高考英语语法必考考点6动词及动词短语 15页

‎2019年高考英语语法必考考点（6）：动词及动词短语含解析 李仕才 ‎【考点解读】‎ 动词和动词短语是历年高考单项填空考查的核心热点，每年必考，一般占1—2道题。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或动词短语(有时是同一动词与不同介词或副词的搭配)来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及动词短语意义的理解和实际运用能力。动词及动词短语的考查点多面广，综合性强，备受命题者青睐。‎ ‎　　考点一、考查动词词义辨析 ‎　　这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。‎ ‎　　如：Recently, these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy.‎ ‎　　A. hired B. dismissed C. refused D. employed ‎　　【答案】B ‎【解析】四个选项都是及物动词，且都可以与worker构成动宾关系，但从题干中的the drop in economy可知，只有B项符合题意。‎ ‎　　考点二、 考查近义动词辨析 ‎　　这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。‎ ‎　　如：When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______。‎ ‎　　A. injured B damaged　C. harmed D. destroyed ‎　　【答案】A ‎　　考点三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配 ‎　　英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时，解答的关键是弄清题意，然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。‎ ‎　　如：With modern equipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years.‎ A. bought B. come C. thrown D. appeared ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露，将……曝光”是come to light，故答案为B。‎ ‎　　考点四、考查同根动词短语的辨析 ‎　　这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。‎ ‎　　如：How I wish that I could _______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.‎ A. set out B. set off　C. set in D. set up ‎【答案】A ‎　　考点五、考查同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析 ‎　　这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意，然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。‎ 如：‎ ‎1. When I was twenty, I had to _______ before graduation and work in a clothes ‎ shop to help support my family. ‎ A. drop out B. come out C. leave out D. stay out ‎【答案】A ‎　　【解析】分析题意为“在20岁时，我不得不辍学到一家服装店工作以帮助养活我的家人。”从题意可知，空缺处应该是“辍学”之意，四个选项中，只有A项的drop out有此意，故答案为A。‎ ‎　　2. Take care during the holidays! Drinking too much can _______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.‎ A. contribute to B. relate to C. attend to D. devote to ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】分析题意为“节日期间要当心!喝酒太多会导致心脏病和引起高血压。”由题意可知，空缺处应该是“导致”之意，四个选项中，只有A项contribute to有此意，故答案为A。‎ ‎　　考点六、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析 ‎　　这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思，选出符合题意的动词短语。‎ ‎　　如：The society today offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent and skills.‎ A. give out B. take in　C. show off D. carry on ‎【答案】C ‎【真题分析】‎ 一、单项选择 ‎1. (2018·天津卷) It took him a long time to________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.‎ A. display B. acquire C. teach D. test ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。故选B。‎ ‎2. (2018·天津卷) At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.‎ A. gave in B. dressed up C. broke in D. turned up ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in I闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因 as she was so confident about her skills可知最终他让步了。故选A ‎3. (2018·江苏卷) Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear road map and timetable.‎ A. calls for B. calls on C. calls off D. calls up ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。‎ ‎4. (2018·江苏) Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.‎ A. indicate B. investigate C. imitate D. innovate ‎【答案】C ‎5. (2017·天津卷) Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.‎ A. settled down B. keep off ‎ C. get up D. cut in ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词短语。句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A.安顿下来；B远离；C起床；D嘴。根据句意，故选A。‎ ‎6. (2017·江苏卷) A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year ahead.