高考完形填空超实用解题技巧 19页

完形填空解题技巧 一、完形填空常见体裁 ‎（一）记叙文——情节性 ‎ 核心：故事的展开。做题：明确事件内容、理清故事发展线索。‎ ‎（二）说明文——条理性 ‎ 了解主题明确条理是关键。认知过程从段落、分层次、分要点等逐步展开。‎ ‎（三）议论文——逻辑性 了解观点（论点）和论据（道理）。‎ ‎（四）常见题材 ‎ 社会生活、人物传记、科技文化、历史地理、政治经济。平时要广闻博览、针对性阅读，丰富阅读面。‎ ‎1. 通常从一篇250词左右，夹叙夹议的文章中设空20个，首句不挖空；‎ ‎2. 考点层次可分为四类：单词层次，词组层次，句子层次与语篇层次，突出语篇的理解，突出文化背景;‎ ‎3. 干扰项设计严密，一般说来，四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后在语法上并不存在错误，对考生有很大的迷惑作用。‎ 其实只要我们有信心，有良好的心理素质，再加上一定的技巧，完型填空并不是不可逾越的鸿沟。 　　1、平心静气不急不躁 　　2、浏览全文把握大意 　　3、识别短语注意搭配 　　一类短语是由动词+介词，或动词+副词构成，如break the ice，look forward to，keep an eye on，catch one's eye等;还有一类使用极广的是介词短语，如at the age of等。如果平时能注意词组、短语的整体记忆，掌握它们的搭配规律，在做完型填空时就能得心应手，减少失误，提高完型填空的命中率。 　　4、运用语法理顺关系 　　语法知识是指导完型填空的法宝，词汇是根据语法规则确定各自的位置，有了语法规则文章才能有条不紊、顺理成章。‎ ‎5、遇到难词反复默念 　　先从语法角度考虑，再从逻辑角度考虑是否有隐含意思、作者的情感以及背景文化和习俗等。‎ ‎　　6、细心检查避免疏漏 解题步骤 ‎1、浏览全文,掌握文章的中心及脉络.‎ a. 应用阅读技能,进行缺词阅读.‎ b. 注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句.‎ ‎2、分段落实,逐个填空.‎ a. 先填上固定搭配与习惯表达,基本句型等较容易的空格.‎ b. 对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲,力争突破难点.‎ ‎3. 通读全文,检查核对.‎ ‎　1. 跳读首尾句进行预测 ‎   一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who,what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味；若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。‎ ‎   首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索。‎ ‎   Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist (打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability.‎ ‎   本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员EvelynGlennie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想EvelynGlennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，Evelyn Glennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。‎ ‎2.利用语法分析解题 ‎   完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如：‎ ‎   ___51___do you suppose he asked for them?‎ ‎   51. A. What    B. How     C. Who     D. Which ‎  【解析】本题中，do you suppose为插入成分。he asked for them是一个相对独立和完整的句子，因此空格处应该用副词How来修饰谓语动词asked，而不能用代词What, Who或 Which。‎ ‎  ___8___ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job.‎ ‎  8. A. Because  B. While     C. If     D. Since ‎ 【解析】根据后面的I had been born in the 16th century可知这只是个假设，是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用if引导。‎ ‎3.利用固定搭配解题 ‎  完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。如：‎ ‎  They couldn’t read or write. They didn’t like to work and they never ‎___12___ baths.‎ ‎ 12. A. took    B. washed    C. ran    D. covered ‎ 【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配take a bath，意为“洗澡”。‎ I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was useless and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be ___2___ but a failure.”2. A. anything  B. something   C. everything    D. nothing ‎  【解析】本题考查习语anything but，意为“决不”“根本不”，即校长认为我肯定是一个失败的人。‎ ‎4.利用固定句型解题 ‎  ‎ 完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解，但同时也会考到一些固定句型，考生掌握好这些句型，对确定题目的答案很有帮助。如：‎ ‎ I haven’t had a phone in the house for three weeks now, and it’s several ‎ days ___19___ I used a phone box.‎ ‎  19. A. as B. when    C. if D. Since ‎ 【解析】本题考查的是it’s…since…句型，意为“自从……已(多长时间了)”。这句话的意思是“自从我上次打投币电话已经有好几天了”。‎ It wasn’t long ___18___the police caught the thief.‎ 18. A. after     B. when  C. before    D. Until ‎ 【解析】It wasn’t long before…是常用句型，意为“不久就……”。这里说的是不久警察就把小偷捉到了。‎ ‎“Why ___14___ you take a big man with you? You have to fight the sailor ‎  who is drunk.”‎ ‎ 14. A. don’t    B. couldn’t    C. can’t   D. do ‎【解析】Why don’t you do sth?是表示建议的固定句型，意为“为何不……？”。‎ ‎5.