人教版必修三unit2高考复习 4页

Unit2 Book3‎ ‎ ‎ 基础梳理 Ⅰ.词汇与派生 ‎1.diet n.日常饮食；vi.节食→______ a diet节食 ‎2._______vt.平衡；权衡；n.天平；平衡→_______ adj.平衡的 ‎3.lie n.谎言；vi.说谎→lie ______..(原因、事实)在于……‎ ‎4._______n.折扣→______ a discount打折 ‎5.________ n.缺点；弱点；虚弱→__________n.缺点，短处(常用复数)‎ ‎6.consult vt.咨询；请教；商量→refer ______/consult a dictionary ______ sth.＝look up sth. _____ a dictionary在词典中查阅……→__________n. 顾问；咨询者；会诊医生 ‎7.debt n.债，债务→_______ debt欠债 ‎8.glare vi.怒目而视；n.怒视→glare ____怒视→________at凝视→_______ at瞥一眼；扫视 ‎9.______vi. & vt.窥视；秘密监视；n.间谍→spy ____暗中监视，侦查 ‎10.______ vi. & n.叹息，叹气→______ n.迹象；招牌；手势；vi. & vt.签名，签字；打手势 ‎11.curiosity n.好奇心→_______ adj.好奇的→___________curiosity出于好奇 ‎12.hostess n.女主人；女主持人→______主人；节目主持人；主办国(城)；vt.主办；主持 ‎13.________ n.强项，长处；力量→________ vt.巩固，加强 ‎14.digest vi. & vt.消化；n.摘要→_______n.消化 ‎15.limit vt.限制，限定；n.界限；限度→_________ adj.有限的 ‎16.benefit n.利益，好处；vt. & vi.有益于，有助于；受益→______ adj.有利的；有用的，有益的 ‎17.combine vt. & vi.(使)联合；(使)结合→__________ n.结合(体)，联合(体)‎ 语境助记 Out of curiosity，I consult her about how she keeps so slim and energetic. She explains that she never discounts the strength of the balance of a diet. She benefits from more fiber and the limited amount of fat. Believe it；it’s not a lie.‎ 学情自测 根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1.Sunshine and moisture(湿度) are _________(benefit) to living things.‎ ‎2.It’s our duty to keep it ___________(balance).‎ ‎3.Exercise and proper diet make you healthy and _________(strength).‎ ‎4.They stood there，__________(glare) at each other without a word.‎ ‎5. If he can________his ability with hard work，he should be very successful.‎ ‎6.If the pain continues，__________(consult) your doctor.‎ Ⅱ.短语与拓展 ‎1.______weight体重减轻；减肥→put________ weight增加体重 ‎2.get _______ with被放过；(做坏事)不受惩罚→get _______逃离，逃脱 ‎3.win..._______赢回；重新获得 ‎4. be amazed ______..对……感到惊讶 ‎5.cut ______削减；删节→cut ______切掉，剪下；切断，断绝 ‎6.before _______不久以后→________ before很久以前；很长时间之后才……‎ ‎7.(be) tired _____.对……厌烦、厌倦→(be) tired _______..由于……疲劳 学情自测 根据语境选择上述短语的适当形式填空 ‎1.If you cheat in the exam，you’ll never __________it.‎ ‎2.You ought to __________on your intake of rich foods in order to keep healthy.‎ ‎3.David ___________ by writing articles for newspapers.‎ ‎4.I’m sure these improvements will allow us to win_back our market share.‎ ‎5.Everybody was _____________ his design.‎ ‎6.That had happened_________(＝a long time earlier).We’ll know _________(＝soon).‎ 高频考点 重点单词 ‎1.balance n均衡；平衡；v.平衡；权衡 keep/lose one’s balance保持/失去平衡 on balance总的来说,off balance失去平衡的 balance...against权衡，比较 balanced adj.平衡的 keep a balanced diet保持饮食平衡 ‎(1)The key is to get your life back in balance.‎ ‎(2)You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.‎ ‎(3)I think on balance I prefer the new education system.‎ ‎2.consult v.咨询；请教；商量；查阅；参看 consult a dictionary查字典 consult with sb. about/on sth.就某事与某人交换意见 consult sb. about sth.向某人咨询某事 consultant n.顾问 ‎(1) (3)We will be consulting with representatives from several different industries.‎ ‎(2)He consulted with his partners about that investment.‎ ‎3.benefit n.优势；利益；成效；v.使受益；得益于 benefit from/by从……中受益 be of benefit to＝be beneficial to对……有益 for one’s benefit＝for the benefit of sb.为帮助某人；为某人的利益 beneficial adj.有利的；有用的 ‎(1)One is testing with real patients，so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.‎ ‎(2)These small businesses have benefited greatly from the fall in interest rates.‎ ‎ (3)The new regulation will be of benefit to everyone concerned.＝The new regulation will be_beneficial_to everyone concerned.‎ ‎4.glare v.怒视；n.怒视；瞪眼 glare at怒目而视 in the glare of在……的注目下 glance at看一眼，瞥一眼 at a glance一眼，立刻 at first glance乍一看 stare at凝视；盯着……看 ‎(1)Her mother was ironing clothes and every now and then she glared at her husband，who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read. ‎ ‎(2)The old gentleman just stood there glaring_at the pickpocket.‎ ‎(3)The sun glared down, dazzling them.‎ 易混辨析　glare，glance，stare ‎(1)glare侧重于怒视，暗含敌对或威胁的态度。‎ ‎(2)glance指快速地看或瞥一眼。‎ ‎(3)stare指由于生气、害怕或吃惊而睁大眼睛注视某人或某物。‎ 练习 ‎(1)They didn’t fight, but stood there _______ at one another.‎ ‎(2)She is so afraid of the big dog that she ______ at it without moving a little.‎ ‎(3)The chairman _______ at his watch and announced the meeting was over.‎ ‎5. limit n. 限制；限度；界线vt. 限制；限定limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限制的 limit sb./sth. to... 限制某人/某事到某种程度 put a limit on... 对……限制 there is a limit to对……是有限的 ‎ without limit 无限地，无限制地 ‎1. Don't drive so fast! You must keep within the speed limit.‎ ‎2. Many animals either limit their activity during the winter.‎ ‎3. There’ s a limit to how much I’ m prepared to spend.‎ 对点自测 ‎ Ⅰ.语境填词 glare，benefit，consult，balance, limit ‎1.Athletes need a good sense of _______.