
A vast amount of 大量的
be abundant in 富有...
on ones own account 为了某人自己的利益
at ones own risk 自行负责
on account of 由于
On no account绝不要
arise from 由....引起
Are these any matters arising from the last meeting？
这些事情都是由上次的会议引起的吗？
assess 评估，评价
Examinations are not the only means of assessing ones ability.
考试不是评价一个人能力的唯一方法.
authentic 真实的，可信的
gradual 逐渐的
There has been a gradual improvment in ...over the last two years.
过去的两年中...逐渐改善.
....multiply rapidly ...迅速增加.
ripe 时候成熟的
The country is ripe for change.
国家已是时候改变.
trend 趋势，趋向，潮流
The trend at the moment is that ....
现在..是一个趋势.....
emphrasize 强调，重视
I ’ d like to emphrasize how important it is to ....
sustainable development 可持续发展
三.高级句型
1. It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth while raising the quality of the population.
一定要指出的是国家基本政策之一是在提高人口质量的同时控制人口增长。
2. It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work.
一定要记住的是成功的秘密是努力的工作。
3. It can be seen from this that there is no difficulty in the world we cannot overcome.从这里可看出，世上没有克服不了的困难。
5. As is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。
6. It is a common saying that where there is a will ,there is a way
俗话说，有志者，事竟成。
7. It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each day.
很难想象爱迪生每天是怎样工作20小时的。
8. It‘s hard to say whether the plan is practical.这个计划是否实际很难说。
9. There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties.
毫无疑问，你有困难时，会得到别人的帮助。
10. To tell the truth , many mistakes we made could have been avoided.
老实说我们所犯的许多错误本来都能够避免的。
11. As we know, it was not until recently that the problem was solved.
正如我们指的的一样，直到最近，这个问题才被解决。
13. All this shows that nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims.
这显示了没有事情能够阻挡我们实现目标。
14. As far as we know, it took him more than a year to write the book.
到目前为止我们所知道的是，他用了10年的时间来写这本书。
15. It has been proved that his theory is right.已经证明，他的理论是对的。
17. To be frank, whether you like it or not, you have no other choice.
老实说，不论你喜不喜欢，你别无选择。
19. We will be successful as long as we insist on working hard.
只要我们坚持努力工作，我们会成功的。
21. It is true that we must make our greater efforts; otherwise we cannot catch up with the developed countries.
是真的，我们要作出更大的努力，不然/否则，我们不能赶上发达国家。
22. I take it for granted that they will support this idea.
我认为他们会支持这个提议是理所当然的。
24. In a certain sense, a successful scientist is a person who is never satisfied with what he has achieved.
在某种情况下，一个成功的科学家就是一个绝不满足于自己已取得的成就的人。
25. There is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the production. 不可否认的事实是，新的管理方法已经极大提高了产量。
26. Upon / On hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn‘t say a word. 一听到这个出乎意料的消息，他惊讶到说不出话来。
27. As the saying goes, nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.
俗话说，世上无难事，只怕有心人。
28. Noting can prevent us from realizing the four modernizations.
没有事情可以阻止我们实现四个现代化。
29. Now in China, more and more families can afford to buy high-grade goods, such as washing machines, TV sets, video-recorders.在今时今日的中国，越来越多的家庭有能力买高档次的货物，例如洗衣机、电视机和录像机。
30. No matter how difficult English may be, you should do your best to learn it.
不管英语有多么难，你都应该尽你最大的努力来学它。
31. The number of visitors has increased year by year. As a result of Reform and Open Policy, the number of them has been increasing greatly each year.
游客的数量逐年递增，由于改革开发政策，游客的数量已经每年大幅增加。
32. You will forget your tiredness and build up your health.你会忘记疲劳，建造健康。
33. But sometimes traveling is not an enjoyable thing, for example, the weather can be changeable. You may be caught in the rain and may catch a cold while travelling. 但有时候，旅游不一定是一件令人享受的事，举个例子，天气多变。你有可能在旅程中被雨淋或着凉感冒。
34. The worst thing is that you may have your money stolen and you may have an injury. All these are terrible things which can happen to a tourist.最糟糕的事情事你的钱可能被偷或者你也能发生意外。所有这些事情都是有可能发生在你身上的。
35. you must be careful everywhere and try to avoid accidents.
