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高考英语语法要点专题复习19

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‎2013届高三英语语法要点精讲(配最新高考+模拟)‎ 专题19 形容词和副词 ‎【考纲解读】‎ 形容词和副词高考研究形容词是英语中较为复杂的一种词类,涉及的面比较广。同时形容词的形式变化灵活,如有原级、比较级和最高级等,而且用法比较复杂。预测今后高考中对于形容词的考查应注意以下几点:形容词的辨析,形容词的原级、比较级和最高级,以及一些特别重要的固定句型结构,同时要注意多个形容词修饰名词时的排列顺序等等。一般来说,‎ 副词是英语中比较复杂的一类词,它数量多、近义词多、用法复杂,而且副词的位置在句子中也是多变的。高考中对于副词的考查不是单纯地进行语法要点的考查,而是要通过具体的语境来进行分析和判断。预测今后高考对于副词的考查主要会出现在:副词的近义词的辨析;关于副词的原级、比较级和最高级的句型;同根不同形的副词;常考副词的辨析;比较级前的修饰语等等。‎ ‎【知识要点】‎ 形容词 一、形容词的作用与功能 形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等。1.作定语 形容词在句中的主要用途是作定语。 In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the states. 你在信中询问不同地区的时间问题。‎ ‎2.作表语 I’m fine,but tired.我身体很好,但很累。 注意:有些形容词通常作表语,常见的有well,ill(生病)以及a开头的部分形容词,如 afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake等。 Even when you are asleep you are using energy. 即使你睡着了,你仍然在消耗能量。 I hope you weren’t ill.You don’t look very well. 但愿你没病,不过你的脸色不太好。‎ ‎3.作主语补足语 The fish was caught alive.这条鱼是活抓的。 ‎4.作宾语补足语 Now you have to pull it to make the surface smooth like that. 现在你必须拉动它以使表面像这样的光滑。 ‎5.作状语 A woman was lying in bed,awake,listening to the rushing winds. 一位妇女正躺在床上,没睡,听着风声。 二、形容词的位置 ‎1.形容词作定语通常放在它所修饰的名词前面 an intelligent boy一个聪明的男孩 a pair of beautiful little riding boots一双漂亮的小马靴 ‎2.在下列情况下形容词要放在后面 ‎1)形容词作定语修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时需后置。 There is nobody absent today.今天没有人缺席。 I want to tell you something important. 我想告诉你一些重要的事情。 ‎2)以-able或-ible结尾的形容词可置于前面有最高级形容词或only等词的名词之后。 This is the best book available.这是最好的一本书。 That is the only solution possible. 那是惟一可行的解决办法。 ‎3)以前缀a-开头的某些形容词,如:alike,alive,afraid,awake,aware,asleep等,可置于only等词修饰的名词之后。 He was the only person awake at the moment.他是那时惟一醒着的人。 ‎4)和空间、时间单位合用时。 two months ago两个月以前 a ruler twelve inches long 12英寸长的尺子 ‎5)形容词enough一般需后置,但也可以前置。 I have money enough.我的钱够了。 ‎=I have enough money. 我有足够的钱。 ‎6)成对的形容词可以后置 There was a huge room simple and beautiful.有一个大房间,简朴而美观。 She has many pencils,blue and red. 她有许多铅笔,有蓝的,有红的。 ‎7)形容词短语一般需后置,往往相当于定语从句。 We need a place twice larger than this one. 我们需要一个两倍这么大的地方。 A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with.  一个如此难以取悦的人一定不好共事。(也可说so difficult a man to please...)‎ ‎3.某些形容词作前置定语和后置定语的区别 英语中有些形容词既可作前置定语,也可作后置定语,但意义不同。 常作后置定语的形容词有absent,concerned,elect,involved,present,proper,responsible等。‎ the absent professor心不在焉的教授 the professor absent没参会的教授 the responsible government可依赖的政府 the government responsible应负责的政府 ‎4.多个形容词作定语修饰一个名词时的排列顺序 如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多,则音节少的形容词在前,音节多的在后。如:a small wonderful gift。 有一个顺口溜形象地描述了常用的顺序: ‎“县官行令宴国材” 相关记忆链:县官发布命令,表扬国家栋梁之材。 县官,谐音:限定词all,any,one等及冠词。 行,谐音:形状、大小、长短、高低、方圆。 令,谐音:年龄、新旧、年老、年轻,old,yong,new等。 宴,谐音:颜色,red,yellow,green等。 国:某国家的,国籍的。 材:材料,wooden,iron,feather等。 限定词(these,those...)+数量形容词(three)+描绘性形容词(beautiful+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large,long,high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wooden)+用途(writing)+被修饰名词(desk)。 记住以上规则是必要的,但还应多阅读,多体会,增强语感是关键。如: All these last few days最近的这些日子。 Some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花。 三、复合形容词 ‎1.数词+名词(单数) oncchild独生子女的  three-hour三小时的 ‎2.数词+名词(单数)+形容词 three-year-old三周岁的 six-inch-tall六英寸高的 ‎800-meter-long八百米长的 ‎3.数词+名词+ed One-handed一只手的 ten-storeyed十层的 two-footed四足的 three-legged三条腿的 ‎4.形容词+(普通)名词 full-time全日制的 second-hand经营旧货的 first-rate第一流的 high-class高级的 mid-term期中的 ‎5.形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted好心的 cold-blooded无情的、冷血的 noble-minded高尚的 warm-hearted热情的 ‎6.