‎ ‎2.They _______at each other across the table.‎ ‎3.I have typed out some lecture notes for the _______of those people who were absent last week.‎ ‎4._________t the timetable to see when the last train leaves.‎ ‎5. The speed limit on this road is ‎70 mph.‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎1.I think we need to see an investment________before we make an expensive mistake.‎ A.guide B.thinker C.consultant D.lawyer ‎2.The teacher glanced________this student who was busy________a picture.‎ A.to；drawing B.at；draw C.at；drawing D.at；to draw ‎3.Who is most likely to________the old lady’s death?‎ A.benefit B.benefit from C.be beneficial D.be beneficial to ‎4.I think it’s important to keep a ________ between study and a social life.‎ A.distribution B.balance C.combination D.assignment ‎5. Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also________our thinking.‎ A.direct B.limit ‎ C.change D.improve 重点短语 ‎1.get away with(做了某事)而不受惩罚；携带……跑掉 get across解释清楚，使人了解 get along/on with进展；(与……)相处 get around/round走动；(消息)传开 get down to开始；着手 get sb.down使沮丧；使悲伤 ‎(1)If cats and dogs can learn to get along，surely people have a good chance. ‎ ‎(2) She never arrives on time at the office, but she somehow managed to get away with it.‎ ‎(3)News soon got around that he had resigned.‎ ‎2.cut down砍倒；削减，缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)；驳倒 cut in (on sth.)插嘴；插入 cut off切断；切掉；隔绝 cut out剪除，切掉，割掉；删除 cut up切碎(＝cut...into pieces) cut sth.in half/in two将……对半切开 ‎(1)I wish Marie would stop cutting ____ on our conversation all the time.‎ ‎(2)The electricity company is threatening to cut us ___.‎ ‎(3) This article is too long, so you have to cut it ____ to 1,000 words.‎ ‎(4) Before we can print this book，you will have to cut ______ all the dirty words.‎ ‎3.He couldn’t have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies！他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉！‎ ‎[解释]‎ ‎ have sb./sth. doing sth. 使某人或某物一直做某事 have sb./sth. doing sth. 容忍某人或某物总是干 ‎ have sb./sth. do sth. 使某人或某物做某事(注意不要在do之前加上to)‎ ‎ have sb./sth. done sth. 请人做某事(自己不去做或无法做)，(主语)遭受了不好的事情 ‎[典例]‎ ‎1). I had him waiting at the gate from eight o’ clock this morning till now. ‎ ‎2). I’ ll have him finish my work. ‎ ‎3). I had my hair cut. ‎ ‎4). The woman had her handbag robbed yesterday. ‎ 对点自测 ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 cut down，get away with, have…burning ‎ ‎1.He was asking $500 for the car，but we ________ to $300.‎ ‎2.Those who lie and cheat will never _________it.‎ ‎3.It was cold，and she_____the fire_____ all day and night.‎ Ⅲ.单项填空 ‎1.In winter，some rich people fly south to________the cold weather in the north.‎ A.get close to B.get away from C.get off D.get down to ‎2.If you don’t ________ your smoking，I will ________ your supply.‎ A.cut up；cut down B.cut down；cut off C.cut in；cut off D.cut in；cut up ‎3.The director had her assistant ________ some hot dogs for the meeting.‎ A.picked up B.picks up C.pick up D.picking up ‎4．The manager tried to explain the problem，but what he said didn’t ______ to the players.‎ A．get away with B．get over C．get down D．get across ‎5．—Did Peter fix the computer himself?‎ ‎—He ________，because he doesn’t know much about computers.‎ A．has it fixed B．had fixed it C．had it fixed D．fixed it 语法复习-情态动词（二）‎ need need 用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情态动词时，仅用于否定句和疑问句，只有现在时，过去式要用needn't have，疑问式用need+人称?,否定式用need not(即needn't）， ‎ ‎1．—Need we leave soon?‎ ‎—Yes, you must.(No, you needn't)‎ ‎2．You needn't have hurried.‎ ‎(=It was not necessary for you to hurry，but you did).你当时不必这么匆忙。‎ ‎ 做实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同，后接带to的不定式（need doing = need to be done ）,过去式用needed、did you need?和didn't need,肯定式用needs/needed/need,疑问式用do、does、did提问，否定式要在前面加don't、doesn't、didn't ‎1. A job like nursing needs patience and understanding. 2．He needs to see a doctor.‎ ‎3．Do you still need volunteers to help clean up after the party? ‎ ‎4．They didn't need to start so early.‎ dare dare 用于表示“敢于”之意。做情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中 ‎ ‎1．—Dare you tell her the truth?‎ ‎ —Yes, I dare. /No, I daren’t.‎ ‎3． How dare you accuse me of lying!‎ ‎4． He daren’t admit this.‎ ‎ 用作实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同。在肯定句中，dare后接带to的不定式；否定句中，dare后既可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to的不定式。 ‎ ‎1． Only a few journalists dared to cover the story.‎ ‎2． He doesn’t dare (to) go there alone.‎ ‎3． Don’t you dare (to) touch it?‎ 情态动词+have done 用法 ‎ must have done 表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事 ‎1． She must have gone through a lot.