‎ A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B. switch转变，交换，‎ 调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速 回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。‎ ‎7. (2017·江苏卷) Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a doctor.‎ A. held out B. brought out ‎ C. picked out D. given out ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版；‎ C. picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句 意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。‎ ‎9. (2016·江苏卷) _______ He did not easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.‎ A. approach B. wrestle C. compromise D. communicate ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查动词辨析。动词approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise妥协；和解；让步；communicate交流；句意：他并容易妥协，但是对于正义的事业，他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C项正确。‎ ‎10. (2016·江苏卷) Parents should actively urge their children to ______the opportunity to join sports teams.‎ A. gain admission to B. keep track of ‎ C. take advantage of D. give rise to ‎【答案】C 二、单句填空 ‎1．(2015·江苏卷)The university started some new language programs to cater ________the country's Silk Road Economic Belt.‎ ‎【答案】for ‎【解析】句意：为了满足国家丝绸之路经济带发展的要求，这所大学开设了一些新的语言项目。cater for“满足需要，迎合”。‎ ‎2．(2015·江苏卷)The whole team count ________Cristiano Ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down.‎ ‎【答案】on ‎【解析】句意：全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多，他很少让他们失望。count on“指望”。‎ ‎3．(2015·天津卷)Tom had to turn ________the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.‎ ‎【答案】down ‎【解析】句意：上个周末汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。turn down“拒绝”。‎ ‎4．(2015·浙江卷)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal ________our emotions than for straight facts.‎ ‎【答案】to ‎【解析】句意：我们通常更容易记住那些对我们的感官产生刺激，对我们的情感有吸引力的东西，而非直截了当的事实。appeal to 固定短语“吸引”。‎ ‎5．(2015·浙江卷)Body language can give ________a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.‎ ‎【答案】away ‎【解析】句意：肢体语言能泄露你的心情，因此，双手交叉站着传出的信号是你处于防御状态。give away“泄露，暴露”。‎ ‎6．(2015·湖北卷)There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies ________his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.‎ ‎【答案】in ‎【解析】句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。lies in固定短语“在于”。‎ ‎7．(2015·陕西卷)Peter will take ________his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.‎ ‎【答案】up ‎【解析】句意：Peter在这个月底将从事旅行社负责人的职位。take up“拿起，开始从事”。‎ ‎8. —The strong wind had a bad effect on our newly planted young trees.‎ ‎—What's more, it ________ many people riding bikes on the road.‎ ‎【答案】affects　‎ ‎9. I think the secret of staying young was to ________ with young people.‎ ‎【答案】mix　‎ ‎【解析】考查动词。句意：我认为保持年轻的秘诀就是与年轻人交往。mix with sb.“与某人交往”。‎ ‎10. I will move out next week. I'm not going to put up________ my roommate smoking any longer.‎ ‎【答案】with　‎ ‎【解析】考查动词短语。句意： 我下周就会搬出去。我再也受不了我室友吸烟了。put up with “忍受”，符合句意。‎ 三、单句改错 ‎1. He lied down by the side of the path to rest.‎ ‎【答案】lied → lay，‎ ‎【解析】句意：他在小路边躺下休息。lie 表示“躺”时，其过去时是 lay ‎2. Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. ‎ ‎【答案】seeing → seen ‎【解析】句意：有人在房顶附近看到Charles and Linda。因为从含义上看，此处谓语应用被动语态。‎ ‎3. Books may be keep for four weeks. ‎ ‎【答案】keep → kept ‎【解析】句意：书可以借（被保留）四周。此处要用被动语态。‎ ‎4. …and let you know when the book you want has returned.‎ ‎【答案】returned 之前加 been ‎【解析】句意：让你知道你要的书什么时候归还了。从句意上看，此处要用被动语态。‎ ‎5. They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. ‎ ‎【答案】eager 前加were ‎ ‎【解析】句意：他们急于想知道关于中国的一切，问了我很多问题。此处缺谓语动词 ‎6. I’d like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. ‎ ‎【答案】to 后加 be / become ‎7. I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football. ‎ ‎【答案】use to → used to ‎【解析】句意：我过去在业余时间常打乒乓球，现在喜欢足球了。