形容词(副词)+现在分词 ugly-looking难看的 common-looking相貌一般的 hard-working勤劳的 easy-going随和的 ever-lasting永恒的 slow-firing慢射的 ‎7.形容词(副词)+过去分词 new-born新生的 well-dressed衣冠楚楚的 ready-made现成的 well-known著名的 deep-set深陷的 near-sighted近视的 ‎8.形容词(副词)+形容词 dark-red深红色的 light-blue浅蓝色的 all-round全面的 wide-awake完全清醒的 ‎9.名词+现在分词 life-saving救生的mouth-watering令人垂涎的 ocean-going远洋的 peace-loving爱好和平的 English-speaking讲英语的 world-shaking震撼世界的 ‎10.名词+过去分词 hand-made手工制的 heart-broken令人心碎的 ‎11.名词+形容词 ice-cold冰冷的 life-long终生的 world-famous世界著名的 snow-white雪白的 ‎ heart-long终生的 ‎12.名词+(普通)名词 X-ray X光的 English-language英语 副词 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构。 一、副词的类别 ‎1.时间副词 now,then, today,tomorrow,ago,lately,soon,immediately,often,usually,early ‎2.地点副词 outside,upstairs,anywhere,up,forward,here,there,away,in ‎ back,off ‎3.方式副词 simply,quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,again,once,easily,together ‎4.程度副词 very,quite,rather,extremely,completely,widely,partly,perfectly,badly,too ‎5.疑问副词 when,where,why,how ‎6.关系副词 when,where,why ‎7.连接副词 when,where,why,how ‎8.其他 surely,certainly,really,however,therefore,perhaps,moreover,yes,no 二、副词的句法功能 副词修饰动词、形容词或副词,说明动作或状态的特征。 ‎1.作状语 He worked hard all his life. (修饰动词)他一辈子工作卖力。 He plays tennis very badly (修饰副词)他网球打得相当糟糕。‎ ‎2.作表语 Sorry,Mr.Smith isn’t in.He is out. 抱歉,史密斯先生不在,他出去了。‎ ‎3.作定语(通常后置) On our way home,we saw a traffic accident. 在我们回家的路上,我们目睹了一起交通事故。‎ ‎4.作宾语补足语 I saw you out with Mr.White yesterday morning. 昨天早上我看到你和史密斯先生出去了。 三、副词的位置 ‎1.副词修饰形容词、副词时,应放在被修饰成分之前,但enough必须位于被修饰的词之后。如:‎ This book is quite interesting. 这本书相当有趣。 The boy is old enough to go to school. 这孩子足够大可以上学了。‎ ‎2.频度副词(always,often,usually,never,seldom,hardly,sometimes等)要放在实义动词之前,be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。 ‎ Children often go to the park with their parents on Sundays. 在星期天孩子们经常随父母一块去逛公园。‎ ‎3.地点副词、时间副词、方式副词常位于句末。 I remember seeing you somewhere.我记得在什么地方见过你。‎ ‎4.同时出现几个副词的排列顺序:方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。 Mr.Brown drove his car quickly outside then.布朗先生开着他的车飞快地出去了。‎ ‎5.修饰全句的副词多置于句首。 ‎ Fortunately,he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA men.‎ ‎ 幸运的是,他没有被淹死,而是被解放军给救了。 四、兼有两种形式的副词 ‎1.close与closely close意思是“近”;closely 意思是“仔细地” He is sitting close to me.他坐得离我很近。 Watch him closely.仔细盯着他。‎ ‎2.late 与lately late意思是“晚”;lately 意思是“最近” You have come too late.你来晚了。 What have you been doing lately?最近在忙些什么?‎ ‎3.deep与deeply deep意思是“深”,表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,“深深地”。 He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深地插到地里。 Even father was deeply moved by the film.甚至父亲也被这部电影深深的打动了。‎ ‎4.high与highly high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much。‎ The plane was flying high.飞机正飞得高。 I think highly of your opinion.我对你的观点给以高度评价。‎ ‎5.wide与widely wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是“广泛地,在许多地方”。 He opened the door wide.他把门开大。 English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。‎ ‎6.free与freely free的意思是“免费”;freely 的意思是“无限制地”。 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. 无论什么时候,只要你喜欢,就可以在我的饭馆里免费吃饭。 You may speak freely;say what you like.你可以畅所欲言,喜欢说什么就说什么。 形容词与副词的比较级与最高级 一、构成 大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 ‎1.规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。 