高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题目15 11页

‎2014高考英语阅读理解基础二轮训练题（15）及答案 阅读理解-------A ‎“America’s No.1 Health Problem.” So reads the headline of an article published by the American Institute of Stress that claims the biggest threat to health today is neither cancer nor AIDS. The report says: “It has been estimated（估计）that 75 to 90 percent of all visits to primary care physicians are for stress related problems.” ‎ It is no exaggeration（夸张）to say that people today are being attacked by stress. According to the National Consumers League, “Work is the top source of stress for adults who have problems and stress in their lives (39%), followed by family (30%). Other sources include health (10%), concern about the economy (9%) and concern about international conflict and terrorism (4%).”‎ However, stress is hardly unique to the United States. A British survey in 2005 estimated that “over half a million individuals in Britain believed in 2004 that they were experiencing work-related stress at a level that was making them ill.” As a result of “work-related stress, depression or anxiety,” there are “an estimated thirteen and a half million reported lost working days per year in Britain.” ‎ The picture is no less bleak in mainland Europe. According to the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, “work-related stress has been shown to affect millions of European workers across all types of employment sectors.” One survey revealed that there are “about 41 million workers affected by work-related stress each year.” ‎ What about Asia? A report issued by a conference held in Tokyo concluded: “Job stress is a common concern among many countries in the world, both developing and industrialized countries.” The report observed that “several countries in East Asia, including China and Korea, have rapidly industrialized and economically grown. These countries now have a lot of concerns on job stress and its harmful effects ‎ on workers’ health.” ‎ ‎1. The author quoted “America’s No.1 Health Problem.” (Para. 1) in order to ______. ‎ A. talk about health problems in America ‎ B. introduce the topic of stress ‎ C. emphasize the stress in America ‎ D. tell readers something about American Institute of Stress ‎ 答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。本文的内容是为了揭示世界上人们的工作压力非常大，对健康造成了威胁，因此作者在开头使用“America’s No.1 Health Problem”是为了引入压力的话题，故答案为B。[来源:]‎ ‎2. From the passage we can learn that . ‎ A. both cancer and AIDS are not as serious as the threat of stress to health[来源:]‎ B. stress is mainly from working and living pressure C. Americans never care about international conflict and terrorism D. people in mainland Europe are more optimistic than English people 答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节推理题。由第二段 “Work is the top source of stress for adults who have problems and stress in their lives (39%), followed by family (30%). Other sources include health (10%), concern about the economy (9%) and concern about international conflict and terrorism (4%).” 可知，工作和家庭生活中的压力比重最大，故B选项正确，C选项错误。‎ 由第一段 “America’s No.1 Health Problem.” So reads the headline of an article published by the American Institute of Stress that claims the biggest threat to health today is neither cancer nor AIDS.”可知，癌症和艾滋病没有压力带给健康的威胁那么严重的情况是在美国，不具有普遍性，故A选项错误。第三段揭示了英国人的工作压力非常大，第四段的首句理解是关键 “The picture is no less bleak in mainland Europe.” 意为“欧洲大陆的情况依旧不容乐观”，故D选项错误。‎ ‎3. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______. ‎ A. Asian people are more willing to develop their countries B. the rapid economic development is the main reason for stress ‎ C. some people in Asian countries have health problems from employment stress ‎ D. Asian countries have a better situation of stress than Europe ‎ 答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。最后一段揭示了亚洲的压力情况，由该段的最后一句话 “These countries now have a lot of concerns on job stress and its harmful effects on workers’ health.” 可知，一些亚洲国家的工作压力也影响了人们的健康，故C选项正确，B选项错误，经济发展不是压力的主要原因，压力来自工作。A、D选项未提，均不选。‎ ‎4. What’s the main subject of the passage? ‎ A. Stress attacking health. B. How to deal with stress.‎ C. A survey on working stress. D. Health problems around the world.‎ 答案解析：答案为A。本题考查文章的主题。全文揭示了在美国，欧洲，亚洲人们的工作压力对健康造成了威胁，故答案为A。‎ 阅读理解-----------C ‎ Have you got any wonderful plans for your coming winter vacation? Here are some wonderful films for you to kill time.‎ Away We Go ‎ With a baby on his way, a young couple, Burt and Verona, look at their lives and are puzzled about what they ‎ Orphan ‎ Esther, a bright and well-behaved child, however, is not as innocent as she appears. Soon after being taken home, the peace of her adoptive family is completely changed really want. So they hit the road and seek a place to call home. On their journey, they visit a handful of characters and learned a lot. ‎ It’s about taking the scenic route in life, preparing for the hope and excitement and fear of new beginnings, while never forgetting to look out of the window.‎ You want a good horror film about a child from hell? Then you got one! Do not, in any cases, take children to see it. ‎ ‎500 Days of Summer ‎ Tom is in love with Summer from the moment he sees her. Can he accept that she simply likes him for now, not for forever? The movie is about Tom wrestling with that reality. Tom remembers his love, Summer, as a series of joys and bafflements. But Summer is just herself and he cannot have her. ‎ Here is a rare movie that begins by telling us how it will end and is about how the hero has no idea why.