• 68.00 KB
  • 2021-05-13 发布

高考英语语法复习连词讲解练习

  • 5页
  • 当前文档由用户上传发布,收益归属用户
  1. 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
  2. 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
  3. 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
  4. 网站客服QQ:403074932
语法:连词 Link words 连词是虚词,不能在句中单独担任成分,只起连接作用。按其用法,连词可分为两大类:并列连词(Coordinate Conjunctions)和从属连词(Subordinate Conjunctions)。‎ 一.并列连词:连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子。‎ ‎ 1. 并列关系:and, not only…but also…, both…and…, neither…nor…‎ ‎ I used to live in Paris and London.‎ ‎ Both Jane and Jim are interested in fishing.‎ ‎ The weather here is neither too cold nor too hot.‎ ‎ She is not only kind but also honest.‎ ‎ 2. 转折关系:but, yet, while(然而), when(然而,偏偏)‎ ‎ The car is very old but it runs very fast.‎ ‎ The problem was a little hard, yet I was able to work it out.‎ ‎ The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.‎ ‎ Why did you borrow the book when you had one?‎ ‎3. 选择关系:or, not…but…, either…or…, ‎ ‎ Would you like to live or would you like to stay?‎ ‎ He is not a teacher but a writer.‎ ‎ You can come either on Saturday or on Sunday.‎ ‎4. 因果关系:for ‎ It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.‎ ‎ The leaves of the trees are falling, for it’s already autumn.‎ ‎5. 区别 ‎(1)and和or ‎ ‎1) 并列结构中,or通常用于否定句,and用于肯定句。‎ ‎2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点:‎ ‎ There is no air or water in the moon.‎ ‎ There is no air and no water on the moon.‎ 在否定中并列结构用or 连接,但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构,因此要用and。‎ 典型例题 ‎ ---I don’t like chicken ___ fish.  ---I don’t like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.‎ ‎ A. and; and  B. and; but C. or; but D. or;and ‎ 答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。‎ 判断改错:‎ ‎ (错) We will die without air and water.‎ ‎ (错) We can’t live without air or water.‎ ‎ (对) We will die without air or water.‎ ‎ (对) We can’t live without air and water.‎ ‎(2) 表示选择的并列结构 ‎ ‎1) or 意思为"否则"。‎ ‎ I must work hard, or I’ll fail in the exam.‎ ‎2) either…or 意思为"或者……或者……"。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。‎ ‎ Either you or I am right.‎ ‎(3) 表示转折或对比 ‎1) but表示转折,while表示对比。‎ ‎ Some people love cats, while others hate them.‎ 典型例题 ‎ ‎ --- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?  --- I’d like to, ___ I’m too busy.‎ ‎ A. and  B. so  C. as  D. but  ‎ ‎ 答案D。but与前面形成转折,符合语意。而表并列的and, 结果的so,原因的as都不符合句意。‎ ‎2) not…but… 意思为"不是……而是……" not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。‎ ‎ They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.‎ ‎(4) 表原因关系 ‎1) for ‎ 判断改错:‎ ‎ (错) For he is ill, he is absent today.‎ ‎ (对) He is absent today, for he is ill.‎ ‎ for是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句中间。‎ ‎2) so, therefore ‎ He hurt his leg, so he couldn’t play in the game.‎ 注意:‎ ‎ a. 两个并列连词不能连用,但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列连词连用。‎ ‎ You can watch TV, and /or you can go to bed.‎ ‎ He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn’t play in the game.‎ b. although… yet…,但although不与 but连用。‎ ‎ (错) Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work..‎ ‎ (对) Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work.‎ ‎(5) 注意: ‎ not only… but also 关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。‎ ‎ Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.‎ neither…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致。‎ ‎(6) 比较so和 such 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much, little连用,形成固定搭配。‎ ‎ so + adj.       such + a(n) + n.‎ ‎ so + adj. + a(n) + n.   such + n. (pl.)‎ ‎ so + adj. + n. (pl.)    such +n. (pl.) ‎ ‎ so + adj. + n. [不可数]  such +n. [不可数]‎ ‎ so foolish         such a fool ‎ ‎ so nice a flower      such a nice flower ‎ so many/ few flowers    such nice flowers ‎ so much/little money.    such rapid progress ‎ ‎ so many people       such a lot of people so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。‎ so…that与such…that之间的转换即为 so与such之间的转换。‎ 二.