高三英语高考复习四 35页

‎2006届高三英语高考复习（四）‎ 高二下学期book2 ‎ Unit 11—Unit 12‎ 重点词组 Have an effect on cut up as well as ‎ Put forward cut away Rely on ‎ intend to do sth stick to ‎ make a living with pleasure ‎ set up set out to do sth reach an agreement in store turn out to be sb(sth) miss sb. Out burn out no matter what dream of walk a straight line /love at first sight not only…but also…experiment with electricity 重难点整合 ‎1．1）I think(believe, suppose, imagine…)+从句 ‎ 2)I don’t think (believe, suppose, imagine…)‎ 从句（否定转移，否定宾语从句）‎ ‎ 3) I think(believe, suppose, imagine…)so ‎ 4) I don’t think (believe, suppose, imagine…)so ‎ 5) I think(believe, suppose, imagine…) not ‎ ‎ 6) I hope so( 但不说I don't hope so.)‎ ‎ 7) I hope not.‎ 疑问词+do you think (believe, suppose, imagine…)…?‎ ‎(do you think…等不能位于疑问词前)‎ I don’t think (believe, suppose, imagine…)+从句，其反意疑问句，对从句反问。‎ 典题---Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend? --_________.‎ A. I don’t believe B. I don’t believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not 点拨 以“Do you think…?”这样的句子来提问，通常用 I think so(I believe so)来表示肯定; 用I don’t think so 或 I don’t believe so 或I think (believe) not来表示否定.‎ Key :D ‎ ‎2．1） It is possible/probable/likely that…‎ 有可能…‎ Possible:强调客观上有可能性,但也常常暗示”实际上希望很小”,常用的句式为 ‎“It is possible for sb to do sth.”或”It is possible +that 从句”。作表语时不能用人作主语。‎ Probable:主要用来指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事，带有“大概，很可能”的意味，语气较Possible强。 ‎ ‎ 常用的句式为“It is probable+从句”。‎ 作表语时不用人或不定式作主语。‎ Likely:侧重从表面看，某事很可能发生，与Probable意思相近。既可用人也可用物作主语。‎ ‎ 常用的句式为：“Ït is likely that从句 ”或”sb. is likely to do sth”‎ 不能说:It is likely for sb to do sth.‎ 典题Look, dark clouds are gathering. It is ___to rain soon.‎ A. probably B.possibly C.likely D.perhaps 点拨不能说It is perhaps to …;A, B都是副词，所以不能选择 A或B。常不用 It is probable to do sth.但可以说It is possible that从句.请看以下例句：‎ It is possible for him to finish work.‎ It is possible that he shall finish work.‎ It is probable that he shall finish work.‎ It is likely that he will come.‎ He is likely to come.‎ Key :C ‎3.1)die from+overwork/the bad air/loss of blood/a wound/ an accident/drink too much wine（强调外因）‎ ‎2)die of+hunger/thirst/cancer/a fever/a cold/old age/sorrow（强调内因）‎ 典题Some kinds of animals died from because they were overkilled.（改错题）‎ 点拨句为“因过分捕杀，有些种类的动物灭绝了”，因此应将from改为 out.‎ ‎4.set off 动身、出发 注意：“出发到某地”应说：Set off for,不能用介词to。‎ 类似：Start for/ leave for/ set out for动身到 ……,sail for起航前往， head for向 ……进发 leave…for… 离开…… 到…‎ 典题Tom and his father_____Amercia last week, and arrived there this Tuesday morning.‎ A. see for B.set off C.set off for D.set off to 点拨set off 意为“动身、出发”，后接目的地，常用介词for。相当于 leave for 如：set off for the station 动身去火车站。‎ Key:C ‎ ‎5. be well received 很受欢迎 注意：receive收到，接受；接待；欢迎；得到 ……反应 E.g. The hotel is now open and will receive visitors.‎ 这家旅馆在开业接待客人。‎ 典题The speech he made at the meeting yesterday was____ with loud cheering.‎ A. received B.accepted C.popular D.welcome 点拨B、 D与句子搭配不对。 C 虽搭配正确，但不合题意。‎ Key:A ‎6.such..as… 像…… 那样的……‎ E.g.①Metals are such things as iron,silver and gold.‎ 像铁、银、金一类的东西是金属。‎ ‎②Such boy as he is not worth teaching.‎ 像他那样的男孩不值得教。‎ 典题Don’t talk about_____things_____you do not understand.‎ A. such; as B.as; as C.such; that D.so; that 点拨 关系代词as常与 such, the same 连用（也可出现在其他情况），此题as引导的为定语从句。 ‎ Key: A ‎7.neither…nor…即非 ……又非，既不 ……也不 ……；两者都不；‎ E.g.①It is neither hot nor cold.‎ 天气既不热也不冷。‎ ‎②Neither her nor you are to blame.‎ 既不要你负责，也不要他负责。‎ 用法：Neither…nor是并列连词，连接两个相等的句子成分。可连接两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语。