高考阅读理解题型观点态题详解及练习 11页

后面有练习 最后是练习的答案，包括词汇和难点解析。都是我一个一个字打上去的 高考考纲中对考生阅读理解部分的要求如下：（1）理解主旨和要义 （2）理解文中具体信息 （3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义 （3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义 （4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度 （5）理解文章的基本结构 对应有（1）主旨大意题 （2）细节与推理判断题 （3）词义猜测提 （4）观点态度题 （5）篇章结构题 五种基本的阅读理解题型。‎ 今天我们要讲的就是五种基本题型之一的观点态度题 例一、 [2009年陕西卷]“Old wives’ tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For example, most of us remember our parents’ telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time.‎ ‎ Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration….‎ Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’ tales. After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated from thousands of years of experience in family health care. …‎ ‎54. What is the author’s attitude toward “old wives’ tales” in the text?‎ A. Subjective B. Objective C. Dissatisfied D. Curious ‎ 例二、The internet will open up new vistas (前景), create the global village—you can make new friends all around the world. That, at least, is what it promised us. The difficulty is that it did not take the human mind into account. The reality is that we cannot keep relationships with more than a limited number of people. No matter how hard the internet tries to put you in communication, its best efforts will be defeated by your mind.‎ The problem is twofold（双重的）. First, there is a limit on the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with. That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain. Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest （投入）in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute what’s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline （减弱）until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.‎ This is not, of course, to say that the internet doesn’t serve a socially valuable function. Of course it does. But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the rest of the world, but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends going even though you have to more to the other side of the world.‎ In one sense, that’s a good thing. But it also has a disadvantage. If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see them, then certainly you aren’t using your time to make new friends where you now live. And I suspect that probably isn’t the best use of your time. Meaningful relationships are about being able to communicate with each other, face to face. The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end, but it won’t stop that happening eventually.‎ ‎75、What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the internet to strengthen relationships?‎ A. He is uncertain about it. B. He is hopeful of it.‎ C. He approves of it. D. He doubts it.‎ 例三、This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.‎ ‎30、What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?‎ A.Tolerant B.Doubtful C.Respectful D.Supportive 引类问题的几种提问方式 ‎(1)What’s the writer’s attitude to …?‎ ‎(2)What’s the tone of the passage?‎ ‎(3)The author’s view is _______‎ ‎(4)The writer’s attitude of .this passage is apparently _________‎ ‎(5)The author’s opinion could be best described as_________‎ ‎(6)Which of the following statements would the author be LEAST /MOST likely to agree with?‎ ‎(7)Which of the following statements indicates the author’s attitude toward ____?‎ 推测作者的写作意图时，必须要先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述重点和材料的安排。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者 ；广告类英文文的目的一般是为了推销产品或者服务 ；议论文的目的是要阐述观点 ；科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识，帮助大家广文博见 。‎ 大家做题之前，应先熟悉在考题中常常出现的表示态度的词汇。‎ 表示客观的词：objective, impartial, neutral（中立的），disinterested无私的 unbiased没有偏见的unprejudiced公平的，无偏见的 factual事实的，实际的 informative提供信息的 主观的/偏见的：subjective, prejudiced, biased, partial 漠不关心：Indifferent, uninterested, carefree, detached, unconcerned 困惑、迷茫不知所措的：confused, perplexed, puzzled, ambiguous 感情色彩深、程度深：enthusiastic, strong, completely, radical 程度较浅，谨慎的：preserved, qualified, tempered, guarded 积极意义的：positive肯定的，积极的favorable赞成的，有利的consent赞成，同意supportive支持的，支援的defensive辩护的，保卫的optimistic乐观的confident自信的，确信的respectful尊敬的approval赞成，承认sympathetic赞成，支持 humorous幽默的 sober清醒的 消极意义的：negative否定的，消极的critical批评的sarcastic（讽刺的）worried焦虑的，担心的pessimistic悲观的apprehensive忧虑的opposed反对的suspicious怀疑的doubtful可疑的，不确定的ironic说反话的，讽刺的disapproval不赞成objection反对，不赞成opposition反对criticism批评，批判 indignant气愤的 做观点态度题时要注意：‎ ‎1.注意不要把我们自己的好恶态度糅进其中，不要用带有主观倾向的视角评判作者态度。‎ ‎2.作者引用别人的观点时，我们勿必分辨清楚作者引用的观点是作为支持还是反对的例证，要注意区分作者本人的态度和作者引用的观点的态度。‎ ‎3.有作者观点、态度是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定。