构成法   原级   比较级  最高级 一般单音节词tall(高的) taller tallest 末尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater  greatest 以不发音的e结尾 nice(好的)   nicer  nicest 的单音词和少数  large(大的)larger  largest 以- le结尾的双 able(有能力的)ablerablest 音节词只加-r,-st 以一个辅音字母 big(大的)   bigger   biggest 结尾的闭音节单 hot(热的)   hotter   hottest 音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est ‎“以辅音字母+y” easy(容易的) easier  easiest 结尾的双音节词,busy(忙的)  busier  busiest 改y为i,再加-er,-est 少数以-er,-ow clever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest 结尾的双音节词 narrow(窄的)  narrower narrowest 末尾加-er,-est 其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。‎ important(重要的) more important most important easily(容易地) more easily most easily ‎2.不规则变化 原级    比较级 最高级 good(好的) better best well(健康的)‎ bad (坏的)/ worse worst ill(有病的) ‎ old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest much/many(多的) more most little(少的) less least far (远的)    farther/further  farthest/furthest 二、比较级的用法 ‎1.双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”的结构表示。如 This pen is better than that one.‎ ‎2.表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。如: This room is less beautiful than that one.‎ ‎3.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语:even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far等修饰。如: He works even harder than before. 注意:英语的比较级前如无even,still,或yet 等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出,一般不可用“更”,如: She is better than she was yesterday.她比昨天好些了。 Please come earlier tomorrow.请明天早点来。 注意:by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如放在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。如: He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two ‎ brothers. 他比他弟弟高得多。‎ ‎4.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the+比较级(主语+谓语),the+比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构。如: The harder he works,the happier he feels.他工作越努力,越高兴。‎ ‎5.不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用 “比较级+and+比较级”的结构。如: ‎ The girl becomes more and more beautiful.这女孩变得越来越漂亮了。‎ ‎6.某些以or结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。(这些词有inferior,superior,junior,senior,prior等。如: He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics.他在数学方面要比王先生强。‎ ‎7.在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人,也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。如: A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood. 铁制的盒子比木制的盒子要结识。‎ ‎ 8.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型: ‎1)A is three (four,etc.)times the size (height,length,width,etc)of B.如: The new building is four times the size (the height)of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。 ‎(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍])。 ‎2)A is three (four,etc.)times as big (high,long,wide,etc.)as B.如: Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。 ‎(亚洲比欧洲大三倍。) ‎3)A is three (four,etc.)times bigger (higher,longer,wider,etc.)than B.如: Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大。) 用 times 表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可以用 twice 或 double。 三、最高级的用法 ‎1.三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如: Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.张华在他们三个中最高。 ‎2.最高级可被序数词以及much,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,not really,nothing like等词语所修饰。如: This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest.这帽子大得多。 ‎3.表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent,extreme,perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。 ‎4.形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略。如: He is the tallest (boy)in his class.他是班里最高的(男生)。 ‎5.作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如: Of all the boys he came (the)earliest.在所有的孩子中,他来得最早。 如果复数名词前有many,few,不可数名词前有much,little等表示量的形容词时,该用so而不用such。如: I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over. 