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名师解读高考英语15大语法考纲要点 精品整理
一、情景对话
1: 回答 thank you 共5条：
—Thank you for helping.
— (It's) my (a) pleasure / That's all right(OK) / Not at all / You are welcome / Don't mention it.
注意： It's my pleasure=It's a pleasure= my pleasure=a pleasure 译为：不用谢。
特大重点：with pleasure别人请求你的帮助时，回答表示“很乐意效劳”
如1.--- Could you be so kind as to close the window?
----_______. A. Me, too. B.Yes, please. C. With pleasure. D. Go ahead
2.--- Would you do me a favor and give me the box?
---: .
A. Please don’t say so B. With pleasure C. No problem D. Yes, that’s right
2:回答I'm sorry 共5条：
—I'm terribly sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.
—Forget it /. Not at all / That's all right/It doesn't matter / Never mind.
3: 回答Do / Would you mind........?
1—Do you mind if I open the door?
— No, of couse not / Certainly not / not at all /No, go ahead = if you like
2）. ––Do you mind me using your electronic dictionary?
––_____. Please go ahead.
A. Never mind B. Of course not C. Yes, I do D. That’s all right
不介意：不用never mind.和I don’t mind. 要用：No, of couse not / Certainly not / not at all. / No, go ahead = if you like
注意： go ahead= go right ahead, 干吧，用吧，拿吧，说吧，走吧，随便。
如：（1） --- Do you mind my smoking here? ---No,_______.
A. me, too. B. a good idea C. you’ d better not. D. go ahead
（2）-- I’II be away for a summer holiday. Will you mind going with me?
---__________.
A:I’ll like it B.No, I’m no time C.Not at all D.Yes, of course not
介意时：用Sorry, please don't / you'd better not. / I’d rather you didn’t /Yes, I do.
4: Why not? 怎么不行？
—Let's go there tonight.
—Why not? = That's a good idea.
如：---How about the two of us chatting onlione?
---_____ It’s much cheaper than talking on the phone.
A. No way B. Why not C. My pleasure D. Go ahead
5:回答must固定句型:
1．—Must I go now?
—Yes, you must.否定用：No,you needn't / don't have to.
6: 别人通过考试或取得成功及好消息用: Congratulations! 告诉别人某人病了或坏消息用：I am sorry to hear that .
—Tom, My daughter has won the first prize in the English contest.I can't go with you to go fishing.
—Has she?_____!
A Come on B Good luck C all the best D Congratulations
7:别人外出旅行或找工作两答语
别人外出旅行时：用 Have a good trip journey / agood time/ have fun.
别人外出找工作时：用 have good luck/ good luck 不用 have a good chance.
---Do you mind if I join my classmates in hiking this weeked, mum?
---Certainly not._______.
A Come on B Good luck C My pleasure D Have fun
8: 商店和饭店服务员的问话
商店营业员：--Can I help you?/ May I help you? Is there anything that I can do for you? What can I do for you?
饭店服务员：May I take your order ,sir?
9: It depends.的用法
—Would you please go to the cinema?
—It (all) depends. (看情况吧！)/ That (all) depends.
10. It’s up to you. (由你决定)
---Shall we go to the art exhibition right away? --- It’s up to you.
11: 回答 How are you? 用Fine, / very well, thank you.
回答 How are you doing ?/ How is everything ? 用Not too bad.
12:①What does he like? (喜欢什么?) ②What is he like?
①----What does he like?------- He likes singing.
②-----What is he like? ------- He is handsome and warm-hearted.
13: ①表示甲怎么样，乙也怎么样，用so + 助动词 + 主语
—He likes dancing, so do I.
—He will go, so will she.
②表示甲不怎么样，乙也不怎么样，用neither / nor + 助动词 + 主语
—He doesn't like dancing. Neither / Nor do I.
③If 甲怎么样，乙也怎么样，用so + shall / will + 主语
—If he likes singing, so will / shall I.
④If甲不怎么样,乙也不怎么样,用neither / nor + will / shall+主语
—If he doesn't like singing. Neither /Nor will / shall I.
④表示甲怎么样,甲就是这样,用so + 主语 + 助动词
—It was hot yesterday.
—So it was.
—Tom won the first. —So he did.
⑤表示甲的多种情况,乙也怎样,用“万能句型So it is with + sb ”
—He likes swimming but he doesn't like singing. —So it is with her.
14:I am afraid so / I am afraid not
——I’d like to make an appointment with Doctor smith. Would 9:00 tomorroe be all right?
——._________.Her schedule is full in the morning.
A:Yes,she’s free then B:I’m afraid not (我恐怕不行)
C:You must be joking D:Well, it depends
15: not really 的用法：
1.---- Are you willing to go there? --- Not really, I have a lot of homework to do.
2.---Was Martin sorry for what he’d done? ---_______.It was just like him!
A Not really B. Never mind . C.All right D.Not surprisingly
16. shall 和will 的区别
shall 与 will 的区别主要在于疑问句 shall I.. ? shall we…？ 和 shall he…？ 莫忘shall she…？ shall they…?问句主语若是you，will /would定排头。
即：一三人称用shall;
第二人称用will.
如：1.Shall I open the door? 2. Shall they come in?
3.—— I carry the suitcase for you, madam?——Oh, it’s very kind of you.
A．Need B．Could C．Shall D．Must
17. take your time ; take it easy; take it seriously的区别
take your time 意思是“不慌，还有时间”；take it easy 放松点；别紧张；
take it seriously 把...看的很严重
如：---Wait a moment please. I am getting changed.
----- ______. We still have two house to ge before the concert.
A take your time B take it easy C with please D You’er welcome
18 .none , no one, nobody, nothing 的区别
none：没有人或物，可跟 of
nobody=no one： 没有人，永远不跟 of
who问，答 no one；两 how 要用none；
what 用nothing； none 前提过要记清。
1.------_____ has a computer?
-------No one . A Who B Which C Whom D How many
2.---Please fetch me some chalk from the box.
---But _____ in the box , sir.
A. nothing B. none C. no one D.nobody
3.--May I have a glass of beer, please?
---Beer ? There is _____ left, but you can have some orange juice.
A. none B. no none C. nothing D. few
19.比较级用在否定句can't / couldn't + 比较级表示不可能更...意思最.... 。
----What do you think of the film?-----It can't be more interesting .
如：1..---Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?
---Thank you. __________.
A. It couldn’t be better. B. Of course you can
C. If you like D. It’s up to you
2.--- Excuse me, Tom?
---______________?
--- Can you tell me where is the nearest way to the railway station?
A. What for B. Yes C. why D. how
20. 对人口的提问要用：how large 或what 不能用how many 和 how much
----______ is the population of the city of Pingdingshan?
---- About 3,5000,000
A How large B How much C How big D How many
21.How is sb ? 对健康状况提问; What is sb?对职业提问; Who is sb?对人名、血统关系提问。
----How is your brother?
----He's fine /very well ./much better. Thanks.
22. 隐形过去时的答语：
---My uncle will be here to attend a meeting tomorrow.
---Oh, I _____ that he _____ today.
A thought; was coming B thought; could come
C think; will come D think; would come
23. 省略句
①to+ v( 原） 为了避免和上句 重复，to 不能省，动词省去.
---Would you like to go to the cinema ?--- Yes , I'd love to .
②to 后若 是be，切记不能省。
eg ----- Do you want to be a doctor?
------I want to be .
③when, unless, if, until,though, as, even if 等连词若引导的状语从句是被动语态时主语和be可省，只保留过去分词。
1.When asked about his discovery, Sir Alexander said: “One sometimes finds what one is not looking for.”
2.Don't do that until told to . 3.I don't go there unless invited
4.I don't want to speak to anybody unless spoken to.
5.The flower his friend gave him will die unless _____every day.
A.watered B. watering C.water D.to water
6.Every evening after dinner, if not____from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. A.tired B. tiring C being tired D.to be tired
7. Don’t to touch the equipment unless_____.
A.told B. telling C being told D.to be told
24：你觉得….怎样？三句式
How did /do you find….? = How did/ do you like …..?
= What did /do you think of …?
你觉得….怎样？如：
1.----What did /do you think of the film?---- It is very boring.
2.---How do you like your coffee?
---As it comes.(原味)
3.---How do you like your beef?
---_______. A Well- done B The stronger, the better
C It’s OK, thank you. D That’s enough.