此为习语，意为“过去经常”。‎ ‎8. Because of so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. ‎ ‎【答案】去掉 be ‎【解析】句意：因为看得太多，孩子们可能不会养成阅读习惯和赏识自己的能力。去掉 be，因它与其后的动词 develop 相冲突）‎ ‎9. I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. ‎ ‎【答案】去掉 should ‎【解析】句意：我听从她的建议，每天抄写大约100个单词。去掉 should，因 put 和 followed 是平行结构，作并列谓语）‎ ‎10. You have to learn in order to teach. Without enough knowledges, you can never learn well.‎ ‎【答案】learn→teach ‎【解析】句意：因上句讲“为了教好，教师不得不学”，此句便是“没有学问，就决不会教好”。‎ ‎【对点测试】‎ 一、单项选择 ‎1. (2018·滨海7校联考) We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7:30, but Jack failed to ______.‎ A. break up B. set up ‎ C. turn up D. give up ‎【答案】C ‎2. (2018·滨海7校联考) The guidance teacher was their adviser, offering them suggestions and solutions when they ______ difficulties.‎ A. arose B. encountered C. emerged D. evaluated ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词。A. arose出现； B. encountered 遇到；C. emerged浮现，暴露； D. evaluated评估。指导老师是他们的导师，当他们遇到困难时，给他们提供建议和解决方案。可知答案为B。‎ ‎3. (2018·江苏97校联考) Evidence begins to 　　　　that the earth and the rest of the universe are in fact changing with time.‎ A. accumulate B. accelerate C. accompany D. approve ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词。A. accumulate累积；B. accelerate加速；C. accompany陪伴；D. approve批准。句意：地球和宇宙的其他部分实际上在随着时间而改变的证据开始累积。指证据积累，故选A。‎ ‎4. (2018·江苏97校联考) The police have 　 　　　anyone with information to come forward and ta lk to them.‎ A. appealed to B. attended to ‎ C. responded to D. attached to ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词短语。A. appealed to呼吁；B. attended to出席，参加；C. responded to做出反应；D. attached to附属于。句意：警方呼吁任何知道信息的人站出来与他们交谈。表示呼吁，故选A。‎ ‎5. (2018·天津市部分区) I could not ________my tears when I saw the picture of my father working at the quake zone.‎ A. bring In B. turn up ‎ C. take off D. hold back ‎【答案】D ‎6. (2018·天津市七所重点中学) The guidance teacher was their adviser, offering them suggestions and solutions when they ______ difficulties.‎ A. arose B. encountered C. emerged D. evaluated ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词。A. arose出现； B. encountered 遇到；C. emerged浮现，暴露； D. evaluated评估。指导老师是他们的导师，当他们遇到困难时，给他们提供建议和解决方案。可知答案为B。‎ ‎7. (2018·天津市十二所重点中学)—Peter has spent too much time on novels recently.‎ ‎—That may ____ his poor grade in the exam.‎ A. account for B. answer for C. apply for D. stand for ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. account for说明，导致；B. answer for对……负责；C. apply for运用；D. stand for代表。句意：——彼得最近花了太多时间看小说。——这也许是他考试成绩不好的原因。故选A。‎ ‎8. (2018·江苏丹阳中学等) Running a business, no matter where it is started, _______‎ ‎ plentiful market research, consistent integrity and a great deal of discipline.‎ A. clarifies B. involves C. undertakes D. digests ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词。A. clarifies澄清；B. involves牵涉；C. undertakes 承担，保证；D. digests消化。句意：无论在哪里起家，经营一个公司涉及到丰富的市场调研、一贯的诚信和大量的纪律。句子用一般现在时态，动名词做主语，故答案为B。‎ ‎9. (2018·南京高淳区联考) The police have 　　 　 anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.‎ A. appealed to B. attended to C. responded to D. attached to ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词短语。A. appealed to呼吁；B. attended to出席，参加；C. responded to做出反应；D. attached to附属于。句意：警方呼吁任何知道信息的人站出来与他们交谈。表示呼吁，故选A.‎ ‎10. (2018·江苏涟水中学) The team are working hard to_______ the problem so that they can find the best solution.‎ A. face B. prevent C. raise D. analyse ‎【答案】D 二、单句填空 ‎1. —Do you have enough to ________ all your daily expenses?‎ ‎—Oh yes, enough and to spare.‎ ‎【答案】cover　‎ ‎【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——“你有足够用以支付日常开支的钱吗？”——“有，足够并且还有结余。”