我摔了那么多跤,以致于摔得鼻青脸肿的。 但little不表示数量而表示“小”时,仍用such。如: They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves. 他们是那么小的孩子以至于他们不能自己打扫房子。‎ ‎6.almost与nearly ‎(1)两者都可以修饰 all,every,always等词,都可以用于否定句中。 ‎(2)在very,pretty,not后用nearly,不用almost。如: I’m not nearly ready.我还没准备好。 ‎(3)在any,no,none,never前用almost,不用nearly。如: I almost never see her.我几乎从来没见过她。 ‎【考点诠释】‎ 考点1 形谷词、副词的比较等级 ‎1.形容词或副词的as…as结构 两者相比,当A=B时,用“as+面/adv.原级+as”来表示。如:‎ Jack runs as fast as Tom.杰克和汤姆跑得一样快。‎ 双方相比,当A≠B,或指A的程度较低时,用“not as/so+adj./adv.原级+as”表示。如:‎ He does not work as/so hard as his sister.他不如他妹妹学习努力。‎ ‎2.形容词或副词的比较级+than 、‎ 当双方比较,A>B时,用“比较级+than”结构。当A不及B的程度时,用“less+adj./adv.原级+than”的结构。如:‎ ‎①Blood is thicker than water.[谚]血浓于水。‎ ‎②Health is better than wealth.[谚]健康胜过财富。‎ ‎3.表示双方相比,一方超过另一方,并强调超出的程度和数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如:even,much,very much,still,any,a lot,a bit,a little,far,yet,by far,a great deal,twice,three times,rather,slightly等,而very,quite,SO,fairly等词不可修饰形容词或副词的比较级 A car runs a great deal faster than a truck.小汽车比卡车快得多。‎ ‎4.“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构表示“越……越……”‎ The more tickets you sell,the more money you will get.你卖的票越多,你得到的钱就会越多。‎ ‎5.当三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用最高级这种句式中一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语;最高级可被序数词以及much,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,not really,nothing like等修饰。如:‎ The building being built now is by far the highest in the city.目前在建的那座大楼是本市最高的大楼。‎ ‎6.比较级表示最高级含义 ‎(1)比较级+than any other+可数名词单数。如:‎ The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.在中国,长江比其他任何一条河流都长。‎ ‎(2)比较级+than all(the)other+可数名词复数。如:‎ China is larger than all the other Asian countries.中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。‎ ‎(3)no/never/nothing…+比较级。如:‎ Nothing is more valuable than time.时间比任何东西都珍贵。‎ ‎(4)“否定词+不定冠词+形容词的比较级+名词”或“否定词+副词的比较级”表示“从未……;未曾……”。如:‎ This film is very moving.I have never seen a better one.这部电影很感人,我从没有看过一部比它更好的。‎ 考点2、 形容词修饰名词的位置 ‎1.多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序 如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词,与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词,如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多,则音节少的形容词在前,音节多的在后。它们的顺序是:限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)+数词(序数词,基数词)+描绘性形容词(nice,good,interesting,beautiful…)+特征形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)+颜色形容词+国籍、出处+物质、材料+用途、类别+中心名词。我们可以用下面的一段顺El溜帮助 记忆:‎ 限数描、大长高,形状年龄和新老。‎ 颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。‎ 在实际运用中,很少会同时出现这么多修饰词,但我们必须记住以上规则,此外,还应当多阅读,多体会,以增强语感。如:‎ another three English books另外三本英语书;a beautiful white Chinese military jeep一辆漂亮的白色中国军用吉普车 ‎2.形容词作定语后置的几种情况 ‎(1)当形容词修饰由some,any,IlO,every构成的复合词,如something,anything,nothing等时。如:‎ Is there anything new in today’S newspaper?今天的报纸上有什么新的东西吗?‎ ‎(2)当“形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。如:‎ There is a bag full of rice on his table.他的桌上有满满一袋米。‎ ‎(3)当两个意义相反的形容词用both…and…,and,or或so连接在一起作定语时。如:‎ People in the village,young and old,men and women are fond of singing and dancing.村里的男女老幼都喜爱唱歌跳舞。‎ ‎(4)当old,long,high,wide,deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。如:‎ The peasants dug a well about fifty metres deep.农民们挖了一口约五十米深的井。‎ ‎(5)有些表语形容词作定语时,如afraid,alone,awake,asleep,alive,ashamed,worth等。如:‎ Tom was the only boy awake at that time.汤姆是那时唯一醒着的男孩。‎ 考点3 形容词、副词的辨析 ‎1.形容词主要用来修饰名词,也可修饰something,nothing等不定代词,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。作状语时表示伴随、原因等,或是对主语进行解释,可以看成是“being+形容词”,位于句首、句中或句尾,表示伴随时通常用逗号与其他成分隔开 ‎①He lay in bed,wide awake.