2019译林牛津版高考英语一轮优练题模块2U3及答案 11页

‎2019译林牛津版高考英语一轮优练题：模块2U3及答案 一、阅读理解。‎ Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler (学步的儿童) years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered. While most children grow out of their bad behavior by adulthood, a study found those who had “callous unemotional (冷漠无情的) characteristics” could grow up to have problems with the law later in life. Behavior characteristics such as a lack of sympathy and lying in childhood could have an impact years on.‎ Luke Hyde, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, said, “These are signs for parents and doctors to watch out for, as they may signal more than just the terrible twos.” He said, “Parents both take care of their child and provide their child’s genes so it’s been difficult to know if we’re seeing that parenting causes callous unemotional behaviors, or if it is just a sign of the genes being passed to the child.”‎ The research also discovered that strict parenting is linked to the development of antisocial behavior. Scientists looked at 561 families in an adoption study that examined biological mothers’ antisocial behavior. The scientists found children of antisocial mothers were also more likely to exhibit the same behavior characteristics, despite having limited or no touch with them as they were adopted as babies.‎ ‎“The really exciting take-home message from this study is that small, day-to-day positive interactions (互动) that parents have with their young children can make a huge difference in children’s development,’’ said Leslie Leve, a professor at the University of Oregon who co-led the data collection.‎ ‎“Even when children have inherited (遗传) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties,” he added. The study, worked on by scientists from the University of Michigan, Penn State University and the University of Oregon has been published in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years.‎ ‎1.What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Kids’ social behaviors are related to crime.‎ B. Criminals begin their crimes during adolescence.‎ C. Antisocial behaviors of kids could be on their way to a life of crime.‎ D. Warmhearted kids are more likely to be criminals in the future.‎ ‎2.What conclusion might the scientists draw from the study?‎ A. Antisocial behaviors might be inherited.‎ B. The genes decide kids’ antisocial behaviors.‎ C. Antisocial behaviors have nothing to do with crimes.‎ D. Adopted babies surely have antisocial behaviors when they grow up.‎ ‎3.What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A. Parenting is the main reason that causes kids’ antisocial behaviors.‎ B. What causes career criminals to begin their crimes is their parents’ characteristics.‎ C. Leslie Leve has a doubtful attitude to adoptive mothers’ active interactions with kids.‎ D. Inherited antisocial behaviors of kids can be lightened by positive parenting.‎ ‎4.Why will researchers track kids’ process of growing?‎ A. To make sure if kids’ behaviors will last.‎ B. To make sure if praise will change kids.‎ C. To determine if kids’ behaviors will be inherited.‎ D. To determine if parents’ comfort will protect kids.‎ ‎ 【文章大意】研究人员发现孩子的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，积极的育儿方式可以减轻孩子的反社会行为。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler  years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered.”可知，本文主要介绍了孩子们的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，故C项正确。‎ ‎3.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Even when children have inherited (遗传) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties”可知，积极的育儿教育可以减轻孩子遗传的反社会行为，故D项正确。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years. ”‎ 可知，研究人员追踪孩子的成长过程是为了弄清楚孩子的反社会行为是否会持续下去，故A项正确。