‎ ‎2012‎ The director Roland Emmerich successfully dresses a corny story with an old Mayan prediction, which is believed by many to happen in the coming 2012 and as a result, attracts millions of people into the cinema. It’s just an entertaining Hollywood blockbuster(大片) with plenty of jokes, instead of a description of what the end of the world is really like. Don’t take it too seriously!‎ ‎8. This passage aims to __________.‎ A. make comments on films for a cinema B. introduce films for a film corporation C. recommend several films for fun D. advertise several films for a website ‎9. If you bring your seven-year-old sister to the cinema, which of the following film should you avoid?‎ A. Away We Go. B. Orphan. C. 2012. D. 500 Days of Summer.‎ ‎10. Among all the characters mentioned in the passage, who directed films in Hollywood?‎ ‎ A. Roland Emmerich. B. Tom and Summer. C. Burt and Verona. D. Esther.‎ ‎11. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. Orphan is a comedy about Esther adopted by a kind family.‎ ‎ B. 500 Days of Summer is a romance with a happy ending.‎ ‎ C. Away We Go shows beautiful scenery on the young couple’s journey.‎ D. The ancient Mayan prediction is going to happen in 2012.‎ ‎【参考答案】8—11、CBAC ‎ 阅读理解-----------D What would you do if you were lost in the dark forest at night? The first sensible lesson is that you shouldn’t bother trying to find your way in the dark at all, but just stay put until dawn. Because then you won’t trip over things? No, mainly because you’ll have an idea of direction. The sun rises in the east. But you will be amazed at how many people forget they know that. Apparently, the area underneath a holly bush provides a good makeshift shelter — they are thick, and evergreen. The next thing to do — or rather not to do — is panic, for the obvious reason that unless there is someone there to hear you scream, it will get you nowhere. Just try to think of nice, happy things.‎ There is always a point in films when a person who is lost in the desert or the snow, dehydrated(脱水的) and exhausted, comes across a set of their own footprints and realizes they have just walked in a huge, round circle. It is wrong to owe it to the unequal strengths or different lengths of your legs. Experiments prove that, without the sun or the moon (or landmarks) as a fixed guide, lots of small errors ‎ add up over time so the brain can’t correctly identify the “straight ahead” direction. To just get out of somewhere, pick a spot on the horizon and just head for it.‎ There are several ways to find directions in the dark, and by far the best is to establish north using the stars. Most people can identify the Plough, which is part of Ursa Major. It looks a lot like a saucepan. The Plough rotates through the sky, but let’s imagine the saucepan lying horizontally (水平地), with its handle on the left. You need to trace a line from the star at the right-hand base of the pan, through the star at the right-hand rim (边沿), and follow it upwards; the north star is roughly five times the distance between those two “pointer” stars. Then drop a vertical line from the North Star to the horizon and that’s north.‎ ‎“Tonight is very cloudy and I can’t see the Plough.” Maybe luckily, it is quite windy. Keep in mind that almost all of our weather comes from a south-westerly direction. (This only works if you are in the British Isles). To find the direction, you can throw light bits of dried-out grass in the air and see which way they blow; or, if there are clouds and patches of clear sky, see which way they blow across the stars. You can also get an idea of direction from leggy plants. If they look as if they have been blown over, they will probably be pointing north-east. If they are simply leaning in one direction as they grow, there’s a good chance that is south (they will be reaching towards the sun). The last thing to do is to judge your direction and off you go.‎ ‎12. What might be the best title of the passage ?‎ A. How to survive in the forest B. How to protect yourself in the forest ‎ C. How to direct your way out of the wild D. What to do if you are lost ‎13. Which of the following pictures matches the description of the position of the north star?‎ ‎14. Why will people often walk in a circle if they are lost in the desert or the snow?‎ A. Because without anything to refer to for directions, the brain will be confused by errors.‎ B. Because one of the legs is longer and stronger than the other.‎ C. Because the desert or the snow usually covers a large area for people to get across.‎ D. Because people usually feel dehydrated and exhausted in the desert or the snow.‎ ‎15. If you were lost in Taklimakan Desert in China, _________ would NOT be dependable for you to identify the directions.‎ A. the sun B. the North Star C. wind D. the moon ‎【参考答案】12—15、CDAC ‎ 阅读理解----D Do you know about a series of books that say they are “for dummies”? These American self-help books have been translated into more than thirty-nine languages including Chinese, Arabic, Russian, French, German, Greek and Spanish.‎ ‎ “Dummy” is a word for a stupid person. The dummies books are not really for stupid people. They are designed to show people how to do something they may never have tried before, like painting a house or learning a language. The books all say in a funny way that they are for dummies, such as World History for Dummies, Rabbits for Dummies, Chinese Cooking for Dummies, and Wedding Planning for Dummies. The first ‎ such book, DOS for Dummies, was published in 1991. It helped people learn how to use the DOS operating system for computers. Since then, more than one hundred fifty million dummies books have been sold. ‎ The dummies.com website explains the idea behind the books. It says that they show that people can be taught to do anything. First they can make fun of ideas that are difficult to understand. Then they show how the information can be interesting and easy. The publishers say that the books do not provide more information than necessary. They give readers just enough information to do what they want. They say that the dummies books give the best and easiest way to do something. And the books use simple and easy language.