助力2014高考英语任务型阅读专项特训3 10页

‎【助力2019】高考英语任务型阅读专项特训（3）‎ 请认真阅读下列短文，并在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。每空一词。 In the United States, engineering is a profession that has been dominated historically by men． Even today, it’s still true that few women become civil or chemical or mechanical engineers, but that’s something www．EngineerGirl．org aims to change． Young women who visit the web site can find out about a great career choice they might not have considered． “Women are very much underrepresented in engineering and in engineering education programs and then of course, down the road, in the engineering workforce． So only about 20 percent of engineering undergraduate degrees go to women, and then only about nine percent of working engineers are women．” Mary Mattis in the National Academy of Engineering, says the EngineerGirl website aims to reach young women around ages 11 through 14, when they are just getting old enough to start thinking about their futures． “We know from the research that middle-school girls are at a critical point in their lives, and that it’s a time when we need to reach them, both with an understanding, increasing their awareness of interesting fields in engineering, what a wonderful productive and exciting career you can have as an engineer． But we also need to reach them at that time because you have to take certain courses, and you can’t start thinking about taking those courses when you’re a junior in high school．” Engineering is a demanding course of study ---there is a lot of science and mathematics, for many girls and even boys, that can be challenging． But Ms． Mattis says that the EngineerGirl website stresses that engineering can also be fun and exciting． “It’s about designing things． It’s about changing the world for people． It’s about making a difference． And, in addition, you can make a good living, you can be independent economically by becoming an engineer． All of those things are messages that girls need to get．” While most engineers go into traditional fields such as mechanical and electrical engineering, the EngineerGirl site also highlights unusual engineering careers in fields such as sports engineering and --- believe it or not --- chocolate engineering． “There’s a section called ‘why be an engineer,’ and that talks about the many opportunities and increasingly different opportunities like with bio-engineering and environmental engineering, some fields that might appeal to girls who want to make a difference or have a meaning for their careers ‎ beyond earning an income．” Even if you are not a girl in the target age group, there’s a lot of interesting information on the site, including biographies of some notable women engineers．‎ Title Website（71）______ Girls to learn Engineering Present （72）_____ for the engineering profession in the USA The majority of men take up the profession throughout（73） ______, while only a small number of women work as engineers．‎ ‎（74）_____ of the website To make young women （75）_____ of interesting fields in engineering and what productivity and（76）_____ the career of being engineers can bring them．‎ ‎（77）_____ of being engineers ‎* It can be fun and exciting． * It can（78）_____ the world for people． * You can make a good living． * You can gain economic（79）_____ by becoming an engineer．‎ Other fields concerning engineering Various opportunities are talked about like bio-engineering and engineering （80） _____ to sports, and even chocolate．‎ 答案：‎ ‎ 【小题1】Encourages 【小题2】situation 【小题3】history 【小题4】Purpose/Aim/Goal/Intention ★【小题5】aware ★【小题6】excitement 【小题7】Benefits/Advantages 【小题8】change ★【小题9】independence 【小题10】related[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]‎ 解析：‎ ‎ 试题分析： 【小题1】由第三段可以知道网页是鼓励女孩工程师行业，所以是Encourages 【小题2】由第一段可以知道工程师行业的目前形势：大部分都是男人，很少有女人，所以是situation 【小题3】由第一段第一句话engineering is a profession that has been dominated historically by men．可以知道从历史上看，工程师行业大部分都是男人，所以是history ‎ ‎【小题4】由倒数第五段说的是网页的目的，鼓励女孩学习工程技术，所以是Purpose ★【小题5】由第四段的第三行increasing their awareness of interesting fields in engineering,可以知道是aware ★【小题6】由第五段最后一句the EngineerGirl website stresses that engineering can also be fun and exciting．所以是excitement 【小题7】由倒数第四段可以知道是写成为工程师的好处，所以是Benefits 【小题8】由倒数第四段第一行It’s about changing the world for people可以知道是change ★【小题9】由倒数第四段第三行you can be independent economically by becoming an engineer．可以知道是independence 【小题10】由倒数第三段第二行the EngineerGirl site also highlights unusual engineering careers in fields可以知道是related 考点：考查综合分析能力 点评：本文主要说明在工程师这个行业，女人非常少，有个网页鼓励女孩成为工程师，说了工程师的好处。做此类题时，首先要通读全文，然后再看问题，根据问题再读文章，找到合适的词，如果没有合适的词，可以根据原句的意思，找个词代替。[来源:1]‎ ‎2阅读填空 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。 Time, a faithful company of our life, is a universal topic. People are always curious about what it is, how it travels and who it meets. Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s smartest physicists, once said. “I’m fascinated by time.” Many of us are, and the popularity of time travel novels, movies and TV series has proved that. After Palace and Startling by Each Step achieved astonishing ratings last year, Palace 2 aired on January 20, attracting time travel fans back to TV. Woody Allen’s movie Midnight in Paris achieved great success. It was nominated for Best Picture, Directing, Original Screenplay and Art Direction for the 2019 Academy Awards. Dream of heroism Time travel TV series and movies connect both today and the past, thus offering room for imagination. Imagination creates a chance for the young to fulfill a dream that is hard to achieve in reality. Chinese writer Xi Juan is a pioneer of time-travel stories in China. In 1993 she published a love story about a young woman time traveling to ancient times. The leading role’s modern personality and perception of love help her win the heart of a cool, handsome