cover在此意为“(钱)够(某事物之)用”。‎ ‎2. What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You're ________ (suppose) to be asleep.‎ ‎【答案】supposed　‎ ‎【解析】考查动词短语。句意：汤姆，你不在床上，在干什么？你应该正在睡觉。be supposed to do sth.表示“应该做某事”，相当于should do sth.，含有“‎ 本应该做某事，但事实上没做”之意，符合题意。‎ ‎3. I will move out next week. I'm not going to put up________ my roommate smoking any longer.‎ ‎【答案】with　‎ ‎【解析】考查动词短语。句意： 我下周就会搬出去。我再也受不了我室友吸烟了。put up with “忍受”，符合句意。‎ ‎4. There is no evidence to show that he is ________(connect) with the murder.‎ ‎【答案】connected　‎ ‎【解析】考查动词短语。句意：没有证据表明他和这起谋杀案有关。connect...with...“把……与……联系”。‎ ‎5. Two young men ________(connect) the robbery have been questioned by the local police about the details of the case.‎ ‎【答案】connected with　‎ ‎【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：两个与这起抢劫案有关的年轻人已经就案子的细节被当地警方进行了审问。be connected with“与……有关的”，符合句意。‎ ‎6. As neither of us would give________， the bargain came to nothing.‎ ‎【答案】in　‎ ‎7．Our teacher stressed again that we should not leave________ any important details while retelling the story.‎ ‎【答案】out　‎ ‎【解析】考查动词短语。句意：老师再次强调我们在复述故事时不应遗漏任何重要的细节。leave out“遗漏”，符合句意。‎ ‎8. The enemies also burned their farms and blew________ their dams and power plants.‎ ‎【答案】up　‎ ‎【解析】考查动词短语。句意：敌人也烧毁了他们的农场，炸毁了他们的大坝和电厂。blow up“爆炸，炸毁”，符合句意。‎ ‎9. The police suspected him of carrying drugs so they went________ his bag, but found nothing.‎ ‎【答案】through　‎ ‎【解析】考查动词短语。句意：警察怀疑他携带毒品，因此详细检查了他的包，但什么也没找到。go through“详细检查”，符合句意。‎ ‎10. —Why was our foreign teacher unhappy yesterday?‎ ‎—News about the tsunami striking her country set________ an attack of homesickness.‎ ‎【答案】off　‎ ‎【解析】考查动词短语。句意：——“为什么我们的外教昨天不高兴？”——“海啸袭击她的国家的消息引发了她的思乡病。”set off“引起，激起”，符合句意。‎ 三、单句改错 ‎1. The number of people who learns English as a foreign language is more than 750 million.‎ ‎【答案】learns →learn ‎【解析】动词错误：定语从句的先行词为people，是复数，所以who也是复数，谓语动词要用复数。‎ ‎2. The novel is really a hit. How many pages have you read?‎ ‎【答案】read→ covered ‎【解析】动词错误：此句的意思是，“看完了多少页书,” read 无此意；而cover有“看完了多少页书”之意。‎ ‎3. The guide told us not to go to the lake which is not fit for us to swim.‎ ‎【答案】.to swim→to swim in ‎【解析】动词错误：不及物动词后要跟宾语，须在不及物动词后加相应的介词。‎ ‎4. It is said that the weather will last hot for another three or four days.‎ ‎【答案】last → stay ‎5. His father agreed him to drive his car when he was only 16.‎ ‎【答案】agreed → allowed ‎【解析】动词错误：“同意某人做某事”用句型 allow sb.to do sth. ‎ agree不能用于 agree sb.to do sth 句型。‎ ‎6. Please bring the old man a chair to sit.‎ ‎【答案】在sit后加on ‎【解析】动词错误：动词不定式作定语时，如果动词不定式是不及物动词，在动词后加相应的介词。‎ ‎7. The baby is sleeping. Would please turn off the radio a little.‎ ‎【答案】off →down ‎【解析】动词、介词搭配错误：turn off“关闭”; turn down “关小”。还由于句子最后有a little，所以句子意思是“关小一点”。‎ ‎8. As I felt so much better, my doctor suggested me to take a holiday by the sea.‎ ‎【答案】suggested →advised ‎【解析】动词使用错误：“建议某人做某事” 用 advise sb.to do sth.‎ ‎9. Many North Europeans carry a cotton handkerchief in their pocket into which they sometimes brush their noses.‎ ‎【答案】brush →blow ‎【解析】动词错误:根据句意“很多北欧人常在口袋里装一块手绢，有时他们可以把鼻涕擤在里面。”“擤鼻涕”用 blow one’s nose 表示。‎ ‎10. While in his college days he used to keep long hair.‎ ‎【答案】keep→wear 四、单句翻译（动词/动词短语）‎ ‎1. 我们十分喜爱这座房子，真舍不得搬家。(grow/ be attached to)‎ ‎【答案】We have grown attached to this house and would hate to move. ‎ ‎2.（谚语）如果没有更好的，就充分利用现有的。(make the best of)‎ ‎【答案】If you can’t have the best, make the best of what you have. ‎ ‎3. 我的父母不准许我吸烟。(approve of)‎ ‎【答案】My parents don't approve of me smoking cigarettes. ‎ ‎4. 我祝贺你喜获千金。(congratulate sb. on)‎ ‎【答案】Let me congratulate you on the birth of your daughter. ‎ ‎5. 在雨中我几乎看不清交通标志。(make out)‎ ‎【答案】I could barely make out the traffic signs through the rain. ‎ ‎ ‎