‎ 二、单项选择。‎ ‎1. A society was set up to _______ the endangered animals and plant life from dying out in this area.‎ A. reserve B. preserve C. observe D. deserve ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】reserve储存，储备；preserve保护，保留；observe观察；deserve应受，应得的，句意：成立了一个协会来保护濒临灭绝的动植物，以避免它们从这一地区消失灭绝。‎ ‎2.At times the balance in nature is _______, resulting in a number of possible unforeseen effects. ‎ A. troubled B. confused C. disturbed D. puzzled ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】trouble麻烦；confuse困扰；disturb打扰；puzzle困惑。可以说disturb the balance in nature打扰自然界的平衡，其它动词不可与之搭配。句意：有时，自然界的平衡受到打扰，导致了许多可能的不可预见的影响。‎ ‎3.When _______ a job, you should highlight your experience and skills.‎ A. accounting for B. interviewing for C. applying for D. searching for ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：求职时，你应该突出你的经验和技能。apply for“申请”，符合句意。account for解释，说明；interview for为……面试；search for搜索。‎ ‎4.Most drivers have realized the significance of traffic safety and strictly followed the traffic laws, marking the fact that our efforts have _______.‎ A. paid off B. showed off C. put off D. let off ‎【答案】A ‎5.Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _______.‎ A. put out B. go off C. go through D. go out ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】go out熄灭。句意：没人注意到小偷溜进了房子里，因为当时灯刚好熄灭。‎ ‎6.A firm, dry handshake is generally regarded as an indication that someone is confident and _______. ‎ A. in control B. in style C. in place D. in office ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】in control控制；in style有特色；in place在适当位置；in office在办公。句意：坚定干练的握手通常被看作这个人很自信、能掌控局面的象征。‎ ‎7.Once you have put your hand to an under-taking, you should _______ persevere until you have finished it. ‎ A. observe B. reserve C. preserve D. persevere ‎【答案】B ‎8.You needn’ t have _______ the speaker when he was speaking; there was enough time afterwards for you to ask questions. ‎ A. affected B. interrupted C. encouraged D. disturbed ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】affected影响；interrupted打断；encouraged鼓励；disturbed打扰。句意：当他在说话的时候，你没有必要打断他，后面有足够的时候让你提问。‎ ‎9.It is clearly stated that these regulations _______ everyone in the community, without exception.‎ A. appeal to B. adapt to C. apply to D. attach to ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】appeal to呼吁，上诉，要求，对……有吸引力；adapt to 使自己适应于；apply to适用于，应用于；attach to依附，加入。句意：声明很清楚，这些规则适用于社区的每一个人，没有例外。‎ ‎10.We can ensure you regular supplies of these materials if you _______pay for them in good time. ‎ A. pay off B. pay for C. pay back D. pay out ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】pay off还清，得到回报；pay for支付；pay back偿还；pay out付出。句意：如果你们能按时付款，我们可以保证定期向你们供应这些材料。‎ ‎11.She is still optimistic about her life in spite of the hard life she has _______ in the past three years.‎ A. gone through B. looked through C. put through D. seen through ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】go through经历；look through快速浏览；put through接通(电话)，实行，完成；see through看透(某人)。句意：尽管在过去三年中经历了生活的艰辛，但她依然对生活保持乐观。‎ ‎12.The company has been _______ of President Smith for 20 years and who will _______ it after his retirement?‎ A. in the control; take over B. in the control; take down C. in control; take over D. in control; take down ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：公司被斯密斯总裁控制20年了，退休后谁会接管呢？第一空填in the control of是某物被 人控制，in control of是某人控制某物，第二空填take over接管，take down记下，取下。‎ ‎13._______ for his action on the playing field ,but he is also famous for the things that he does off the playing field.‎ A. Not he is only known B. Not only is he known C. Only is he known not D. He is only not known ‎【答案】B ‎14.My father was so glad to meet his old friend again. You see, they _______ with each other for nearly 30 years.