对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩旺旺隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或者副词如：fortunately, excessively, too many等 练习 一、You may not have heard of Ashoka，but for the past 27 years，this association，founded by Bill Drayton，has fought poverty（贫困）and sickness，promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes，Ashoka provides money for the world’s most promising “changemakers” seeking to solve（解决）urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.‎ ‎75、The author’s attitude towards Ashoka’s program can be described as . ‎ A.changing B.forgiving C.cautious D.positive 二、[2009年浙江卷]Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at photo 51. It wasn’t much -–a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really ‎ showed—the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Willkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.‎ ‎ Her name was Rosalind Franklin. “if her photo hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.” one reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitions.‎ ‎ …‎ ‎ What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return,” …‎ As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers…Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklins was only two steps away from the solution.”‎ ‎ No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer,” …‎ ‎64. What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?‎ A Disapproving. B. Respectful. C. Admiring. D. Doubtful.‎ 三、 [2009全国I卷]‎ ‎ We spent about two hours in Nancy, then sailed on the Canal de la Marne au Rhine. Kind of a lazy day, eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner. After dinner we watched a tape on Baccarat, where we will visit tomorrow.‎ ‎ It was pleasant to sit out on deck (甲板) and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph.‎ Today we sailed from Schneckenbush to Saverne. We went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey. This river scenery is very different. We were in a mountain valley with grassland on one side and a forest beginning to show some color on the other.‎ ‎79. What does the author think of the tour? ‎ A. Tiring. B. Expensive. C. Enjoyable. D. Quick.‎ 四、Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists（心理学家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people's lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival（生存）. ‎ Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. ‎ The writer of the text has a ____ attitude towards dangerous sports.‎ A. positive（肯定的） B. negative（否定的） C. neutral （中立的）　 D. Nervous 五、Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around. And judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I'm not alone in my opinion. (2008年浙江卷D篇)‎ ‎54. What was the writer’s attitude towards jogging in the beginning?‎ A. He felt it was worth a try.‎ B. He was very fond of it.‎ C. He was strongly against it.‎ D. He thought it must be painful.‎ 六、[2009年浙江卷]In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh(法老) treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.‎ ‎ Shades of that spirit spread over today’s conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, “Oh boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it’s going to rain.” I wanted to strike him on the race with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his smile.‎ It’s not the news that makes someone angry. It’s the unsympathetic attitude with which it’s delivered. …‎ ‎57. In the writer’s opinion, his neighbor was ________.‎ A. friendly B. warm-hearted C. not considerate D. not helpful 七、On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father's friends for lunch at an outdoor café. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate at the street table, and laughed over my son's funny facial expressions. Gone was my father's critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before? (2008年全国卷I A篇)‎ ‎58. What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?‎ A. More critical. B. More talkative. C. Gentle and friendly. D. Strict and hard-working.‎ 需要强调的是，学生在解答作者观点、态度和意图题时往往易犯主观臆断、凭空想象、随意揣测、以自己的观点代替作者的观点等错误。因此，要特别注意以下几个问题：‎ 1. 对于新闻报道，作者往往持中立态度。而对于议论文，作者的态度要么支持，要么反对，带中立色彩的选项常常是错误的。同时，感情色彩过于强烈的表达也应该排除。‎ 2. 不要加入自己的态度。要注意区分考察的是作者的态度还是作者引用的别人的态度 3. 当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要根据作者在文章中所运用的具有褒贬含义的词语去判断作者的态度，如wonderfully，successfully，unfortunately，doubtful等。‎ 4. 注意辨认那些是事实，哪些是观点，并在此基础上将上下文联系起来分析，最后确认文章所陈述的内容到底代表了作者的观点 课后练习：‎ 一、Autumn means different things to different people．“It all depends on your personality，”said British naturalist Richard Mabey．“Personality shapes your view of the season，”he said．“You may see it as a fading-away，a packing up（结束），or as a time of packing in another sense—the exciting gathering of resources before a long journey．”