从属连词:指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有:‎ ‎       引导时间状语从句的:after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as ‎ ‎       引导原因状语从句的:because, since, as ‎       引导让步状语从句的:although, though, no matter(无论), even if (though)‎ ‎       引导条件状语从句的:if, unless, once, as (so) long as ‎ ‎       引导结果状语从句的:so, so that, so … that …, such … that …‎ ‎       引导目的状语从句的:so, so that …, in order that …‎ ‎       引导比较状语从句的:as … as …, not so (as), as, than ‎ ‎       引导方式状语从句的:as, as if …, as though ‎ 引导地点状语从句的:where,wherever ‎       引导名词性从句(主语,宾语、表语或同位语从句)的连词主要有:that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。‎ ‎(一)某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别 ‎1、当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别: ①while引导的状语从句中动词必须是延续性。谓语动词多为进行时,或状态动词的一般时。while 的这些用法可用when代替,等于 “at the time that”, “during the time that”。‎ 例如:Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying; ② when除可指一段时间外,还可用来指一点时间,等于 “at the time”, when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的,也可以是延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时,进行时,或完成时。‎ 例如:When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.(不能用while) ‎ He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.(when可换成while)‎ ‎③as常可与when,while通用,但强调“一边、一边”。‎ 例如:As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37. ④when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致,主、谓是“主语+系动词”结构时,这时主语和系动词可以省略。‎ 例如:When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man.‎ She’ll be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary. ⑤when有时代替if,引导条件句,意为“如果”、“假如”,例如:I’ll come when (if) I’m free.‎ ‎ 2、before作连词一般表示时间,意为“在…之前”,但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译:He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我;‎ Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没来得及插话,他已经给我量好了尺寸。‎ ‎ 3、till, until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句,用于否定句时,结构为not …until (till),主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可,意为“直到…才…”。用于肯定句时,只与延续性动词连用,表示“到…为止”。‎ 例如:They played volleyball until (till) it got dark.‎ They didn’t talk(延续)until (till) the interpreter(译员)came.‎ He didn’t go to bed(非延续)until (till) the his father came back.;until可以放在句首,till则不行,‎ 例如:Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing. ‎ Not until he finished his work did he go home.(倒装);till, until只用于时间,‎ 以下句子是错误的:We walked till the edge of the forest.(要用as far as或to)。‎ ‎ 4、because, since, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别: ①如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because ,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子,一定用because回答。‎ 例如:He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.; ②如原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其他部分重要,就用as,或 since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。‎ 例如:As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now let’s begin.‎ ‎ 5、although和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样,但注意以下区别: ①although用于各种文体,而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although, though引导的从句后,主句不能用but,但可用副词yet, still。‎ 例如:Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.(或yet they went on working) ②though常与even连用,even though表示强调,意为“即使”,但不能说even although,‎ 例如:Even though I didn’t understand a word, I dept smiling. ③though可用作副词,意为“然而”,常用逗号与句子分开。although则不能这样使用,它只作连词。‎ 例如:It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though.‎ ‎ 6、once作副词译“曾经”,作为连词译“一旦”,引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。‎ 例如:I don’t believe he was once a thief. (once这里是副词)/ ‎ Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. (once连词)‎ ‎ 7、unless引导条件状语从句等于if … not …。‎ 例如:He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low. ( = He’ll accept the job if the salary is not too low.)‎ ‎ 8、在用as if引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中,根据情况要使用虚拟语气。‎ 例如:He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有时也可用直陈语气。‎ It looks as if it is going to rain.‎ ‎9、whether, if引导从句的用法区别: ①引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时,用whether,不用if。‎ 例如:Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ ‎ The question is whether we can finish the task on time./ ‎ The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided. ‎ ‎②whether可接不定式,而if则不可。