martial art master. Such a plot satisfies ‎ female fans’ love fantasy. Starting from the late 1990s, novels about men traveling back to the past prevailed (盛行), with a Step into the Past as the most popular example. In these stories, the male leading roles accomplish great things with their modern skills and wisdom. It is usually “a dream of heroism come true”, along with enviable romances. Eye candy “I’m hooked by the shows because they are characterized by dramatic and poetic love and have eye-pleasing actors,” Xia Xiaoyan, who works for a foreign-owned enterprise in Shanghai, explained her love for time travel TV series. Her comment echoes a 2019 survey by Creat Marketing Research Co Ltd in China. When asked about what is so appealing about time travel TV series, 21 percent of respondents answered, “These attractive characters.” A bigger reason behind the popularity of time travel stories, however, is the relaxation they offer, according to the survey. Cai Yinong agrees. “Many people are facing tremendous pressure in their fast-paced lives, so this genre is more relaxing than other shows as it provides people with a terrific outlet to escape reality,” Cai told China Daily. Cultural homesickness “Which dynasty would you like to live in if you could travel to the past?” asked a survey launched by Shanghai‎ ‎University and Shanghai Social Sciences Association last December. About 60 percent of the 2,543 respondents chose Tang Dynasty, while Qing Dynasty, and the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods were the other top two destinations. The survey results reflects people’s definition of the good days: prosperous economy and culture, steady society, fair and uncorrupted politics, and opening up to the outside world. As for the movie Midnight in Paris, it features modernity versus cultural homesickness. The New York Times commented, “The past seems so much more vivid, more substantial, than the present. The good old days are so attractive because we were not around, however much we wish we were.”‎ Time travel wins fans Phenomenon ‎ l Stephen Hawking shows great interest in (71)___________. l People prefer (72)__________ time travel movies and TV series. l Woody Allen was (73)_________ in his time travel movie.‎ Reasons for its (74)__________‎ Supporting details[来源:Z,xx,k.Com]‎ Dream of heroism ‎ l Chances are offered for the young to fulfill (75)__________ hard to achieve in reality. l Xi Juan’s 1993 love story (76)________ a young woman traveling to ancient times, which satisfies females fans. l From the late 1990s, novels about (77)_________ traveling back to the past became increasingly popular. l The male leading role in A Step Into the Past travels back to the past to fulfill great things by using his (78)________ skills and wisdom.‎ Eye candy Attractive actors and travel stories make viewers under pressure (79)__________.‎ Cultural homesickness Most respondents chose to live in a certain dynasty for: l Prosperous economy and (80)_________; l Steady society; l Fair and uncorrupted politics l Opening up to the outside world. ‎ 答案：‎ ‎ 【小题1】time 【小题2】watching/ seeing ★【小题3】successful 【小题4】popularity 【小题5】dreams 【小题6】introduces/ introduced/ describes/ described 【小题7】men/ male 【小题8】modern 【小题9】relaxed 【小题10】culture.[来源:1]‎ 解析：‎ ‎ 试题分析： 【小题1】 time 归纳总结。根据第二段Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s smartest physicists, once said. “I’m fascinated by time.”说明Hawking对时间特别感兴趣。 【小题2】watching/ seeing 词义转换。根据第三段第一行Many of us are, and the popularity of time travel novels, movies and TV series has proved that说明人们都喜欢看穿越类的小说，电影，连续剧。 ‎ ‎★【小题3】successful 词性转换。根据第四段第一行Woody Allen’s movie Midnight in Paris achieved great success.他很成功，表格里使用形容词的形式。 【小题4】popularity 原词再现。根据第三段第一行the popularity of time travel novels, movies and TV series。说明这里使用popularity. 【小题5】dreams 原词再现。根据Dream of heroism部分第二行fulfill a dream 【小题6】introduces/ introduced/ describes/ described 词义转换。根据Dream of heroism部分第二段she published a love story about a young woman time traveling to ancient times.说明介绍这本书的情节。 【小题7】men/ male 原词再现。根据Dream of heroism部分第三段s about men traveling back. 【小题8】modern 原词再现。根据Dream of heroism部分倒数第二行with their modern skills ★【小题9】relaxed 词性转换。根据Eye candy部分第三段A bigger reason behind the popularity of time travel stories, however, is the relaxation they offer中的名词转换成形容词。 【小题10】culture. 原词再现。根据文章倒数第二段prosperous economy and culture。 考点：考查任务型阅读 点评：任务型阅读要求考生在文章的篇章结构有很好的理解，同时对表格的结构也很清晰。注意词性和词形的变化，也要注意同义词，近义词的转换。‎ ‎3任务型阅读 ‎ 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应的横线上。 Teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym. Scientific investigations (调查) are almost always carried out by teams of people working together. Ideas are shared, experiences are designed, data are analyzed, and results are evaluated and shared with other investigators. Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone. Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates. Whatever teh task your group is assigned, a few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive and successful experience. What comes first is to keep an open mind, becasue everyone’s ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution. Secondly, it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members. Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths. ‎ Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another. Mutual support and trust often make a great difference. Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups. Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities: Make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her, and everyone knows exactly when, why and what to do; take turns doing various tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members. When there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore the issue in a very detailed way. You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly. A format for exchanging information (e.g. photocopies of notes, oral discussion, etc.) is also important, for a well-chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily understood. When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group. Most important of all, it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement. After you’ve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the team’s effectiveness — the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges.‎ Title Working Together Theme Effective performance needs highly cooperated (71) ________‎ General rules l Keep an open mind to everyone’s (72) ________. l Divide the group task among group members. l (73) ________ and trust each other.‎ ‎(74) ________‎ l Understand and agree to the (75) ________ task of one’s own. l Take turns doing various tasks. l Show concern for others to ensure safety. l Take (76) _________ for one’s own learning. l Compare your own observations with those of others.‎ Explore an issue l Break the (77) ________ into several areas. l Keep records of the sources just in (78) ________. l (79) ________ your information with others via proper format. l Make all decisions by compromise and agreement.‎ ‎(80) ________ effectiveness l Analyze the strengths and weaknesses. l Find out the opportunities and challenges.‎ 答案：‎ ‎71. teamwork 72. ideas/opinions/views/thoughts 73. Support/Encourage/Back 74. Suggestions 75. given/assigned ★76. responsibility 77. topic/subject/issue 78. case 79. Exchange/Share 80. Evaluate ‎4任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分）(verbing---verb; noun--verb) 请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 Communication Principles How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate．“Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”．Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them．But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication．A student．for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesn’t like the fact that I don’t agree with his opinions．and that’s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class．”The teacher might say the opposite．Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person’s view is wrong． The concept of serf originates in communication．Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others．You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you．Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are．Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process．Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people．In a more obvious way．communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share．So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self． Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life．If you are not communicating with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior．Even if the other person did not intend a message for you．you gather observations and draw specific conclusions．A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message．A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to ‎ you．A third person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently） and you believe that he is attracted to you．We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them． More often than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement．You may have made a joke out of your rude statement．Nonetheless，your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mind．You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others．Communication cannot be reversed（倒退），nor can it be repeated．When you tried to re—create the atmosphere，the conversation，and the setting，nothing seemed right．Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results．‎ Paragraph outline Supporting Details Communication begins with the self ‎●People are somewhat products of others’ treatment and messages． ●we are always（71） ▲ in communication with others．‎ Communication （72） ▲ others ‎●Experiences of others help children learn to accept roles． ●Messages from others help you（73） ▲ who you are． ●Needs and（74） ▲ of others should be considered．‎ Communication （75） ▲ everywhere ‎●We are communicating with ourselves by thinking，planning and reacting to the outside world． ●We are always（76） ▲ other people by observing even if they do not intend any message for you． ●We are constantly collecting meanings from others’（77） ▲ ． ●We are constantly（78） ▲ meanings by what we do．‎ Communication cannot be reversed nor repeated ‎●You may explain what you have done，but you cannot（79） ▲ what remains in the other person’s mind． ●Yon may redo the conversation，but you（80） ▲ achieve the same results．‎ 答案：‎ ‎71-75. self-centred／subjective；involves ；★determine／define／know／understand ；★expectations／hopes／desires／wishes；occurs／happens／exists／arises 76-80. reading／understanding/knowing ；behaviors／acts／action（s）／activities；conveying／expressing；erase／remove／delete/change；can’t／cannot 解析：‎ ‎71、Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person’s view is wrong．需要将其意思转换为是自我为中心的或个体主观的意思。 72、从文中第二段内容可以找出。‎ ‎ 73、neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are．可以找出答案，然后对信息进行一下转换。 ★74、communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share．信息定位后转化一下，使之适合于表格。 75、由Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life．转化而来 76、if you are not communicating with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you） 77、you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior． 78、We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them．转化而来 79、You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others． 80、Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results．转化而来