‎ If this is true，perhaps it tells us a little about，for instance，Thomas Hood，the 19th Century English poet．About November，he wrote：‎ No warmth，no cheerfulness，no healthful ease No shade，no shine，no butterflies，no bees November!‎ On the other hand，another English poet John Keats，already sensing he was seriously ill，was inspired by a late September day to pen one of the most famous poems in the English language，To Autumn．He wrote to a friend afterwards that there was something comforting and healing about it．‎ According to Richard Mabey，Keats has the biological evidence on his side．Autumn is not a time of slowing down，but a time of new beginnings and great movements of creatures．For example，just at the moment that Keats’s “gathering swallows”（in To Autumn）are departing for Africa，millions of creatures are fleeing from the frozen north like Iceland，Greenland and Russia to winter along the east and south coasts of Britain．According to scientists，before falling，the leaves transfer their chlorophyll（叶绿素）and carbohydrates into the woody parts of the tree for safe keeping over winter．What remains is the natural antioxidants（防老剂）in the leaves：the yellow and orange carotenoids（类胡萝卜素），and another protective chemical specially produced for autumn，the bright-red anthocyanin（花青素）．High color is not a signal of deterioration（退化）and decline，but of detox（排毒的）ability and good health．‎ A century after Keats，the American poet Loren Eiseley wrote in his journal：“Suppose we saw ourselves burning like maples in a golden autumn．And that we could break up like autumn leaves．．． dropping their substance like chlorophyll．Would not our attitude towards death be different?”‎ ‎1、From Thomas Hood’s poem，we may infer that ______．‎ A.he suffered a lot from cold November B.he missed the shining summer days very much C.he had a negative attitude towards autumn D.he enjoyed butterflies and bees very much ‎2、In autumn，leaves turn yellow before falling because ______．‎ A.they can’t bear the freezing B.they can’t get enough water from the wood part C.chlorophyll and carbohydrates have been lost through leaves D.chlorophyll and carbohydrates have come back to the wood part ‎3、From the passage we can learn that ______．‎ A.autumn has different faces in different people’s eyes B.John Keats was a good biologist as well as a poet C.all creatures move from the cold north to Britain for winter D.the three poets were only known for their poems about autumn ‎4、Which word can best describe Loren Eiseley’s attitude towards autumn?‎ A.Fearful． B.Optimistic． C.Doubtful． D.Realistic．‎ ‎5、What does the underlined sentence mean?‎ A.Man can never live long，just as leaves must leave the tree annually．‎ B.Man is different from autumn leaves，which will come again the next spring．‎ C.Man should have a positive attitude towards death，quite different from autumn leaves．‎ D.Man should treat death calmly，just as autumn leaves fall to the ground．‎ 二、When I was young I wanted to be a model，so when a national contest was staged，I convinced my parents to take me for an audition（试演）．I was selected and told I had potential．They said that for only $900 I could attend a weekend event which dozens of the most prestigious（有声望的）modeling agencies from around the world would attend．At 13，my hopes of fame and fortune clouded all judgment and I begged my parents to let me go．We have never been rich，but they saw my enthusiasm and agreed．‎ I imagined being signed by some famous model companies．For months，any boredom or disappointment I faced was pushed aside because I knew 1 would soon have the chance to be a real model．I thought I would grace the covers of famous magazines!‎ Of course，1 wasn’t signed，but what hurt the most was being told that if I grew to 5′9″（about 1.75 metres）I could be a success．I prayed for a growth spurt（冲刺）because I could not imagine giving up my dream．I made an appointment with a local modeling agency and the agent demanded $500 for classes，$500 for a photo shoot，and $300 for other expenses．My parents only agreed after hours and hours of my begging．‎ The agency sent me out on a few auditions，but with every day I didn’t receive a call，I grew more depressed．The final straw came in July after I had decided to focus on commercial modeling．There was an open call in New York City．We spent hours driving and another few hours waiting，only to be told that 1 was too short．I was devastated（极度不安的）．‎ Years later，I realized that the trip to New York was good as it made me notice I didn’t actually love modeling，just the idea of it．I wanted to be special and I was innocently determined to reach an impossible goal．The experience has made me stronger and that will help me in the future．