2015高考英语（unit 1 great scientists）一轮复习题 6页

Unit 1　Great Scientists Ⅰ.语法单句填空 ‎1．We have come to the ________(conclude) that it would be unwise to accept his idea.‎ 答案：conclusion　考查名词词义。句意：我们得出结论接受他的想法非明智之举。come to the conclusion“得出结论”。‎ ‎2．Children________(expose) to difficult situations are better at handling those________(challenge) tasks.‎ 答案：exposed；challenging　考查非谓语动词。句意：暴露在困难处境中的孩子更容易处理那些富有挑战性的工作。第一空选exposed，因为expose与前面的the children构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以选过去分词；第二空challenging意为“挑战性的”。‎ ‎3．________(blame) for the terrible accident, the director felt nervous and was at a loss what to do.‎ 答案：Being to blame　be to blame“该受责备，应承担责任”，此处指主管为这起重大事故负责，be to blame是固定用法，不用于被动语态。‎ ‎4．The number of the foreign tourists to visit the US is expected to be more than 2 million by 2015, ________(contribute) 14 billion dollars to the US economy.‎ 答案：contributing　考查非谓语动词。句意：到2015年为止到美国的游客数目有望超过两百万，会对美国经济贡献140亿美元。现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。‎ ‎5．—What are the workers talking about?‎ ‎—They are discussing the idea the old worker put ________ at the meeting yesterday.‎ 答案：forward　考查动词短语。句意：——工人们在谈论什么？——他们在讨论那位老工人昨天在会上提出的想法。put forward“提出”，符合句意。‎ ‎6．In the following two hours, she was ________(absorb) in film, so she didn't notice what happened around her.‎ 答案：absorbed　考查动词短语意义。句意：在接下来的两个小时里，她在专心看电影，因而没有注意到周围所发生的事情。be absorbed in sth.“全神贯注于某事”。‎ ‎7．Emily felt very sad that she was suspected ________providing false statements in court.‎ 答案：of　考查动词搭配。suspect sb. of (doing) sth.“怀疑某人做了某事”。‎ ‎8．Shenzhou Ⅸ spacecraft, ________(send) up into space on June 16, 2012, docked with Tiangong1 successfully.‎ 答案：sent　考查过去分词作定语。因为神舟九号和送入太空之间存在被动关系，而且动作已经完成，所以用send的过去分词表完成和被动。‎ ‎9．The new suspension bridge ________(design) by the famous architect is ________construction now.‎ 答案：designed; under　考查动词词义及短语搭配。句意：这位著名的建筑师设计的新悬浮桥正在建设之中。句中design与suspension bridge之间是动宾关系，故第一个空用designed，相当于which was designed；under construction“在建设中”为固定结构。‎ ‎10．________ if these experiments were successfully completed would we think of going into humans.‎ 答案：Only　考查短语。句意：只有当这些实验都成功完成后，我们才能考虑在人身上实验。only if“只有当……”。‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 ‎(2013·湖北省七市联考)‎ Talking plants might sound like characters in a fairy tale. But recent scientific studies have shown that plants communicate with each other and with other living things in a surprising number of ways. To understand them, scientists say, we just have to learn their language. Farmers are especially interested in what plants have to say.‎ ‎“Plants are able to communicate with all sorts of organisms (有机体). They can communicate with giant bacteria, with other plants and with insects. They do this chemically，” said Cahill, an Ecology Professor of the University of Alberta in Canada.‎ Plant scientists are just beginning to understand this chemical “language”. Cahill says studies have shown, for example, that plants can evaluate conditions in their immediate environment and take appropriate actions. Plants have an ability, for example, to signal pain or discomfort caused by anything from temperature extremes to an insect attack. Jack Schultz, a professor of chemical ecology at the University of Missouri, says when a plant senses that it's being eaten, it cannot walk away from trouble; on the contrary, it will release a chemical vapor that alerts other plants nearby.‎ ‎“Their language is a chemical language, and it involves chemicals that move through the air that are easy to be changeable, and most of all are smells that we are familiar with，” Schultz explained.‎ ‎“All plants responded to the attack by changing their chemistry to defend themselves，” Schultz recalled. “But we were quite surprised to find that nearby plants also changed their chemistry to defend themselves, even though they were not part of the experiment.”