你必须要处处小心，尽量去避免意外。
36．Our factories will try our best to meet the requirements of consumers.
我们的工厂们会尽最大努力来满足顾客们的要求。
37.Last Sunday, our class organized some volunteer’s activities, in which all of us took an active part.上个星期天，我们班组织一些志愿活动，我们所有人都参加了。
38.These volunteer’s activities can help us to gain some social experience and make
good sense of our personal values as well. 这些义务活动能帮我们获取一些社会经验同时也能帮我们意识到自身的价值。
39. Group three helped to raise money in the street for the “Hope Project”, so that more children in poor areas can afford their schooling.第三组帮忙到街上集款给“希望工程”，以至于有更多的贫困地区的孩子们能读得起书。
40. Compared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more interesting and lively.与传统的卡片相比，电子卡更有趣和生动。
41. In Guangming Middle School, every Sunday afternoon from 2:30 p.m.to 4:30 p.m., there is an English corner. 在光明中学，每周日下午从2.30到4.30，有一个英语角。
42. Apart from students from Guangming Middle school, the attendants include students from other middle schools or colleges, even doctors and engineers.
除了光明中学的学生之外，参加的人还有其他中学的学生或大学的学生，甚至还有医生和工程师们。
3.All the teachers and the students are expected to be present at the art festival. There is sure to be a lot of fun. Do come and join us.所有的老师和学生都要出席学校的艺术节。到时肯定很好玩。请务必到场加入我们。
44.Although Li Hua was the last one to cross the finishing line, he won the “Courage Cup” with honor. I was deeply touched by Li Hua’s great determination.
虽然李华是最后一个冲线的人，但他赢得了勇气杯。我被李华的坚强意志深深地感动了。
45. More should be done to strengthen industry's links with universities.
应该做更多的事情加强工业界和大学的联系.
46. We are looking for someone who will be able to motivate the staff to work hard.
我们在寻找能激励职员们努力工作的人.
四.高级结构和固定句
首先, 第一: initially, to begin with, to start with
其次, 第二, 第三, 第四……: furthermore, moreover, in addition, besides
最后: finally, last but not the least
l 现在(目前), XXXX现象是不可避免且难以否认的
Currently, there is an inevitable and undeniable fact that ……
At present, it is inevitable and undeniable that …..
例句: Currently, there is an inevitable and undeniable fact that computer is playing a significant role in our daily lives\At present, it is inevitable and undeniable that advertisement has been flooding into our daily lives
l 随着社会(科技)的发展,人们开始注意到XXXX的重要性
Along with the advance of the society (science and technology), people are attaching much importance to ……
例句: Along with the advance of the society, people are attaching more and more importance to the interview in the job-hunting
l 最近, XXXXX现象引起了人们的广泛关注
Recently, the phenomenon of (that) …… has aroused wide public concern
例句: Recently, the phenomenon that CPI keeps increasing has aroused wide public concern
l 一部分人认为……., 而另一部分人认为……
Some people argue that….., whereas others maintain that….
l 就我个人而言(老实说), 我全力支持前者(后者)
As for me, I am in high favor of the former (latter)
Personally, I side with the former (latter)
Frankly speaking/ To be frank/ To be honest/ Honestly speaking, it is the former (latter) that I approve of
l 我认为(在我看来,就我看来,我的观点是, 我想…
I am convinced that
As far as I am concerned,
To my point of view,
From where I stand,
l 作为一把双刃剑
as a two-bladed sword, as a double-edged sword
l 因此, 基于以上讨论, 我们很容易得出……的结论
Hence (Consequently), based on the discussion above, it is easy for us to draw the conclusion that…..