‎ ‎1、What’s the main reason why the author wanted to be a model?‎ A.She won a national contest．‎ B.She wanted to get reputation and wealth．‎ C.She was urged by some modeling agencies．‎ D.She had full potential to be a successful model．‎ ‎2、What’s the author’s parents’ attitude toward her dream?‎ A.Encouraging． B.Worried． C.Doubtful． D.Enthusiastic．‎ ‎3、What was it that made the author end her attempt to become a model?‎ A.Her parents were strongly against it．‎ B.She realized that it was impossible for her．‎ C.Even a local modeling agency turned her down．‎ D.She realized that she didn’t actually love the idea of modeling．‎ ‎4、The underlined phrase “The final straw” probably means ______．‎ A.the last in a series of bad things that happen to make someone very upset，angry，etc B.the final result that she was admitted by the model company C.the final audition given by the agency D.the decision that she made at last not to be a model any more ‎5、What did the author learn from her experience of struggling to be a model?‎ A.Where there’s a will there’s a way．‎ B.Being a model is not that easy．‎ C.We should have our own judgment and should not just follow others．‎ D.We might set unpractical goals but the experience can help us grow．‎ 三、Nowadays more and more traditional businessmen feel worried that growing e-commerce will decrease their share of the market．‎ According to a survey，90％ of some people’s purchases are made on the computer．As they find that by being able to go shopping online and choose the things that they need，and have them delivered right to their doorsteps，they could no longer be bothered with driving，the crowds，the noise of that，and they usually get a better selection．But sometimes they are cheated only to get the things they hate．‎ Cornell University Marketing Professor Edward McLaughlin says traditional stores can keep their customers by offering goods like clothing，which customers may want to see and try on before purchasing，as well as items that are difficult to transport．He says some traditional stores are also pleasing customers with services such as setting up or repairing computers and other electronic equipment．‎ Traditional stores also offer social experiences that some shoppers enjoy．There is still a lot of emotion in the buying decision that takes place．Often times，you need that last sense of “this is exactly what I want before you part with money．And you can’t always get that online．It’s a rather cold process．‎ As more and more people have Internet access and smart phones，online commerce is likely to continue its growth here in the United States and in other countries．‎ ‎1、Traditional businessmen feel upset because ______．‎ A.people like to have their goods taken good care of B.growing online sales will seize their share of the market C.more and more young people purchase things on the computer D.consumers can always get a better selection by shopping online ‎2、According to McLaughlin，some traditional stores are keeping customers by______．‎ A.giving customers electronic toys as presents B.making their goods better and cheaper C.delivering goods to each doorstep D.providing customers with extra services ‎3、From the fourth paragraph，we know that ______．‎ A.online shoppers tend to be friendly to each other B.the process of shopping online is full of emotion C.making buying decisions in traditional shops is difficult D.some shoppers like the social environment in traditional stores ‎4、What is the author’s attitude towards the future online commerce?‎ A.Optimistic． B.Doubtful． C.Worried． D.Concerned．‎ 四、Last summer, two nineteenth-century cottages were rescued from remote farm fields in Montana, to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco. The houses were made of wood. These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry Montana soil; now they hold Twitter engineers. ‎ The cottages could be an example of the industry’s odd love affair with “low technology,” a concept associated with the natural world, and with old-school craftsmanship (手艺) that exists long before the Internet era. Low technology is not virtual (虚拟的)—so, to take advantage of it, Internet companies have had to get creative. The rescued wood cottages, fitted by hand in the late eighteen-hundreds, are an obvious example, but Twitter’s designs lie on the extreme end. Other companies are using a broader interpretation (阐释) of low technology that focuses on nature. ‎ Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees, so that employees can “work and socialize in a more natural, park-like setting” At Google’s office, an entire floor is carpeted in grass. Facebook’s second Menlo park campus