‎ Studies have also shown that plants under attack release pleasant chemicals. Those chemicals attract friendly insects that attack the pests eating the plant.‎ In the end, plants' ability to communicate their needs—and our ability to understand them—could help farmers reduce the use of poisonous chemicals, cut operating costs and limit damage to the environment.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇科普类文章，主要讲述了“植物的特殊语言”及功能，以及这种特殊语言对农业生产可能产生的指导意义。‎ ‎1．The recent scientific studies have shown that plants can ______.‎ A．communicate with other living things in a chemical way B．hardly react to any sudden change in temperature C．use a very special chemica1 language which is familiar to us D．respond to the attack by giving off poisonous chemicals 答案：A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Plants are able to communicate with all sorts of organisms (有机体)．.. They do this chemically.”可知，植物能够与其他生物通过化学方式进行交流。故答案选A。‎ ‎2．When being eaten by an insect, the plant will ________.‎ A．walk away from trouble B．change its chemistry to kill the insect C．release a chemical vapor to “ask” other plants for help D．give off nice chemicals to attract friendly insects killing the pest 答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“when a plant senses that it's being eaten... on the contrary, it will release a chemical vapor...”以及文章倒数第二段中的“Those chemicals attract friendly insects that attack the pests eating the plant.”可知，当植物被昆虫吞食的时候，植物会释放一种化学蒸汽，这种化学蒸汽能够吸引有益的昆虫来袭击害虫。故答案选D。‎ ‎3．The underlined word “alert” most probably means “______”．‎ A．warn　　　　　　　　　 B．protect ‎ C．threaten D．allow 答案：A　词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，植物在遭受攻击时会释放一种化学物质，这种化学物质有两种功能，一是警示危险的存在，二是发出求助信息。由此可知，此处的“alert”应该意为“警示，警惕”，即warn。故答案选A。‎ ‎4．Which would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Communication between Plants ‎ B．A Chemical “Language”‎ C．Plants Can Talk ‎ D．How Plants Protect Themselves 答案：C　标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了“植物的特殊语言”及功能。C项既能概括文章的主题又生动风趣，尤其是talk一词充满了拟人化的幽默感。故答案选C。‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎(2013·海淀区期末)‎ Education from My Father My memories of my father are slim because he was so sick in the last years of his life. But there are __1__ that I am often reminded of and which may have had some bearing on my love of __2__.‎ When I was small I was somewhat __3__ of lightning and thunder. My father explained it. The explanation was in __4__ that a child could understand but was basically correct. I gained a better __5__ later, but I didn't have to unlearn anything.‎ What he said was that there was electricity in the clouds __6__ it travelled to the ground like a spark. When it travelled __7__ the air it made the air so hot that it __8__. Then there was nothing where the air had been and the air all around rushed in to __9__ the space. He clapped his hands together very loud, __10__ to be the air rushing in, and said that makes the thunder. When I hear thunder, I can still hear that __11__.‎ He explained why if it was cloudy in the winter the night was warmer than if it was __12__. It was one of those nights when the sky was full of stars: no moon, no town lights. But there were more stars than you could __13__ and they had color too. He said that if there were no clouds, we had no blankets and were __14__ to the universe. Our warmth was going to __15__ the whole universe. When there were clouds, they were like blankets and we were not exposed to the universe. I __16__ feel on the edge of space on a very clear night.‎ I am sure there were many other lessons that I __17__ but no longer remember.