答案是B. beef 这里是 肌肉，不是牛肉。
25．送客常用语：Nice having you here.
-- We really enjoy ourselves at the party. Thank you again. Mr White
-- Nice having you here. Just whenever you feel like.
二.几个重要的情态动词的用法
1 .should +have +过分= ought to + have+
过分，表示过去应该做却没有做，含有责备或埋怨的语气。
2 must+ have +过去分词, 表示过去一定。
3.can't /couldn't + have +过去分词, 表示过去不可能。
永远不用 mustn't+ have + done 和can +have + done
注意：can +have + done只能用在否定和疑问句，不能用于肯定句中。
4.needn't +have +过去分词, 表示过去不必做某事但已经做了某事。
5.could +have +过去分词, 表示过去本应该做某事但没有做某事。
6．may/ might+ have +过去分词, 表示过去或许。
(1).The flower died , you _______it.
A must have watered B ought to water C should have watered D must water.
(2). It_____ last night ,for the ground is all wet.
A must rain B should have rained C must have rained D could have rained .
(3). ---He failed in the exam.---Oh , he ______hard at his lessons.
A should study B ought to study C must have studied. D should have studied.
(4)-- My cat is really fat. --- You _____ have given her so much food.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. mightn’t D.couldn’t
7. need 与dare 当情态动词+v原型,当实义动词+ to do
1.He need go there = He needs to go there .= He needed to go there.
2.He doesn't need to go there.= He needn't go there.
3.He dare not go there = He doesn't dare to go there .
8.wouldn’t 表示过去不肯； 如：
The door __ open, no matter how hard I pushed it. (填wouldn’t)
【情态动词热点试题自测】
1.I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D.needn’t leave
2.–Write to me when you get home.
--________. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
3.Sorry,I’m late.I___have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will
4. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
5. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t ; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t ; must D. can’t ; shouldn’t
6. ---Shall I tell John about it?
--No, you ____. I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’tC. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
7. ---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course you _______. A. might B. will C. can D. should
8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ____ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
9. ----I climbed the tree and picked some apples.
---- Did you?It was dangerous!You ____have falled of the tree and hurt yourself.
A. might B. would C. should D. must
10. -- Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
----You _____ it in the wrong place.
A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put
11. — The room is so dirty. _____we clean it?
—Of course. A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
12. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will
13. –My Mp4 player isn’t in my bag.Where ____ I have put it?
A. should B. must C. can D. would
14. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ___ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D.couldn’t have spoken
15. Jack ___ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. cant’ have arrived D.needn’t have arrived
三 分词: 现在分词和过去分词
(1)分词的用法： 分词作定语 三种用法
名
+
to
be
done
将被
名
+
being
done
正被
名
+
done
已被
【考点专练 】
1.This is the school ____next year. A being built B built C to be built
2.This is the school_____now A being built B built Cto be built
3.This is the school ______last year. A being built B built C to be built
4.The question______ last night is important.
A．being discussed B discussed C．to be discussed D discussing
5.I want to read novels _____by Lu Xun .
A . writing B written C. to be written D. being written
6.He wants to buy a kind of TV set______ inJapan.
A. made B make C being made D to make
7.All the people _____yesterday were famous .
A. to invite B inviting C invited D to be invited
8. The cloth _____ of silk feels soft .
A .makes B making C to be made D made
9.The boy______ by the teacher is naughty
A. punished B to punish C will be punished D punishing
10. English is a language ______ widely in the world .
A. speaks B spoken C to be spoken D speaking
11.We are invited to a party _____ in our club next Friday.
A.being held B held C．to be held D holding
12. The play_____ next month aims mainy to reflect the local culture.
A.being produced B produced C．to be produced D producing
(2)分词作前置定语的五个常考点：
1 the fallen leaf 已经落下的树叶; the falling leaf 正在落的树叶
2 boiled water 开水; boiling water 正在沸腾的水
3 developed country 发达国家 ; developing country 发展中的国家
4 spoken/ written English英语口语/书面语;
English speaking country 说英语的国家
5 the lighted candle 点燃的蜡烛
(3)分词作状语可以和状语从句对换
总结1:当状语从句是同一主语,去掉引导词和第一个主语，若只有 be动词
be换成being 即可。
1.Because he was a boy , he couldn't go swimming alone
.=Being a boy , he couldn't go swimming alone.
2.As I'm your teacher, I should be strict with you .
=Being your teacher , I should be strict with you .
3.As he was ill , he didn't come to school .= Being ill, he didn't come to school .
总结2:当状语从句是同一主语,去掉引导词和第一个主语，主动语态时，把
词改为现在分词作状语。
1.When he ate fish,he often thought of you= Eating fish, he often thought of you .
2.When he saw the boy falling into the river, he jumped into it
= Seeing the boy falling into the river, he jumped into it .
3.When I heard the news,I burst into tears.= Hearing the news, I burst into tears.
总结3: 当状语从句是同一主语, 且状语从句是被动语态, 去掉引导词和
一个 主语,只保留过去分词作状语即可。
1.When water is heated , water can change into steam.
=Heated, water can change into steam.
2.When the city is seen from the hill, the city looks nice.
=Seen from the hill,the city looks nice.
3.When the earth is seen from the moon, the earth is like a plate.
= Seen from moon, the earth is like a plate.
4.When she is told again and again, she doesn't understand yet .
=Told again and again, she doesn't understand yet .
5.When the habit is once formed, the habit can't be changed.
= Once formed, the habit can't be changed .
(4) 分词做状语两特大重点
① 分词作状语,前后主语必须一致，若不一致用状语从句,不能用分词
1. Entering the room, _____________.
A. lettrer was lying on the ground . B. a letter was found on the ground .
C. he found a letter lying on the ground . D. a letter flew into the room .
2. Hearing the news, ____________.
A. tears came to her eyes . B. her eyes were filled with tears.
C. tears run down her face. D. she burst into tears.
3.______ on the Great Wall, a sense of pride came to our hearts.
A. Standing B. Having stood C. When we stood D. Stood
②永远用现在分词作状语
generally speaking一般来说; judging by / from (one's accent)从某人的口音判断,
time permitting, 时间允许的话;night falling,夜幕降临; considering that….考虑到
⑶永远用过去分词作状语
Given(考虑到) that she is a girl, she can't go there
Given(被给) more time ,we can do it better .
(5)分词作表语 " 人过物现”十大词：
1．surprising 令人惊奇的 surprised 感到惊奇的
2．exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的
3．interesting 令人感兴趣的 interested 感兴趣的
4．frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 感到害怕的
5．pleasing 令人高兴的 pleased 感到高兴的 6．Puzzling =confusing令人迷惑的 puzzled=confused 感到迷惑的
7．tiring 令人劳累的 tired 感到劳累的
8．boring 令人讨厌的 bored 感到厌烦的
9 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的
10. annoying 令人恼火的 annoyed 感到恼火的
(6) 巧记现在分词和过去分词口诀
区别 ed，ing;先看动词和主语，
主语主用ing；主语被，用ed ；
"人过物现” 要牢记。
1______the police ,the thief ran away.
A Seeing B Seen C.Having seen D. To see
2 ______ from the great wall, Beijing is wonderful.
A Seeing B Seen . C.Having seen D. To see
3 ______by the party, we live a rich life.
A Leading B Led. C. To led D. Having led
4 ______by the student , the teacher came in.
A Following B Followed. C. To follow D. Having followed
5 ______his students , the teacher came in.
A Following B Followed. C. To led D. Having led
6_______by his face, he must be ill .
A .Judging B Judged C. To judge D. Having judged
7._____ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
A .Given B Giving C. To give D. Having given
8._____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set upwind farms.
A .Encouraged B Encouraging C. To encourage D. Having encouraged
9._____ not to miss the flight at 5:20. the manager head for the airport in a hurry.
A . Reminding B Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded
10.____ twice, the man refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A . Bitten B Being bitten C. To be bitten D. Having bitten
四、定语从句十大用法
含有“的”主谓句， 就是定语从句，被定语从句修饰的词叫“先行词”翻译定语从句时先译“先行词”，后译定语从句。
定语从句六大用法：
一、当先行词是人时,用who(作主语或宾语)； whom(作宾语)；that(作主语或宾语)；whose(作定语)引导，切记引导词作主语不能省略,作宾语可以省略。
判断作主语，宾语，定语的技巧 。
The man____ I see is Tom . A who B whom C that D which
(2).填whose 的技巧：在先行词后面填上“的”时候，即填 whose
1.The boy whose parents died is Tom.= The boy the parents of whom died is Tom.