连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应同后一个词的人称和数保持一致。‎ 如Neither置于句首，句子常用倒装形式（连接主语时除外）。‎ E.G.Neither did the Chinese medical team fear hardship nor did they mind the heat when they helped cure the wounded Indonesians.‎ 中国医疗队在救印尼伤员时，即不怕艰难，也不在意炎热。‎ ‎8.for example/such as/that is 这三个短语都有“例如”的含义。通常用来举例。‎ ‎1) for example /instance 作为独立语插入句中，它的位置很灵活，可用在所举例子（通常是一个）的前面或后面（列举）‎ ‎2) such as用来列举事物（一类）。放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as之后不可有逗号（列举部分事例。）‎ ‎3)that is 用来列举全部事例，故在被列举事例前面，并用逗号隔开。‎ ‎(这时shch as=like, that is=namely)‎ E.g.①He knows several languages, such as English, French and German.‎ ‎②Some students, for example, John comes from countryside.‎ ‎③I have three friends, that is, John, Jack and Tom.‎ ‎9.take…for example以 ……为例 E.G. Take my sister for example, she is an excellent singer.‎ 典题Hibernation is a deep sleep.Take a snake_____example, you can give it a hard pull to its tail without causing it to wake.‎ A. as B.for C.of D.out 点拨按题意要求“以蛇为例”‎ Key: B ‎10.1)example v.检查；考试 ‎2)check v.核实；查证 Have one’s teeth examined 看一下牙齿 E.G.① Check your answers before you hand it in.‎ ‎② Is the baby asleep? I’ll go and check.‎ 典题At the airport, the officials____my luggage carefully.‎ A. looked B.glanced C.tested D.examined 点拨A、B为不及物动词；意为“测试”，不合句意。‎ ‎ Key; D ‎11.set vt.放，安置；树立。Vi.落，下沉 n 一套，一副 ‎1)set…free 释放……，联想 ‎2)set out to do sth.=set about doing sth.着手（做）某事 ‎3)set an example(to sb.)（给某人）做出榜样 ‎4)set down放下，记下，落下 ‎5)set out (for some place) 动身去……‎ ‎6)set up支（建）起来 ‎ ‎7)a set of false teeth一套假牙 ‎8)a 10-piece tea set 一套10 件的茶具 典题A big building was____in our school last year.‎ A.set about B.held up C.set up D.set out ‎ 点拨“一栋建筑物建起来”应用Set up. Hold up阻挡，使停顿，与题意不符。‎ Key:C ‎12.1)deal with处理(常于how连用)‎ ‎2) do with处理(常于what连用)‎ E.g.①I don’t know what is to be done with this.‎ 我不知道该拿这个怎么办。‎ ‎②I don’t know how to deal with these bad children. ‎ 我不知道怎样处置这些坏孩子。‎ 典题She is used____the matters that I don’t know_____.‎ A. to dealing with; what to do with them.‎ B. to dealing with; how to deal with.‎ C. to do with; what to do with them.‎ D. to do with; hoe to deal with them.‎ 点拨 be used to后接名词或动名词;what与 do with连用。根据习惯思维，学生易错选 A ，而实际上，that引导定语从句且作 deal with的宾语。故 B项正确.‎ Key: B ‎13.1)have a good trip一路顺风（送行祝愿语）‎ ‎2)have a good journey旅行愉快 ‎3)have a good luck祝你幸运 ‎4)have a good time=have a wonderful(nice)time=enjoy oneself玩得开心 ‎5)have a bad time玩得不痛快；日子难过；‎ ‎6)have bad (hard, ill) luck倒霉 典题--I’ll fly to England on business tomorrow.‎ ‎-______‎ A.See you later B.Congratulations! ‎ C. Have a good trip! D.Not at all.‎ 点拨 当为别人送行时或当别人远行时常用“have a good trip”表示祝愿。‎ Key: C ‎14.whatever 不管/无论什么，既可引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句（引导让步状语从句可与no matter what互换， no matter what只能引导让步状语从句。）‎ 典题These wild flowers are so special that I would do____I can to save them.‎ A. whatever B.that C.which D.whichever 点拨 句中I can后省略了 do ，即I can do to save them, do后没有宾语，所以应用 whatever，引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，意为“任何事情；不论什么”。‎ ‎ Key: A Units 13—14‎ 重点词组 ‎ range from...to.../all the way up to sth/makeup/be made up of/break ‎ down/fall into/mix with/take advantage of sth (sb)./fill with/a variety of/contribute to/unique t0 sb.(sth)/manage to do sth/break down/break in/break out/break up/put...into prison/be active in/march on/set an example to sb/give an example to sb/from then on/have sth in common/at first sight/put into prison/judge...from(by)/join hands 重点难点整合 ‎1．