‎ ‎ What I did __18__， in general, was that there were explanations and that the more I understood them, the more comfortable the world was to live in. I was not taught that there were __19__ but that there was understanding if you looked for it. This may be why I have always been __20__ in science.‎ 文章大意：作者对于逝去父亲的记忆很少。但是父亲曾经用通俗易懂的方式来教育自己，作者现在仍然记忆犹新，是父亲的教育激发了作者对于科学的极大兴趣。‎ ‎1．A.others B．few ‎ C．some D．all 答案：C　考查代词词义辨析。根据上文可知，作者对于父亲的记忆比较少，但仍有令作者记忆深刻的一些。由此可知，C选项与语境相符。故答案选C。‎ ‎2．A.science B．nature ‎ C．weather D．universe 答案：A　考查名词词义辨析。根据文章最后一段最后一句“This may be why I have always been ________ in science”可知，此处指的是科学。因此，空白处应该使用“science”。故答案选A。‎ ‎3．A.sure B．fond ‎ C．tired D．afraid 答案：D　考查形容词词辨析。作者小时候有点害怕闪电和雷声。D选项与此相符。故答案选D。‎ ‎4．A.depth B．words ‎ C．gestures D．data 答案：B　考查名词词义辨析。作者父亲的解释使用了孩子能够理解的词语。A表示“深度，深处”；B表示“词，单词”；C表示“姿势，手势”；D表示“资料，数据”。由此可知，B选项与语境相符。故答案选B。‎ ‎5．A.understanding B．knowledge ‎ C．command D．confidence 答案：A　考查名词词义辨析。作者后来对此有了更好的理解。A表示“了解；理解，领会；认识”；B表示“知识，学识”；C表示“命令，指挥”；D表示“自信；信任；信心”。A选项符合语境。故答案选A。‎ ‎6．A.but B．and ‎ C．for D．or 答案：B　考查连词的用法。作者的父亲说云中有电，电像火花一样传到地面。根据语境及句子前后的逻辑关系可知，空白处应该使用“and”。故答案选B。‎ ‎7．A.above B．to ‎ C．along D．through 答案：D　考查介词词义辨析。此处表示的是光穿过空气。四个选项均为介词，其中“through”意为“穿过”，符合语境。故答案选D。‎ ‎8．A.shone B．burned ‎ C．expanded D．broke 答案：B　考查动词词义辨析。光穿过的时候，使空气如此热，以至于空气燃烧起来。由此并结合选项的词义可知，B项符合语境。故答案选B。‎ ‎9．A.fill B．make ‎ C．avoid D．break 答案：A　考查动词词义辨析。空气燃烧完之后，周围的空气涌过来并填满了这一空间。由此可知，空白处应该使用“fill”。故答案选A。‎ ‎10．A.trying B．proving ‎ C．hoping D．pretending 答案：D　考查动词词义辨析。作者的父亲大声拍手来假装空气的涌入，说这样就产生了雷声。D选项与语境相符合。故答案选D。‎ ‎11．A.clap B．remark ‎ C．voice D．crash 答案：A　考查名词词义辨析。每当听到雷声时，作者就感觉听到了父亲的掌声。由此可知，A选项符合语境。故答案选A。‎ ‎12．A.cold B．bright ‎ C．clear D．foggy 答案：C　考查形容词词义辨析。作者的父亲解释为什么在冬天的晚上阴天比晴天暖和。由此并结合前半句中的“cloudy”可知，空白处应该使用“clear”。故答案选C。‎ ‎13．A.explore B．foresee ‎ C．imagine D．identify 答案：C　考查动词词义辨析。天上的星星比想象的要多。A表示“推测，探勘，探险”；B表示“预见，预知”；C表示“想象，设想”；D表示“确认；识别；鉴定”。由此并结合选项的词义可知，C选项符合语境。故答案选C。‎ ‎14．A.committed B．exposed ‎ C．related D．led 答案：B　考查动词词义辨析。没有云彩时，我们没有遮盖物，暴露于宇宙中。A表示“犯(罪)，做(错事等)”；B表示“使暴露于；揭露”；C表示“有关，涉及”；D表示“引导，领导”。由此可知，B选项符合语境。根据下文的“we were not exposed”也可知答案。‎ ‎15．A.heat B．protect ‎ C．extend D．light 答案：A　考查动词词辨析。没有云彩时，我们的温暖将会对整个宇宙供热。A选项表示“把……加热，使暖”，符合语境。故答案选A。‎ ‎16．A.ever B．also ‎ C．even D．still 答案：D　考查副词词义辨析。现在作者在晴天的夜晚仍然有这种感觉。由此可知，空白处应该使用“still”。故答案选D。‎ ‎17．A.selected B．arranged ‎ C．absorbed D．delivered 答案：C　考查动词词义辨析。作者相信有很多别的课，自己曾经理解过。“absorbed”表示“汲取；理解；使全神贯注”，符合语境。故答案选C。‎ ‎18．A.consider B．promise ‎ C．explain D．learn 答案：D　考查动词词义辨析。根据语境可知，此处表示的是作者所学习到的。因此，空白处应该使用“learn”。故答案选D。‎ ‎19．A.memories B．blankets ‎ C．mysteries D．thunders 答案：C　考查名词词义辨析。作者认为小时候没有被教过神秘的东西，因为父亲是用通俗易懂的方式来教作者的。由此可知，C选项符合语境。故答案选C。‎ ‎20．A.engaged B．interested ‎ C．successful D．skillful 答案：B　考查形容词词辨析。这可能是作者一直对科学感兴趣的原因。由此并结合选项的词义可知，B选项符合语境。故答案选B。‎ Ⅳ.语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A：Is a college degree not always necessary for scientific success?‎ B：No，__1__excellent example of a man who won fame as a scientist__2__academic(学术的) training is Vincent J. Schaefer. ‎ A：Can you tell me more about him?‎ B：OK! Schaefer's formal education ended__3__two years of high school when he had to go to work in an untrained job at General Electric. Because of his inventive mind and his skill as a model maker, he was__4__(allow)try his own experiments in the company laboratory. His natural __5__(curious) made him wonder about clouds. He developed, after many tries, a method of making clouds rain__6__they would not normally do so. ‎ A：Is this method made him win much fame?‎ B：Yeah! The method, __7__(call) seeding, has beenvery __8__ (help) to farmers. And Schaefer believes that for people__9__are interested in the world and everything in it, a college degree is__10__(necessary)．‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．an　2.without　3.after　4.allowed to　5.curiosity ‎6．when　7.called　8.helpful　9.who　10.unnecessary