例如:I haven’t decided whether to leave or not. ③whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调,而if则不可。‎ 例如:Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ ‎ Whether he will come, I am not sure. ④whether和if均可引导宾语从句, whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句,if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的,也可以是否定的(此时不能用whether),‎ 例如:Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ ‎ I wonder if it doesn’t rain. ⑤引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与or not连用。连用时要注意or not的位置,它一般与 whether、if分开使用,有时它可与whether合起来使用,但不能与if合起来使用。‎ 例如:I don’t know whether/ if they will come or not./ ‎ I don’t know whether or not they will come.  ⑥if可用来引导条件状语从句,译“如果”,whether则不行。‎ 例如:If you work hard, you are sure to succeed.‎ ‎10、as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。 ‎ ‎①as引导时间状语从句,意为“当…时”。‎ 例如:As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked.  ②as引导方式状语从句,意为“象…一样”。例如:We must do as the Party teaches us.  ③as引导原因状语从句。意为“由于”,例如:As you are tired, you had better rest.  ④as引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.)   另外,as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句,如:I have the same book as you.‎ 连词while是高考一个命题的热点,你知道其考点主要涉及哪些方面吗? 一、考查表示时间的用法,其意为“当……的时候”。如: We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。 Stand still while I take your photograph. 我给你拍照时站着不要动。 Have we got enough books to read while we are on holiday? 假期里我们有足够的书看吗? Were there any calls for me while I was out? 我出去的时候,有人来过电话吗? She hates anyone listening while she is telephoning. 她打电话时不愿让任何人听。 二、考查表示让步的用法,其意为“尽管”“虽然”。如: While the work was difficult, it was interesting. 虽然工作有难度,但很有趣。 While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思,但我还是不同意。 ‎ 三、考查表示对比的用法,其意为“而”“但”。如: Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. 一些人糟踏食物而另一些人却食不果腹。 I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳,而其余的人则去打网球了。 Prices are rising sharply, while incomes are lagging far behind. 物价飞涨而收入却远远落后。 注:这样用时,while引出的句子通常位于末,但有时也可位于句首。如: While most children learn to read easily, some need extra help. 大多数儿童学会阅读很容易,有一些儿童却需要特别帮助。 While Deauville is a holiday resort, Trouville is more of a working town. 特维尔是个度假胜地,而特鲁维尔更多的却是个工业城市。 四、考查其省略用法,即主句与从句主语相同,且从句谓语动词含有动词be时,通常可省略从句主语和动词be。如: While (he was) in prison, she wrote her first novel. 她在狱中写出了第一部小说。 He had strayed from home while still a boy. 他小时候就离开家到处流浪了。 He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework. 他做着做着功课就睡着了。 ‎ I was only listening to the radio with half an ear, while (I was) preparing some food. 我正在做吃的东西,没太留心听收音机。 ‎ ‎【考点实训】 ‎ ‎1. She just sits there reading her story book, _________ I do all the work.‎ A. until B. while C. because D. though ‎ ‎2. Their economy has expanded enormously, _________ ours, by contrast, has declined. ‎ A. while B. unless C. in case D. which 3. Could you watch my bags for me, _________ I go to the toilet? ‎ A. though B. unless C. what D. while ‎ ‎4. The professor is typing his own letters _________ his secretary is ill. ‎ A. what B. which C. if D. while ‎ ‎5. She said she was going to the shops and asked me whether I wanted anything _________ she was out. ‎ A. though B. while C. which D. before ‎ ‎6. Tea is the most popular drink, _________coffee comes second. ‎ A. since B. until C. what D. while ‎ ‎7. Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, _______ those in the south are relatively poor. ‎ A. since B. before C. while D. because 8. It is no accident that men fill most of the top jobs in nursing, _______ women remain on the lower grades. ‎ A. after B. since C. while D. which ‎ ‎9. _________ trying to open the can, I cut my hand. ‎ A. Though B. Because C. For D. While ‎ ‎10. Some people prefer a vegetarian diet, _________ others prefer a meat-based diet. A. though B. while C. which D. for ‎ ‎11. He didn’t ask me in; he kept me standing at the door _________ he read the message. A. while B. before C. after D. which ‎ ‎12. Now’s the time to buy a car, _________ the interest rates are low. ‎ A. but B. which C. while D. until ‎ ‎13. The couple took good care of the baby _________ occupied by their work. ‎ A. while B. after C. which D. since ‎ ‎14. How did you spend your time _________ you were on holiday? A. although B. while C. which D. since ‎ ‎15. Because Jane had once had a bad accident _________ driving, she was afraid to try it again. A. though B. unless C. for D. while ‎ ‎(以上答案均是while)‎ 练习 连词 ‎1 .He is very old,____ he still works very hard. ‎ A. but B.if C.when D.as ‎2. ____ you are dismissed.