continue，go on，go on with用法异同 ‎ (1)continue意为“继续”做原来做的事，现在还在做或者有一段中断，然后又继续做下去，用法是continue to do或continue doing。‎ ‎ (2)go on意为继续，不停地继续，或停了以后再做。也就是继续原来没做完的同一件事，其后可跟一段时间的状语，用go on doing sth。如果作“接着”做(不同的一件事)解go on to do sth．。但它指的是一个短暂性的动作，不能接表示一段时间的状语。‎ ‎ Having finished reading Lesson Four。he went on肥市to read Lesson Five．‎ ‎ (3)go on with+ n.表示的意义又与go on doing大体相同，但go on with...常意味着一度中止，后又继续。‎ ‎ why have you stopped? Go on with your work．‎ ‎2． be active in热心于……活动，在……积极 ‎ take an active part in是“积极参加”之意 eg．①He is always active in work．‎ ‎ 他工作总是很积极。‎ ‎ ②We should be active in class．‎ ‎ 我们上课时要积极主动。‎ ‎ ③She takes an active part in school affairs．‎ ‎ 她积极参加学校里的活动。‎ ‎ ④All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning．‎ ‎ 所有学生都积极参加大扫除。‎ ‎3．由voice构成的短语 ‎ give a voice to sb．给某人以发言权 ‎ give voice to sth．将……说出，透露，表明 ‎ at the top of one’s voice以最大的声音，大声疾呼 ‎ in a low(trembling，excited，...)voice以低沉(颤抖，激动……)的声音说 ‎ with one voice异口同声地 lose one's voice说不出话来，唱不出声音 ‎ raise one's voice提高嗓门，对……吼叫，对……表达不满(against)‎ ‎4. put sb．into prison"把……投入监狱”，类似的说法有：send sb. to prison，cast sb. into prison prison指“临禁”之意时不加冠词，指具体的建筑物时要加冠词。‎ 试体会：go to prison入狱，被监禁 ‎ be in prison在狱中，被监禁着 ‎ be taken to prison被关入监狱 ‎ break prison越狱 ‎ escape from prison逃出监狱 ‎ 而go to the prison则表示“到监狱(处所)去” ‎ ‎5. during the 1950s在20世纪50年代，又可表示为during the ‎1950’‎s，in the ‎1950’‎s或in the 1950s ‎ ‎ ①He was born in the 1980s． ‎ ‎ 他出生于20世纪80年代。 ‎ ‎ ②During the 1980s，great changes took place in China． ‎ ‎ 在二十世纪八十年代，中国发生了很大变化。 ‎ ‎6. common，similar，same ‎ ‎ 这三个单词很容易搞混，区别的原则是看与它们搭配的介词。common往往与in搭配，而similar习惯上与to连用，而the same往往与as同时出场，总是与the连用。 ‎ eg．①We don't have much in common． ‎ ‎ 我们没有太多共同之处。 ‎ ‎ ②His book is similar to mine． ‎ ‎ 他的书与我的差不多。 ‎ ‎ ③His book is the same as mine．‎ ‎ 他的书与我的一样。‎ 综上所述，我们不难发现它们的另外一个区别：common(共同)，事物只有一样，而similar(相似)和same(相同)的事物不止一件。‎ ‎7. be sensitive to(about)对……敏感的，对……很在意的 eg．①His noise is very sensitive to any smoke．‎ ‎ 他的鼻子对烟味很敏感。‎ ‎ ②She is very sensitive about her appearance.‎ ‎ 她非常在意自己的外表。‎ ‎8. call in延请，收回，招人 eg．①We should call in a lawyer．‎ ‎ 我们应该请个律师。‎ ‎ ②The manufacturers have called in some cars with serious faults．‎ ‎ 厂商已收回一些有严重缺陷的汽车。‎ ‎9.in the 1870s(1870's)在19世纪70年代 ‎ in one's seventies在某人七十几岁时 eg．①He left his hometown in the sixties．‎ ‎ ②Marx began to learn Russian in his fifties．‎ 典题(1999·上海)It is not rare in that people in fifties are going t0 university for further education．‎ ‎ A．90s；their B．the 90s；不填 ‎ C．90s；不填 D．the 90s；their 点拨 表示“20世纪90年代”应用in the 90s；“在某人50多岁的时候”应为in one's fifties．‎ Key：D ‎ ‎ ‎1ie(1ied，lied，lying)撒谎 ‎10. lie(1ay，lain，lying)躺；位于 ‎ lay(1aid，laid)放；产(孵)‎ eg．①He lied t0 his parents，so they didn’t like him．‎ ‎ ②He lay on the dirty floor．‎ 联想：die的现在分词dying(垂死的，临终的)。‎ 典题Do you know the boy under the big tree?‎ ‎ A．1ay B．1ain C．1aying D．1ying 点拨 空格作后置定语，意为“躺”，所以应用lying(表主动)。‎ Key：D ‎11. make-up n.构成，化妆，化妆品，排版 lead-in n.引语，介绍辞，引入线 warm-up n.赛前准备，热身 play-off n.最后决赛 hand-out n.广告传单 go-between n.中间人，媒人 runaway n.逃跑者 ‎12. compared to/with与……相比 compare…to…把……比作 compare…with…把……与……相比 eg. ①China has a larger population compared with any other country.‎ 中国人口比其它任何国家人口都多。‎ ‎②Man’s life is often compared to a candle.‎ 人们常把人生比为蜡烛。‎ 典题 Last year the number of deaths increased 2% 4%the year before last.‎ A. to; comparing to B. by; comparing with ‎ C. to; compared with D. by; compared to 点拨 by…表示纯增加或减少的数量；compared to/with和……相比。‎ Key：D ‎13. a cause of death死亡的原因 cause造成一种事实或现象的“原因”‎ reason说明一种看法或行为的“理由”‎ eg. We can’t get rid of war unless we get rid of the cause of war.‎ 如果我们不除掉战争的根源，我们就消灭不了战争。