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2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英 语(北京卷)
注意事项:
1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证
号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标
号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题
卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)
第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,共15分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,
并在答题卡上:将该项涂黑。
例: it's so nice to hear from her again__,we last met more than thirty years
ago.
A. what's more
B. That’s to say
C. In other words
D. Believe it or not
答案是D。
1. -Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around?
-Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just__on Monday.
A. start
B. have started
C. started
D. had started
此
卷
只
装
订
不
密
封
班
级
姓
名
准
考
证
号
考
场
号
座
位
号
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2. __we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will
be gone.
A. Although
B. While
C. If
D. Until
3. __along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel
B. Traveling
C. Having traveled
D. Traveled
4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and __as a volunteer in the neighborhood.
when I visited her last year
A. is working
B. was working
C. has worked
D. had worked
5. She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit
A. which
B. who
C.as
D. that
6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together__a meal,
admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share
B. to share
C. having shared
D. shared
7. China's high-speed railways from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the
pastfew years.
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A. are growing
B. have grown
C. will grow
D. had grown
8. In any unsafe situation, simply__the button and a highly-trained agent will
get you the help you need.
A. press
B. to press
C. pressing
D. pressed
9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who__in the mountains
for two days.
A. are trapping
B. have been trapped
C. were trapping
D. had been trapped
10. Ordinary soap, __correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used
B. to use
C. using
D. use
11. Without his support, we wouldn't be__we are now.
A. how
B. when
C. where
D. why
12. In today's information age, the loss of data__cause serious problems for
a company.
A. need
B. should
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C. can
D. must
13. They might have found a better hotel if they__a few more kilometers.
A. drove
B. would drive
C. were to drive
D. had driven
14.-Good morning, Mr. lee's office.
-Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment__next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for
B. on
C. in
D. at
15. This is__my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for
the best.
A. how
B. which
C. the
D. what
第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Homeless Hero
For many,finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a
source(来源)of temptation(诱惑).But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you
were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions
of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable.
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After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window
down,he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19 to return.
After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out
hoping to find some ID so he could contact(联系)the driver, only to 21 it contained
£400 in notes,with another £50 in spare change beside it.
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind
to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague
Carol Lawrence returned to the car-which was itself worth £35,000—in Glasgow city
centre, they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen
told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 24 .
The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 25 .
Mr. Anderson said:“"I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny.
To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money
and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and 27 he didn't take the
wallet for himself;he thought about others 28 it’s unbelievable. It just proves
there are 29 guys out there.”
Mr. smith’s act 30 much of the public’s attention. He also won praise
from social media users after Mr. Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on
Facebook.
Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for
Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received
£8,000. “I think the faith that everyone has shown 33 him has touched him. People
have been approaching him in the street; he's ha I job 34 and all sorts, ”Mr.
Anderson commented.
For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35 . The story once again
tells us that one good turn deserves another.
16.
A. hope B. aim
C. urge D. effort
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17.
A. still B. even
C. ever D. once
18.
A. wallet B. bag
C. box D. parcel
19.
A. partner B. colleague
C. owner D. policeman
20.
A. turned B. hid
C. stepped D. reached
21.
A. discover B. collect
C. check D. believe
22.
A. taking B. leaving
C. reading D. writing
23.
A. satisfied B. excited
C. amused D. shocked
24.
A. safe B. missing
C. found D. seen
25.
A. service B. support
C. kindness D. encouragement
26.
A. when B. if
C. where D. because
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27.
A. rather B. yet
C. already D. just
28.
A. too B. though
C. again D. instead
29.
A. honest B. polite
C. rich D. generous
30.
A. gave B. paid
C. cast D. drew
31.
A. learned B. posted
C. cared D. heard
32.
A. borrow B. raise
C. save D. earn
33.
A. of B. at
C. for D. in
34.
A. details B. changes
C. offers D. applications
35.
A. lesson B. adventure
C. chance D. challenge
第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,共30分)
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阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最仁选项,并
在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
My First Marathon(马拉松)
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant
not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined
to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher
required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later
informed me that I was“ not athletic”.
The idea that I was "not athletic" stuck with me for years. When I started running
in my 30s,I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or
whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and
mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line.
