高考英语阅读分类复习历史类 10页

新课标高考英语阅读分类复习：历史类 第1题(年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语陕西卷)‎ ‎    For centuries,the only form of written correspondence (通信)was the letters, letters were, and are, sent by some form of postal service, the history of which goes back a long way .Indeed, the Egyptians began sending letters from about BC,as did the Chinese a thousand years later. ‎ ‎   Of course, modern postal service now are much more developed and faster, depending as they do on cars and planes for delivery. Yet they are still too slow for some people to send urgent documents (紧急文件)and letters.‎ ‎   The invention of the fax (传真) machine increased the speed of delivering documents even more. When you send a fax，you are sending a copy of a piece of correspondence to someone by telephone service. It was not until the early 1980s that such a service was developed enough for businesses to be able to fax documents to each other.‎ ‎   The fax service is still very much in use when copies of documents require to be sent ,but, as a way of fast correspondence, it has been largely taken the place of by email ,Email is used to describe messages sent form one computer user to another.‎ ‎   There are advantages and disadvantages with emails. If you send some one an email , then he will receive it extremely quickly .Normal postal services are rather slow as far as speed of delivery is concerned.‎ ‎    However, if you write something by email, which you might later regret ,and send it immediately, there is no chance for second thoughts. At least, if you are posting a letter you have to address and seal(封)the envelope and take it to the post box.There is plenty of time to change your mind .The message is think before you email!‎ ‎41.We can learn from the text that__________.‎ A.email is less popular than the fax service    B.the postal service has over the years become faster C. the postal service has over the years become slower D. the fax service has a history as long as the postal service does ‎42.It can be inferred from the text that_________.‎ A. the fax service had been fully developed by the 1980s B. letters have been used in China for about 1,000 years C. the fax machine was invented after the 1980s D. letters have been used in Egypt for about 2,000 years ‎43.In the last paragraph, the writer mentions "think before you email" to show that________.‎ A. you may regret if you don’t your envelope B. you may regret before you send something by email C. you’d better not send your email in a hurry D. you need plenty of time to send an email ‎44.The text mainly deal with_________.‎ A. the progress in correspondence B. the advantage of fax machines C .the advantage of emails D. the invention of fax machines 答案 41．B   42．A   43．C   44．A  ‎ ‎41．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据第二段第一句“modern postal services now are much developed and faster”可知选B。‎ ‎42．解析：这是一道推断题。根据“It was not until the early 1980s that such a service has developed enough …”可以推断20世纪80年代初fax已经比较发达可以满足商用了，所以选A.‎ ‎43．解析：这是一道细节题。由于email方便高速，可供考虑的时间很短，如果发现问题就来不及了，所以作者建议发送前多想想，选C.‎ ‎44．解析：这是一道主旨题。本文讲述了通讯的发展和由此带来的变化，着重于不同通讯方式的比较和发展过程，而不是单单针对某种方式来讲述。A 选项最贴近这一点。‎ 第2题(年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语全国卷Ⅰ)‎ ‎     Say you are a 17th century construction worker who’s worked long and hard to build a splendid tower for the dead wife of your emperor. ‎ ‎      Now say that the emperor orders your fingertips cut off so you can never build another one. Yes, that is the Taj Mahal, one of the most famous buildings in the world. And the tale behind the construction is just as impressive（印象深刻的）as the building itself. ‎ ‎      First, there’s the emperor of northern India, Shah Jehan, also called the King of the World. In 1612, Shah Jehan married Mumtaz Mahal. Madly in love, they had 14 children over the next 20 years. But then sadness came. As Mumtaz was about to give birth to child number 14, she said she had heard her unborn baby cry out. It was a sign of death. And as Mumtaz lay dying, she asked Jehan to build a lasting memorial（纪念物）to celebrate their love. ‎ ‎       When the heartbroken Jehan appeared eight days after his wife’s death, his people were shocked to see that his coal-black hair had turned snow-white. ‎ ‎       Putting away his sadness, Jehan ordered his wife’s dying wish carried out. More than 20 000 workers labored nearly 22 years to complete the construction. In 1653, Jehan placed Mumtaz’s remains in the center under the building. ‎ ‎       And then, son number five, Aurangzeb, murdered his brothers and took over the power from his aging father, Jehan lived the rest of his days-eight years, to be