‎ A. Neither you go nor B. Either you go or C. Whether you go or D. Both you go and ‎3. They had camped once before, ____ they knew what to take.‎ A. because B. now C. so D. since ‎4. Why these things happened was ____ the driver had been careless. ‎ A. because of B. owing to C. due to D. that ‎5. Although, it's raining, ____are still working in the fields.‎ A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they ‎6.___we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.‎ A. So B. Since that C. Now that D. By now.‎ ‎7. Write clearly ____ your teacher can understand .you correctly.‎ A. since B. for C. because D. so that ‎8.You'll miss the train ____ you hurry up. ‎ A. unless B. as C. if D. until ‎9. Francis did the task____ his brother. ‎ A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as ‎10.The size of the audience,____ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.‎ A. as B. what C. that D. whom ‎11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,____ he still watches the program.‎ A. yet B. besides C. also D. then ‎12. It looks ____ it's going to rain. ‎ A. that B. as C. as if D. like that ‎13.____ to New York, her father has not heard from her.‎ A. Because she went B. After she went C. When she went D. Since she went ‎14.___he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky. ‎ A. Until B. Since C. While D. During ‎15. We arrived at the station ____ the train had left. ‎ A. after B. before C. since D. when ‎16.____ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.‎ A. But B. Although C. Even if D. If ‎17. Give me one more minute ____ I'll have finished. ‎ A. so B. until C. and D. when ‎18. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,____ he could not find any work.‎ A. and B. yet C. or D. and but ‎19. Hurry up, ____ you'll be late. ‎ A. or B. and C. so D. yet ‎20. Do not make the same mistake ____ I did. ‎ A. so B. as C. like D. that ‎21. My sister is expecting me,____ I must be off now. ‎ A. however B. or C. so D. otherwise ‎22. We should pay attention ____ to industry ____ to agriculture.‎ A. either, or B. neither, nor C. not, but D. both, and ‎23. He ran off____ I could stop him. ‎ A. before B. after C. since D. when ‎24.____ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. ‎ A. Till B. Until C. After D. Since ‎25. Where have you been ____ you left home? ‎ A. before B. as C. since D. when ‎ ‎26.____ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.‎ A. Until B. Since C. After D. Unless ‎27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year____ we did last year.‎ A. as B. than C. like D. white ‎28.It is late; ____, I'm too tired to go out. ‎ A. besides B. except C. except for D. except that ‎29. Everything around us is ____ solid ..liquid ____ gas.‎ A. not .. .but... B. either.. .or... C. neither.. .nor... D. whether.. .or...‎ ‎30. He will come ____ you ask him. ‎ A. whether B. unless C. if D. while ‎31.____ he will come or not is still unknown. ‎ A. If B. Where C. That D. Whether ‎32.I don' t know ____ to stay at home or go out. ‎ A. whether B. if C. how D. where ‎33. He spoke loudly ____ the audience could hear him clearly.‎ A. so B. that C. so that D. in order to ‎34. The book is not easy.____ it's rather difficult.‎ A. On the one hand B. On the contrary C. On the other hand D. On the other contrary ‎35. You must work hard,____ you will not learn English well.‎ A. if B. whether C. otherwise D. unless ‎36. It rained heavily,____ the basketball match had to be put off.‎ A. so that B. when C. otherwise D. therefore ‎37. We must do ____ the people want us to do..