2.This is the girl whose pronunciation is the best in our class.
= This is the girl the pronunciation of whom is the best in our class.
二、当先行词是物的时候, 用that (主宾),which (主宾) 和 whose(作定语)
◆特大重点: what 永远不能引导定语从句
因为what= the thing which ; the thing 是先行词；which 是引导词，用what 引导定语从句时，the thing 和前面的先行词重复,所以what永远不能引导定语从句。 同样 that / which 作宾语可以省略, 作主语不可以省略。
如：This is the book______ I borrow.
A whom B that C which D what E /
同样： 在先行词后面填上“的”时候，即填 whose ;
先行词是物时whose + n = the +n + of which.
1.This is the house whose door is open.
2.The house ______open south is new. A who's windows.
B whose the windows. C the windows of whose D the windows of which.
三、当先行词是物时,that与which三大 区别：
1.当先行词是all, something, anything, everything, nothing 和 the one 时
用that ,不用which.
2.当先行词被 the very, the only, the last 序数词或最高级修饰that不用which.
3.当先行词既有人又有物时用that不用which.
4.who 排who; which 排which
1. This is all _____I want to say. A what B that C which D those .
2.Everything ______he borrowed is old . A what B that C whom D which.
3.This is the most beautiful place_______I have ever visited .
A that B which C what D whose
4.The teacher and the school ______ I remember are good.
A that B which C what D whose
5. As a driver, the first__ needs remembering is taking care.
A thing B that C what D /
6. Who is the person____ is talking to our headmaster?
A who B whom C that D which
四、当定语从句有介词时，介词可以放在 whom whose which 前，介词提前时，whom which不能省,介词不提前，whom which 可以省。切记 that, who介词不能提前。
1.This is the room which I lived in. =This is the room in which I lived .
2.This is the women whom I spoke to. =This is the women to whom I spoke .
3.The boy whom I say hello to is Tom.=The boy to whom I say hello is Tom.
4.The dog which I take care of is little . =The dog of which I take care is little.
5.This is the teacher_____
A who I spoke B whom I spoke C to who I spoke D I spoke to
6.The man ______ comes from Si chuan
A whom he talked B with whom he talked
C with that he talked D with who he talked
7.The man ______ is my teacher
A I say goodbye to B whom I say goodbye
C that I say goodbye D to who I say goodbye
五、特殊的定语从句引导词
当先行词是时间时，用 when(on which)引导定语从句。
July 1 is the day when the Party was founded.
当先行词是地点时，用 where (in which)引导定语从句。
This is the factory where I once worked three years ago.
当先行词是原因时，用 why (for which)引导定语从句。
The reason why he didn’t come was that he was badly ill.
当先行词是the way时，用 in which /that /x引导定语从句。
This is the way that he settles the problem.
当先行词是“物复”时，用 of which引导定语从句。译为：其中
He has many books , of which this one is of importance.
当先行词是“人复”时，用 of whom 引导定语从句。译为：其中
He has many friends, of whom Tom is his best friend.
当先行词是case/ situation// activity/ point/ stage时，用where/ in which。
当先行词是occasion时，用 when (on which)引导定语从句。
There is an occasion when students like to chat with teachers.
先行词是一段时间（from 1999to2005）/ for+一段时间时；用during which time
当先行词是until nine o’clock，用 by which time引导定语从句。
I didn’t go to bed until 12, by which time my wife had been asleep for 3 hours
★There was a time when… 曾经一度 There was a time when the boy played truant.(逃学)
六、非限制性定语从句（先行词与定语从句用逗号分开）
that永远不能引导的非限制性定语从句，which和 as 可以引导的非限制性定语从句，which只用句中，译为“这一点”as 放在句首或句中译为“正如”
1．He is late, which makes the teacher angry.
2．He killed my dog , which made me unhappy.
3．As is well known to us all, China is a developing country.
4．He was late, as was expected.
5.____is mentioned above, the number of the cattle here has been limited to 200.
A. It B. Which C. That D. As
特大重点：定语从句高考三句型
句型1:He is one of the boys who are ill / He is the only one of the boys who is ill.
句型2: Is this house ______ you visit. (the one (that))
Is this the house __________ you visit. (that / which / X)
Is this museum________ you work? (the one where)
Is this the museum ________you work? (where / in which)
句型3 all of whom = and all of them
all of which = and all of them
1.He has three sons,_____ are good.
A all of them B all of whom C and all of whom D all of which
2.He has three books, ______are good.
A all of them B all of whom C and all of whom D all of which
3.Is this school ______you visit? A the one B where C which D that
4. She brought with her three friends, none of _____ I had ever met before.
A. them B. who C. whom D. these
5.He has two daughters, _______is good.
A neither of them B both of them C neither of whom D both of whom
6.He has two books , ______ was lost.
A the newest of which B the newest of them
C the newer of which D the newer of them
7.Tom wrote a lot of novels , _____are popular.
A many of them B many of those C many o f which D many of that
定语从句 巧记法：
what 不能引定从； 介、逗、that 不同行；
先行不定序最修，要用that , which 丢；
as 首/中，which 只中间； 正如as 记心间。
历届高考英语选择题精选(定语从句)
1. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.
A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose
2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A.it B.which C.this D.that
3 .In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom
4. The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.
A.what B.which C.that D.it
5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. A.which B.where C.that D.when
6. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.
A.which price C.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose
7._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A.As B.It C.That D.Which
8. He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.
A.this B.which C.that D.same
9. On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.
A.whose B.of which C.which D.its
10. Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.
A.what B.which C.that D.when
11. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.
A.that B.where C.which D.there
12.The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. A.in which B.in that C.in whose D.whose
13. I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which
14. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think which is
15. He was very rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse. A.who B.whom C.what D.which
16. _____is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What
17.____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
18._____is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What
19. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%_____are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that
20.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
21.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of_____ hadn‘t been cleaned for a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which
22 This is Mr Smith, _____ I think has something interesting to tell you.
A.who B.whom C.what D.which
23.There is a mountain ,_____ the top is always covered with snow.
A.whose B.of which C.which D.its
五、时态和语态
高中考纲8种时态
一般现在时
主语+is/ am/ are,主语第三人称单数，谓语动词一定+-s
一般过去时
主语+动词的过去式
现在进行时
主语+is/ am/ are +doing
过去进行时
主语+was/ were +doing
现在完成时
主语+have/ has +过去分词
过去完成时
主语+had +过去分词
一般将来时
主语+will/ shall+动词原型
过去将来时
主语+would +动词原型
(1)一般现在时
①表示目前经常存在的动作或状态; 火车，飞机等按时间表出发一定用一般现在时。
eg 1.His father is a worker, and he works in YD company.
2.The train _____ at 11:05 according to the timetable.
A is leaving B leaves C has left D will leave
②表示真理永远用一般现在时。
My geography teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.
③as soon as, before, after, when, until, if 等词引导的状语从句用一般现在时，永远不用将来时。即“主将从现”
1.As soon as I ______ him , I'll tell him the news.
A will see B. see C. shall see D .am seeing
2 .Don't get off until the bus_____.
A stopped B stop C stops D will stop
3.My parents have promised to come to see me before I ___ Africa.
A left B leave C have left D will leave
但：if ,when 引导的宾语从句可以用一般将来时： 如:
1.I don’t know if he will come here, if he comes, please tell me.
2. I don’t know when he will come here, when he comes, please tell me.
(2).一般过去时：表示过去曾经或经常性的动作。
1 基本用法：常用: 一段时间+ ago; in 1980; last year;
just now =a moment ago after +一段时间= 一段时间+later;
a few days ago = the other day
如： He came here the other day.
2特殊用法 （隐形用法）
1．-----Hello!Tom ,I _____you_____here?
----- How long have you been here?
A don't know were B don't know; are C didn't know; are D. didn't know;were
2.----I have got to go now.
---- Must you? I ______ you could stay for dinner with us.
A thought B think C have thought D am thinking
3. Edward, you play so well. But I _____ you _____ the piano.
A don't know ; have played B don't know; play
C didn't know; play D. didn't know; played
特大重点：in + 一段时间 after + 时间点一定用一般将来时；
如：He will come back in three hours. He will be back after three o’clock.