‎ 典题 The of the fire in the book-store was that the manager was too careless.‎ A. excuse B. reason C. cause D. question 点拨：此处应表示“失火”的根源。‎ Key：C Units 15—16‎ 重点词组 every now and then/ get tired of /cool sb. off/work out / find out/make a list of/be known as / be know for/be known to/persuade sb. to do sth/ try to persuade sb to do sth/advise sb. to do sth/do with/a series of/in honor of/in vain/on sale/insist on/in turn/be supplied with/ be determined to do sth/have an effect on/aim at effect on/aim at 重点难点整合 ‎1．holiday，vacation ‎(1)两者都可以表示“假期”，在英国一般用holiday，在美国多用vacation，但英国大学里多用vacation，中小学里用holiday。a holiday可能是“一天假期”也可能是“一次(长达几天)的假期”。如果假期不止一天，像寒、暑假，则通常用复数形式。‎ ‎(2)holiday还可以表示“节日、纪念日”。‎ ‎(3)“在休假中”可以说on vacation或on holiday·‎ eg．①Friday is a holiday in Muslim countries.‎ 星期五是穆斯林国家的假日。‎ ‎②Summer holidays will begin next month·‎ 下个月暑假就要开始了。‎ ‎③Everyone was In his holiday clothes.‎ 人人都穿上了节日的盛装。‎ ‎④Your friend is coming to stay in your house for one week while you and your family are away on holiday．‎ 你和你家里的人外出度假时，你的朋友打算来你家住一个星期。‎ another day改日(用于将来时)‎ one day有一天；总有一天(用于过去时或将来时)‎ ‎2． some day总有一天(用于将来时)‎ the other day几天前的一天 ill the past(1ast)few days近几天(与完成时连用)‎ one’s days一生 one's day鼎盛时期 ‎ by the day按天(计算)‎ in those days在那时 day after day日复一日(无变化)‎ day by day逐日(有变化)‎ from day to day天天 典题I'm busy today，shall we discuss the problem ?‎ A. every other day B. the other day C. every day D. another day 点拨 A为“每隔一天”；B、C不合句意和时态。‎ Key：D ‎3. custom, culture, civilization, habit culture指构成某一民族群体背景的特殊文化、文明修养、教养，培养、种植。‎ custom指习惯、风俗，一个国家、民族在社会发展中长期沿袭下来的习俗、习惯，习俗不大可能影响总体精神。‎ civilization指人类社会发展到高一级状态的文明或文化，如艺术、宗教、科学等等。‎ habit指个人的行为习惯成习惯性思维方式，侧重指逐渐形成的自然习惯。‎ ‎4．broad．wide 两者都指“宽广”，有时可换用。但broad着重某物的覆盖面广，可指肩、背、胸、额头等，还可引申为“宽宏大量”；wide意为“广泛的”，也可指具体宽度，口、眼等的“宽大”要用wide。‎ eg．①He has a wide knowledge of international law and politics．‎ 他对国际法治了解很多。 ‎ ‎②She’s a broad-minded girl and has many close friends．‎ 她是一位宽宏大量的女孩，所以有很多好朋友。‎ ‎③At the news，her eyes were wide with excitement． ‎ 听到这个消息她激动地瞪大了双眼。‎ ‎5．be known as, be known for，be known to，be known by be known后面接的介词不同，其含义和用法也不一样。‎ ‎(1)be known as意为“被称为”、“大家公认”、“叫作”，主语是人时后面常接表示“身份”的名词。‎ eg．①Jia Sixie is known as one of the pioneers of farming．‎ 贾思勰被认为是农业科学的先驱者之一。‎ ‎②Today he is well known as a model leader．‎ 今天他是有名的模范领导人。‎ ‎(2)be known for意为“因……而出名”，for引出 某种事物或某个人出名的原因。‎ eg．This mountain is known for its tea．这山以产茶出名。‎ ‎(3)be known to意为“为(某人)所知”。此处的介词to后面的名词成代词表示为谁所知。此处的介词to不能改成by。‎ eg．Your neighbor is known to the police，so you’d better lock your door．‎ 你的邻居是警察熟知的坏人，所以你最好把门锁上。‎ ‎(4)be known by意为“根据……所知”‎ eg．one is known by the friends he makes 根据一个人的交友可知其人。‎ ‎6．street，avenue，highway，road ‎(1)street指位于城镇都市内，路面平整，两旁有人行道和房子的公共通道。‎ eg. This is the point where two busy streets intersect．‎ 这是两条繁忙街道的交叉口。‎ ‎(2)avenue指令人愉快，美观气派而有住宅street，一般两旁绿树成荫，两侧有屋前花园的street。avenue在某些国家用以指南北的街道。而东西的街道用street．‎ eg．The avenue was lined with modern shops．‎ 街的两旁现代化商店林立。‎ ‎(3)highway指供车辆行驶的主要道路或公路，路面平滑整齐，是城市间的主要通道。 ‎ eg．They turned off the main highway on to a winding gravel road．‎ 他们离开主要公路，转入一条弯曲的砾石路。‎ ‎(4)road指任何通向某目的地的道路。谈到城市，用street多些。‎ eg．There is a narrow winding road from our riblage to the next one．‎ 从我们村庄到另一个村庄有一条窄窄的弯路。‎ ‎7．scenery，scene，view ‎ 这三个词都是“风景”的意思，但在具体的用法上又有区别。scenery是从一个美的整体的角度概括事物的外貌。‎ The beautiful Scenery of the English lakes ‎ 英格兰湖泊的美丽风光。 ‎ view是从某个地方可以看到的部分景色。 ‎ There’s a fine view of the mountains from our hotel window． ‎ 从我们旅馆的窗口可以看到秀丽的山景。 ‎ scene与view可互用，但scene大多包括了其中的人及其活动， ‎ eg· a happy scene of children playing in the garden 孩子们在花园中玩耍的欢乐景象 ‎ so/as far as就……，尽……，远到…… ‎ ‎8． so far到目前为止(多用完成时) ‎ by far更…… ‎ eg．He has lain in bed ill for half a month as far as I know． ‎ 就我所知，他生病卧床已半个月了。 ‎ 典题 ____ I know，the project will be completed in three years．‎ A．So far as B．So long as C．As soon as D．As long as ‎ 点拨 B、D意为“只要……”，c为“一……就……”。‎ Key：A ‎ ‎9．in turn转而；反过来；轮流 eg．①The girls called out their names in turn．‎ 那些女孩儿逐一报出自己的名字。 ‎ ‎②He stayed with his mother till nearly midnight，comforting her and being comforted in turn．‎ 他陪母亲差不多到深夜，安慰她，母亲反过来也安慰他。 ‎ ‎③We found that Helen had told Tom. and he in turn told Helen’s sister． ‎ 我们发现海伦已经告诉了汤姆，汤姆又告诉了海伦的妹妹。 ‎ 拓展 ‎ take a turn散一圈步 ‎ at every turn到处，老是 ‎ by turns依次 take turns…轮流 wait for one’s turn等候轮到自己 ‎ ‎10.country, nation, state 都指“国家”，但着重点不同。Country强调“国土”、“疆域”；nation强调中家的“民族”“人民”；state着重点指“国家政权”。‎ eg. ①Last night President gave a TV speech to the nation.‎ 昨晚总统向全国人民作了电视讲话。‎ ‎②We should work hard to make our country more beautiful.‎ 我们应该努力工作使我们的国家更加美丽。‎ ‎③Soon they set up a state of their own.‎ 不久他们建立了自己的国家政权。‎ ‎11.make up one’s mind, decide, determine这组词都有“决定”的意思。Decide指经过思考、询问和讨论后做判断或决定去做某事；determine特别强调经过认真考虑之后下定决定，做出判断，含有决心已下，不可动摇之意；make up one’s mind是hesitate(迟疑)、waver(动摇)、be puzzled(迷惑不解)‎ 等词的相对说法，表示不再犹豫不决。‎ eg. ①I decided to take the position at the bank.‎ 我决定接受在银行的职责。‎ ‎②We have decided that it is no use worrying.‎ 我们断定担心是无用的。‎ ‎③I determined to get the work done before May Day.‎ 我决定在“五一”节前完成这项工作。‎ ‎④Have they determined where the new school will be built?‎ 他们已决定新学校建在什么地方了吗？‎ ‎⑤He made up his mind to finish the work on time.‎ 他决定按时完成这项工作。‎ ‎12 ….be said to do sth.据说……此句型的动词不定式根据表达的需要可使用一般式（表将来），进行式（表正在进行），完成式（表已发生或完成）。能够在此句型中使用的动词还有think, believe, expert, report, know等。此句型可转换为it作形式主语的句型。‎ eg. ①he was known to have taken part in the Long March.=It was known that he had taken part in the Long March.‎ 人们都知道他参加过长征。‎ ‎②they are believed to had discussed this problem.=It is believed that they(have)discussed this problem.‎ 相信这个问题他们已讨论过了。‎ 典题 Tom is said the piano. Don’t wait for him. Let’s begin.‎ A. to play B. to have played C. to be playing D. to be played 点拨 A为不定式的一般式，B为不定式的完成式；C为不定式的进行式。这里表示“正在弹钢琴”。‎ Key：C Units 17-18‎ 重点词组 get around/adjust to/get used to/in public take part in/compete for/at the same time/come up with sth/break away from/be aware of/trial and error/now that/allow provide sth for sb.succeed in doing sth/on(the)average/call up sb/call on sb/call for sb./cat call in sb.‎ 重点难点整合 be popular with sb．受某人欢迎 ‎1. be popular among+复数名词 受……欢迎 ‎ be popular for因……受欢迎 典题 The teacher popular us explained the part ‎0f the lesson．‎ A. to; latest B. with; latter C. for; later D. by; last 点拨 latest最近的，最新的；latter两事物之间按顺序中的后一个；later后来，较迟的；last三者或三者以上事物顺序中的最后一个。本题意为“受我们欢迎 的老师解释了这一课后面的部分。”‎ Key：B ‎2. besides，except，but，except for与except that ‎(1)besides除……之外，表示在已提到的某事物之外再加上其他事物，等于addition to．‎ Besides English. he knows three other languages．‎ 除了英语外，他还懂三种语言。 ‎ ‎(2)except除……之外，意思等于not including即“不包括”，在一个整体中除去一部分。‎ They go to work every day except Sunday．‎ ‎ (3)but与except同义①在用but的句子里，着重在整体；在用except的句子里着重在除去的部分。②but多用于no，all，nobody，who，where等后，except不受此限。‎ I have no choice but to obey．我只得服从。‎ ‎ (4)except for除……外；for表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况。‎ Your article is good except for a few spelling mistakes． (=Your article is good except that there are a few spelling mistakes．)你的文章，除了少数拼写错误外，是好的。‎ ‎ (5)except that与except for同义;但except that后接句子。‎ She speaks English very well except that she speaks too fast．