利用复现信息解题 ‎  语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。如：‎ ‎ First of all, I respected his ___3___ to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered, students crowded into his classroom.‎ ‎3. A. attention  B. introduction   C. relation   D. devotion ‎  【解析】空格后面的句子说到教授的讲座准备充分、讲解清楚（well-prepared and clearly delivered），由此可知教授为教育做出了很大的贡献，devotion to sth意为“对……贡献……”，与下文相通。‎ I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ___44___, dressed ‎ neatly.‎ ‎ A. roommate   B. classmate  C. neighbor   D. companion ‎【分析】名词同现，空格前出现了room, furniture, curtains, a TV等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。‎ ‎6.利用跳读法解题 一般而言，完形填空要填的20空中总有一些空是相对简单的。‎ 对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来，之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。如：‎ ‎“Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide-awake at once. He___1___ up and looked ‎ around. A short distance away, a group of___2___ stood quietly watching ‎ us. One of them ___3___ walking toward us. We both jumped to our ___4___‎ ‎ not knowing what to expect.‎ ‎   1. A. sat  B. stayed     C. thought   D. put ‎  2. A. pilots  B. natives   C. editors   D. assistants ‎  3. A. avoided B. delayed    C. began      D. desired ‎  4. A. boat    B. car     C. horses     D. feet ‎  【解析】在通读全文的第一遍中，我们可以很容易地将第四空填出来，这是固定搭配jump to one’s feet ‎ (跳起来)；由此也可推出第三空的答案，因为有人开始向“我们”走了过来，所以“我们”才跳了起来；再根据第一空前面的wide-awake可知，此处指的应该是“我和Josh完全清醒，坐起来，环顾四周”，所以第一空的答案为A；最后，根据句首Visitors可推知第二空的答案为B。‎ ‎7.巧用排除法解题 ‎  在有些情况下，考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用，缩小选择的范围，提高正确率。如：‎ The woman looked carefully at me ___5___ through her glasses, and then ‎  questioned me in a low voice.‎ ‎ 5. A. as usual   B. for a while   C. in a minute   D. once again ‎【解析】这篇文章讲述的是没有工作经验的作者找到工作的故事。此题的解题关键词是carefully，既然是“认真地看”，就不会是in a minute(立刻、马上)；既然互不相识，作者也未曾去找过工作，不会是as usual(像往常一样)；前面没说已经打量过作者一次了，所以用once again(再一次)是不合理的。‎ ‎  He put the books into the return box. And after a brief ___6___ in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to meet Eric.‎ ‎6. A. rest B. break    C. walk     D. stop ‎ 【解析】此题答案为D。人不可能在厕所里休息（rest, break）或是散步（walk），由此排除另外三个选项。‎ ‎  When I started playing ___19___ him, he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous.‎ ‎  19. A. at  B. by    C. for     D. around ‎   【解析】此题用排除法，by 和around都有“在……旁边”的意思，要选都要选，故排除这两个答案，play at后接游戏名，是“做……游戏”的意思，也可排除。故答案为C。‎ ‎8.利用逻辑关系解题 ‎  尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。‎ ‎ (1) 句中逻辑关系 ‎   Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and___45___nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.‎ ‎   45. A. mostly   B. partly   C. sometimes   D. rarely ‎   【解析】短文中的usually和and是本题逻辑推理的线索。And前后构成了并列关系，即and前的 usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ‎ 这些维生素成分和and 后面的 nitrogen 成分形成并列关系，相应修饰carbon, hydrogen,‎ oxygen 的usually必然和修饰 nitrogen的45空的词构成一一对应的逻辑关系。鉴于此，在45空考虑填入的应是和usually相对应的频度副词，而语义与usually略有不同。mostly和partly都表示了部分、量的含义，与频度无关。rarely(很少地，罕有地)虽表示了频度关系，但其意义与usually相反，不符合一一对应的一致性，因此排除。只有C项sometimes(不时，有时)恰到好处地表示了and前后两部分的逻辑对应。故选C。‎ (2) 句间逻辑关系 ‎ 在此，我们发现所谓逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间表现出来。如：Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. ___13___, she encourages them to get ___14___ ways to do business.‎ ‎ 13. A. Still    B. Yet   C. Instead   D. While ‎  【解析】根据前后句子的意思可推出两句间的逻辑关系是转折，意思是“Old Mr ‎ Cleveland把工人用带子捆绑起来(没有任何自由)，而她不那样，相反(instead)她鼓励雇员”。