江苏省高考英语考试说明新增词整理汇编讲解 6页

‎2015届江苏省高考英语考试说明 新增50词整理汇编讲解 ‎1. anticipate [æn'tɪs.ɪ.peɪt] vt. 预期，预料 他们预计会有几个人来应征这份工作。‎ ‎[+ -ing verb] They anticipate having several applicants for the job.‎ ‎[+ that] They anticipate that they will have several applicants for the job ‎2 assure vt. 向……保证；使……确信 我确信他很诚实。‎ 可以说：I am assured of his honesty. ‎ I am assured that he is honest. ‎ 但不可说：I assure his honesty. ‎ I assure that he is honest. ‎ 他的工作确保给他带来一定程度的幸福感。‎ ‎①②两句意思相同：‎ ‎①.His work assured him a degree of happiness. ‎ ‎②. His work assured a degree of happiness to him. ‎ 但不及③④⑤句常用：‎ ‎③. His work ensured him a degree of happiness. ‎ ‎④. His work ensured a degree of happiness to him. ‎ ‎⑤. His work ensured a degree of happiness for him.‎ ‎3. cease [siːs] vt. vi. 停止 At one o'clock the rain had ceased. 一点钟时雨已经停了。‎ cease doing和 cease to do（停止做……）略有区别。‎ 只有一次的动作通常用动名词。例如：‎ When he heard the knock, he ceased writing. ‎ 经常性的动作通常用不定式。例如：‎ He never ceases to amaze me. 他总让我惊喜不断。‎ 此外，cease from doing也可以，但不用from更常见。‎ ‎4. commodity [kə'mɒdɪtɪ] n. 商品，货物；日用品 [ 复数 commodities ]‎ Prices went up on several basic commodities like bread and meat. ‎ 面包、肉等几种基本商品的价格上涨了。‎ commodity economy商品经济 commodity price商品价格 ‎ ‎5. compile [kəm'paɪl] vt. 收集；编辑，编制 It takes years of hard work to compile a good dictionary. ‎ 编辑一部好词典需要数年的艰苦工作。‎ ‎6. comprehensive [kɒmprɪˈhensɪv] adj. 全面的；综合的；包罗万象的；详尽的 We offer you a comprehensive training in all aspects of the business. ‎ 我们向你提供这个行业各方面的综合培训。‎ ‎7. consent [kən'sent] vi. 同意；赞成；答应 n. 同意；（意见等的）一致；赞成 I'm sure she wouldn't consent. 我敢肯定她不会答应的。‎ He consented to make a few alteration. 他同意作一些改动。‎ At approximately 11:30 p.m., Pollard finally gave his consent to the search.‎ 大约晚上11：30的时候，波拉德终于对搜查予以同意。‎ ‎8. contrast ['kɒntrɑːst] n. 对比，对照 His white hair was in sharp contrast to(with) his dark skin.‎ 他的白发与他的黑皮肤形成鲜明的对照。‎ In contrast with(to) your belief that we shall fail，I know we shall succeed. ‎ 你认为我们将失败，恰恰相反，我知道我们将会成功。‎ ‎9. core [kɔː] n. 核心；要点；果核 We already have our core team in place. 我们的核心队伍已经就位。‎ ‎10. criterion [kraɪ'tɪə.ri.ən] n.（判断、决定的）标准，准则 [ 复数：criteria ]‎ the criteria for measuring how good schools are 衡量学校好坏的标准 Academic ability is not the only criterion for admission to the college.‎ 学术能力不是大学招生的唯一标准。‎ ‎11. crucial ['kru:.ʃəl] adj. 至关重要的；关键的；决定性的 a crucial decision/question 至关重要的决定/问题 Her work has been crucial to the project's success. ‎ 她的工作对于这个专案的成功至关重要。‎ It is crucial that the problem should be tackled immediately.‎ 关键是要马上着手处理这一问题。‎ ‎12. crush [krʌʃ] v. & n. 压碎，压坏，压扁 His leg was crushed in the accident. 