(3)过去进行时
主语+ was /were + Ving表示过去某一时间点正在发生的动作。
1.When I got off, it was raining 2. He was reading at seven yesterday morning.
高考考点：be just doing只是在
be always doing =be forever doing 表示总是老是，表示责备或埋怨
1. He thinks I work here, but I am just helping until the new secretary comes.
2.----- Are you homesick?------No， I am just thinking of my girl friend.
3. He thought we looked at him, in fact, we were just staring at the sky.
4.----Don't eat it!---Oh , I am just tasting
5. My car_____ down when I need it.
A is always breaking B has always broken C always breaks D always broke
6. It is always raining on Sunday. 7. The teacher is always critizing me .
(4). 过去将来时
主+would +v 原形 =主+ was /were + going to do
1. .He says that he will come here → He said that he would come here.
2. The girl says she will leave for Tibet.→The girl said she would leave for Tibet.
(5) 现在完成时: 主+ have /has+ 过去分词
三大经典用法:
1 for+一段时间 2 since + 时间点 3 since + 主语+ 过去时
四个基本用法
1 in/ during/ over the past / last+一段时间, 要用现在完成时
2 recently =lately译为“最近”, 用现在完成时
3 It is the first time +主+现在完成时
4 by now = so far 到目前为止 since then = even since = since
如：1. He has lived here for three years. 2.He has lived here since 1990.
3. He has lived here since he was born.
4.In the past fifty years or so, scientists have found many "new"stars.
5.Have you heard from him recently? 6 .I have not seen him recently.
7 .It is the first/ second/ third… time he_____here .
A came B has come C had come D comes
8.It is the third time I have seen her .
重点题：---How is the weather in your hometown this summer？
---It ______ as little as it does for a long time.
A hasn’t rained B doesn’t rain C wasn’t raining D didn’t rain
本题考查现在完成时的用法， 时间状语now 和 for a long time 为明显提示。题干的意思是“很长时间都没有像现在下雨这么少了”
现在完成时一首诗：
现完用法共七条, since + 主+过去式莫忘掉；
since+时间点，for +时间段，高考试题年年见。
in/over the past + 一段时, recently 和几次；
by now = so far 莫忘记, 三种since记心里。
特大重点：注意两个易混句型：
1.In five years, they will work on the project.
2. In the five years’ time, they worked on the project.
In five years意思是：在五年之后，故用一般将来时；
in the five year’ time 意思是：在这五年内， 故用过去时。
(6).现在完成进行时
主 +have /has +been +doing 现在完成时与现在完成进行时区别：两者的时间状语一致，但现在完成时强调动作到目前已经完成，继续不继续无关紧要但现在完成进行时强调两点：
①动作一直在进行，②到目前已经完成并将继续进行下去。
1. Excuse me, Marca, a reporter from Vanity Fair, _____ all day. Could you speak to her now? A phones B has phoned C has been phoning D phoned
解释：Marca 一整天（all day）在不停地打电话，因此用现在进行完成时。
2.I have been teaching English for ten years.
3.Tom, I ______ for you for three hours.A have waited B have been waiting
4.He_______English programme on the radio since he was 10.
A has listened to B has been listening to C.are listening D.listen
5. ---I have got a headache.
--- No wonder. You ______ in front of that computer too long.
A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked
(7).过去完成时
主语+ had+ 过去分词，表示过去的过去
When I came to the station, the train had left.
三种类型 用法 特大重点：用过去完成时 必须有一个过去时作参照物， 过去完成时的动作发生在这个过去时之前 如：
When we reached hospital, the man had died.
① by the end of last…. ② by +过去时间点
③ by the time+主语+ 过去式 ; 主句+ had + 过去分词
1.By the end of last term ,he had learned1000 words.
2.By 1990,he had got away twice.
3.By the time he came here, the woman had left here.
两个延伸用法：
① it is the first time +主语+ have / has +过去分词
it was the first time +主语+ had +过去分词
② it is +一段时间+ since +主语+过去式
it was +一段时间 + since +主语+ had +过去分词
如1.It is three years since he married. 2.It was three years since he had married.
注意：it is +一段时间+ since +主语+过去式
巧记这个句型since 后面是延续， 否定翻译要牢记。
如：It is ten years since he smoked. 他十年就不抽烟了。
六、被动语态
（一）、英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态主语是动作的执行者，被动语态主语是动作的承受者。
主动语态转换为被动语态
主动句：They held an important meeting in the Meeting Room of the hotel。
被动句：An important meeting was held by them in the Meeting Room of the hotel
主语（由原来宾语变来）+be + 过去分词+by…… (原主语变为介词by的宾语)。（二）、巧记下列动词不用被动语态：
cost, disappear, consist of; hold , last , prove; add up to, belong to, happen/ take place/ occur, break out, come out . give out, run out. change into
巧记方法： 花费，消失和组成； 容纳，持续与证明；
总计，属于，三“发生”； 四个“out ”与变成。
（三）六大动词无被跟副（read, write,wash, sell, fit. dress,lock ,burn即：读、写、洗、卖、 适合、穿,锁住，燃烧记心间。）如
1.－What about the books? －Books of this kind ________ well.
A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold
2.The book reads well, and sells well.
3.The product will sell better if it is promoted with a slogan.
主动语态与被动语态构，成一览表：
语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
动词的动词原形
am/is/are + 过去分词
一般过去时
动词的过去时
was/were + 过去分词
现在进行时
am/is/are+ doing
am/is/are+ being+过去分词
过去进行时
was/were +doing
was /were+ being+过去分词
一般将来时
shall/will + 动词原形
shall/will +be+过去分词
过去将来时
should/would +动词原形
should/would+ be +过去分词
现在完成时
has/have+过去分词
has /have+ been+过去分词
过去完成时
had +过去分词
had +been +过去分词
情态动词
can/may/must +have +done
can/may/must +be +过去分词
【被动语态热点试题自测】
1. You _________ by a policeman if you drive that way.
A. are stopped B. will be stopped C. stopped D. will stop
2. Children _________ how to swim when they are seven years old.
A. is taught B. are taught C. is teaching D. teach
3.The building that ________ over there is the tallest one in the city.
A. is built B. building C. is being built D. is building
4. —_________the sports meet might be put off.
—Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. told
5. In some part of the world, tea _________ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
6. If water _________ , it can be turned into vapour.
A. heats B. will heat C. has been heated C. is heated
7. --- Hurry up, you _________ on the phone.
--- Oh, I’m coming. Thank you .
A. want B. are wanted C. are being wanted D. are wanting
8. The price of the tickets for the film is too high, so they ________.
A. sell badly B. sell quickly C. are sold badly D. sell fast
9. The police found that the house _______ and a lot of things ________.
A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into ;had been stolen
C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen
10. A lot of trees last night.
A were watered B. was watered C. are watered D. watered
11. English has been changing for centuries, and even now, new words and expressions _____ nearly every day.
A. are added B. are being added C. have added D. have been added
12 They _____ the computer problem, which in turn helped us get back online.
A. have solved B. had solved C. solve D. solved
13. The tree was lying across the road. It ________ down in the storm.
A. was being blown B. had been blown C. was blowing D. had blown
14. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
15．It is said that that book ____ into many foreign languages so far.
A. have been translated B. has been translated
C. was translated D. is translated
Keys:1—5:BBCAB 6—10:DBADA 11—15: BDBCB
【时态和语态热点试题自测】
1.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____ so rapidly.
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
2.The door_____. Better have it repaired.
A. isn’t shut B. won’t shut C.hasn’t been shut D. won’t be shut
3 Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
4. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I ____ my mum.
A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken
5 A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built
6. –You’ve left the light on.
--Oh, so I have___ and turn it off. A. I’ll go B.I’ve gone C.I goD. I’m going
7. The reporter said that the UFO ____ east to west when he saw it.
A. was travelling B. travelled C. had been travelling D. was to travel
8.–How are you today?
--Oh, I ____ as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
9.Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways.
A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned
10. –The cloth is of good quality, and _____ well.
--But the washing machine______ this morning
A. washes; wouldn’t start B. washes; wouldn’t be started
C. is washed; wouldn’t start D. is washed; wouldn’t be stared
11. The price ____, but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down
12. –Hey, look where you are going!
--Oh, I’m terribly sorry. ______.
A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice
14. –Nancy is not coming tonight.
--But she ______.
A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
15. Shirley ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
16. –Hi ! Tracy, you look tired.