他躺在床上,完全清醒着。‎ ‎②He went to bed,cold and hungry.他上床睡觉,又冷又饿。‎ ‎2.副词主要用作状语,修饰动词、形容词、从句或整个句子。修饰整个句子时,可置于句首、句中或句尾 Fortunately,he escaped from the ‎ fire.他幸运地从大火中逃了出来。‎ ‎3.有些副词有两种形式,其中一种形式与形容词形式相同,另一种是在形容词后加ly。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所不同:不带ly的副词往往表示的是具体概念(也就是词的本义);加ly的往往表示抽象概念(也就是词的引申义)。close接近(指距离)_closely仔细地,密切地;free免费_freely自由地,自如地;deep深地_deeply深刻地,深入地;wide充分(张开)地,宽阔地_+widely广泛地;high高地_highly高度地,非常;late迟,晚一lately最近,近来;near邻近地_nearly几乎;most最一mosdy主要地。如:‎ He jumped that high in the sports meeting in our school and is highly thought of by his classmates.他在我们学校运动会上跳得那么高,赢得了同学们的高度赞扬。‎ 特别提示 一般说来,形容词+ly构成的是副词,如:deeply,highly,widely等;名词+ly构成的是形容词或名词,如:friendly,brotherly,lovely,weekly,monthly等。‎ ‎4.rather,very,quite,fairly的区别 ‎(1)rather常用来修饰贬义的形容词或副词,如bad,poor,badly等;faifly常用来修饰褒义的形容词或副词,如nice,well,clever等。如:‎ She is fairly clever,but does rather badly in her ‎ lessons.她很聪明,但她的功课做得相当差。‎ ‎(2)如果修饰中性的形容词或副词,如easy,fast,thin等,fairly表示肯定的概念,即说话人的态度是赞美的、满意的;而rather表示否定的概念,即说话人是不满意的。如:‎ ‎①I’lle soup is fairly hot.这汤还算热。(表示喜欢热汤)‎ ‎②)The soup is rather hot.这汤太烫了。(表示讨厌太烫的汤)‎ 特别提示 rather可用在similar,different,too,介词like,以及形容词、副词的比较级之前,也可修饰动词,而fairly,quite则不能,但可以说quite better。如:‎ 今天比昨天暖和得多。‎ ‎【误】It is fairly warmer today than yesterday.‎ ‎【正】It is rather warmer today than yesterday.‎ ‎(3)quite表示的程度比fairly深,表示主观看法,可理解为“十分”。如:‎ The news is quite amazing.这个消息十分惊人。‎ ‎(4)fairly只能用在不定冠词之后;而quite和rather用于不定冠词前、后皆可。如:‎ This is a fairly heavy/rather a heavy/a rather heavy/a quite heavy/quite a heavy job for US.对我们来说,这是一项相当繁重的工作。‎ 另外,rather有时与褒义词尤其是表示“好”‎ 的词连用时,强调被修饰词的程度,可与fairly,quite互换。如:Your English is rather/fairly/quite good.你的英语相当好。‎ 高考经常考查形容词的辨析和副词的辨析,所以我们在学习中要注意近义词的用法差异。以下是常见的几组近义词:alone,lonely;living,alive,live,lively;likely,possible,probable;no more than,not more than;no less than,not less than;too much,much too;no longer,no more;almost,nearly。‎ ‎【试题放送】‎ ‎【2012湖南】24. Bicycling is good exercise; ____, it does not pollute the air. ‎ ‎ A. nevertheless B. besides C. otherwise D. therefore ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】本题考察副词含义辨析。www.zxxk.com ‎【解析】根据句意:“骑自行车是一种很好的运动方式,而且又不会造成大气污染”故选B(besides而且,加之,除此以外)。词汇 副词besides ‎ ‎【2012辽宁卷】22. We used to see each other , but I haven’t head from him since last year. ‎ A. especially B. regularly C. particularly D. approximately ‎【考点】副词词义辨析 ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】A项意为“尤其;特别”;B项意为“定期地,经常地”;C项意为“特别,尤其”;D项意为“近似地,大约”。根据句意“我们原来经常见面,但从去年我就没再收到过他的信”。‎ ‎【2012四川卷】7. The hotel is almost finished, but it _____ needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.‎ A. only B. also C. even D. still ‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎ ‎【考点】本题考查副词用法 ‎【解析】根据句意“这个旅馆差不多竣工了,但仍还要一两周才可以接待客人。”选still(仍然,还)。‎ ‎【2012北京卷】28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _____.‎ A. some B. less C. much D. more ‎【答案】D ‎【考点】形容词考点。比较级,根据句意即刻判断。‎ ‎【2012全国新课程】29. This restaurant wasn't that other restaurant we went to.‎ ‎ A. half as good as B. as half good as ‎ C. as good as half D. good as half as ‎ ‎【答案】A 【解析】在as…as…句型中,倍数放在第一个as的前面,故A正确。句意:这家饭店不及我们去过另一家的一半好。‎ ‎【考点】考查形容词同等比较句型。‎ ‎【2012全国新课程】26. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much _______.‎ A. the best B. best C. better D. the better ‎ ‎【答案】D 【解析】此处so much修饰名词,所以用the better的形式。句意:这结果对我们来说不很重要,但如果我们真的赢了,那就太好了。‎ ‎【考点】考查形容词、副词的比较等级的用法。‎ ‎【2012山东卷】33. Be _______ — you can’t expect me to finish all this work in so little time. A. reasonable B. confident ‎ C. creative D. grateful ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】此处confident信心;creative有创造力的;grateful感激的;reasonable有道理的。