她的英语除了说的快外，说得很好。‎ ‎3. come true，realize 两个词意思均为“变成现实”或“实现”之意。但come true是不及物动词短语，而realize是及物动词。‎ eg．①After passing the entrance exam，his dream of becoming a college student will come true．‎ 通过入学考试后，他成为大学生的梦想就要实现了。‎ ‎②Her wish was realized at last．她的愿望终于实现了。‎ ‎4. provide，supply 这两个动词都作“供给”解，往往可以互换。provide的用意较广，当指提供“经验”，“机4. 会”，“帮助”等抽象概念而非具体东西时，用provide，而不用supply。provide还有“准备”的意思provide for． “养活”，provided“假如”引导条件状语。而supply则不能这样用。但是，supply还可作名词“供应品，贮藏量”be in short supply短缺”‎ eg．①The construction workers were provided(supplied)with enough food．‎ 建筑工人有足够的食品供应。‎ ‎②Our school canteen provides(supplies)us with three meals a day．‎ ‎ 我们食堂给我们一天开三顿饭。‎ ‎③This will provide a good opportunity for them to exchange their experience．‎ 这将是他们交流经验的好机会。‎ ‎④He has no worries, only himself to provide for．‎ 他无忧无虑，只需要养活自己。‎ ‎⑤We must provide for the future．‎ 我们应该为将来做准备。‎ ‎5.incident，accident 这两个词都含有“事件”的意思，incident通常指大事件中较小的事件、小插曲或人生中所碰到的虽小但留下较深印象的平凡事件。它还用来指政治上具有影响的事态或事件，如战争、叛乱等。‎ eg．①xi’an Incident happened on December12, 1936.‎ 西安事变发生在‎1936年12月12日。‎ accident通常指不幸的意外事件，如车祸、摔伤、砸伤等，多是无意或偶然造成的。‎ ‎②My father told me of an incident that took place on his first day at school in Mr Grossett’s class．‎ 我父亲给我讲了他第一天上克罗塞特先生的课时发生的一件事。‎ ‎③There was an accident this morning-a car ran against a tree．‎ 今天早晨出了一起车祸--一辆小汽车撞到了一棵树上。 ‎ ‎6.trial and error反复试验；不断摸索 eg. Though trial and error, I have made the following decisions. 经过反复实验，我得出如下结论。‎ ‎7.now that 既然；由于=since eg. ①Now that you are grown up, you should not depend on your parents.‎ 既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。‎ ‎②Now that he is well again, he can go on with his English study．‎ 既然恢复了健康，他就可以继续学习英语。‎ ‎8.remain，stay，leave的基本区别。‎ ‎①表示其他人或物已离开原地，这时的“保留”要用remain而不用stay。‎ eg. Comrade Chen Yi remained to direct the battle 陈毅司令留下指挥战斗。‎ Much work remains to be done．‎ 有很多工作需要干。‎ ‎②若表示人“继续停留”或物“继续存在”时两词可互换。‎ eg. The temperature remains/stay low．‎ ‎③表示“暂住”“暂留”或不与其它人比较时，用stay而不用remain．‎ eg. I stay in my uncle’s last month．‎ ‎④leave一般只指把某物留给某人或某物“忘”在某地。‎ eg. Don’t leave today’s work till tomorrow．‎ 不要把今天的工作留到明天去做。‎ I left my umbrella in the office．‎ 我把伞忘在办公室了。‎ ‎⑤做定语表示“剩下的”时，用remaining作前置定语；left作后置定语。‎ eg．Those who come late many take the remaining books．I hear there are a few copies left．‎ ‎9．pick up的主要含义 ‎①pick up表示“接收”(信号)“听到”(信号)‎ eg．It’s necessary to use a short-wave radio to pick up(=receive)these programmes．‎ 必须用短波收音机来接收这些节目。‎ My radio can pick up(=receive)the Voice of America very clearly．‎ 我的收音机能清楚地收到“美国之音”。‎ We picked up(=heard)a voice for help from the burning house．‎ 我们听到那着火的房子里有人喊救命。‎ ‎②pick up表示“捡起”，‎ eg. She picked up a wallet and decided to turn it in first．‎ 她捡到一个钱包，决定先把它上交。‎ The monkey picked up a big stone and quickly climbed up the tree．‎ 猴子捡起一块石头，很快爬上了树。‎ ‎③pick up表示“(用车)接”‎ Please send a car and pick me up at the hospital．‎ 请派车到医院接我。‎ On her way back home from work，she picked up her little daughter from the nursery．‎ 她下班回家的路上，到幼儿园接了她的女儿。‎ The bus stopped to pick up more passengers．‎ 汽车停下来让更多的乘客搭车。‎ ‎④pick up的其它几个意思。‎ When did you pick up(=get)that book/your excellent English/the habit/such ideas?‎ 你是在什么时候搞到那本书/学了这么好的英语/染上这种习惯/开始有这些思想的?‎ The driver picked up(=increased)the speed．‎ 驾驶员加快了速度。‎ Let’s pick up(=start again)where we stopped last time．‎ 我们从上次结束的地方开始。‎ ‎10. …倍数+比较+than+…‎ ‎ …倍数+as+ adj.(adv.)原级+as ‎ …倍数+the size(height，length，width etc．)+of…‎ eg. ①The number of student in their school is three times larger than that in ours．