will have a rooftop park with a walking trail. ‎ Olle Lundberg, the founder of Lundberg Design, has worked with many tech companies over the years. “We have lost the connection to the maker in our lives. and our tech engineers are the ones who feel most impoverished (贫乏的), because they’re surrounded by the digital world,” he says. “They’re looking for a way to regain their individual identity, and we’re found that introducing real crafts is one way to do that. ”‎ This craft-based theory is rooted in history. William Morris, the English artist and writer, turned back to pre-industrial arts in the eighteen-sixties, just after the Industrial Revolution. The Arts and Crafts movement defined itself against machines. “Without creative human occupation, people became disconnected from life,” Morris said. ‎ Research has shown that natural environments can restore (恢复) our mental capacities. In Japan, patients are encouraged to “forest-bathe,” taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure. ‎ These health benefits apply to the workplace as well. Rachel Kaplan, a professor of environmental psychology, has spent years researching the restorative effects of natural environments. Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office—even simple views of trees and flowers—felt their jobs were less stressful and more satisfying. If low-tech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then, fine, bring on the cottage. ‎ ‎50、The writer mentions the two nineteenth-century cottages to show that ________. ‎ A.Twitter is having a hard time B.old cottages are in need of protection C.early settlers once suffered from a dry climate in Montana D.Internet companies have rediscovered the benefits of low technology ‎51、 Low technology is regarded as something that ________. ‎ A. is related to nature B.is out of date today C. consumes too much energy D.exists in the virtual world ‎52、The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that human beings ________. ‎ A.have destroyed many pre-industrial arts B.have a tradition of valuing arts and crafts ‎ C.can become intelligent by learning history D.can regain their individual identity by using machines ‎53、The writer’ s attitude to “low technology”can best be described as ________. ‎ A. positive B.defensive C. cautious D.doubtful ‎54、What might be the best title for the passage?‎ A.Past Glories, Future Dreams. B.The Virtual World, the Real Challenge. ‎ C.High-tech Companies, Low-tech Offices. D.The More Craftsmanship, the Less Creativity.‎ 五、Does Fame Drive You Crazy?‎ Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, today，s stars, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the world’s attention. Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their ‎ personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!‎ According to psychologist Christina Villarreal, celebrities — famous people — worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time,” Villarreal says, “they feel separated and alone.”‎ The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B.C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.‎ Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.‎ If fame is so troublesome, why aren’t all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.‎ Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.‎ ‎63、It can be learned from the passage that stars today .‎ A. are often misunderstood by the public B. can no longer have their privacy protected C. spend too much on their public appearance D. care little about how they have come into fame ‎64、What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?‎ A. Great heroes of the past were generally admired.‎ B. The problem faced by celebrities has a long history. ‎ C. Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.‎ D. Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.‎ ‎65、What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?‎ A. Availability of modern media. B. Inadequate social recognition. ‎ C. Lack of favorable chances. D. Huge population of fans.‎ ‎66、What is the author’s attitude toward modern celebrity?‎ A. Sincere. B. Sceptical. C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.‎ 六、If you exhibit positive characteristics such as honesty and helpfulness，the chances are that you will be thought as a good-looking person，for a new study has found that the perception（认知）of physical attractiveness is influenced by a person’s personality．‎ The study，which was led by Gary W．Lewandowski，has found that people who exhibit negative characteristics，such as unfairness and rudeness，appear to be less physically attractive to observers．