句意:要讲道理,你不能指望我在如此短的时间里完成所有的工作。‎ ‎【考点】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。‎ ‎【模拟试题】‎ ‎1. 【2012辽宁普通高中学业水平考试前测】He is _______ careless that whatever you say to him goes in at one ear and out at the other.‎ ‎ A. so B. very C. such D. too ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查句式结构。 “so + 形容词+ that”为固定用法。句意为:他太粗心了,以至于你无论和他说什么,他都是一只耳朵进,另一只耳朵出。‎ ‎2. 【2012唐山期末】Samuel can't help having a big nose —it is ___ of him to be curious about others' affairs.‎ ‎ A.typical B.constant C.considerate D.unique ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查形容词辨析。It is typical of sb to do sth.做某事是某人的风格。句意为:Samuel总是爱管闲事---对别人的事情好奇是他的风格。‎ ‎3. 【2012江苏南通期末调研】The traffic problems have severely affected economic development. ________ we must spare no efforts to solve them.‎ A. Furthermore        B. Therefore                 ‎ C. Meanwhile        D. Nevertheless ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】 考查副词辨析。Therefore “因此”,表转折。交通问题已经严重影响了经济的发展,因此,我们应该不遗余力的来解决这个问题。Furthermore   “ 此外,而且” , 表递进;Meanwhile  “同时,其间”;‎ ‎ Nevertheless“然而,不过”,表转折。‎ ‎4. 【2012烟台期末】We'll get in touch with you as soon as tickets become .‎ A.present B.precious C.available D.convenient ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词辨析。available“可以利用的,可以买到的”。句意为:一有票卖,我们就将联系你们。present 现在的;precious宝贵的,珍贵的;convenient方便的。‎ ‎5. 【2012潍坊高三期末】 I’m about what I say because careless remarks are likely to hurt others’ feelings.‎ ‎ A.enthusiastic B. curious C.doubtful D. cautious ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查形容词。 be cautious about 意思是:对……小心谨慎;谨慎于……。句意为: 我对你所说的话很很谨慎,因为大意的评论很可能会伤害别人的感情。‎ ‎6. 【2012潍坊高三期末】–In early autumn Steve applied for admission to college. He wanted to go but to Cornell‎ ‎University.‎ ‎-Oh,why not Harvard?‎ A. anywhere B. somewhere ‎ ‎ C.everywhere D. nowhere ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】考查副词辨析。nowhere but …意思是:除了……哪里也不。‎ ‎7.【2012江苏南通高三期末调研】 With the advances of technology, plastics have taken the place of many ________ materials.‎ A. conventional    B. optional                   ‎ C. artificial            D. potential ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查形容词辨析。conventional  传统的、常见的。句意为:随着科学的进步,塑料产品已经代替了传统的材料。optional      可选择的、随意的;artificial  人造的,仿造的; potential潜在的,可能的。‎ ‎8. 【原创】Be careful that a good name of a product doesn’t ______ mean good quality of it.‎ ‎ A. alternatively B. approximately C. obviously D. necessarily ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查副词辨析。句意:当心名字好听的产品并不一定质量好。alternatively“可选择地”; approximately“大约”;obviously“显然地”;necessarily“必然地”。根据句意选D项。‎ ‎9. 【2011甘肃兰州一中上学期期中】They were pretty poor but most of their friends were even _________.‎ A.richerB.badly off C.worse off D.well off ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查形容词及短语辨析。句意:他们相当穷,但是他们朋友中的大多数的境况甚至更差。由语境可知C项正确。‎ ‎10.【2012浙江温高三期末八校联考】As a typist, the most important aspect of the job is to be able to type quickly and _____.‎ A. faithfully B. actually C. roughly D. accurately ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查副词。accurately 精确地。作为一名打字员,这项工作最重要的一个方面就是快速、精确地打字。faithfully 忠诚地; actually 实际上,事实上; roughly粗糙地。‎ ‎11. 【2012贵州五校一次联考】________ left before the deadline , it seems _______ that we will finish the task on time.‎ ‎ A. Because so much time; likely ‎ B. As so many times; possible ‎ C. Though a lot of time; possible ‎ D. With a lot of time; likely ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】考查句式结构。