英语高中专题高考英语大一轮复习语法专题讲析专题二 冠词 8页

专题二　冠词 考点一　不定冠词 ‎①[2016·浙江]The prize for the winner of the competition is a two－week holiday in Paris.‎ 这次比赛获胜者的奖项是巴黎两周游。‎ ‎②[2015·重庆]I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.‎ 我刚听说Dora工作的那家银行遭到了一名戴面具的持枪人的抢劫。‎ ‎③[2017·安徽六校高三检测]—Excuse me，is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood？There is a parcel for him.‎ ‎—Sorry，but there is no such person here.‎ ‎——劳驾，这个居民区住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗？这里有他的包裹。‎ ‎——对不起，这儿没有这么一个人。‎ 考点总结 不定冠词a/an的用法 ‎1．单数可数名词前用不定冠词a/an表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。‎ ‎2．表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。‎ ‎3．用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间；用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。‎ ‎4．不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示“再一，又一”。‎ ‎5．表示单位时间内的频度，含有“每”的概念。‎ 考点二　定冠词 ‎①[2015·陕西]The more learned a man is，the more modest he usually becomes.‎ 一个人学识越渊博，他通常就会越谦逊。‎ ‎②—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?‎ ‎—Yes，as you know，the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.‎ ‎——你昨天玩得开心吗？‎ ‎——是的，正如你所知，晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。‎ ‎③[2017·山东临沂一中检测]I don't know who invented the iPhone，but I think ‎ it is a useful invention.‎ 我不知道是谁发明了iPhone，但是我认为它是一个有用的发明。‎ 考点总结 定冠词the的用法 ‎1．用在名词前表示特指。‎ ‎2．用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。‎ ‎3．用在序数词和最高级前。‎ ‎4．用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。‎ ‎5．用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour，by the dozen等，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词，如by weight，by height等。‎ ‎6．用于表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。如：in the 1980s。‎ ‎7．用于表示方位、西洋乐器等名词前。‎ ‎8．用于固定搭配中。‎ 考点三　零冠词 ‎①He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth.‎ 他下班回家，会问他的孩子们是否刷了牙。‎ ‎②A year can be divided into four seasons—spring，summer，autumn and winter.‎ 一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。‎ ‎③Clever boy as he is，he can't solve such a difficult problem.‎ 尽管他是个聪明的孩子，但无法解决这么难的问题。‎ ‎④Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there's no such thing as a free lunch.‎ 想一下那条最著名的经济规则：天下没有免费的午餐。‎ ‎⑤It's generally acknowledged that music can bring people pleasure.‎ 普遍认为音乐能给人们带来乐趣。‎ 零冠词的用法 ‎1．不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。‎ ‎2．称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。‎ ‎3．月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。‎ ‎4．as/though引导的让步状语从句中，如果作表语的名词置于句首，名词前不用冠词。‎ ‎5．no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。‎ ‎6．高考中常见的纯不可数名词，不能与不定冠词连用。这些词有baggage，luggage，furniture，health，weather，fun，space(太空)，advice，word(＝news)，progress，information，luck，wealth(财产)等。‎ 考点总结 ‎◆冠词与语法填空 冠词是位于名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词，它不能离开名词而单独存在。语法填空中，重点考查冠词的基本用法。另外冠词活用及习惯搭配是考查难点。‎ ‎[典题试做1]‎ 在空白处填入适当的冠词 ‎1．[2016·全国Ⅰ]The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed，________other is with mum—she never suspects.‎ ‎2．[2016·全国Ⅱ]Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for________while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.‎ ‎3．[2015·全国Ⅱ]The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.‎ ‎4．[2015·广东]He owned ________ farm，which looked almost abandoned.‎ 答案：1.the　2.a　3.the　4.a ‎[应对策略1]‎ 在名词或“形容词＋名词”前缺少限定词时，要考虑冠词。不定冠词a/an表示泛指，可译作“一个/本/座/……”等；定冠词the表示特指，相当于“‎ 这，这些，那，那些”。另外要注意：特指上文出现的或谈话双方心目中知道的人或事物用the；在序数词、最高级、独一无二的事物名词之前用the。‎ ‎◆冠词与短文改错 在短文改错中对于冠词的考查常涉及漏掉冠词、冠词错用与冠词多余这三种情况。‎ ‎[典题试做2]‎ 单句改错(每小题1处错误)‎ ‎1．[2016·全国Ⅰ]My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.________‎ ‎2．[2016·全国Ⅱ]But in that case，we will learn little about world.________‎ ‎3．[2016·全国Ⅲ]At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.________‎ ‎4．[2016·四川]I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.________‎ 答案：1.the→a　2.world前加the　3.去掉the　4.kitchen前加the ‎[应对策略2]‎ 判断冠词的方法：‎ ‎(1)根据泛指和特指。若泛指“一个”，再根据单词的第一个音素来判定用a还是an；若特指，用the。‎ ‎(2)根据固定搭配。注意固定搭配中不能多用或少用冠词。‎ ‎◆书面表达中冠词易错点聚焦 由于受到汉语的干扰，疏漏冠词是我们中国学生在写作中的常见错误类型之一。存在误区有以下几种：‎ ‎1．对抽象名词具体化的应用判断失误。‎ ‎(误)The Christmas evening party was success.‎ ‎(正)The Christmas evening party was a_success.‎ ‎2．冠词在一些固定结构中的误用。‎ ‎(误)Mrs. Taylor has an eight－year－old daughter who has the gift for painting—she has won two national prizes.‎ ‎(正)Mrs.Taylor has an eight－year－old daughter who has a gift for ‎ painting—she has won two national prizes.‎ ‎(误)Our teacher is kind to us and he often has words with us.‎ ‎(正)Our teacher is kind to us and he often has a_word with us.‎ ‎3．冠词表示类别和不用冠词时的易错点。‎ ‎(误)In many places in China，a bicycle is still the popular means of transportation.‎ ‎(正)In many places in China，the bicycle is still the popular means of transportation.‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．