‎ ‎②The new macihine costs twice as much as the old one． ‎ ‎③The building being built over there is five times the height of this old one．‎ allow vt．允许；准许 allow/permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 ‎11. allow/permit(sb’s)doing sth．允许(某人)做某事 allow sb．sth．允许某人某事 allow sb．in(out)允许某人进入(出去)‎ 典题 The manager has to improve the working conditions in the company．‎ A. accepted B. allowed C. permitted D. agreed 点拨 A项不接不定式。B项allow不接to do而说allow doing或allow sb．to d0 sth．C项allow相同。agree to do sth．同意做某事。‎ Key： D ‎12. adjust…to…适应于……‎ eg．①He adjusted the telescope to his eye．‎ 他调好望远镜使适合眼睛观看。‎ ‎②She adjusted the seat to the height of her child．‎ 她调好座椅使适合孩子的身高。‎ ‎③He soon adjusted to school life．‎ 他不久就适应了学校生活。‎ ‎④The body quickly adjusts itself to changes of emperature．‎ 身体能很快地自行调节以适应温度的变化。‎ ‎ ⑤You must adjust yourself to new circumstances．‎ ‎ 你必须使自己适应新环境。‎ ‎13. compete for竞争，对抗 eg. ①They competed against(with)each other for the prize．‎ ‎ 他们为奖品而互相竞争。‎ ‎ ②Five countries are competing for the bid of the Olympics．‎ ‎ 有5个国家竞争奥运会主办权。‎ reward’ award ‎14. reward因为有词缀re— (再，回报，重复)，所以它比较强调“回报”这个意思。award的义项相对简单，主要是“奖品，奖金，奖状”的意思 eg．①This is a work without hope of reward．‎ ‎ 这是一份没有希望获得报偿的工作。‎ ‎ ②One reward of my job is meeting with people．‎ ‎ 我在工作中的一个收获是能够认识许多人。‎ ‎ ③She showed us the athletics award she ad won．‎ ‎ 她给我们看她赢得的体育运动奖。‎ Units 19—20‎ Ⅱ．重点词组 have(show)mercy on(to)sb/be in envy of(at)/to envy sb. sth/be blessed with/God bless you/do justice to/in order to/in order that/well done/Good work/throughout the world/aU over the world/be proud of/take pride in/promise to do sth/play the role/part of/play an important role/part in/date back to/tend to/belong to/at least/link...with/dig up/have a hand in/in terms of/remind sb of sth/it is no use/no good+ doing.../prefer doing to doing/would rather do…than do…/prefer to do...rather than do/in the eye of/tear up/offer up/pay back/as far as 重点难点整合 ‎ sth. cust(sb.)time(money)‎ ‎ sth. cost sb. sth．使某人失去……‎ ‎1. the cost of living(the living costs)生活费用 ‎ at all costs不惜一切代价 ‎ at the cost of sth. 以牺牲……为代价 at any cost不惜代价 ‎ count the cost考虑一切后果 cost price进货价格，成本 ‎ 我的金项链花了2500元。‎ ‎ I bought the gold necklace for 2500 yuan．‎ ‎ My gold necklace Cost me 2500 yuan．‎ ‎ It took me 2500 yuan to buy the gold necklace．‎ ‎ I paid 2500 yuan for the gold necklace．‎ ‎ I spent 2500 yuan on the gold neckace．‎ 典题 His careless driving him his life．‎ A.cost C.paid 点拨 句中意义为“使……失去”，B、C、D没有这种意义。如：The war cost the old lady two Sons．战争使这位老大娘失去两个儿子。‎ Key：A ‎ value ‎2．(1)be of great(much) importance ‎ use help ‎ valuable ‎ =be very important ‎ useful ‎ helpful ‎ (be of+抽象名词=be+名词的形容词形式)‎ ‎(2) be of a(n)/the same(“属于，归于”，这类抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式)‎ be of the size/weight/height/ age/ colour/kind/type of...，和……同样……‎ eg．The two are of the same age，but are of different heights．‎ 典题 This dictionary is to my translation，but that one is ．‎ ‎ A．great help；helpless B．a great help；of no use ‎ C．important；of few importance D．very helpful；of no any use 点拨 C、D中的few和any用错，可排除。若选A，则应为is of great help。注意以下三句都对：‎ of great help．‎ the dictionary is very helpful．字典很有帮助。‎ a great help．‎ Key：B on one condition有一个条件 on condition that相当于only if ,if, as long as ‎3． on no condition决不 ‎ in good condition状况良好 ‎ out of condition出毛病(故障)‎ eg．①1 will lend my bike to him on condition that he must return it before dark．‎ ‎ 只要他在天黑前把自行车还给我，我就把车子借给他。‎ ‎ ②You may borrow the book on condition that you don’t lend it to others．‎ ‎ 只要你不把这书借给其他人我就可以把它借给你。