There is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, ___1___ would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the various areas of human activity.1. A. therefore B. however  C. moreover D. otherwise ‎   【解析】第一句讲各科艺术间是分离的，但后文讲的却是它们之间有很大的关联。however的意思是“然而”，表示转折，符合下文。故本题答案为however。‎ ‎(3)段间逻辑关系这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如：Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, ___29___, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the ‎ media was not immediately apparent.‎ ‎  29. A. indeed   B. hence   C. however    D. therefore ‎  【解析】这里有两种情况，第一可能是第二段前后的逻辑体现；第二就是段落的前后衔接。但是，这个题出现在第二段的第一句，那么，从完形填空注重逻辑关系的命题思路来看，我们优先考虑第二种情况。前段末句意为“不是每个人都能够正确看待这个进程”。而第二段首句为“大家普遍认为”，显然这两者之间存在了逻辑意义上的相反，此处可能体现了一种转折关系。故选C。‎ ‎9.巧用背景常识解题 ‎  解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，还需要把读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑，最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。如：‎ ‎ After ___2___ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of ‎ themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.‎ ‎   2. A. growing  B. putting    C. planting   D. laying ‎   【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案为plant。‎ ‎   Salina Joe began to ___2___ when she was one-year old.‎ ‎   2. A. say B. cry  C. sing    D. talk ‎   【解析】根据常识判断，婴儿在一岁的时候应该是开始学说话，而不是学哭或学唱歌，故答案只能在A、D之间选出。又因为say是及物动词，其后面需接宾语，而talk是不及物动词，其后不需要接宾语，故正确答案为D。‎ ‎   Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to 30 A. check    B.read    C. keep   D.sign ‎  【解析】外国人早上有读报的习惯，题中的paper指的是报纸，这是理解本文细节的关键，有了这些文化背景知识，可迅速推断出正确答案为B。‎ ‎ Owning springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly ‎ in the 37 areas like the desert.‎ ‎    37. A. dry B. distant C. deserted D. wild ‎    【解析】我们知道，沙漠以“干旱”著称，有了这点常识，不难得出本题的答案为A。‎ ‎10.利用对比结构解题 ‎  对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。如：‎ ‎  A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and___59___room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.‎ ‎ 59. A. furnished    B. expensive   C. comfortable  D. suitable ‎ 【分析】本题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。‎ ‎   f he did not know them, he would greet them with a few words about the weather, ___15___ he did, he would ask about their families or make ‎ ‎ ___16___, always cutting his cloth ___17___ his customers.‎ ‎   15. A. and then B. and so C. even if     D. but if ‎   【解析】本题考查了相似句型的对比关系。空格处要填的部分与前部分if he did not know them形成对比，这句话的大意是说：如果店主认识那些顾客了，就会询问他们的家庭或是开些玩笑。‎ ‎11.利用平行结构解题 ‎  ‎ 平行结构指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。高考完形填空短文常常会出现这样一些平行结构，掌握这些结构极为相似的句子可大大提高我们的解题效率。如：‎ ‎  Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They ‎  say that it is___51___for children to work at home in their free time.‎ ‎ ___52___, they argue that most teachers do not___53___ plan the homework tasks they give to pupils.‎ ‎      51. A. unnecessary  B. uninteresting  C. unfortunate D. unimportant ‎      52. A. Nevertheless  B. however   C. Therefore  D. Moreover ‎      53. A. considerably  B. favorably   C. properly  D. pleasantly ‎ 【解析】排比结构由Many people think that...They say that...they argue ‎  that...所组成。在意义上表现了人们（学生家长）对学生课业负担过重的抱怨。该结构中所设置的三个空格的正确填入，要求考生首先把握结构所体现的“主题”—— 抱怨作业太多。其次，要求考生理解三句之间在表达意义上的递进关系。即：作业过多“too much homework”；所以，课余学生在家做作业是没必要的“unnecessary”；不仅如此，教师对作业的设计也不合适“not ‎ properly”。故答案分别为A、D、C。‎ Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them ___42___ and active.‎ ‎  42. A. alive   B. vivid    C. mobile    D. diverse ‎  【解析】因空格处与and后面的active是平行的，所以答案为与active意思相近的alive。‎ ‎12.利用暗示和对应解题 ‎  如： ...he would join student groups to discuss a variety of ___47___:‎ agriculture, diving and mathematics.