该句中seem是一个系动词,在表可能的形容词中只有likely可以用语it is likely ‎ that结构,故排除B和C,时间是被留下的,A中使用的是原因状语从句,但是缺少了系动词 。‎ ‎12. 【2012泰安高三年级考试英语模块】A___________ identification card is required when you purchase foreign money from the Bank of China.‎ A.valid B.perfect C.beneficial D.flexible ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当你从中国银行购买外汇时,需要有效身份证。perfect “完美的”;beneficial“有益的;和 flexible“灵活的”均不符合句意;valid “有效的”符合句意。‎ ‎13. 【2012·金华十校期末】Our manager, who is particular about everything, will not accept your design unless it is truly .‎ ‎ A.mysterious B.considerate C.curious D.novel ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词辨析。novel 新颖的。句意为:我们的经理,对一切都很挑剔,你的设计除非是真的很新颖,否则他们不会接受的。mysterious 神秘的;considerate考虑周到的;curious好奇的,古怪的。‎ ‎14. 【2012·金华十校期末】These days strange things happened ______ in the small village, which caused a panic among the villagers.‎ ‎ A.frequently B.fluently C.regularly D.deliberately ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查副词辨析。frequently 常常,频繁地。近来,一些奇怪的事情频频发生在这个小村子里。fluently 流利地;regularly 有规律地;deliberately故意地。‎ ‎15. 【2012·上海春招】After the accident, we are _____concerned with the safety of school buses than we used to be.‎ A. little B. less C. much D. more ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】考查比较级的用法。句意:意外事故之后,我们比过去更加关心校车的安全。‎ ‎16. 【2012·九江一模】Many students tried their best not to make careless mistakes in the examination but some of them_______ found they failed.‎ ‎ A.eventually B.completely ‎ ‎ C.exactly D.effectively ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:许多学生在考试中尽力不犯粗心的错误,但是其中有一些最终发现自己没有做到。eventually“最终;终于”;completely“完全地”;exactly“精确地”;effectively“有效地”。A项符合题意。‎ ‎17. 【2012厦门期末】 She is quite to office work. You had better ‎ offer her some suggestions when necessary.‎ A. familiar B. fresh C. similar D. sensitive ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词辨析。fresh “没经验的,不熟练的”。她对办公室工作比较生疏,在必要的时候你最好给她提供一些建议。familiar 熟悉的;similar 相似的;sensitive敏感的。‎ ‎18. 【2012·浙江调研】We have our bad times but on the whole we’re ______ happy.‎ A. rarely B. merely C. fairly D. chiefly ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查副词辨析。语意:我们处境艰难,但是总体来说我们相当高兴。根据本句中的转折连词but可知应用fairy,表示“相当,颇”。A项表示“很少”,B项表示“仅仅”,D项表示“主要的”,都不符合句意。‎ ‎19. 【2012·宁波八校联考】A volcano in Indonesia erupted on November the 16th, 2010, and _____, hundreds of people were killed. ‎ A. consequently B. continuously C. constantly D. consistently ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】考查副词词义辨析。consequently ‎ 因此,结果。句意为:在2010年的11月16日,印度尼西亚的一座火山喷发了,造成了数百人遇难。continuously 不断地,连续地; constantly不变地,经常地;consistently 一贯地。‎ ‎20. 【2012·蚌埠质检】I hope I will not be called on in class as I’m not yet prepared. ‎ ‎ A.readily B.actively C.adequately D.attentively ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查副词词义辨析。adequately 充分地。句意为:我希望这几个别被叫起来回答问题,因为我准备不充分。readily 乐意地;actively积极地;attentively 注意地,留意地。‎ ‎21. 【2012·西安一次质检】We put our books in the bookcase to keep them from dust.‎ ‎ A.empty B.free C.loose D.short ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词辨析。free from没有……的。为了不让书上沾上了灰尘,我把它们书放进了书架。‎ ‎22. 【2012苏北四市调研】—The concert we attended last night was really wonderful.‎ ‎ —Yeah, I had never been to ___.‎ ‎ A.the best one B.a better one C, a worse one ‎ ‎ D.the worst one ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词的比较级的用法。这里比较级和否定词连用,表达的是最高级的意思。句意为:---我们参加的音乐会太精彩了。--是的。这是我参加的最好的一场。‎ ‎23.【2012吉林期末】The patient is supposed to go to the hospital for checks.‎ A. common B. normal C. regular D. usual ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查形容词辨析。