exact-imprisoned not far from the Taj Mahal. Jehan was only allowed to climb onto the top of his prison to see the timeless treasure from a distance. But never again would he be allowed to visit it－until he was buried next to his wife. ‎ ‎       Today 25, 000 people visit the Taj Mahal each day. Though the reason for building the tower was a strange, sad story, those who see its breath-taking beauty are reminded of the happiness that inspired（激发……的灵感）its construction. ‎ ‎59. The first two paragraphs were written to show that______. ‎ A. the Taj Mahal is an unusual historic building B. ancient Indian emperors were cruel C. construction workers led a hard life in ancient ‎India D. India has some of the most famous buildings in the world ‎60. The Taj Mahal was first built as______. ‎ A. a prison B. a gift to Mumtaz C. a memorial building D. a tourist attraction ‎61. We learn from the text that Mumtaz probably died in______. ‎ A. 1626                           B. 1632                     C. 1634                    D. 1653‎ ‎62. The underlined word “happiness” in the last sentence refers to______. ‎ A. the married happiness of the emperor and his wife B. the great pleasure Jehan once found in exercising his power C. the happiness Jehan felt on completing the Taj Mahal D. the pleasure tourists experience when visiting the Taj Mahal 答案 59. A              60. C             61. B              62. A ‎ 第3题(年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语上海卷)‎ ‎      Holiday Inns and McDonald’s,both saw unmatched growth in the 1960s.Their growth opened another direct business operation—franchising（特许经营）. ‎ ‎      These operations have the same general pattern.The franchisor,the parent company,first establishes a successful retail（零售）business.As it expands,it sees a profit potential in offering others the right to open similar business under its name.The parent company’s methods and means of identification with consumers are included in this right.The parent company supplies skill,and may build and rent stores to franchisees.For these advantages the franchisee pays the franchisor a considerable fee.However,some of the advantages and disadvantages are different.‎ ‎       By extending a“proven”marketing method,a parent can profit in several ways.First,the franchisee’s purchase price gives the parent an immediate return on the plan.Then the sale of supplies to the ‎ franchisee provides a continuing source of profits.As new businesses are added and the company’s reputation spreads,the value of the franchise increases and sales of franchises become easier.The snowballing effect can be dramatic.Such growth,too,brings into play the economies of scale（规模经济）.Regional or national advertising that might be financially impossible for a franchisor with 20 franchises could be profitable for one with 40.‎ ‎       The parent,then,finds immediate gains from the opportunity to expand markets on the basis of reputation alone,without having to put up capital or take the risk of owning retail stores.Added to this advantage is a less obvious but material one.Skilled,responsible retail managers are rare.People who invest their capital in franchises,though,probably come closer to the ideal than do paid managers.In fact,the franchisee is an independent store operator working for the franchisor,but without an independent’s freedom to drop supplies at will.Of course the factory’s costs of selling supplies are less.But also certainly the franchisee buying goods that have had broad consumer acceptance will not casually change supplies,even when the contract permits.If the hamburger is not what the customer expected,they may not return.Having paid for the goodwill,the franchisee won’t thoughtlessly destroy it.‎ ‎        Franchising may give you the idea that as a franchisor,you need only relax in the rocking chair.Franchising,however,has problems to be solved.‎ ‎86.Franchising refers to a business operation in which a successful parent company______.‎ A.sells name-brand goods to a private investor ‎ B.rents proven ideas and techniques for investment C.sells the right,the guidance to a business under its name D.takes no advertising responsibility for individual investors ‎87.The advantages of franchising to the parent company are all the following EXCEPT______.‎ A.an immediate investment return B.the ownership of additional retail stores C.the profit from the sale of supplies D.the possibility of profitable advertising ‎88.The passage mainly tells the reader______.‎ A.the advantages and disadvantages of franchising B.the benefits of franchising to the franchisor C.the unmatched economic growth in the 1960’s D.some regional and national business operation ‎89.What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph?‎ A.More advantages of franchising. B.Risks of investment besides franchising.‎ C.The standard of consumer acceptance. D.Negative aspects related to franchising.‎ 答案 86. C　87. B　88. B　89. D ‎ 第4题(年普通高等学校春季招生考试英语北京卷)‎ ‎     The first tape recorder didn’t use tape.It used long thin wire.It was invented in 1990 by Valdermar Poulsen.In 1930，German scientists invented the tape we use today.Back then the tape was on big rolls.In 1964 the Philips company in Holland invented the cassette.It’s pretty much a holder for the tape.People use cassettes all over the world.If you don’t have a cassette recorder，borrow one. ‎ ‎      Think of a book your parents read out loud to you.That might be a great book to read out loud to your mom or dad in their car.Put a cassette in the recorder，open the book，hit the record button and start reading out loud.‎ ‎      Remember there is no such a thing as a wrong way to do this.You might think you’ve made a mistake，but this gift is part of you，and nothing about that can be a mistake.It’s impossible.‎ ‎     You get to be all artistic and creative here.You might want to play music in the background.Do whatever you want.The gift is you，so you decide.Remember to say “I love you”at the end of your reading.That’s like the prize at the end of the book.‎ ‎63.Choose the right order that shows the development of the tape recorder.‎ ‎　 a.Using big rolls.‎ ‎    b.Using cassettes.‎ ‎    c.Using thin wire.‎ ‎  A.a，b，c  B.b，c，a C.c，a，b  D.c，b，a ‎64.Why does the author mention the history of tape recorders in Paragraph 1？‎ ‎ A.To inform readers of new inventions.   B.To lead into his following suggestion.‎ ‎ C.To give an example of his suggestion.  D.To show the importance of tape recorders.‎ ‎65.What does the author advise us to do？‎ ‎ A.To read a book to our parents in their car.  B.To ask our parents to record a book.‎ ‎ C.To make a gift for our parents.  D.To practice reading out loud.‎ ‎66.Why does the author say it is impossible to make a mistake in Paragraph 3？‎ ‎ A.Because the tape shows your true love.  B.Because it’s easy to use a tape recorder.‎ ‎ C.Because the music is what your parents like.  D.Because it’s impossible to find a mistake in the book.‎ 答案 63.C               64.B               65.C                     66.A ‎ 第5题(2003年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语全国卷)‎ ‎     Tristan da Cunha,a 38-square-mile island,is the farthest inhabited island in the world,according to the Guinness Book of records.It is 1 510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor.St.Helena,and 1 950 miles west of Africa.Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将）of the same name in 1506,and settled in 1810,the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred. ‎ ‎      Coming in a close second—and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land—is Easter Island,which lies 1 260 miles east of its nearest neighbor,Pitcairn Island,and 2 300 miles west of South America.‎ ‎       The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century,supposedly by people who were lost at sea.They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years,giving them plenty of time to build more than 1 000 huge stone figures,called moai,for which the island is most famous.‎ ‎     On Easter Sunday,1722,however,settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name.Today,2 000 people live on the Chilean territory (智利领土).They share one street,a small airport,and a few hours of television per day.‎ ‎56.It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha　　　.‎ A.was named after its discoverer B.got its name from Holland settlers C.was named by the British government D.got its name from the Guinness Book of Records ‎57.Which of the following is most famous for moai?‎ A.Tristan da Cunha.   B.Pitcairn‎ ‎Island. C.Easter‎ ‎Island.    D.St.Helena.‎ ‎58.Which country does Easter Island belong to ?‎ A.Britain.                  B.Holland.          C.Portugal.         D.Chile.‎ 答案 56.A　57.C　58.D ‎ 第6题(年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语全国卷)‎ ‎      Olaf Stapledon wrote a book called First and Last Men，in which he looked millions of years ahead.He told of different men and of strange civilisations（文明），broken up by long“dark ages”in between.In his view，what is called the present time is no more than a moment in human history and we are just the First Men.In 2，000 million years from now there will be the Eighteenth or Last Men. ‎ ‎     However，most of our ideas about the future are really very short-sighted.Perhaps we can see some possibilities for the next fifty years.But the next hundred？