I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带)became untied. So I
stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile3, I passed a sign:“ GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite
the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest
fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses
on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In
fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
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Determined to be myself,, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗
标签), I can now call myself a "marathon winner”.
36. A month before the marathon, the author .
A. was well trained
B. felt scared
C. made up his mind to run
D. Lost hope
37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C. To show he was not talented in sports.
D. To share a precious memory.
38. How was the author's first marathon?
A. He made it.
B. He quit halfway.
C. He got the first prize.
D. He walked to the end.
39. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. A man owes his success to his family support.
B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C. Failure is the mother of success.
D. One is never too old to learn.
B
Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation (航空)Center
If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center(SAC)is
the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with
hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in
engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions.
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They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot,
and they leave with real-world applications for what they're studying in the
classroom.
For the trainees,the programs also offer a great way
to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space
Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and
try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation
Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn
the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱)of
a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness
Survival badge as they learn about water-and
land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of “downed"
pilot.
With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of
leadership and being part of a bigger task.
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience
together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
Stay an hour or stay a week--there is something here for everyone!
For more details,please visit us online at www.oursac.com.
40. Why do people come to SAC?
A. To experience adventures.
B. To look for jobs in aviation.
C. To get a degree in engineering.
D. To learn more about medicine.
41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .
A. fly to space.
B. get an Aviation badge first.
C. study the principles of flight.
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D. build and fire model rockets.
42. What is the most important for trainees?
A. Leadership.
B. Team spirit.
C. Task planning.
D. Survival skills.
C
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.
Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12
million tons pollute the oceans. qSo far there is no effective way to
get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs
of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of
the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics.
The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours,
and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To
confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene
breakdown, the
researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.
14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass--apparently broken down by
enzymes(酶)from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology
in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break
down their everyday food-beeswax--also allows them to break down plastic "Wax is
a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is
there
as well, "she explains. "The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this
bond. "
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Jennifer Debruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not
involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down
polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking
down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause
of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠
道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the
enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in
some kind of industrial process-not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the
plastic.”
43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
B. They are newly evolved creatures.
C. They can consume plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
A. identify other means of the breakdown
B. find out the source of the enzyme
C. confirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdown speed
45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future
46. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain a study method on worms.
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B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C. To present a way to break down plastics.
D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
D
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's
dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently
now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for
companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared
the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to
operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the
way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.
It's hard to predict when
driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the
technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities,
for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless
cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving
vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient,
affordable
mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure
that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy- or even worsen- the traffic of today with driverless cars?
Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate
long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work,
entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take
their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building
to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or
the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer
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people to take public transport——an unwelcome side effect researchers have already
found in ride- hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing
petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems
could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of
transportation infrastructure
(基础设施) and operations40%by2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound
pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost
certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving
technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).But
driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become
comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance
of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled
transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents
a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move
more people,and
more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
47. According to the author,attention should be paid to how driverless cars
can__________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
48. As for driverless cars,what is the author's major concern?
A. Safety.
B. Side effects.
C. Affordability.
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D. Management.
49. What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Employed.
B. Replaced.
C. Shared.
D. Reduced.
50. What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful.
B. Positive.
C. Disapproving.
D. Sympathetic
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两
项为多余选项。
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various.
Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior,and correct bad habits. The
main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发)events,personality traits(特征),
and our assessment of situations. 51
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take
hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a
deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more._52 The reason why
someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal
history and psychological traits.
Each person. no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who
have personality traits that conncct with competitiveness and low upset tolerance
are much more likely to get angry. 53 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have
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to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event
has occurred.
____54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or
anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的)outlooks on situations can
create anger.
____55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the
reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons
in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases
of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually
advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have
reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is
in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to
evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers
one person may or may not trigger another.
第三部分:书面表达(共两节,35分)
第一节(15分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他
对中国文化感兴趣,计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件,内容
包括:
1.表示欢迎;
2.推荐他上哪所大学;
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3.建议他做哪些准备工作。
注意:1.词数不少于50;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
第二节(20分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英
文周记,记述你们上周接待外国学生,带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。
注意:词数不少于60。
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