‎ ‎  47. A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents ‎  【解析】此题后面的冒号部分有提示：agriculture，diving and mathematics是他们谈话讨论的话题，由此可得出本题的答案为B。‎ ‎  Everybody moved quickly in order to ___6___ the seats they wanted. I was ___7___ to get a seat near the tail, but…‎ ‎  6. A. fetch       B. hold    C. keep D. get ‎      【解析】本题的答案可由后面的get a seat得出。‎ ‎      13. 根据文章的感情色彩解题 ‎     弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。如：‎ ‎      When Ed first phoned and ___37___(suggested) we play, I 1aughed quietly,‎ ‎      figuring on an ___38___(easy) victory. After all, Ed’s idea of ___ 39___‎ ‎      (exercise) has always been nothing more ___40___(effort-making) than ‎      lifting a fork to his mouth. ___41___(As long as) I can remember, Ed’s ‎      been the least physically fit member in the family, and ‎      ___42___(strangely) proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned ‎      out between his T-shirt and trousers.‎ ‎      【解析】读这一部分，我们明显看到作者是看不清Ed的，用词有laughed, victory, nothing more than, least ‎      fit, strangely, big stomach等。在这样的描述下，人们就会很容易地想到， “我”与Ed比赛，那简直易如反掌(an easy ‎      victory)，在“我”眼中他那么差，然而他却以自己为自豪，我们怎么会觉得不奇怪(strangely)呢？因此从对人物反面的描述，我们得出这些答案就不难了。‎ ‎      I was so surprised that I was ___47___(speechless). My cousin must have ‎      made an effort to get himself into shape. ___48___(As a result), at the ‎      point in our game when I’d have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in ‎      my favor, it was ___49___(instead) 7 to 9 and Ed was  50  (leading).‎ ‎      【解析】surprised 一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effort，get into shape ‎      等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead 都是由惊讶得出的。‎ ‎      The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. ___1___‎ ‎      homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t ‎      possibly ___2___. To help homeless people___3___independence, the federal ‎      government must support job training programs, ___4___the minimum wage,‎ ‎      and fund more low-cost housing.‎ ‎      考生要看懂第一话，为了帮助the homeless，所以选项必须全部支持这个主题，要选择与主题态度相关的词。‎ ‎14. 综合利用各种线索解题 ‎      完形填空题主要考查短文阅读理解的能力。因此考生必须阅读全文，弄清句子与句子之间的关系，准确理解全文。为了答好题，考生必须从字里行间寻找能够利用的线索。如书写和形态变化线索(graphic ‎      and morphological clues)、词汇线索(lexical clues)、句法线索(syntactical ‎      clues)、社会文化线索(socio-cultural clues)，并根据有关的线索进行猜测，作出合理的判断。如：‎ ‎      And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine o’clock three ‎      days from that day… Since he was ___44___ in three days, Andy didn’t lose ‎      anytime.‎ ‎       44. A. moving  B. returning  C. staying  D. leaving ‎      【解析】单从这句来看，考生实难判断出正确答案，但如果结合前文，就可以找到设空部分的解题线索——上文中出现的词汇leaving。故本题答案为D。‎ ‎      有时题目的答案在短文中就有出现，如能找出线索，解题就易如反掌。如：‎ ‎      Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger ‎      children and ask them to rethink their  12    .     ‎ ‎ A. exercises    B. defects    C. mistakes    D. tests ‎      【解析】许多专家认为家长应简单地看看孩子的作业，并让他们自己重新思考自己做的练习。能与句中work照应的只有选项A。‎ ‎15. 利用文化背景和生活常识 ‎ 高考完形填空往往以自身的内容提供相对完整的语篇信息,但其间交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识和常识,如文化,风俗,生活常识以及科学知识等.考生在做题时可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识,并注意中西方文化方面存在的差异将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,顺理成章的选出正确的答案.‎ ‎16借助语法知识: 要针对常考语法项目认真准备。‎ ‎ 1.名词单复数 ‎ arm---arms; glass---glasses; time---times; paper---papers;fruit---fruits; food---foods; silk---silks; fish---fishes.‎ ‎ 2.