regular checks “常规检查”。句意为:(医生)建议这位病人应该到医院进行常规检查。这里指的是定期的检查,所以选regular。‎ ‎24. 【桂林市、防城港市2012年高三第一次调研】—Credit cards are useful when traveling.‎ ‎—True. They save us the trouble of taking too much cash.‎ ‎ A.particularly B.partly C.exactly D.gradually ‎【解析】A考查副词。修饰形容词useful,表示程度,所以用particularly,意思是“尤其”。句意为:当你外出旅游的时候,信用卡尤其有用。partly 部分地;exactly精确地;gradually慢慢地。‎ ‎25. 【2012·福建南安期中】Made up of people from different parts of the world,the neighborhood is much more________than any other.‎ A.reliable B.different C.flexible D.varied ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查形容词辨析。由于(这里的人)来自世界各地,所以邻里关系比其他任何一个地方更多样化。varied 意思是:多样化的。‎ ‎26. 【2012·浙江调研】We’ve got a general idea of what we want, but nothing ______ at the moment.‎ A. concrete B. ordinary C. standard D. abstract ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查形容词辨析。本句前半部分提到只是有笼统的想法,由此可知此刻还没有任何“具体的”内容,故A项正确。后三项分别表示“普通的”,“标准的”,抽象的”,与语意不符。‎ ‎27. 【2012·合肥质检】Though you’ve got a tight schedule these days, I would be ____ if you could afford time to attend our meeting today.‎ A. concerned B. fascinated C. grateful D. determined C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为“尽管你时间安排很紧,如果今天你能腾出时间参加我们的会议我将很感激。”根据句意选grateful“感激”。 ‎ ‎28. 【2012·宁波八校联考】The little man was _______ one meter fifty high, who is often laughed at. ‎ A. almost more than B. hardly more than C. nearly more than D. as much as ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 hardly 相当于no。句意为:这个人不到1米5,常被人嘲笑。‎ ‎29.【2012·浙江调研】— Have you read the newly-published novel by J. K. Rowling?‎ ‎ — Yes. I ______ recommend this book to anyone who is sick of the same old stories.‎ ‎ A. briefly B. instantly C. fully D. awfully ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查副词辨析。根据答语的内容可知说话全力推荐这本书,所以选fully意为:完全地。briefly“简短地”, instantly“立即”, awfully表示“非常”。‎ ‎30. 【2012·银川一中模拟】In that school, English is compulsory for all students ,but French and Russian are _____.‎ ‎ A. special B. regional C. optional D. original ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查形容词辨析。对应前面的compulsory (必修的),所以选optional(选修的)。句意为:在那所学校,对于学生们来说,英语是必修的,而法语和俄语是选修的。‎ ‎31.【2012·北京四中期中】None of the underwater workers has been harmed by the great fish. ________, most fish were so friendly that they played with the instruments.‎ A. Instead B. Even though C. However D. Though ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】考查副词的用法及含义。句意:水下工作的工人没有一个被大鱼伤害,相反,大多数鱼很友好以至于他们和和装备玩耍。‎ ‎32. 【2012·三明联考】Of the two, I would prefer _______ camera, which is very easy for me to carry A. a small B. a smaller C. the small D. the smaller ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查形容词的比较级和冠词的搭配。这里特指两个之中较小的那个,所以用the smaller camera。‎ ‎33. 【2012·三明联考】We know playing computer games for long time can harm one’s _______ health.‎ ‎ A. regular B. magical C. physical D. reliable ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意为:我们知道长时间玩电脑游戏对我们的身体健康有害。physical health指的是身体健康。regular 定期的, magical 魔术的, reliable可靠的。‎ ‎34. 【2012.02·桐乡模拟】After a lot of questioning, Jack ______ admitted he had taken the car.‎ ‎ A. frequently B. eventually C. absolutely D. generously ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查副词词义辨析。经过一系列的询问,杰克终于承认是他偷了那辆车。所以选eventually意思是:最终,终于。frequently 频繁地,经常地;absolutely 完全地,经常地; generously 慷慨地,大方地。‎ ‎35. 【2012·西安一次质检】My mother seems for a woman her age.‎ ‎ A.enough energetic still B.enough still energetic ‎ C.still energetic enough D.still enough energetic ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 still 应该放在被修饰的形容词前面,而enough应放在被修饰的形容词之后,所以选C,意为:足够的精力充沛。‎