--I am tired. I _____ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
17. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _____ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked
七、动词不定式： “to+动词原形” 叫不定式。
不定式的用法：
1作主语To learn English is very important.
注意：不定式作主语可以换成It作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式放在后面。
It is very important to learn English.
不定式作主语要注意一致性：
To see is to believe.= Seeing is believing.
To live is to struggle.= Living is struggling.
To teach is to learn = Teaching is learning.
To say is easier than to do. = Saying is easier than doing.
(不定式做主语和动名词区别：不定式表示具体动作，动名词表示习惯性动作)
Swimming is my favourite sport, but to swim in this pool is dangerous.
2.作宾语
下列动词后常跟不定式作宾语：
hope, wish, want, manage, refuse, decide, pretend, determine. promise, expect, agree, choose, ask, fail, offer, learn, discuss, plan, care, help等
如：He expects to manage to learn her promise, but he fails to see her.
巧记下列动词后跟不定式和动名词意义一样：
continue, begin/ start, love, like, prefer, hate “继续，开始，爱，憎分明”
特大重点：
1.主语+ want/ need/ + doing或to be done(意思是主语需要被做)
1．The radio needs to be fixed/ fixing. 2．His shoes wanted to be mended/ mending.
3．The patient needed/ wanted/ required/ desired to be looked after/ looking after
2.主语+ want/ need / require/ deserve+ to do 表示主动形式
1. He needs to look after the baby, and the baby needs to be looked /looking after.
下列9大词后跟to do与doing 意义不同：
try to do 企图/尽力去做… try doing 试着去做…
go on to do 接着干另一件事 go on doing 继续干同一件事
mean to do 打算干… mean doing 意味着…
stop to do 停下来去做… stop doing 停止做…
remember to do记住去做… remember doing 记得做过…
forget to do 忘记去做… forget doing 忘记做过…
regret to do 后悔要做… regret doing 后悔做过…
only to do 结果出乎意料… only doing 自然而然产生的结果
can’t help to do 不能帮助做 can’ t help doing 禁不住做…
1.He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
2.He lifted the stone, only to drop it onto his own feet..
3.. Have you ever changed an answer on a test, _____ out later that your first answer was the right one?
A. only to find B. finding C. have found D. to have found
3. 1)巧记不定式作宾语补足语不带to：
一“感”（feel） 二“听”（hear, listen to）,“看”有五（see, look at, watch, notice, observe）； let make 和 have
1.Don’t let him do heavy work.
2.I often hear her sing and see her dance in the next room.
3.He often made his little brother cry, but today he was made to cry by his little brother.
2) 不定式作宾语补足语带to的词组：
ask sb to do sth, tell sb to do sth, want sb to do sth, wish sb to do sth,
order sb to do sth, persuade sb to do sth, advise sb to do sth,
promise sb to do sth, allow sb to do sth, permit sb to do sth,
切记：不用 hope sb to do sth 和 agree sb to do sth
4.后跟it 作形式宾语的5个动词：
find/ feel/ make/ think/ consider + it + adj/ n + to do
巧记法：
find, feel 和 make 莫忘think, consider,它们后若跟it, 形/名、不定（式）紧跟着。
1.I find it important to learn English. 2.He feels it a duty to help others.
3.That made it necessary for him to make a living by earning money.
5 不定式作表语：
☆.happen to do 碰巧… seem to do/ appear to do
When I got off the bus, it happened to be raining.
☆.be + to do be to blame for be to let （出租） as if to do(似乎将做)
His wish is to become a teacher.
She is to see her mother off at the airport tomorrow.
6 不定式作状语：不定式只作目的状语，译为“为了，以便…”
He came here to see you.= He came here in order to see you.
= He came here so as to see you.
注意：so as to 不能放在句首，in order to 可以放在句首。
注意：不定式作状语时，放在句中时，前面一定不用逗号。若有逗号，要用-ing 分词作状语，表伴随。
He got on the bus to attend the meeting.= He got on the bus, attending the meeting.
He stood up, leaving the room silently.= He stood up to leave the room silently.
7.不定式作定语：不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词后面
He has a lot of work to do. I have many clothes to wash today.
注意: 不定式作定语， 若动词是不及物动词后一定要跟个合适的介词。
He finds a restaurant to eat in. =in which to eat
She has a little room to live in. =in which to live
He gives me a pen to write with. =with which to write
I have a piece of paper to write on. =on which to write
She wants one dollar to buy you a present with. =with which to buy you a present.
He offered her a bed to sleep on / in. =in which to sleep
I have raised a theory to base my thinking on . =on which to base my thinking.
8.不定式的复合结构：
下列句型是不定的复合结构的一个特大重点句型，请同学们务必要记住。
It is + adj/ n + for + object + to do/ It is + adj / n +of + object + to do
注意若形容词是表示人的性格特征时，用of 不用for.
表示人的性格特征的形容词常见的有：好心的（人）聪明有礼貌，残忍的（人）虽勇敢，但错误、愚蠢。即：kind/ good, clever/ smart/ wise, polite. cruel, brave, wrong, foolish/ stupid/ silly.
e.g. It is important for us to study English. It is foolish of him to believe her.
9.省略to的固定句式:
1)had better do= may/ might as well do 最好…
2)would rather do 但愿.
3)nothing but的句型:
nothing 前有do(did does doing done), but 后跟动词定无to
nothing 前无do(did does doing done), but 后跟动词定有to
如：1.He did nothing but sleep. 2. He ate nothing but to sleep.
3.The boy studied nothing but to play all day.
4）宁可…..决不……（三句型）
would rather do than do=prefer to do rather than do=prefer doing to doing
他宁愿死也决不投降。
He would rather die than give in.=He prefers to die rather than give in.
=He prefers dying to giving in.
Why not do? What he wants to do is (to)help you.
The only thing he can do is (to) comfort her.
反射不定式： 物+ adj + to do (无被，无宾 )；如：The box is too heavy to carry.
If the goods are cheap to buy but expensive to sell, you can make money.
八、宾语从句
作宾语的不是一个词，而是一个句子，叫宾语从句。
1 当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that 可以省略。
他说他是个医生。 He said (that) he was a doctor.
或用 He says (that )he is a doctor.
他说她明天将去北京。 He says (that) she wil l go to Beijing tomorrow.
老师说光比声音传播的快。
The teacher said( that) light travels faster than sound.
2 当宾语从句是疑问句时，仍用原来的疑问词引导，但一定要用陈述语序，前后时态一致。
他问我叫什么名字。 He asked what my name was.
你知道他们在等谁？ Do you know whom they are waiting for?
我想知道他什么时候将出发。 I wonder when he will set off.
3 当宾语从句含有“是否”时，用if 或 whether .
我不知道是否他明天将会来这里。
I don’t know if/ whether he will come tomorrow.
他问是否他通过了考试。 He asked if / whether he had passed the exam.
4.that 和what 引导的宾语从句的区别：
主、宾齐全用 that, 主宾不全用what.
I don’t know______ he wants to say. 填 what , 因为say后无宾语。
I don’t know _____ he wants to say the thing.填 that因为 say 后有宾语。
练习：填what 或that
1).He doesn’t know _______the camel looks like.
2).He gives me ________ she needs.
3).He gives me ________ she needs the thing.
4).Please tell me ______ you know.
5).Please tell me ______ you know the matter.
6).I don’t know ________ he wanted to say.
7).I couldn’t hear _____he said on the phone.
The keys: 1) what 2) what 3) that 4) what 5) that 6) what 7) what
【宾语从句热点试题自测】
1）He told me _____ he wanted to need. A. that B. what C. × D. which
2) I don’t know ______. A. how much does it cost. B. how much is it cost
C. how much it cost. D. how much it costed.
3) I wondered _______.
A. what is his name. B. what his name is
C. what his name was D. what was his name
4) She didn’t know ______he would be invited to the Party or not.
A. whether B. that C. what D.×
5) Can you tell me ______the railway station?
A. how I can get to. B. how can I get to
C. where I can get to D. where can I get to
6) Give it to _______you think can do the work well.
A. whoever B. who C .whomever D. whatever
7)It is considered unwise to give a child ________he or she wants.
A .however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
8)______in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive here next Monday.
A .He is said B. It has said C. It is said D. It says
9) Dr Black comes from New York or Chicago ,I can not remember ______.
A. which B. where C. that D. what
10. It is said _______ has been translated into Chinese.
A. that B. which C. that that D. that which
九、主谓一致
1.⑴ and连接两个或两个以上的名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
Tom and I are in the same class.