The next thousand？The next million？That’s much more difficult.‎ ‎     When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago，how could they even begin to picture modern life？Yet to men of 50,000 years from now，we may seem as primitive（原始的）in our ideas as the Stone-Age hunters do to us.Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundels，or struggling with their ballalators through the cribe.These words，which I have just made up，have to stand for things and ideas that we simply can’t think of.‎ ‎     So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future？Here are two reasons.Frist，unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history，we are likely to think our own interests are much more important than they really are.If we make the earth a poor place to live on because we are careless or greedy（贪婪）or quarrelsome，our grandchildren will not bother to think of excuses for us.‎ Second，by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future，we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves.For example，if we imagine that in the future men may give up farming，we can think of trying it now.So set your imagination free when you think about the future.‎ ‎63.A particular mention made of Stapledon’s book in the opening paragraph       .‎ ‎  A.serves as a description of human history B.serves as an introduction to the discussion ‎  C.shows a disagreement of views D.shows the popularity of the book ‎64.The text discusses men and women 50,000 years ago and 50,000 years from now in order to show that         .‎ ‎  A.human history is extremely long B.life has changed a great deal ‎  C.it is useless to plan for the next 50 years D.it is difficult to tell what will happen in the future ‎65.Spundels and ballalators are used in the text to refer to          .‎ ‎  A.tools used in farming B.ideas about modern life ‎  C.unknown things in the future D.hunting skills in the Stone Age ‎66.According to the writer of the text，imagining the future will         .‎ ‎  A.serve the interests of the present and future generations ‎  B.enable us to better understand human history ‎  C.help us to improve farming D.make life worth living 答案 63.B64.D                65.C           66.A       ‎ 第7题(年普通高等学校春季招生考试英语上海卷)‎ ‎        Since the beginning of time，man has been interested in the moon. The Romans designed a special day to show admiration and respect to the moon. They called it“Moonday”，or“Monday”，as we know it today. Later，the great mind of Leonardo da Vinci studied the moon and designed a machine to carry a human to the moon. Leonardo said that one day a great machine bird would take a person to the moon and bring great honour to the home where it was born. ‎ ‎      Four and a half centuries later，Leonardo’s idea was realized. Apollo Ⅱ　took three Americans－Collins，Aldrin，and Armstrong－to the moon. The mission (任务) did fill the whole world with great surprise，as Leonardo had said it would. Numerous essays，articles，and books were written about ‎ man’s first moon mission. But perhaps the most interesting story was one written before the event-over100 years before.‎ ‎      In 1865，French author Jules Verne wrote a story about the first journey to the moon. His story was very similar to the 1969 ApolloⅡ mission.‎ ‎      Verne’s spacecraft also contained three men－two Americans and a Frenchman. The spacecraft was described as being almost the same size as ApolloⅡ.The launch(发射) site in Verne’s story was also in Florida. The spacecraft in Verne’s story was named the “Columbiad”. The ApolloⅡcommand ship was called“Columbia”.His account of sending the spacecraft into the space could easily have been written about how ApolloⅡwas sent into the space.‎ ‎      Verne’s story was the same as the actual event in several other respects. The speed of Verne’s spacecraft was36,000 feet per second；Apollo’s was 35,533feet per second. Verne’s spacecraft took 97 hours to reach the moon;Apollo’s time was 103 hours. Like Apollo’s spacemen，Verne’s spacemen took pictures of the moon’s surface，relaxed on their seats，cooked with gas，and experienced weightlessness. They too came down in the Pacific and were picked up by an American warship.‎ ‎      What were the reasons for Jules Verne’s extreme accuracy in describing an event 100 years or more before it actually occurred? He based his writings on the laws of physics and astronomy(天文学).Nineteenth-century science and the vivid Verne’s imagination gave people an unbelievably accurate preview of one of the greatest events of the 20th century.‎ ‎76.Leonardo da Vinci said that a great machine bird would         .