他的腿在事故中被压断了。‎ Two people were crushed to death in the rush to escape.‎ 在匆忙逃跑中有两个人被压死。‎ ‎13. curse [kɜːs] v. & n. 诅咒；骂 curse sb / sth for (doing) sth ‎ Elsa cursed herself for believing his lies. 埃尔莎骂自己相信了他的谎言。‎ ‎14. deduce [dɪ'djuːs] vt. 推论，推断；演绎出 Alison cleverly deduced that I was the author of the letter.‎ 艾莉森聪明地推断出我是这封信的作者。‎ The date of the document can be deduced from references to the Civil War.‎ 该文件的日期可以从其对内战的提及处推算出来。‎ ‎15. despair [dɪ'speər] n. 绝望 a mood/sense of despair绝望的情绪/感觉 They're in (the depths of) despair over/about the money they've lost.‎ 他们对找回丢失的钱已经不抱（任何）希望了。‎ To her teacher's despair, Nicole never does the work that she's told to do.‎ 妮歌从不做功课，这让她的老师感到非常失望。‎ ‎16. devil ['dev(ə)l] n. n. 魔鬼；撒旦；家伙；恶棍；淘气鬼；冒失鬼 ‎17. differentiate [ˌdɪfə'rentʃieɪt] v. 区分；区别对待 We must differentiate between right and wrong. 我们必须分清是非。‎ We do not differentiate between our workers on the basis of their background or ethnic origin. 我们不会因工人的背景或种族不同而区别对待。‎ ‎18. drama ['drɑ:.mə] n. 戏剧 ‎19. earnest ['ɜ:.nɪst] adj. 认真的；有决心的；郑重其事的；诚挚的 He was a very earnest young man. 他是个非常认真的年轻人。‎ in earnest 用作形容词短语或状语短语都可以，如：‎ He is in earnest.‎ He asked the question in earnest.‎ ‎20. equate [ɪ'kweɪt] vt. 将…等同于；同等对待（或看待、表示），相提并论 equate wealth with happiness 把幸福与财富同等看待 equate growing prosperity with the physical health of a nation 把发展的繁荣与一个民族的身体健康等同起来 ‎21. estate [ɪ'steɪt] n. 财产 ‎22. .ethnic ['eθ.nɪk] adj. 民族的；种族的 ‎23. evolve [ɪ'vɒlv] v.（使）逐步发展；（使）逐步演变；（使）进化 The idea evolved from a drawing I discovered in the attic.‎ 这种想法是从我在阁楼里发现的一幅画得到启发的。‎ ‎24. exceed [ɪk'si:d] v. 超过，超出（数量）；超越（规定的范围）‎ The final cost should not exceed $5000. 最终的费用不应超出5000美元。‎ ‎25. exclude [ɪk'sklu:d] vt. 阻止……进入；把……排斥在外 exclude…from…‎ Women are still excluded from the club. 这间俱乐部仍然不让女性进入。‎ ‎26. exploit [ɪk'splɒɪt] vt. 开发，开采；利用 exploit the oil under the sea 开发海底石油 We must exploit every opportunity to learn new things.‎ 我们必须利用一切机会学习新事物。‎ ‎27. formula ['fɔːmjʊlə] 惯例；（婴儿食物等的）配方；处方；公式；方程式 ‎28. foundation [faʊnˈdeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 基本原理；根据；基础 lay a solid foundation for…‎ Respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage.‎ 尊重和伴侣关系是婚姻的牢固基础。‎ ‎29. gender n. 性别 ‎30. grace n. 优雅 ‎31. grant [grɑːnt] vt. 授予；允许；承认 vi. 同意 He requested that the Premier grant him an interview.‎ 他请求总理准许给他一次会面的机会 take sth. for granted / take it for granted that …认为某事理所当然；想当然 I was amazed that virtually all the things I took for granted up north just didn't happen in Savannah. 令我感到惊讶的是，我在北方视为理所当然的一切事物，在南美大草原上几乎都没有发生。‎ ‎32. guideline n. 