Air and water are very important to us.
⑵and的连接两个名词前有the ,后无the ,是指同一人;都有the 时指两个人
⑶and 连接两个名词若被each, no，或every 修饰时谓语动词用单数。
如：Every boy and every girl is good.
2. 主谓一致中的就近原则
◆当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
◆当either… or… 与neither… nor，not only…but also 连接两个主语时，及not...but , not, 连接的两个主语谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
He not you is to blame. Not you but he is to apologize to the teacher.
3就远原则：以as well as, together with , but/except, .
He as well as I is a professor.
The teacher with his students is coming here tomorrow.
All but Tom were here last night.
4.以the + adj, 表示一类人或the + 姓+s 表示…的一家人，谓语动词要用复数。
The poor/ rich/ living/ dead /old/ young/injured are there.
The Smiths are eating in the restaurant now.
5.表示金钱，距离，时间的复数作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
One hundred dollars is not enough.
Fifty miles is not a long way.
Ten thousand years is too long for us to wait.
6. the government, family, team, class等集合名词做主语时，若强调各个成员谓语动词用复数，若强调整体谓语动词用单数。
His family is a big one.
His family are watching TV now.
7.the number of 表示…的数目，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数，a number of= many加名词复数作主语时其谓语动词用复数。
The number of the students is 100 in this school.
A number of boys are playing football now.
8.分数或百分数作主语时谓语动词要和of 后的名词保持一致。
Five sixths of the books have been sold out in this store.
Three fourths of the water is polluted in this river.
70 percent of the women in China are not educated.
9.what引导的从句作主语时，其谓语动词跟后面的名词一致。
What he wants is time, and what she wants are books.
10.形单实复：即集合名词people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
The police are searching the robber.
works (著作)，maths, physics, politics, the United States, The United Nations.
如;The United States is made up of fifty states.
形复永复：The Olympic Games, goods, trousers, glasses, clothes.
单复同形：根据意义决定谓语动词。
means（方法）,deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese.
Every means has been tried, but they failed at last.
Many means have been tried, and they are successful.
11.定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词一致：
I, who am your teacher , should be strict with you.
12.六个不定代词作主语的主谓一致：
None of them is / are good. Either of them is good
Neither of them is good . Each of them is good.
All of them are good Both of them are good.
【热点试题自测】
1. The number of the teachers of our school _____ about one hundred, and two
thirds of them ____ women teachers.
A. is, is B. is, are C. are, is D. are, are
2 Neither you nor Li Hua to the Great Wall.
A. have gone B. has been C. have been D. has gone
3.Three years_____ a short time. You have to study hard.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
4.The mother with two children often______ to the town.
A. are going B. is going C. goes D. go
5.His family _____ a large one. The whole family_____ watching TV now.
A. is, is B. is, are C. are, is D. are, are
6.All the classmates excepTom_______ interested in dancing.
A. is B. are C .am D. be.
6Lily as well as her parents______ to the park every Sunday.
A. are going B. is going C. goes D. go
7. They each ______ an English-Chinese dictionary.
A. owns B. is C. has D. have
7.Each of them_____ an English-Chinese dictionary.
A. own B. is C. has D. have
8.He is one of the boys who___ ill, and she is the only one of the girls who____ ill today. A. is, is B. is, are C. are, is D. are, are
十、倒装：分全部倒装与部分倒装
㈠全部倒装：把整个谓语动词不经变形放在主语前面。以下七大副词/ 或介词短语放在句首，谓语动词要全部倒装。
here， there， up， down ， in ，out， away.
1.The boy came here. →Here came the boy.
2.The girl ran up . →Up ran the girl.
3.The thief ran away. →Away ran the thief.
4. The woman rushed in. → In rushed the woman.
全部倒装1不能
即使七大副词放在句首，若主语是人称代词不能倒装
Here you are. Here it is.
如：1 It is here→Here it is. 2.They are here→Here they are.
3. He went there→There he went.
㈡部分倒装 :
◆把动词,情态动词,助动词放在主语前. 部分倒装共五条:
(1)以only 修饰的副词,介词短语或状语从句放在句首, 谓语动词部分倒装
He knew me only then.→Only then did he know me.
He loves you only today.→Only today does he love you.
You can do it only in this way.→ Only in this way can you do it.
You are able to join the army only at the age of 18.
→Only at the age of 18 are you able to join the army.
◆只有only一词放句首,句子不倒装.
He eats well only.→Only he eats well.
(2) not only 与 not until放在句首倒装的区别.
Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend.
Not until he came back last night did his son go to bed.
He didn’t marry until he was 40.→Not until he was 40 did he marry.
He didn't go to bed until 12 o'clock.→ Not until 12 o'clock did he go to bed.
(3).Hardly .....when 与 no sooner .....than
hardly +had+ 主+ 过去分词 +when+主语 +动词过去式
no sooner +had+主+ 过去分词 +than+主语 +动词过去式
1. Hardly ______ when it began to rain.
A did he sit down B he sat down C had he sat down D he had sat down
3.No sooner had he gone out______ it began to rain.
A when B then C than D before
(4).neither, nor, hardly, never, seldom, few, little, at no time( 绝不)；
in no condition( 无条件), nowhere,
in/under no circumstances(无论如何决不);
by no means ( 绝不) 等否定词放在句首,谓语要部分倒装。
切记： in no time=at once 立刻；马上，所以放在句首不倒装如：
In no time he came to hospital.
He hardly eats anything.→ Hardly does he eat anything.
He never tells a lie.→Never does he tell a lie.
He seldom went there.→Seldom did he go there.
He has little money.→Little does he have money.
(5)四个句型的倒装
①so ...that....如此...以至于...句型中; so+形容词或副词放句首, 谓语动词要部分倒装. 如：
He was so excited that he couldn't go to sleep.→
So excited was he that he couldn't go to sleep .
②表示甲... 乙也... （分5种情况）
1.He likes you , so do I. 2. He doesn't like you , neither /nor doI .
3. If he likes you, so will /shall I. 4. If he doesn't like you, neither will /shall I .
5. He likes you but he doesn't like her, so it is with me.
③ as当意为虽然尽管倒装分四种情，although不倒装。
1.Although he is young , he knows a lot.→ Young as he is , he knows a lot.
2.Although he is a child, he knows a lot.→Child as he is , he knows a lot.
3. Although he tried , he failed.→Try as he might,he failed.
4.Though he loves her deeply, he hates her.→Deeply as he loves her, he hates her.
④ If 后若是were，had，should 时，if 可以省略，三词可以提前。
1.If I were you, I would go there. →Were I you, I would go there.
2.If he had eaten it , he would have died. →Had he eaten it, he would have died.
3.If it should snow tomorrow,we would play a snow game. →
Should it snow tomorrow, we would play a snow game.
十一、虚拟语气
一、真实条件句: 句形结构：if +主语+ 一般现在时，主语+ will +原形
1. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
2. If you help me, I will happy.
3. If he______here tomorrow, he will be invited.
A is coming B comes C will come D came
二、非真实条件句（虚拟语气）
IF分三种情况：
⑴表示与现在事实相反 : if +主 +过去式 (be用were ); 主句+would +原形
If I were you, I would go there, but I am not you.
If she were a boy , her mother would be glad.
(2)表示与过去相反：if+主语+ had +过去分词; 主句+ would+have +过去分词
1. I didn't know him. If I had known him, I would have rung him
2. He didn't come here yesterday. If he had come here, he would have been happy.
⑶表示与将来事实相反
i f +主语+过去式(be用 were）/ were to +v /should +v; 主句+ would +v原形
1.If I became a monk next life , I would go to SL temple.
=If I were to become a monk next life , I would go to SL temple.
=If I should become a monk next life , I would go to SL temple.
2. What would we do if the earth______turning ?
A would stop B should stop C had stopped D will stop
◆If 后若是were，had，should 时，if 可以省略，三词可以提前。
1.If I were you, I would go there. →Were I you, I would go there.
2.If he had eaten it,he would have died. →Had he eaten it, he would have died.
3.If it should snow tomorrow,we would play a snow game.
→Should it snow tomorrow, we would play a snow game.
◆混合虚拟语气经典一句型：
if +主 语 + had+过去分词; 主 语 + would + 动词原形+ now
前半句与过去相反，后半句与现在 相反
混合虚拟if 后面加过完, 主句 would 加动原，后面有now 是关键
1.If he ______last night early, he___________now.