‎ ‎  A.bring great honor to the moon B.fly toward the sun ‎  C.explore the heavens D.take people to the moon ‎77.Jules Verne wrote his story of a man’s visit to the moon about           .‎ ‎  A.100 years before the ApolloⅡmission B.10 years before the ApolloⅡmission ‎  C.four and one-half centuries ago D.100 years ago ‎78. Verne’s story is very similar to            .‎ ‎  A.the first U.S.‎ space mission B.the Apollo Ⅱ mission ‎  C.Leonardo da Vinci’s story D.numerous other books on the same subject ‎79.The passage suggests that Jules Verne            .‎ ‎  A.developed the laws of physics B.based his writings on the works of Leonardo da Vinci ‎  C.was very lucky in what he had described about the future ‎  D.knew a great deal about the laws of physics and astronomy ‎80.The passage mainy describes              .‎ ‎  A.the rapid progress of mankind B.Verne’s accurate preview of the future ‎  C.the 1969 Apollo Ⅱ moon mission D.the 19th-century science and technology 答案 76.D　77.A　78.B　79.D　80.B ‎ 第8题(1998年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语全国卷)‎ ‎     The report came to the British on May 21, 1941. The German battleship Bismarck, the most powerful warship in the world, was moving out into the Atlantic Ocean. Her task: to destroy the ships carrying supplies from the United States to war-torn England. ‎ ‎     The British had feared such a task. No warship they had could match the Bismarck in speed in firepower. The Bismarck had eight 15-inch guns and 81 smaller guns. She could move at 31 nautical miles (海里) an hour. She was believed to be unsinkable.However, the British had to sink her. They sent out a task force headed by their best battleship Hood to hunt down the Bismarck. On May 24, the Hood found the Bismarck. ‎    It was a meeting that the German commander Luetjens did not want to see. His orders were to destroy the British ships that were carrying supplies, but to stay away from a fight with British warships. ‎    The battle didn't last long. The Bismarck's first torpedo (鱼雷) hit the Hood, which went down taking all but three of her 1 419 men with her. ‎    But in the fight, the Bismarck was slightly damaged (损坏). Her commander decided to run for repair to France, which had at that time been taken by the Germans. The British force followed her. However, because of the Bismarck's speed and the heavy fog, they lost sight of her. ‎     For two days, every British ship in the Atlantic tried to find the Bismarck, but with no success. Finally, she was sighted by a plane from Ireland. Trying to slow the Bismarck down so that their ships could catch up with her, the British fired at her from the air. The Bismarck was hit. ‎    On the morning of May 27, the last battle was fought. Four British ships fired on the Bismarck, and she was finally sunk. ‎61. The Bismarck sailed into the Atlantic Ocean _______. A.   to sink the Hood                       B. to gain control of France C. to cut off American supplies to British    D. to stop British warship reaching German ‎62. Many people believed that Bismarck could not be defeated because she _______. A. was fast and powerful                 B. had more men on board C. was under Luetjens' command    D. had biggest guns than other ships ‎63. We learn from the text that on 24 May _______. A. the British won the battle against the Bismarck B. the Bismarck won the battle against the British C. the British gunfire damaged the Bismarck seriously D. the Bismarck succeeded in keeping away from the British ‎64. Luetjens tried to sail to France in order to _______. A. have the ship repaired       B. join the other Germans C. get help from the French    D. get away from the British ‎65. Which of the following is the immediate cause of the sinking of the Bismarck? A. The British air strikes. B. The damage done by the Hood. C. Gunfire from four British ships. D. Luetjens' decision to run for France. 答案 61.答案：C。 解析：这是一道细节题。文中第一段最后一句话Her task: to destroy the ships carrying supplies from the United States to war-torn England.可知，德国战舰Bismarck的任务是摧毁从美国向英国运送给养的船只，也就是截断美国对英国的供给。 ‎62.答案：A。 解析：这是一道细节题。第二段中No warship they had could match the Bismarck in speed in firepower. The Bismarck had eight 15-inch guns and 81 smaller guns. She could move at 31 nautical miles an hour.可知，许多人不相信能够战胜Bismarck的原因是Bismarck具有很强大的战斗力。 ‎63.答案：B。 解析：这是一道细节题。从文中第三段最后一句话On May 24, the Hood found the Bismarck.和第五段The battle didn't last long. The Bismarck's first torpedo (鱼雷) hit the Hood, which went down taking all but three of her 1 419 men with her.可知，Bismarck击败了英国船只。 ‎64.答案：A。 解析：这是一道细节题。根据文中第六段Her commander decided to run for repairs to France.故A为该题答案。 ‎65.答案：C。 解析：这是一道分析题。最后一段说四艘英国战舰对德军舰开火。最后德军舰被击沉。故C为最佳答案。 ‎ ‎ ‎