‎ ‎2． He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States.‎ may/might have done 表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）……“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。 ‎ ‎1． You may have learnt the news.‎ ‎2． He may not have heard his name called.‎ ‎3． Sorry I’m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.‎ can…have done cannot have done 表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。（can换成could时语气委婉） ‎ ‎1． Where can she have gone?‎ ‎2． Could he have done such a foolish thing?‎ ‎3． The boy can’t have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.‎ could have done 可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经……”之意，此外，还可以表示过去能做而没做的事，有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。‎ ‎1． He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.‎ ‎2． You could have been more considerate.‎ ‎3． You could have done better, but you were too careless.‎ might have done 表示“本来可能……，但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。‎ ‎1． You should not swim in that sea. You might have ‎ been eaten by a shark.‎ ‎2． He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.‎ should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。 ‎ ‎1． He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.‎ ‎2． You shouldn’t have done it so carelessly.‎ ‎3． You ought to have returned the book earlier.‎ ‎4． You ought not to have refused his offer.‎ needn’t have done 表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didn’t need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事” ‎ ‎1． You needn’t have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.‎ ‎2． I didn’t need to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.‎ had better have done 用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done表示相反的含义。‎ ‎1． You had better have started earlier.‎ ‎2． You had better not have scolded her.‎ would rather have done 表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。 ‎ ‎1．I would rather have taken his advice.‎ ‎2．I would rather not have told him the truth.‎ 练习题 ‎1. People are recycling many things which they away in the past.‎ A. had thrown B. will be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown ‎2. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _____ too much at the party last night.‎ A. could drink B. should drink C. would have drunk D. must have drunk ‎3. —I’m sorry.I at you the other day. ‎—Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself. A.shouldn’t shout B.shouldn’t have shouted C.mustn’t shout D.mustn’t have shouted ‎4. My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who ________ have taken it?‎ A. need B. must ‎ C. should D. could ‎ ‎5. Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.‎ A. needn’t B. wouldn’t ‎ C. mustn’t D. couldn’t ‎6. We have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.‎ A．may not B．needn’t ‎ C．can’t D．mustn’t ‎ ‎7- What are you doing this Saturday?‎ ‎- I’m not sure, but I go to the Rolling Stones concert.‎ A. must B. would C. should D. might ‎8. Rose _________ tell her mother that she didn’t pass the exam.‎ ‎ A．dare not to B．doesn’t dare to ‎ C．doesn’t dare D．dares not ‎9. When I was a child, I______watch TV whenever I wanted to.‎ A. should B. could C. must D. need ‎10. No one be more generous; he has a heart of gold.‎ A. could B. must C. dare D. need ‎11. Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own.‎ A. can B. must C. would D. need ‎12. I ________ myself more—it was a perfect day.‎ A. shouldn’t have enjoyed ‎ B. needn’t have enjoyed C. wouldn’t have enjoyed ‎ D. couldn’t have enjoyed ‎13. It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.‎ A. may B. couldn’t ‎ C. should D. needn’t ‎14. I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ___ find ‎ the money.‎ A. can B. might C. would D. need ‎15. I _use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.‎ A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't ‎16. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but ____ say where he was.‎ A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t ‎ C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t ‎17. ——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?‎ ‎——I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting .‎ A.will B.must C.may D.can ‎18.——Will you read me a story ,Mummy? ‎ ‎——OK. You________have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.‎ A. might B. must C. could D. shall ‎19. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong– willed man A. would be B. would have been ‎ C. must be D. must have been ‎20. Liza well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling. A.will B.can C.must D.may