A had been sent to hospital; would have been alive
B had been sent to hospital ; would be alive
C would be sent to hospital ; would be alive
D were to be sent to hospital; will be alive
2.If he ______ , he______ the exam now.
A had studied ; would pass B had studied; would have passed
C studied ; would pass D would studied ; would pass
◆as if = as though + 主语+ 过去式表示与现在相反
as if = as though +主语+过去完成时表示与过去相反
1. If you put a stick into water,it looks as if it _______broken .
A is B were C will be D had been
2.He lies there as if he _____a dog.
A is B were C will be D had been
◆含有but 的虚拟语气：
1.If he had bought the book, he would have lent you, but he _____it.
A don't buy B didn't buy C wouldn't buy D hadn't buy
2.If we saw her, we would tell you, but we don't see her .
3.-----If we had been on foot, we would have walked there.
--- Yes, the taxi______ necessary.
A wasn't B isn't C hadn't been D wouldn't be
注意：but 虚拟语气中后面只有两种时态：一般现在时与一般过去时。
4十大动词后跟的虚拟语气（巧记一二 三四）
即：一坚持（insist）
二命令（command order）
三要求（demand request require）
四建议（suggest recommend propose advise）
以这十大动词引导的宾语从句，用should +v 原形, should 可以省略。
1.He suggested we _______there. A will go B should go C went
2.I insist that he ______there. A goes B go C went D will go .
注意：suggest 当“暗示”, insist “当坚决认为”时, 后跟的宾语从句前后时态要一致，不用虚拟语气。
用虚拟语气三星句
☆① it is ( high / about)time +主语+过去式
☆② 主语+would rather +主语+过去式
☆③ if only +主语+过去式 译为“要是……该多好 ”
1.It is time you ______home. A go B went C will go D would go
2.I would rather he______ here. A will come B come C came D comes
3.If only he were careful!
4.----Did you see the film. ---- No. but I wish I_____.
A saw B see C had D did
5. He died, I wish he ______. A didn't die B hadn't died C wouldn't die
◆附： 虚拟语气的特大重点句型：
if it had not been for sth /sb; =But for sth /sb; 要不是…的话；
如：If it had not been for your help, I would not have succeeded.
十二、句子的种类
（一）反意疑问句：口诀：前肯后否，前否后肯。
---You are not from England, are you?
---No, I’m not.（yes, I am）
---你不是从英国来的是吗？-----是的，我不是。（不,我是）
如1.--- You didn’t go shopping yesterday, did you?
---____. But I have something more to buy.
A. No, I didn’t B. Yes, I didn’t. C.Yes, I did. D.No, I did.
2. ---You aren’t a teacher, are you?
---_____, but I was.
A. No, I am not B. Yes, I am not C.Yes, I am. D.No, I am.
反意疑问句
1、基本用法：前肯后否，前否后肯.
He is a boy, isn't he ? He isn't a boy, is he ?
2、典型用法共7 条
（1）以let's 开头用shall we; 以 let us 开头用will you?
祈使句的反意疑问句一律用will you?
★Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?
★Let us go swimming, will you?
★Get up, will you?
★Don't go there, will you?
★Tom, come here, will you?
★Tom, you come here, will you?
2）前有否定词never , seldom ,hardly, rarely, little , few 时，后用肯定.
He never tells a lie , does he ?
3）前含有否定前缀或后缀, 后仍要用否定.
e.g. That is unusual , isn't it? He dislikes me, doesn't he ?
4）含有must 的反意疑问句的三种情况
★must be 的情况 He must be a thief , isn't he ?
★must + have + 过去分词的两种情况
A: 后含有过去的时间状语，用didn’t＋主语？
He must have eaten it yesterday, didn't he ?
B: 后没有过去的时间状语用haven’t/hasn’t＋主语？
He must have eaten it, hasn't he ?
5）I don't think /suppose / believe / imagine / expect后面的宾语从句要遵循
“后一致性”的原则
★I don't think he can invite me , can he ?
★Oh, you are a teacher, are you? /Oh, you are not a teacher, aren’t you?
★So he must, must he? / So he mustn’t, mustn’t he?
注意：oh, 和so 开头的反意问句：即前肯后肯； 前否后否。
6）There used to be a meeting on Sunday, didn’t there?
【典型考题】
1. There will be a volleyball match in our school, ？
A. be there B. is there C. will there D. won’t there 答案是D。
经典题 It is the first time that he has been to Australia, _______?
A.isn’t he B. hasn’t he C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it 答案是C 。（二）感叹句
叹句巧计法：一分，二断，三加，四换
一分、 she is a good girl.
二断、 She / is /a good girl.
三加、 She is （what）a good girl.
四换、 What a good girl she is!=How good she is!
感叹句并不难，how, what用在前，主谓放后都不变，how ＋形、副是关键。
what 引导的感叹句:
what +a（n）+形容词+可数名词+主谓 What an honest man he is!
what+形容词+不可数名词+主谓 What fine weather it is!
what+形容词+复数名词+主谓 What big apples these are!
how引导的感叹句:
how+形容词+a（n）可数名词+主谓 How clever the boy is!
how+形容词或副词+主谓 How fast he runs!
小结1.：what 引导的感叹句的特大重点句型：
1.What a fine day it is today! → What fine weather it is today!
2.What a usual work of art （艺术作品是可数名次） it is!
→What usual work（工作不可数） it is!
3. What fun it is to jump into the river in summer!
4.____different life today is feom ____it was 20 years ago!
A what a; what B what; what C How; what D what a; how
5. What a long way it is from here to there!
6. What a great surprise / a pleasure / a disappointment it is!
7. What a good knowledge of English he has !
8 What a good experience it is to ride a camel in the desert !
9.What a good /wonderful time he had last night!
10.What a hard time he had doing the task last night!
小结2：易错10个重点句型：
1．---Who are those with banners?
---A group_____ itself the League for Peace.
A. called B. calling C. is called D being called
2.As is well known to all, he is a good boy.
3.It is well known to all that he is a good boy.
4.What is well known to all is that he is a good boy.
5.He spent as much time as he could going over his lessons.
6.He made another discovery, which I think is of great importance to man.
7.He can’t read or write. Who do you think he has write this letter?
8.Every minute is made full use of to work at our lessons.
9.The country life he is used to has changed greatly since the opening-up policy.
10. Whom would you rather have go there with you?
十三、高考强调句型四条
一．基本句型
It was/is + 被强调部分 +that +其他。
I saw Tom in the street this morning.
（1） （2） （3） （4）
①It was I who(that) saw Tom in the street this morning.
②It was Tom who(that) I saw in the street this morning.
③It was in the street that I saw Tom this morning.
④It was this morning that I saw Tom in the street.
二．含有疑问句的强调句型。
疑问词（when where why how what who which +was/is it that +陈述句）
1.______he was late?
A.Why was it B Why it was CWhy was it that D.Why it was that
2.I don’t know _______he was late.
A. why was it B.why it was C.why was it that D.why it was that
三．含有 not until, until 的强调句型。
It was not until 12 that he came back home drunk.( 短暂)
It was until 12 that he worked.（延续）
注意：含有not until 的强调句型不倒装。
例：It was until I came back__________.
A.when he came here B.that he left
C.that he began to work D.that he worked
巧记：that后面动延续not 一定要省去；that 后面动短暂not 一定要出现。
四、省略that强调句型
----Where did you see Tom? ----- It was in the room ______ he lived. 填where , 此处不能填that,
因为后面省略( that I saw Tom)
五、含有定语从句的强调句型：
It was / is +人+who…+ that+... ①It was Mr Smith who said in the book that interested us
It was +物+which+...+that+. ②It was the book which he had that improved his English
It was / is +地点+ where.+...+ that+...③it was in the room where he lived that he got married
It was / is +时间+ when +...+ that+... ④it was in 1979 when he came that he got married.
如：It was in 1979 when the war broke out that he had to join the army.
强调句型考题精选：
1．It was until last year that they______.
A.got married B worked on the farm C. began to work D.returned
2. It is the ability to do the job_____ matters not where you come from or what you are. A. one B. that C. what D. it .
3.It was not____ she took off her dark glasses____ I realized she was a famous film star. A.when ; that B. until; that C.until; what D. when; then
4.It was not until 1920___ regular radio broadcasts began.