‎ A. lost contact B. had lost contact C. had been out of contact D. has been out of contact ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据句中出现的时间状语for nearly 30 years可知，要用完成时。又因失去联系这一动作延续到他们这次见面之前，所以要用过去完成时。由于lose contact不能延续，故C项正确。句意：我的父亲再次见到他的老朋友，是那么的高兴。你知道的，他们几乎有30年没有联系了。‎ ‎15.The wife _______ a big dinner when the husband was aware of their eighth wedding anniversary that day.‎ A. was still preparing B. had hardly prepared C. did carefully prepare D. would eagerly prepare ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】“hardly...when一……就……”句型中，主句中动词的时态用过去完成时。句意：妻子刚准备好一顿丰盛的晚餐丈夫就意识到那天是他们结婚八周年纪念日。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of rubbish because people are 2 more rubbish than ever before.‎ How did we 3 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 5 modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 6 .‎ Another cause is our 7 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 8 people, we are always looking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.‎ Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 buying new things.‎ Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones.‎ All around the world, we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.‎ Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.‎ 语篇解读：文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了 的东西，以新物品取而代之。 而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环境带来很大的压 力。‎ ‎1. A. key B. belief C. project D. problem ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】A.答案，关键；B.看法，信念；C.项目；D.问题。根据上下文可知：东西用坏了就把它扔了，再 买新的。这就出现了垃圾堆积如山的问题，故选 D。‎ ‎2. A. picking out B. throwing out C. running out of D. cutting out ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】throw out rubbish 扔掉的垃圾。“挑选，选择，辨认出”、“用完，耗尽”与“剪裁；剪下”不符 文意。故选 B。垃圾堆积如山的问题是因为人们扔掉的垃圾比以往任何时候都多造成的。‎ ‎3. A. face B. become C. observe D. change ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】第二、三、四自然段讲 a throwaway society 形成的 cause。因此此处问了一个问题：“我们是怎样 变成了一个爱浪费的社会的呢？”。而不是怎样去 face(面临)、observe(观察)或 change(改变)的。‎ ‎4. A. consume B. control C. replace D. withdraw ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】后半句说我们不是花时间与金钱去修理坏了的东西，说明我们是用另外的东西来“代替”它们，‎ 因此用“replace”，故选 C。consume 消耗，耗费，消费；control 控制；withdraw 收回。‎ ‎5. A. Thanks to B. In particular C. Except for D. Regardless of ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】A.多亏；B.尤其，特别；C.除了；D.不管。依据逻辑关系，公司能够快速而廉价地生产产品出来 是“因为”现代的制造业和技术，故选 A。‎ ‎6. A. safe B. legal C. cheap D. powerful ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】与 inexpensively 相对应，产品就“便宜”。其他选项与文章无关。故选 C。‎ ‎7. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】A.爱，喜欢；B.缺少；C.阻止；D.划分。依据 Another cause 知道产生更多垃圾的原因是我们“喜 欢”使用一次性产品。与后文中的 appetite(嗜好)相照应。故选 A。‎ ‎8. A. sensitive B. kind C. greedy D. busy ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 依据后文 to save time and make our lives easier 可知是“繁忙”的人们， 而不是 sensitive (敏感的) 、‎ kind(善良的) 、或 greedy (贪婪的)。故选 D。‎ ‎9. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】A.方法；B.地方；C.工作；D.朋友。为了省时和生活更加舒适，人们就使用一次性产品，公司也 就“生产”大量的一次性产品。使用一次性产品是一种 save time and make our lives easier 的“方 式”。故选 A。‎ ‎10. A. conserve B. receive C. produce D. preserve ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】A.保护；B.收到；C.生产；D.保存。句意：企业生产大量的一次性产品，故选 C。‎ ‎11. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】adapt to 适应；return to 返回，归还；respond to 反应；contribute to 为……做贡献，促成，有助于。‎ 从“also”一词可看出此处又是讲我们对新产品的 appetite(嗜好)也“导致，促成”了上述问题，故 选 D。‎ ‎12. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】依据前文的 appetite(嗜好)，我们不会“厌倦”“担心”和“羞于”购买新产品，而是对此“上 瘾” ，因此选 B。‎ ‎13. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】A.更新的；B.更强壮的；C.更高的；D.更大的。前文 new things 提示。后文 new ones 与之照应。‎ 句意：广告使人们相信新的更好，故选 A。