‎ A. whatever B. however C. wherever D. whenever ‎38. You are certainly right,____ others may say. ‎ A. what B. whatever C. that D. as ‎39.____ makes mistakes must correct them. ‎ A. Who B. What C. Whoever D. Whatever ‎40.I’ll discuss it with you ____ you like to come. ‎ A. when B. where C. whoever D. whenever ‎41.____ you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.‎ A. Wherever B. Whenever C. Where D. When ‎42.___you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.‎ ‎ A. Once B. At once C. Only D. Only then ‎43.___ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.‎ A. No matter how B. No matter what C. No matter when D. No matter where ‎44. We can surely overcome these difficulties _,___ we are closely united.‎ A. so far as B. so long as C. as soon as D. as well as ‎45.___ I know he will stay here for half a year.‎ A. as soon as B. as long as C. so far as D. as well as ‎46. Please write me ____ you arrive in New York.‎ A. as well as B. so long as C. as far as D. as soon as ‎47. That is not ____ I want. ‎ A. that B. why C. what D. whose ‎48. ___ he did it remains a secret. ‎ A. What B. Whom C. Which D. How ‎49. It is quite clear ____ he won't see us. ‎ A. what B. that C. why D. how ‎50. Would you tell me ____ way I should take? ‎ A. what B. that C. which D. whose ‎51. I am sure ____ you said is true. ‎ A. what B. that C. which D. who ‎52. The trouble is ____ we can not find such an expert.‎ A. why B. that C. where D. /‎ ‎53. It has not been decided ____ they will leave.‎ A. why B. when C. which D. what ‎54. We shall go ____ you are ready. ‎ A. while B. as soon as C. as D. since ‎55. He will tell you about it ____ you get there. ‎ A. while B. as C. when D. /‎ ‎56. Don't try to get off the bus ____ it has stopped.‎ A. while B. as C. since D. before ‎57. I'll come and see you _____ I go to the countryside.‎ A. while B. when . C. as soon as D. before ‎58. ___ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.‎ A. While B. When C. Since D. After ‎59. Things have changed a lot ____ I wrote to you last time.‎ A. when B. since C. as D. before ‎60. I can't use your pen, ___ there is no ink in it. ‎ A. for B. when C. if D. whether ‎ ‎61. I'd like to go swimming ____ the water is not too cold.‎ A. for B. unless C. if D. whether ‎62. Difficulties are nothing ___ we are not afraid of them.‎ A. for B. as C. if D. whether ‎63. The doctor will not perform the operation ___ it is absolutely necessary.‎ A. when B. if C. for D. unless ‎64. Go back ___ you came from. A. until B. where C. which D. when ‎65. He lay ___ the grass was the thickest. A. where B. when C. that D. after ‎66. You will find friendly people ___ you go in China.‎ A. where B. and C. wherever D. so ‎67. ___ it was already dark, they went on working in the fields.‎ A. If B. Whether C. But D. Though ‎68. ___ he has finished writing the novel is unknown. ‎ A. If B. Whether C. When D. While ‎69. We'll go and see the patient ___we are busy. ‎ A. even if B. for C. if D. while ‎70. The museum is ___ far ____ it will take us half an hour to get there by bus.‎ A. such... that B. as...as C. so...that D. so … as 练习、连词 ‎1.(全国卷2)13. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, ______, in fact, there were 40. A. while B. whether C. what D. which ‎2.(北京卷)34. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. and B. for C. but D. or ‎3.(辽宁卷)24.He was about halfway through his meal _______ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while ‎4.(辽宁卷)34.I grew up in Africa, at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there. A. and B. or C. so D. but ‎5.(四川卷)24. Start out right away, ________ you'll miss the first train. A. and B. but C. or D. while ‎6.(天津卷)2. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A. since B. when C. as D. while ‎7.(湖南卷)23.A man cannot smile like a child, ___ a child smiles with is eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. A. so B. but C. and D. for 练习 连 词:答案 ‎1~5 ABCDA 6~10 CDACA 11~15 ACDCA 16~20 BCBAB 21~25 CDABC ‎ ‎26~30 BBABC 31~35 DACBC 36~40 AABCD 41~45 AAABC 46~50 DCDBC ‎ ‎51~55 ABBBC 56~60 DDCBA 61~65 CCDBA 66~70 CDBAC ‎1-7 ABCBC DD