A. while B. that C. what D. since.
5.It was about 600 years ___ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.(此句非强调句型) A.until B. that C. before D. when.
6.It was only when I reread his poems recently_____ I began to appreciate their beauty. A. until B. that C.then D. do .
7.Was it in 1969_____ the American astronaut succeeded _____ landing on the moon? A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D.that; in
8._____ was in 1979_____ I graduated from the university.
A. That; that B. It; that C. That; when D. It; when .
9.It was _____ he said______ disappointed me.
A.what; that B. that; what C. what; what D. that; that.
10.Was it because he was late ______ he was punished by the teacher?
A.why B. that C. for which D. so .
11.Was it during the Second World War_____ he died?
A.until B. that C. before D. when.
12.Was it in the cinema____ Mr. Black met you _____ you saw the film?
A.where ; that B. until; that Cthat; where D. when; then
13.It was _____ he came to Macao_____ he knew what kind of place it was.
A.when ; that B. not until; that C until; that; D. when; then
14.Was it ____ she said or something that he did _____ you were angry at so much? A.what ; that B.that; that C that; what D. what; what
15._____ she is not so healthy ____she used to be?
A.Was it why that ; that B. Is it why that; that
C Why is it that ; as D. Why is it that ; that
16.It was only that gold watch chain____ because it was the best present for Jim.
A.that Della wanted to buy B. Della did wanted to buy
C. did Della want to buy D. did Della wanted to buy
17. .It was only when I read history for a second time _____ to appreciate their beauty. A. did I began B.did I begin C.that I began D. had I begun.
18.It was only when the rain stopped that_____ again.
A. the match started B. did the match start
C.had the match started D. the match had started .
THE KEY: BBBBC BDBAB BABAC ACA
十四、高中部分动词不定式时态
to do
一般式
to be doing
进行式
to have done
完成式
to be done
被动式
1．不定式的时态的用法，翻译下列四句话：
他假装将去郑州。 He pretended to go to Zhengzhou.
他假装正去郑州。He pretended to be going to Zhengzhou.
他假装已去郑州。He pretended to have gone to Zhengzhou.
他假装被派郑州。He pretended to be sent to Zhengzhou.
2．不定式的时态的用法的记忆口诀：
接不动词后有将，直填to do 不用想；接不动词后有正，要填to be+doing;
如果动作已做完，要填 to+have done; 如果主语处被动，to be+done 定要用。
★动词不定式完成式的两种常见用法
表示愿望的动词expect, intend, wish, plan, want, mean, suppose的过去式以及would like/love与不定式的完成式连用，表示过去本打算…..但没有干，
例如：1.I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
2.I intended to have joined in your discussion, but I didn’t.
= I had intended to join in your discussion, but I didn’t
历年高考真题自测题：
1. Robert is said_____abroad， but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying
2.When the teacher came in,the naughty pretended________.
A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying
3. I would love ______to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to inish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.to be going D.having gone
4. He seemed______his promise.
A.to forget B.to have forgotten C.to be forgotten D.forgetting
5. Little Tom should love______to Beijing when he was a child.
A.to take B.to have taken C.to be taken D.taking
6. Bell is considered______the first telephone.
A.to invent B.to have invented C.to be invented D. inventing
7.Children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle______
A. to have heard B. to be heard C. hearing D. being heard
8. He is believed________in at his office on his way home.
A.dropping B.to have dropped C.having dropped D.to be dropped
9Lily’s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never________again.
A.to find B.to be found C.finding D.being found
10.I have nothing important on tonight. Do you have clothes ______to the laundry? A.to take B.to have taken C.to be taken D.taking
11.Tom pretended________it, but in fact, he knew it very well.
A.not listen to B.not to hear about
C.not to have heard about D not to be listening to
12. With many items she needed_______for her 50-birthday party,Mrs Brown went to the supermarket with a big basket.
A.to be bought B.bought C.to buy D.buying
13. ------Really nice________you.I’m going to miss you.
-----Don’t forget to give me a ring,will you?
A.knows B.to know C.to have known D.know
14. -----Why do you look so sad?-----There are so many problems_______.
A.remaining to settle B.remained settling C.remaining to be settled
15. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liuxiang, who was reported____ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.
A.break B.having broken C .breaking D. to have broken
KEY: ACBBC BBBBC CCCCD
十五、九种状语从句
1.时间状语从句引导词：
表示“一…就…”; （考纲共9个词组）即：
The moment = as soon as = directly= immediately = the minute = the instant =hardly…when =no sooner…than…= on/ upon doing something
2.条件状语从句引导词小结：
if / as long as / so long as (只要) /on condition that / once (一旦) /
provided (that )= providing (that )= suppose(that ) = supposing(that )= assuming(that )
如：Provided he was late , tell me about it .
As long as you study hard, you will succeed in time .
Suppose the train is put off, you may book a hotel to put up .
要注意的是条件句中的谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时。
3. 原因状语从句常用的连词有because,since,as和for.
because用why来回答，as“原因”都明白
since= now that 为“既然”，for前逗号只中间
（1）---Why are you late? ---Because I missed the bus.
（2）I soon went to sleep, for I was tired.
（3）Since= Now that you are going , I will go .
（4）As he was ill, he didn’t come to school.
（5）____ there was no plan for a media education class, the headmaster encouraged Tom to create his own.
A. Since B. Even though C. Although D. After
4.目的状语从句，常用in order that , so that , so…that , for fear that , in case 及 lest 连接从句。
此从句中带有情态动词 can , might 等提示为目的状语从句。
5.结果状语从句中，常用so … that ,such … that 或so that 连接。如：
She saw so much suffering that she knew she must help .
6.比较状语从句中，常用 as ( so ) … that 表示原级比较，用than 表示比较状语从句.
7.地点状语从句，常用where 或wherever来引导。where 引导的地点状语从句译为：“在…地方”。可放在句首或句中。
如：Put the book where it was .
请同学们背会下列句子：
Where there is a river, there is a city.
Where there is a will, there is a way .
We will go where the Party wants us to go.
8.让步状语从句，常用 though/ although= while; even though,even if , whether ，whoever , whatever 等来引导。.
9．方式状语从句，常用 as if , as though 来引导
如：He talked as if he had known everything .
强化训练
1.You will lose your chance of going to college_______ you study hard.
A unless B if C when D as soon as
2. ______I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.
A While B As C If D Since
3. She pretended ________nothing had happened.
A as B if C as though D as long as
4. They went on doing their experiment____they had failed many times.
A unless B until C though D as long as
5. The news was ___exciting ____many of us were moved to tears.
A such ; hat B as ; as C so ; as D so ; that
6. Remember to turn off the light ________you leave.
A after B while C when D unless
7. _________how hard I pushed , the door stayed closed.
A Even if B Since C Though D No matter
8. Dark ________it was , we continued our way.
A because B since C as D that
9. ______we made progress in our studies , we should not be proud .
A If B Because C So long as D Even if
10. Put the umbrella_______ you took it .
A when B as C after D where
11. _____I saw the photo , I remember who the person was.
A While B The moment C Until D Although
12. Pleasant ___ he makes it to travel, he has no time to do it.
A.as B. if C. although D. when
13.---Where did you get to know her?
---It was on the farm______ we worked.
A that B there C which D where
14._______books you read,______you will feel.
A The many, the happy B The more, the happier C The most, the happiest
15.No matter_______the conditions were like, we think that a car should be driven as fast as it could.
A what B how C which D when
16.Tim may come to see me.I don’t want to go out____he comes.
A so that B in case C as long as D now that
17.As we have planned, we’ll go to Beijing to attend her sister’s wedding party, we’ll visit our mother_____we go there.
A if B when C once D even if
18.----Will you give away our secret to enemies?
-----No,______forced to.
A if B unless C even if D though
19.________leaves the room last must lock the door.
A. Whoever B Who C No matter who D No matter what
20.Perhaps it will be a long time_____Tom comes back from Canada.
A before B when C if D since
21.-----Haven’t seen you for ages! Do you still work in Fuzhou?
-----_____.It’s years since I worked there.
A Yes, I have B Yes, I do C No, I haven’t D No, I don’t
22._________difficult the ask may be, we’ll do our best to complete it in time.
A No matter B No wonder C Though D However
23.____the weather was fine, I opened all the windows.
A Now that B Since that C Because of D For
(AACCD CDCDD BADBA ABDCC AADDD)
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