‎ ‎14. A. pick up B. pay for C. let off D. throw away ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词短语。A.捡起，学会，用车接；B.支付；C 排放；D.扔掉。我们不断购买新东西，于是 就“扔掉”了还有用的东西，故选Ｄ。‎ ‎15. A. advantages B. purposes C. conflicts D. consequences ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】垃圾成山是 throw away lifestyle(爱浪费的生活方式)的“后果”，不是“优点”、“目的”、和 ‎“冲突，矛盾”，因此选 D. consequence 结果。‎ ‎16. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】A.显示，展示；B.记录；C.减少；D.测量。并列的两个不定式表目的，后文说政府要求回收物品 循环使用，因此是“减少”垃圾，故选Ｃ。‎ ‎17. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】A.技术；B.环境；C.消费者；D.品牌。全文都是谈的与环境相关的话题，因此是保护“环境”。‎ 故选 B。‎ ‎18. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 A.然而； B.要不然； C.因此； D.同时。 依据上文可知回收是一种解决问题的方法， 后文中 not enough 与之相对，因此此处有转折意味，故选Ａ。句意：然而，只是要求人们循环利用是远远不够的，‎ 故选 A。‎ ‎19. A. by B. in favor of C. after D. instead of ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 A.通过； B.支持； C.在……之后； D.代替， 而不是。 本段讲除了上文中提到的回收外的 another way 就是 repair our possessions(修理东西)，自然“代替”了扔掉，故选 D。‎ ‎20. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】A.花费，度过；B.收集；C.修理；D.宣传。句意：我们也需要重新考虑对修理的态度，根据下句 ‎“repairing...”可知答案，故选 C。‎ 四、七选五。‎ Which is much more significant to you when you are finding a job？Working experience or an advanced degree？Well，I believe diverse people have different answers. 1 Here are some ‎ reasons：‎ Above all，most of jobs don't require such a high degree，which means just some work，such as theoretical physics，archaeology，or literature，needs high academic qualification. 2 For example，when you are offering a department manager post，and there is a man who has already been a manager for three years but only has a master's degree and an inexperienced person with a doctor's degree，which one would you choose？Definitely the first one for the manager who doesn't acquire a doctor's degree but has rich working experience.‎ ‎ 3 For instance，Bill Gates，who was the richest man in the world and one of the most successful merchants.What a wise choice when he decided to abandon studying so that he could gain more working experience instead of a doctor's degree！Or Steve Paul Jobs，who discontinued his study at the age of nineteen in order to become a member of a computer company just like Bill Gates. 4 ‎ ‎ 5 Maybe you shouldn't have to gain an advanced or high degree，but that doesn't mean nothing.Probably a bachelor's degree is still necessary in this fiercely competitive society.‎ All in all，I think rich working experience is much more important than an advanced degree.‎ A．However，a degree is still required for most people.‎ B．Meanwhile，rich working experience will draw more attention.‎ C．Secondly，plenty of experience will bring you success much earlier.‎ D．In my view，either working experience or an advanced degree counts.‎ E．As for me，I will say working experience without hesitation.‎ F．As a matter of fact，more people with rich working experience become successful.‎ G．From all of these，we can see that an advanced degree isn't so necessary as working experience.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。论述了工作经验是工作成功的最重要的因素这一论点。‎ ‎1．E　[根据空处位置可知，空处承上启下，根据该段第二句“Working experience or an advanced degree？”可知，空处提出自己的观点并引出下文，故E项与此处匹配。]‎ ‎2．B　[根据本段最后一句“Definitely the first one for the manager who doesn't acquire a doctor's degree but has rich working experience.”并结合空后所列举的例子可知，该例旨在证明丰富的工作经验在应聘时更受欢迎，故B项与此处匹配。]‎ ‎3．C　[根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段的主题句；根据本段列举的比尔·盖茨放弃学业创业成功和乔布斯在十九岁时辍学这两个例子可以判断，‎ 本段旨在说明丰富的工作经验能促使人早日成功，故C项正确。]‎ ‎4．G　[根据该空所在的位置可知，该空总结本段大意；由空前列举的比尔·盖茨和乔布斯这两个例子可以判断，高学历不如工作经验重要，故G项正确。]‎ ‎5．A　[根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段的主题句；由本段最后一句“Probably a bachelor's degree is still necessary in this fiercely competitive society.”可知，在这个竞争激烈的社会中，学历仍然是有必要的。据此可以判断，本段主要陈述学历对于大部分人来说还是需要的，故A项正确。]‎