² 英语四级作文万能句
（一）段首句
n 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ . Some people suggest that ____.
n 俗话说（常言道）……它是我们前辈的经历，
但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，
however，it is correct in many cases even today.
n 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。
首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.
First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
n 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……
Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______.
n 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
n 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来……
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
n 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
n ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
n ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
n 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?
（二）中间段落句
u 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。
On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.
u 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。
But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.
u ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……
______is necessary and important to our country"s development and construction. First，______.What"s more, _____.Most important of all,______.
u 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。
There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______
u 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。
一方面……，另一方面，
Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______.
For one thing，______For another，______
u 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。
It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.
u 为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。 总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.
u 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，例如……。
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.
u 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.
u 完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：
I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.
（三）结尾句
v 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.
v 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。
只有这样，我们才能在将来……。
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.
Only in this way can ______in the future.
v 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。
然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）……
But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.
v 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……
Personally, I believe that_____.
Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.
v 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。
如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。
With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
v 至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……
For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____.
v 对我来说，我认为有必要……。
原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是……
In my opinion, I think it necessary to____.
The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______.
v 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。
然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。
It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______.
v 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……
From what has been discussed above,
we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.
v 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……
If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.
n 英语作文万能句子：8种实用句型
Ø 一.开头句型
1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言
2.It goes without saying that... ...不言而喻，
3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......
4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，
5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...
6.It's generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...
7.It's likely that ... 这可能是因为...
8.It's hardly that... 这是很难的......
9.It's hardly too much to say that... 它几乎没有太多的说…
10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是
11.There's no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…
13.what's far more important is that... 更重要的是…
Ø 二.衔接句型
1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...
2.As is often the case...由于通常情况下...
3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述
4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……
5.But it's a pity that... 但遗憾的是…
6.For all that...对于这一切...... In spite of the fact that...尽管事实......
7.Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...
8.However , the difficulty lies in...然而，困难在于…
9.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...
10.not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是
11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势
12.As has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的…
13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说
14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is...
然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …
Ø 三.结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…
3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......
4.Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是…
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….
通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
6. The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….
通过数据我们得到的结论是，....
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好
Ø 四.举例句型
1. Let's take...to illustrate this.
2. let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.
3. Here is one more example.
4. Take … for example.
5.The same is true of….
6. This offers a typical instance of….
7. We may quote a common example of….
8.Just think of….
Ø 五.常用于引言段的句型
1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…
To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.
坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。
2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.
多年来，……一直被视为……，但今天的情况有很大的不同。
3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…
4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意这一观点的…
5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。
6. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…
7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….有一个长期运行的辩论，是否…
8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….
它通常是认为…
9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.
就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。
10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。
Ø 六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法
1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.
2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.
3. A and B differ in….
4. A differs from B in….
5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….
6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….
7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….
8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….
9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.
10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….
11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….
Ø 七 演绎法常用的句型
1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。
2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占...，但以下是最典型的。
3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。
4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.
一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。
5. The reasons are as follows.
八 因果推理法常用句型
由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多——
1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.
2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.
3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learned a lot.
4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot.
吃太多导致超重——
5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.
6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.
7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.
8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.
² 一高级词汇
1occur 替换 think of
Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.
→An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.
→It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.
2devote替换spend
He spends all his spare time in reading.
→ He devotes all his spare time to reading.
3seek替换want / look for seel-sought
→hey sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees.
4average 替换ordinary
→I’m an average ( ordinary ) student.
5but替换very
The film we saw last night was very interesting.
→ The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.
→The film we saw last night was anything but boring.
6seat 替换sit →→→
On his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried.
7 suppose 替换should
He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.
8appreciate 替换thank Thank you very much for you help. → We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated.
9the case替换 true I don’t think it is the case ( true ).
10on替换as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research. → On his arrival, he began his research..
11due to替换because of He arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm.
12cover替换walk/read After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.
13contribute to替换 be helpful/useful Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. → Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.