[2017·江西红色七校一联]As he approached the bridge，the sound got louder and then he saw________pitiful sight.‎ ‎2．[2017·山东下学期综合测试Ⅱ]Recently when he took________look at his collection of books，he discovered the old book borrowed 61 years ago.‎ ‎3．[2017·山东烟台3月诊断]But a parent of another child came up with________even better idea—getting the whole class to learn sign language along with Zejd.‎ ‎4．[2017·安徽芜湖、马鞍山一检]Most seriously，relying on smartphones to make friends does not give us________same advantage as making new friends in the real world.‎ ‎5．[2017·江西师大附中、鹰潭一中4月联考]For your generation to live in________better world，there is so much more our generation can do.‎ 答案：1.a　解析：句意：他快到那座桥时，声音变得更大了。然后他看到了一片凄惨的景象。设空处后的名词sight作“景象，情景”讲时，为可数名词，在本句中表泛指，故与不定冠词连用。‎ ‎2．a　解析：句意：最近，当他查看他的藏书时，他发现了那本61年前借的旧书。“take a look(at...)”为固定短语，意为“看一看”。‎ ‎3．an　解析：句意：但是，另外一位孩子的家长想出了一个甚至更好的主意——让全班的学生和Zejd一起学习手语。设空处后的idea为可数名词，在本句中表泛指，故设空处用不定冠词；设空处后even以元音音素开头，故答案为an。‎ ‎4．the　解析：‎ 句意：最严重的是，依赖智能手机交友并不能给我们带来与在现实世界交友同样的益处。the same...as...意为“与/和……一样的……”。‎ ‎5．a　解析：句意：为了让你们这一代生活在更好的世界里，我们这一代有很多事情可以做：“a＋比较级＋名词”意为“更……的……”。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．[2017·福建南平3月质检]Twice a day，someone is scheduled to take him out for walk.________‎ ‎2．[2017·河北邯郸一模]In the Spring Festival，my family and I went to Beijing and had different holiday.________‎ ‎3．[2017·湖北黄冈3月质检]I was walking to school this morning when I caught a sight of an old woman with a walking stick lying on the ground.________‎ ‎4．[2017·福建十三中高三期中]How are you？Today I've got a wonderful news to tell you.________‎ ‎5．[2017·四川成都外国语学校月考]I told him I could not go to the college because I did not want to study anymore.________‎ 答案：1.walk前加a　2.different前加a　3.去掉sight前的a　4.去掉a　5.去掉the Ⅲ.语法填空 A(冠词专练)‎ When I walked down 1.________Third Avenue，as 2.________rule，I used to look into the windows of 3.________old shop that sold old and beautiful things.Since I often took my walk after the closing time，I cupped my hands against 4.________windows to get 5.________small look at the treasures inside.‎ Some things looked as if they had not been noticed for 6.________long time，but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface.I even thought they were 7.________most beautiful that I had ever seen.That was how I felt about old people，too.I knew their value，and it hurt me when others missed it.I was raised by my grandmother and given 8.________deep sense of the value of experience.Taught to behave well，my sister and I respected other people，regardless of their age or color.My grandmother was loved by all 9.________people around her.She was known to be 10.________wise and kind woman，who was able to do things well even in her last years.‎ Old people should be treated as fine gold.They may be gradually tarnished(失去光泽) by age，but they can be polished with respect.You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.‎ 答案：1.the　2.a　3.an　4.the　5.a　6.a ‎7．the　8.a　9.the　10.a B ‎[2017·江西南昌二中高三三考]‎ As an exchange student，Wei Hua studied in a British high school for one year.She was happy 1.________the school hours in Britain because school starts around ‎9 a．m. and ends about 3：30 p．m.‎ On the first day，all the new students 2.________(attend) an assembly in the school hall. Wei Hua sat next to a girl 3.________ name was Diana.During the assembly，the headmaster told the students that the best way to earn respect was to devote themselves 4.________study and achieve high 5.________(grade)．As there were different students in some classes,6.________was a struggle for Wei Hua to remember all the faces and names.Although the homework was not as heavy as 7.________she used to get in her old school，it was a bit 8.________(challenge) for her at first because all the homework was in English.Luckily，all her teachers gave her much 9.________(encourage)．To improve her English，Wei Hua used English every day and spent an hour each day 10.________(read) English books in the library.‎ In a word，studying in Britain was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for Wei Hua.‎ 答案：1.with　解析：be happy with为固定短语，意为“对……很满意”。‎ ‎2．attended　解析：分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语，由on the first day可知需要用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．whose　解析：whose引导了一个定语从句，修饰先行词a girl并在定语从句中作定语。‎ ‎4．to　解析：devote oneself to为固定搭配，意为“投身于，致力于”。‎ ‎5．grades　解析：grade为可数名词，其名词复数为grades。‎ ‎6．it　解析：本题考查句型It is＋n.＋for sb. to do sth.，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语。‎ ‎7．what　解析：分析空格后面的句子成分可知，此处为从句，需要用连接词。结合上下文句意可知用what引导并在句中作及物动词get的宾语。‎ ‎8．challenging　解析：a bit修饰形容词，故此处用challenging意为“具有挑战性的”。‎ ‎9．encouragement　解析：much修饰不可数名词，encourage的名词为encouragement。‎ ‎10．reading　解析：spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，为固定搭配。‎