In the study，the participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information about their personalities．‎ After personality information was received，participants also rated the probability of each individual’s becoming a friend and a dating partner．Information on personality was found to significantly change the probability，showing that cognitive（认知的）processes modify（修改）judgments of attractiveness．‎ ‎“Thinking a person as having a desirable personality makes the person more suitable in general as a close relationship partner of any kind，”said Lewandowski．‎ The findings show that a positive personality leads to greater expectation of becoming friends，which leads to greater expectation of becoming romantic partners and，finally，to being viewed as more physically ‎ attractive．The findings remained consistent regardless of how “attractive” the individual was formerly thought to be or of the participants’ current relationship status．‎ ‎“This research provides a positive outcome by reminding people that personality goes a long way toward determining your attractiveness；it can even change people’s impressions of how good-looking you are，”said Lewandowski．‎ ‎1、In the study the participants were required to ______．‎ A.try to make friends with each other B.try to prove positive characters make people more attractive C.exhibit negative characters such as unfairness and rudeness D.rate one’s attractiveness by photos before and after knowing her or his personality ‎2、What’s the CORRECT order of how cognitive processes modify judgments of _____attractiveness?‎ a．find a person with a positive personality b．view the person more physically attractive c．want to make friends with the person d．want to be his/her romantic partner A.a→c→d→b B.d→c→b→a C.c→b→a→d D.a→d→c→b ‎3、Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?‎ A.The research reminds people to pay more attention to the personality．‎ B.Personality can change people’s impressions of one’s appearance．‎ C.The judgment of one’s attractiveness always stays unchanged．‎ D.Positive personality may lead to more friends．‎ ‎4、The passage is written in a（n）______tone．‎ A.subjective B.objective C.sceptical D.negative ‎5、Who are the intended readers of this passage?‎ A.People with positive characteristics． B.Good-looking people．‎ C.People with negative characteristics． D.General people．‎ 观点态度类阅读理解练习题答案 一、CDABD二、BCBAD三、BDDA 四、DABAC五、BBAD六、DACBD 一、 四会词汇:fade away消退，衰弱in another sense另外一种意义上的，从另一种意义上来说 inspire激发，激励flee fled fled逃离transfer转移poet诗人poem诗歌 难点解析:naturalist自然主义者comforting and healing慰藉的和治愈的biological evidence生物学证据 Gathering swallows（in To Autumn）are departing for Africa: gathering swallows成群的燕子depart for=leave for出发去某地departure n.出发，离开 To Autumn济慈的《秋颂》约翰·济慈，出生于18世纪末年的伦敦，杰出的英国诗人作家之一，浪漫派的主要成员。济慈才华横溢，与雪莱、拜伦齐名。‎ carbohydrate碳水化合物carbon碳hydra是一个和“水”相关的词根。‎ 二、四会词汇:contest比赛convince使…确信，说服select选择sign签约make an appointment with和…有约会/会面depressed压抑的，抑郁的commercial商业的innocent无辜的，天真无邪的 难点解析:modeling agency模特经济公司 Hopes of fame and fortune clouded all judgment对出名和财富的渴求蒙蔽了我的判断 Photo shoot照片拍 I thought I would grace the covers of famous magazines!我原本以为可以登上著名杂志的封面grace原本是名词，优雅的意思，这里是给…增光，使…生辉的意思。在作者的意识里，她觉得自己将会是超级大明星，登杂志不是她求杂志社，而是杂志社应该以请到她为荣。‎ 三、四会词汇:decrease=decline下降，减少cheat欺骗，(考试)作弊marketing市场营销electronic电子，电子的 难点解析:e-commerce电子商务purchase购买 Have them delivered: deliver送货have/make/get sth done使某事被做(让别人做)emotion情感seize抓住 四、四会词汇:cottage小屋，村舍concept概念take advantage of利用campus校园，园区apply to应用于…(apply for申请…)be regarded as被认为是…consume消费v.consumption消费n.consumer消费者 难点解析:‎ odd古怪的，love affair恋爱，恋情 These cottages once housed early settlers:这些小屋为早期的定居者提供栖身之house这里做动词，表示为…提供住的地方settler定居者 old-school古老流派，这里的“school”指学派，流派 era时代be rooted in history植根于历史fitted by hand手工装配 sphere球体范围industrial revolution工业革命 capacity能力environmental psychology环境心理学 restorative effects修复效果，复原效果nourish滋养 bring on推出，释放 五、四会词汇:at the center of在…的中心thrilling激动人心的，惊悚的signature n.签名phenomenon(pl. phenomena)现象victory胜利ridiculous荒谬可笑的focus on聚焦于…，集中注意力于…justice正义，公平，司法(skeptical /skeptical怀疑的)‎ 难点解读:‎ celebrity名人，社会名流 lose track of与…失去联系，忘记 Tabloids of the1920s and 1930s ran articles about这里的run是“刊登，发表”的意思 Public figure公众人物 ‎(privacy隐私target目标social recognition社会认同)‎ 六、四会词汇:the chances are that很有可能………‎ bethought/considered/viewed/referred to/regarded as被认为是 unfairness n.不公正in general大体上consistent一致的outcome结果 难点解析:If you exhibit positive/negative characteristics如果你展示出自己正面/负面的性格特征 The participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information about their personalities.给受试者看一组异性的照片，并对这些异性的吸引力进行评价，再告诉这些受试者这些异性的性格特点，然后再让他们评价一次rate:速度，速率，税率，这里做动词，“评价”的意思。‎ significantly显著地 dating partner约会的对象 desirable personality理想的个性 desirable想要的，合意的，受欢迎的 current relationship status当前的感情状态