14round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby ① The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans? ② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby).
15come to light替换discover The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. → The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.
16have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ).
17come up with替换think of Jack is very clever. He often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas.
18set aside替换save Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004天津卷)
19be of + n. 替换adj. The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China.
20refer to 替换talk about/of, mention The professor you referred to (talked about ) is very famous.
21can not but / can not help but替换have to do I could not but (had to) go home.
22more often than not替换usually More often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.
23lest替换so that /in order that I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. → I wrote down his telephone number lest I (should) forget it.
24be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换want to do sth./wish for I want to see you very much. → I am long to see you.
25be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps.
26more than替换very ① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September. → I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September. ( NMET 2003 ) ② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.(2004全国卷)
27perfect (ly) 替换good/ very well He speaks perfect ( good ) English./ He speaks English perfectly ( very well ).
28do sb a/the favor 替换help Would you please do me the favor ( help me ) to
turn down the radio?
29the other day替换a few days ago The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. ( NMET 1997 )
30in the course of替换during In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.
31the majority of替换most The majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.
32consist of替换be made up of Our class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students.
33be worn out替换 be tired / broken ① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired). ② My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair.
34become of替换 happen What do think has become of ( happened to ) him ?
35attend to替换look after
36on condition that替换as long as
37nevertheless替换however
38express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with
39spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to do
40many a 替换many
41be rushed off one’s feet 替换be busy in doing
42a handful of替换a little / some
43meanwhile替换at the same time
44get to one’s feet替换stand up
45beneath替换under
46occasionally替换sometimes /once in while
47for instance替换for example
48seldom替换not often
49wealthy替换 rich
50amazing替换surprising
51as a matter of fact 替换in fact
二高级句型结构 ◆ It句型 ① It will be + some time + before…
It won’t be long before humans visit the Mars.
② It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth.
It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much. He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.2008年湖北卷
③ It is + 被强调部分 + that„
1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.
2) Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.
◆ more …than any other 表示最高级
Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else.
◆名词从句
①It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. ( 2004 全国卷 Ⅲ )
② My hometown is no longer what it used to be.
◆非限制性定语从句
①The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.→ The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (NMET 2003)
② It was quite an experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life. (2002 北京卷)
◆分词结构
①I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. (NMET 2001)
②We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. (2004 全国卷Ⅱ)
③Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.2004 辽宁卷
④ Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.2008年湖南卷
◆with结构
①A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured.
② He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand. ◆ 倒装句
① The library is to the east of the teaching building. → East of the teaching building is the library.
② Although we are tired, we are happy.→ Tired as we are, we are happy.
②Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷)
④ May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.! 2007年湖南卷
◆被动语态
①Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002)
②All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004全国卷 Ⅳ)
③ New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷)
◆巧妙的改写
1Only 改成no one but Only Tom passed the exam last week. → No one but Tom passed the exam.
2as soon as …改成No sooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/The moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.
3have sb/sth do/done The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.).
4变换插入语的位置
① However, they suggest fees should be charged low. → They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. (NMET 2002)
② I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. → This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷Ⅰ)
5用同位语代替非限制性定语从句
Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.→ Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.
Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays
and poems that are read all over the world.2008年湖南卷
◆ 其它
1注重句子的开头
①用with复合结构开头
With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.
With his help, we've learned how to analyze and settle problems.2006年湖南卷
With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want.2009年江苏卷
②用非谓语动词形式开头
1In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest. ⅱWalking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.