‎ There are more than one thousand different dummies books. A report in New York Times says that the top-selling dummies books are those that explain technology and personal finance.‎ The publishers say that the best-selling dummies books are those providing information many people need---like information about diseases, education and cooking. People interested in opera, car repair and wine can also find dummies books to help them. And there are even more dummies books to come. The publishers say that they publish about two hundred new dummies books every year. ‎ 16 hich of the following can be the best title of the passage? ‎ A. Books for Dummies B. The Easiest, the Best ‎ C. Books for Stupid People D. New Ideas Behind the Books ‎ 17 ccording to the dummies.com website, people can ________ with the help of dummies books.‎ A. do some personal things B. learn any foreign language C. become expert in cooking D. do anything they want 18 The dummies books have been popular because ______. ‎ A. they provide just what is needed and are easy to understand B. they provide abundant information on the concerning subject C. people can learn to do anything with just one copy D. people can save lots of money through self-teaching 16 According to New York Times, we know that books on ______ sell best. ‎ A. diseases and education B. opera and car repairing ‎ C. technology and personal finance D. cooking and world history ‎ 17 What can we learn from the passage? ‎ A. The first dummies book was on Chinese cooking. ‎ B. The dummies books will continue to be popular. ‎ C. Fifty million different dummies books have been published. ‎ D. The simple language was intended for child readers. ‎ ‎【参考答案】ADACB 阅读理解（三）‎ Global warming threatens to hold back human progress, and make unachievable all UN targets to reduce poverty, according to some of the world’s leading international and development groups. ‎ In a report published today, Oxfam, Greenpeace, Christian Aid, Friends of the Earth, WWF and 15 other groups say rich governments must immediately address climate change to avoid even “unbearable levels” of worldwide poverty. ‎ ‎“Food production, water supplies, public health and people’s living environment are already being damaged,” the report says. “The world must meet its promise to achieve poverty reduction and also deal with climate change.”‎ The report, which draws on UN predictions of the effects of climate change in poor countries over the next 50 years, says poor countries will experience more flooding, declining food production, more disease and the worsening or disappearing of entire ecosystems(生态系统)on which many of the world’s poorest people depend. ‎ ‎“Climate change needs to be addressed now. The poor will bear the burden of it. The frontline experience of many of us working in international development indicates that communities are having to fight against more extreme weather ‎ conditions.”‎ Climate change will play havoc(浩劫)with agriculture and water supplies and will increase diseases. “By 2025 the proportion of the world’s population living in countries of great water stress will almost double, to 6 billion people. Tropical and sub-tropical areas will be hardest hit — those countries already suffering from food shortage”. ‎ Poor countries mostly do not need high-tech solutions, but would most benefit from education, research and being shown how to farm better. The report says unchecked global warming, more than wars or political confusion, will displace millions of people and destabilize (不安定) many countries.‎ ‎9. ________ should play a leading role in resisting the more extreme weather conditions according to the report.‎ A. International groups B. Poor countries ‎ C. Rich countries D. Tropical and sub-tropical countries ‎10. Which of the following is not the effect of global warming according to the report?‎ A. More natural disasters and starvation. B. Increasing the world’s population.‎ C. Making millions of people move to other places.‎ D. Shaking the foundation of a country.‎ ‎11. Which of the following is not true according to the text?‎ A. Poverty and climate change are closely linked.‎ B. More and more people will suffer from the water stress and food shortage.‎ C. What the poor countries need badly is high technology.‎ D. International communities have to take steps to resist the bad climate.‎ ‎12. What is the best title of the passage?‎ A. International Development Brings in Climate Change ‎ B. Global Warming Is a Bigger Threat to Poor C. International Groups Work Together to Reduce Poverty D. Worldwide Poverty Shall Be Avoided ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎9. C 细节题。根据第二段中的“rich governments must immediately address climate change to avoid even "unbearable levels" of worldwide poverty”一句的意义可知：财力富足的政府必须立即致力于改变日益恶化的气候条件，以免全球范围内的贫穷上升到无法忍受的程度。由此可判断富裕国家应该起主导作用。‎ ‎10. B 归纳题。文章第四段提到：气候变化将导致愈演愈烈的洪灾，不断衰减的粮食生产，疾病的威胁以及整个生态系统的退化甚至消失。文章最后一句又说：尚未得到抑制的全球变暖比战争和政变更可怕，它将迫使数百万人口迁移，动摇很多国家的安定局面。而B项在短文中没有提及 ‎11. C 判断题。短文最后一段表述的意义是：对贫穷的社会来说，它们几乎不需要高科技的解决方案，但是教育、科研以及教授更好地耕作方式将使它们受益最多。此据判断可知。‎ ‎12. B 主旨题。短文第一段第一句就表述了全文的中心，其意义是：据全球主要的国际发展组织推测，全球变暖不但威胁着人类发展的进程，有可能使之倒退，而且联合国所有减少贫穷的目标和计划都将无法实现。由此可简述为：全球气候变暖加剧贫穷。‎