‎ ‎ ③I’ll lend you the money on condition that you pay it back in one month．‎ ‎ 只要一个月内你能把钱还给我，我就借给你。‎ ‎ ④On no condition do I make an apology to him．‎ ‎ 我决不向他道歉。‎ ‎ ⑤On no condition can you travel alone．‎ ‎ 你决不能独自一人旅行。‎ ‎ ⑥The machine is ‎ ‎ in good condition．机器状况良好。‎ ‎ out of condition．机器出了故障。‎ ‎ for oneself独自，亲自，为自已(表示靠自己的力量；为着本人的某种需要)‎ ‎ by oneself独立，独自(表示无助，无伴)‎ ‎4 to oneself独自享用，对自己(表示无他人共用)‎ ‎ of oneself独自，自动地(表机动)‎ ‎ beside oneself忘我，发狂 ‎ come to oneself苏醒 ‎ talk say to oneself心里想 ‎ eg．①One should not live for oneself alone．‎ ‎ 人不应该专为自己而活。‎ ‎ ②The box is too heavy for me to lift by myself．‎ ‎ 那个箱子太重，我一个提不起。‎ ‎ ③When one dines in a restaurant，one likes a table to oneself．‎ ‎ 人们在饭店吃饭时，喜欢独占一张桌子。‎ ‎ ④The door opened of itself．‎ ‎ 门自己开了。‎ 典题 You should think yourself instead of just obeying orders．‎ ‎ A．of ‎ C．by 点拨 理解本题的关键在于think“思考”，是“独自地，靠自己地”。而不在于“不依靠别人帮助思考”之意。故C不能选。而A、B与题意相差更远。‎ Key：D ‎ be in love with爱上……，喜欢上……‎ ‎ fall in love with ‎ have a love for/of对……十分爱好 ‎ 5． for love出于喜爱，无酬地 ‎ for the love of...为……起见 ‎ give/send one’s love to…向……致意/问好 eg. ①He was in love with her．‎ ‎ 他爱上了她。‎ ‎ ②Tom is in love with Helen．‎ ‎ 汤姆爱上海伦。‎ ‎ ③He had never been in love before．‎ ‎ 他以前没谈过恋爱。‎ ‎ ④If you’re really in love with study，you don't mind hard work．‎ ‎ 如果你真的爱学习就不应怕苦。‎ ‎ ⑤I fell in love with the flat at the first glance．‎ ‎ 我一眼就喜欢上了这间公寓。‎ ‎ ⑥He fell in love with her at the first sight．‎ ‎ 他与她一见钟情。‎ ‎6．trade with...与……做生意，与……交换 eg. ①Britain trades with may European countries．‎ ‎ 英国同许多欧洲国家贸易。‎ ‎ ②They have been trading with that company for more than five years．‎ ‎ 他们同那家公司做了五年多的生意了。‎ ‎ ③She traded seats with him．‎ ‎ 她和他对换了座位。‎ ‎7．in modern times现代，近代 ‎ ①The first Olympic Games in modern times were held in ‎1896 in Greece．‎ ‎ 现代历史上第一次奥林匹克运动会于1896年在希腊举行。‎ ‎ time指“时期”“时代”时常用复数times．‎ ‎ in ancient times古代 ‎ in these times在当今 ‎ in recent times最近时期，近来(相当于recently)‎ ‎ ②Times are different．时代不同了。‎ ‎ ③However，in recent times the “old-age pen-sion” has only been paid to the poorest people．‎ ‎ 然而，最近一个时期，养老金只付给最穷的人。‎ ‎8. to one’s surprise(=to the surprise of)使某人感到惊奇的是 to one’s delight(=to the delight of)使……高兴的是 to one’s joy(=to the joy of)使……高兴的是 to one’s sorrow(=to the Sorrow of)使……悲伤的是 典题 of his friends，he has recovered．‎ ‎ A．To their much delight B．To the much delight ‎ C．To much their delight D．Much to the delight 点拨 “使……高兴(吃惊)”的表达法是to one’s delight(surprise)；程度副词much/greatly应位于to之前，形容词great放在名词前，物主代词后。‎ Key：D ‎9．transport．traffic ‎ transport作“交通”讲，实指运输工具，而traffic之“交通”指路上的行人车马，着重数量的多少，故“交通拥挤”、“交通中断”中的交通都该用traffic一词。‎ eg．①Trains transport the coal to the ports．‎ ‎ 火车把煤运到港口。‎ ‎ ②The development of modern means of transport has greatly promoted trade．‎ ‎ 现代交通方式的发展极大地促进了贸易。‎ ‎10．create，invent ‎ 这两个词虽都表示新事物的促成，但从汉语释义上看，前者是创造，后者是发明，不易混淆：‎ eg．The novelist creates a unique view of life．‎ ‎ 小说家创造出一种独树一帜的人生观。‎ ‎ invent常用于科技文章中：‎ eg．①Edison inventive the light bulb．‎ ‎ 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。‎ ‎ ②The noise created a disturbance．‎ ‎ 那响声引起了一场骚乱。‎ ‎ ③The queen created the man a knight．‎ ‎ 女王把那个人封为爵士。‎ ‎ ④His work created enormous interest in England．‎ ‎ 他的作品在英格兰引起很大关注。‎ have mercy on／upon对……表示同情，对……有怜悯之心 ‎11． =show mercy to…表示怜悯 ‎ at the mercy of任由……摆布，在……掌握之中 eg．The oppressed people were ruled without mercy in the old day．‎ ‎12．in terms of用……的话，以……的措词；关于：‎ eg．①The manager referred to your work in terms of high praise．‎ ‎ 经理对你的工作大加赞扬。‎ ‎ ②It is a small county both in terms of size and population．‎ ‎ 就面积和人口而论，它属于一个小国。‎ ‎ ‎