指导方针 ‎33. imitate ['ɪmɪteɪt] vt. 模仿；仿效 Some of the younger pop bands try to imitate their musical heroes from the past.‎ 一些较年轻的流行乐队极力模仿心目中昔日的音乐巨星。‎ ‎34. induce [ɪn'dju:s] vt. 诱导；引诱 ‎[T + obj + to infinitive] 诱使；劝说 They induced her to take the job by promising editorial freedom.‎ 他们向她保证有编辑自由，以劝服她接受这项工作。‎ Nothing could induce me (= I definitely cannot be persuaded) to climb a mountain / ride a bike. 没有甚么能诱使我去爬山/骑脚踏车的。‎ ‎35. innovate ['ɪnəveɪt] vi.改革，创新 innovate in/on techniques 在工艺上创新 We must innovate in order to make progress. 我们必须改革以便取得进步。‎ ‎36. insight ['ɪnsaɪt] n. 洞察力，洞悉；深入了解，深刻见解 gain (an) insight into 看透，识破，了解 The article gives us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.‎ 这篇文章分析了目前经济危机的原因，发人深省。‎ The research provides new insights into the way we process language.‎ 该研究对我们处理语言的方式提出了新的看法。‎ ‎37. interact [intər'ækt] vt. 互相影响；互相作用 ‎[+ with ]‎ Lucy interacts well with other children in the class. ‎ 露西和班里的其他孩子相处得很好。‎ ‎38. interfere [ɪntəˈfɪə] v. 干预，干涉 interfere with “打扰”或“妨碍”。例如：‎ You must not interfere with him/his work.‎ interfere in “干涉”。例如：‎ You must not interfere in what does not concern you.‎ ‎39. intermediate [ˌɪntə(r)ˈmiːdiət] 之间的,中间的 an intermediate stage / step in a process 中间阶段/步骤 ‎40. journal [ˈdʒəːn(ə)l] n. 日报，杂志；日记 ‎41. logic [ˈlɒdʒɪk] n. 逻辑；逻辑学；逻辑性 adj. 逻辑的 ‎42. manual [ˈmanjʊ(ə)l] adj. 用手做的；靠劳力的；手工操作的 manual work手工 ‎43. overseas adj. & adv. ‎ adj. 外国的；海外的 overseas students / visitors 外国留学生/游客 adv. 在国外；在海外 live / work / go overseas 在国外生活/工作；出国 ‎44. proportion [prəˈpɔːʃ(ə)n] n. 部分；比例 Women's bodies tend to have a higher proportion of fat to water.‎ 女性体内往往有更高的脂肪与水的比值。‎ 当proportion作“部分”（part）解时，a(the) proportion of 用作主语，其谓语动词的数决定于所修饰名词的数。例如：‎ A large proportion of my time is spent in studying. 我的大部分时间都用在学习上。‎ A large proportion of students are workers and peasants. 大部分学生是工人和农民。‎ 当proportion作“比率”、“之比”解时，其谓语动词永远用单数。例如：‎ The proportion of boys to girls in our class is three to one.‎ 我们班上的男生与女生之比是三比一。‎ ‎45. ratio ['reɪʃɪəʊ] n. 比率，比例 at the ratio of…to… 按…与…的比率 ‎46. reluctant [rɪˈlʌkt(ə)nt] adj. 不情愿的 I was reluctant to pay what they demanded. 我不情愿付他们要求的钱。‎ ‎47. sauce [sɔːs] n. 调味汁 ‎48. thumb [θʌm] n. 拇指 v. 翻阅 be all thumbs 笨手笨脚；笨拙；手指不灵活 ‎ thumb through a book 翻阅一本书 ‎49. undergo [ʌndəˈgəʊ] vt. 经受；忍受 undergo a change / transformation 经历变化/转变 undergo an operation 接受治疗/手术 undergo tests 接受检查 ‎50. vision ['vɪʒ(ə)n] n. 视力；美景；眼力；幻象，憧憬 vt. 想象；显现；梦见 That's my vision of how the world could be. 那就是我对这个世界未来的憧憬。‎ He tried to vision himself in a past century. 他假想自己身处百年之前。‎