2长短句交错使用注意应突出主题句长句子并非越长越好
◆ 相关过渡语
1). 表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, laterfirst of all, finally, at last…
2). 表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side…
3). 表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise…
4). 表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus…
5). 表示递进关系: besides, what’s more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in addition, on top of…
6). 表示并列关系: and, as well as, also…
7). 表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief, to conclude…
1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken
2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off
3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding
4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous
5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable
6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest
7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome
8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous
9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching
10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated
11. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive
1.Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant
2.Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous
3.Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful
4.Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent
5.Poor 贫穷的Impoverished
7.Serious 严重的Severe
8.Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 9.cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive
★ 动词：
1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize
2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger
3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with
4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate
5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture
6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur
7. 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue
8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve
9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold
10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize
11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten
1.Improve 提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance
2.change 改变：Transform
3.Emphasize 强调：Highlight、Stress、Address(这是个9星级用法)
4.Develop培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture
5.Break 破坏：Impair、Undermine这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate
6.Keep 保存Preserve、Conserve 保护资源
7.deal With解决Tackle、Address（这也是高难度用法，很牛）、Resolve 8.need 需要Require、necessitate、call for
★ 名词：
1. 影响：influence= impact
2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard
3. 污染：pollution = contamination
4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race
5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens
6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being
7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers
8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing
9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents
10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue
11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability
12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill
13. 职业： job = career = employment = profession
14. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment
15. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid
1.Forefather 祖先Ancestor、Predecessor
2.Difference不同Gap（简单但是牛）、Distinction
3.Crime 犯罪Delinquency、Criminal Act
4.Environment 环境Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience
5.Pollution 污染Contamination
6.Human 人类The human race Humanity Humankind
7.Danger 危险Peril、Hazard
8.In modern society 在当今社会In contemporary society In present-day society In this day and age
★ 短语：
1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with
2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for 3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for
4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age
5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of
★ 插入语
1.indeed的确， 2.surely无疑， 3.however然而， 4.obviously显然， 5.frankly坦率地说， 6.naturally自然， 7.luckily (或happily)for sb.算某人幸运， 8.fortunately/luckily幸好， 9.honestly真的， 10.briefly简单地说, 11.strange to say说也奇怪， 12.needless to say不用说， 13.most impor tant of all最为重要是， 13.worse still更糟糕的是， 14.in a few words(或in sum，in short)简而言之， 15.in other words换句话说，
16.in a sense在某种意义上， 17.in general一般说来， 18.in my view在我看来， 19.in conclusion总之， 20.in summary概括地说， 21.in fact事实上， 22.in the first place首先， 23.in addition此外， 24.of course当然， 25.to my knowledge据我所知， 26.for instance(或example)例如， 27.as a matter of fact事实上,
28.strictly speaking严格地说， 29.generally speaking一般地说， 30.judging from…根据……判断,
31.to be sure无疑， 32.to sum up概括地说， 33.to tell the truth老实说, 34.I am sure我可以肯定地说，
35.I believe我相信， 36.I wonder我不知道， 37.that is也就是说， 38.it seems看来是， 39.as I see it照我看来， 40.what is important (serious)重要(严重)的是
1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
2损害： Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize
3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford
4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster
5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
6 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
7 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle
8 重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative
9 认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced
10 保护：Protect, conserve, preserve
11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge
12 有害的： Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental
13 要求 ：Request, demand, needs, requisition
14 消除 ：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away
15 导致： Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate
16 因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this
17 增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to
18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to
19保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out
20 急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably
21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly
22 宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim
23 发生：Happen, occur, take place
24 原因：Reason, factor, cause
25 发展：Development, advance, progress
26 有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding， advantageous
27 影响：Influence, impact, effect
28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear
29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose
30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to
31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely
32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe
33 大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly
34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation
35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that
36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle.
1.individuals,characters, folks替换people ,persons
2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good
3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换
Eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.
4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.
注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。 Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.
5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some
6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think (因为是书面语，所以要加that)
7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing
8: shared 代 common
9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits )
10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion
11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.
Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.
Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.
12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly
13..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful
14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer
15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very
16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable
17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in
18.capture one’s attention替换attract one’s attention.
19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect
20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear
21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause
22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth
23.desire 替换want
24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to
25.bear in mind that 替换remember
26. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)
27. interaction替换communication
28.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth
29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance
30. next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible
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