形容词和副词的一般级、比较级和最高级 ‎ 同级：as/ so…as; not so … as；not as…as…‎ 比较：twice, four times, ten times等 与as…as结构a bit, a little, slightly, a great deal, a lot, many, much=不定量； far, completely, still=程度进一步—‎ 最高：one of…of/ among all +三者以上名词/代词 ‎3.动词的时态和语态 ‎ 全文时态、上下文关系以及时间状语很重要。‎ ‎4.分词结构和动词不定式 ‎ 现在分词和过去分词：主动和被动；现在和完成, 作状语。表示时间、原因、条件、伴随；也可作定语修饰名词；注意分词和逻辑主语搭配。‎ ‎17.利用语篇标志 语篇指比句子长的语言单位,语篇标志指语篇之间有内在联系的词语.常见的语篇标志语有:‎ 因果：as a result, consequently, thus, therefore, for this reason, for that reason, because of, on account of, so that, due to, owing to…‎ 列举：for instance, for example, that is , namely, specifically, one example is , such as…‎ 递进：not only…but also,,,. as well as, moreover, besides, and, neither…nor…, both…and… ‎ 比较：compare with / to, like, in the same way, similarly, unlike, as well as, by contrast…‎ 对比：although, while, but, but at the same time, despite, even so, even though, for all that, however, in contrast, in spite of , nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, regardless, still, though, yet…‎ 转折：but, however, on the other hand, nevertheless, whereas, whereas, while, yet, still, although, even though,in spite of…‎ 强调：indeed, certainly, above all, in addition, in fact, after all, especially, (in) particular (ly), it is true, of course…‎ 条件：if, in case, suppose, provided that, as long as…‎ 时间：after that, from now on, next, from then on, first,then, secondly, finally, former, previous, meantime, since, since then, after a while, soon, as soon as, before, earlier, until, immediately, in the past, lately, now , shortly, so far, when…‎ 空间：over, above, inside, outside, beside, across, between, before, below, close to, in front of, in the center of, nearby,near to, on top of, on the other side, opposite to, to the east,to the left…‎ 顺序：again, also, and, and then, besides, equally important, finally, first, further, further more, in addition, in the first place, last, moreover, next, second, still, too…‎ 总结：in short, in a word, to sum up, in conclusion, in other words, in summary, on the whole…‎ ‎【完形填空真题实例分析】（2008年高考英语全国卷I） After the birth of my second child， I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced____1____for a few days， I was____2____to wait tables on my own. All went____3____that first week. When Saturday night came， I was luckily____4____the tables not far from the kitchen，____5____， I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays （托盘）. 　　Before I knew it， the____6____was full of people. I moved slowly，____7____every step. I remember how____8____I was when I saw the tray stand near the tables， it looked different from the one I was____9____on. It had nice handles （手柄）， which made it____10____to move around. I was pleased with everything and began to____11____I was a natural at this job. 　　Then， an old man came to me and said， “Excuse me， dear， my wife and I loved____12____you work. It seems your tray stand has been very____13____to you， but we are getting ready to____14____now， and my ‎ wife needs her____15____back. ” 　　At first his____16____did not get across. “What was he talking about!” Then I got it. I had set my trays on his wife’s orthopedic walker （助步器）. I stood frozen as ice， but my face was____17____ I wanted to get into a hole and____18____. 　　Since then， I have learned from many mistakes such as the one I just____19____. I have learned to be more____20____and not to be too sure of myself. 　　1. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress 　　2. A. promised B. invited C. allowed D. advised 　　3. A. well B. quickly C. safely D. wrong 　　4. A. left B. given C. brought D. shown 　　5. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. finally 　　6. A. kitchen B. street C. restaurant D. table 　　7. A. minding B. changing C. taking D. saving 　　8. A. angry B. calm C. sad D. happy 　　9. A. fixed B. trained C. loaded D. waited 　　10. A. slower B. lighter C. quieter D. easier 　　11. A. believe B. agree C. regret D. pretend 　　12. A. letting B. making C. watching D. having 　　13. A. useful B. familiar C. unusual D. interesting 　　14. A. rest B. order C. eat D. leave 　　15. A. bag B. walker C. tray D. coat 　　16. A. idea B. praise C. message D. need 　　17. A. cold B. full of joy C. pale D. on fire 　　18. A. lie B. hide C. defend D. stay 　　19. A. repeated B. discovered C. corrected D. described 　　20. A. careful B. patient C. honest D.‎ ‎ practical 　　【答案与解析】 　　作者在餐馆工作时，误把别人的助步器当成托盘架使用，这一错误让作者认识到：做事要更细心，不要过于相信自己。 　　1. D。由于刚开始在餐馆里当服务员，所以应先与一个有经验的服务员一起工作。 　　2. C。这里指的是“我”跟着有经验的服务员工作几天后，就可以单独招待客人了。be allowed to do sth 意为“被准许做某事”。 　　3. A。根据下文可知，作者在工作中遇到了一些状况，与之相对，这里是指“在最初的一个星期里我的工作很顺利”。 　　4. B。上文中说到作者可以单独招待客人了，这里指的是作者分配到的餐桌离厨房较近，故用 given。 　　5. B。根据空格后面的句子 I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays 可推知，虽然作者负责的餐桌离厨房较近，但她端着那些沉重的装菜的托盘仍然觉得有点吃力，所以空格前后句之间是转折关系，故用 however。 　　6. C。因为作者是在餐馆工作，所以这里应该是指“餐馆”（restaurant）里坐满了客人。 　　7. A。根据空格前面的 I moved slowly 以及作者前面提到的她端着托盘有点吃力，可推知这里指的是作者每走一步都很小心，即 mind every step。 　　8. D。由于托盘架可减轻劳动强度，作者当然感到高兴。 　　9. B。这里说的是作者看见的托盘架与她平时练习所使用的托盘架不同。即她觉得这个托盘架比通常用的托盘架更好，这从下文可以看出。 　　10. D。根据空格前面的 It had nice handles 以及空格后面的...to move around 可推知此句话的意思是：因为托盘架装有手柄，所以推起来更容易一些。 　　11. A。根据上下文语境可知，这里说的是作者使用托盘架很顺手、很满意，并开始觉得自己天生就是当服务员的好手。 　　12. C。根据下文的 It seems your tray stand has been...可知，这位老人与他的妻子看着作者工作已有一会儿了，故此处用 watch，表示“观看”。 　　13. A。因为上文提到作者使用这个“托盘架”很顺手，所以此处老人的意思是：看来这个“托盘架”对你很有用呀！ 　　14.‎ ‎ D。根据后文可知，作者误把老人妻子的助步器当成托盘架使用了。这里是指老人和他妻子用餐完毕，准备离开餐馆，向作者要回助步器。 　　15. B。参见上面第14题的解析。 　　16. C。根据空格后面的 What was he talking about 可知，作者一开始并没有明白老人话中的意思。 　　17. D。根据空格前面的 frozen as ice 以及 but 可知，此处要填入一个与 ice 相对的词，再根据语境，作者把老人妻子的助步器当成了托盘架，当她意识到这一点的时候，自然会因尴尬而脸红，故答案选 D。 　　18. B。根据空格前面的...to get into a hole 可推知，作者当时觉得很尴尬，恨不得有个洞可以躲进去，故答案选 B。 　　19. D。因本文主要是描述作者在餐馆当服务员时所犯的一个尴尬错误，故答案选 D。 　　20. A。根据上下文语境，作者因为大意而误把别人的助步器当成了托盘架，但她也学到了一条经验：做事要更细心，不要过于相信自己。‎ • ‎1、突出语篇。‎ • ‎(2005NMET)My sister and I grew up in a little village in England.Our father was a struggling 36 , but I always knew he was 37 .… he never criticized us ,but used 38 (praise)to bring out our best …father said: “when I was 23, my dad persuaded me to go into law”.‎ • ‎36.A.biologist B.manager C.lawyer D.gardener • ‎37.A.strict B.honest C.special D.learned • ‎2、试题型稳定，选项独具匠心。‎ • ‎(NMET2004)(She said she had a story to tell me-a postal letter carrier) About six months 3 it seemed that I had 4 a letter to her which had her street 5 on it but was addressed to another house with the 6 number on a different street in the neighborhood. ‎ • ‎3. A.after B.earlier C.later D.ago ‎ • ‎4. A.sent B.written C.delivered D. given ‎ • ‎5. A mark B.sign C.board D.number ‎ • ‎6. A.correct B.wrong C.same D.different • ‎6、长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂。‎ • ‎(NMET(1)2005)(when I was wait my food in a familiar restaurant) The man had a news paper 38 in front of him ,which he was 39 to read , but I could 40 that he was keeping an eye on me .When the waiter brought my 41 the man was clearly puzzled by the 42 way in which the waiter and I 43 each other .‎ • ‎38.A.flat B. open C.cut D.fixed ‎