高考英语易考词汇变形归纳与总结 6页

‎ 高考易考词汇变形分析与总结 形容词加ness变名词 dark--darkness, happy--happiness, sad-sadness, ill-illness, ‎ good--goodness, careful--carefulness, careless--carelessness, tired-tiredness,‎ lonely--loneliness, great-greatness, kind-kindness, ease--easiness busy--business, fit--fitness, friendly--friendliness 动词加ment变名词 develop--development, move--movement, improve--improvement, achieve--achievement, arrange--arrangement,‎ manage--management, assign--assignment, agree--agreement, enjoy--enjoyment, govern--government,‎ judge--judgement/judgment, pay--payment, appoint--appointment, establish--establishment, equip--equipment 名词变成形容词: 1.名词后加-y, 如: luck→lucky; cloud→cloudy; wind→windy; rain→rainy; sun→sunny; snow→snowy; noise-noisy; health→healthy 2.在名词后加-ly, 如: ‎ friend→friendly;love→lovely;day→daily; brother→brotherly; mother→motherly 3.方位名词加-ern，如: east→eastern; west→western; south→southern; north→northern 形容词后缀 (1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义 1)-able, -ible: movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible 2)-al: natural, additional, educational 3)-an: urban, suburban, republican 4)-ant, -ent: distant, important, excellent 5)-ar: similar, popular, regular 6)-ary: military, voluntary 7)-ic, ical: politic, systematic, historic, physical, 8)-ing: moving, touching, daring 9)-ish: foolish, bookish, selfish 10)-ive: active, impressive, decisive 11)-ory: satisfactory, compulsory (2) 表示“相象，类似”的含义 1)-ish: boyish, childish 2)-like: manlike, childlike 3)-ly: manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 4)-some: troublesome, handsome 5)-y: milky, pasty (3) 表示“充分的”含义 1)-ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 2)-ous: dangerous, generous, courageous, various 3)-ent: violent,‎ ‎ (4) 表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义 1)-en: wooden, golden, woolen 2)-fic: scientific (5) 表示方向的含义 1)-ern: eastern, western 2)-ward: downward, forward (6) 表示“数量关系”的含义 1)-teen: thirteen, fourteen 2)-ty: fifty, forty 3)-th: fourth, fifth, ninth, fiftieth (7) 表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义 1)-an: Roman, European 2)-ese: Chinese, 3)-ish: English, Spanish (8) 表示“比较程度”的含义 1)-er: greater 2)-ish: reddish, yellowish 3)-est: highest 4)-most: foremost, topmost (9)其他的含义 -less表示否定: careless, countless, stainless, wireless 形容词变副词的一般规则 形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：‎ 一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。‎ 分别举例如下：quick-quickly; true-truly; happy-happily; possible-possibly 具体规则如下：‎ 1. 一般情况下直接加“ly”‎ 如：quick—quickly; polite—politely; sad—sadly; immediate—immediately; recent-recently; nice—nicely; complete—completely; ‎ ‎ polite —politely; wide —widely; active —actively; rude — rudely ‎2. 辅音字母加e结尾的形容词一般直接加-ly。‎ 如：polite—politely; wide—widely; wise—wisely; nice—nicely 以元音字母加e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。‎ 如：true—truly; due—duly 3. 以“y”结尾的，且读音为 / i /， 先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”，‎ 如：happy—happily; heavy—heavily; angry—angrily; busy—busily 但是如果读音为 / ai /，直接加ly，如：dry--dryly; sly--slyly(会意地;会心地); shy---shyly ‎4. 以ic 结尾的词，加ally，‎ 如: economic—economically; basic—basically;‎ scientific—scientifically; automatic—automatically; ‎ energetic—energetically; 但是public--publicly 例外。‎ ‎5. 以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y，‎ 如：simple—simply; considerable—considerably;‎ terrible—terribly; gentle—gently; ‎ possible—possibly; probable—probably;‎ incredible—incredibly; gentle—gently; ‎ comfortable—comfortably; sensible—sensibly (明智地; 理智地)‎ 元音字母加le时加 ly，如：sole—solely(仅仅)。但是whole—wholly例外。‎ ‎6. 以-ll结尾时，只须加 –y，如：dull—dully; shrill—shrilly(尖锐地)‎ 需注意: 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。‎ 如：friendly people; motherly care; a lovely dog; monthly exam; heavenly peace; a manly sport; ‎ a lively class 语法填空1‎ 1. All the students arrived __________(due) except Tom.‎ 2. The government is not __________(whole) to blame for the current crisis.(当前的危机不能完全归罪于政府.)‎ 3. It is ____________(incredible) difficult to fit everyone in.(为每一个人都找到合适的位置是极其困难的.)‎ 4. Jim and Mary smiled ________(shy) at each other.‎ 5. ‎“I suppose so,” he said _________(dull). “我想是吧,”他木然地说道.‎ 6. The book is ____________(basic) a love story.‎ 7. I hate it when he talks like that ____________(public).(我讨厌他在公开场合那样说话.)‎ 8. He looks so _________(man) in his uniform.(他穿着制服真显得英姿焕发.)‎ 答案: 1.duly 2.wholly 3.incredibly 4.shyly ‎ 5.dully 6.basically 7.publicly 8.manly 语法填空2:‎ ‎ Li Ming had dipped into many jobs. At first, he was hired as a _______(decorate). But soon he disliked the job because it was tiring. He resigned and went to a telephone office to be an ________(operate). However, he quit after only six months in the job, for it was too boring. For one reason or another, he got crazy about the oceangoing voyage, so he become a _______(sail). But soon he felt too lonely on the sea and gave it up. He worked respectively as _________(conduct) in a bus, ________(edit) in a newspaper and __________(translate) in a magazine, but he did not stay there more than one year. Later he went to a ________(council) of life, who had received thousands of _________(visit). She told him that he first should do what he really liked and that he must have great patience and perseverance. Soon after, seeing a film directed by Zhang Yimou, he set his goal to be a film __________(direct). But he wanted to become a famous ________(act) first. Ten years later, Li Ming eventually realized his dream. From the story above, we can safely draw a conclusion: All of us must have our own dream in case it should come true. ‎