高考英语一轮复习学案专题1冠词 10页

2013 年高考英语一轮复习学案专题 1：冠词 【备考策略】 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1.指一类人或事，相当于 a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。 3.表示 “ 每一”相当于 every，one We study eight hours a day. 4.表示“相同”相当于 the same We are nearly of an age. 5.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 —Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here. A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋） 6.用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7.用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such 之后 This room is rather a big one. 8.用于 so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. 9.用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事 a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事 a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的东西 a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识 10.与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”。 In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language. 为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。 二、定冠词的用法 1.表示某一类人或物 In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the 2.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 3.表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door? 4.用于演奏乐器 play the violin, play the guitar 5.用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the reach, the living, the wounded 6.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法 5） —Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please? —Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; / 7.用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 He is the taller of the two children. 8.用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French 9.用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China. 10.在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代) 11.用于表示度量单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour. 12.用于方位名词，身体部位名词 He patted me on the shoulder. 13.与比较级和最高级连用 ①比较级+ and +比较级表示“越来越……” The harder he works, the happier he feels. ②表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加 the。 Who is the older of the tow boys? ③三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般 常有表示比较范围的介词短语。 Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. 三、零冠词（即不用冠词）的情况 1.专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 2.名词前有 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every 等限制 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this? 3.季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4.表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America. 5.表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前 He likes playing football/chess. 6.与 by 连用表示交通方式的名词前 We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent. A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填 7.以 and 连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 8.表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals. 四、冠词的位置 冠词一般放在名词之前，名词之前若有形容词，冠词放在形容词之前。下列情况例外： 1.不定冠词用于下列副词加形容词之后：as, how, however, so, too 等。 如：He is as good a soldier as he was.他和以前一样是个好士兵。 2.不定冠词置于 such, what, many, not, too,much of 等之后。 如：Many a little pickle makes a nickel.积少成多。 3.定冠词通常放在 all, both, double, exactly, just 等词之后。 如：I offered him double the amount，but he still refused. 4.不定冠词常用于 quite 和 rather 之后，但如果另有形容词修饰时，不定冠词既可放在第二 位，也可放在第一位，但最常见的仍是第二位。 如：She is quite a woman.她真是个女人。 It was quite/rather a cold day.很冷的一天(同 It was a quite/rather cold day.) 5.当名词前的比较级被 no，all，far，much 等修饰时，也要后置。 如：He is no less a man than the President . 6.定冠词要放在 half, twice, much 等之后。 如：He paid twice the price for it. 他花了两倍的钱买了它。 7.如果名词被副词 hardly，scarcely，barely，exactly 所修饰，或和一个形容词共同修饰时， 冠词要放在上述副词之后、形容词之前。如：This is hardly a right thing to do. 这几乎是不能 做的事。 冠词是历年高考的常考点。主要考查冠词在具体语境中的运用，考查内容包括定冠词和 不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。 考点解析 考点 1 考查不定冠词 a/an 表示个别或泛指的用法 ①How about taking_____short break? I want to make_____call. A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a 【解析】 ②Christmas is_____special holiday when_____whole family are supposed to get together. A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the 【解析】 考点 2 考查定冠词 the 特指某一个人或事物的用法 ①I looked under_____bed and found books I lost last week. A. the; a B. the；the C. 不填；the D. the; 不填 【解析】 ②I like_____color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the 【解析】 考点 3 考查不定冠词及零冠词的习惯搭配 ①George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church. A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a 【解析】 ②Many people have come to realize that they should go on_____balanced diet and makeroom in their day for exercise. A. a; / B. the; a C. the; the D. /; a 【解析】 考点 4 考查不定冠词在具体化的抽象名词前的用法 ①Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day fo r exercise. A.a;不填 B.the; a C.the; the D.不填; a 【解析】 ②—How about _____Christmas evening party? —I should say it was _____success. A. a; a B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填 考点 5 考查在名词前用不用冠词意义的不同 ①We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent. A. the; the B.不填;the C. the; 不填 D.不填;不填 【解析】 ② George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church. A./; the B. the; / C. a; / D./; a 【解析】 类似的词组： by day 在白天 by the day 按天计算 in case of 以防 in the case of 就……来说 in charge of 负责，管理 in the charge of 由……负责 in office 执政 in the office 在办公室 in sight(of)看见 in the sight(of)在……看来 go to sea 去当水手 go to the sea 到海边去 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能 take advice 征求意见 take the advice 听从劝告 be of age 成年 be of all age 同龄 go to church 去做礼拜 go to the church 去教堂 in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在监狱 特别提示：当地点名词表示地点时，其前用定冠词；表示在这一地点所发生的活动时， 其前不加冠词。如：He went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed. 他睡觉前到床边给我拿了本杂志。 五年高考 A 组 年全国高考题组 1.【浙江卷】._____________________The development of industry has been_______ gradual process throughout _______ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology. A. 不填, the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a 1.【答案】 2.【全国 II】He missed ______ gold in the high jump, but will get _____ second chance in the long jump. A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; / 【答案】 3. 【安徽卷 21】. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day. A. / ； a B. / ；the C. the ; a D. the ; the 【答案】 4.【辽宁卷 21 】. I woke up with bad headache, yet by evening the pain had gone. A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an 【答案】 5.【山东卷】29. Being able to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填；a 【答案】 6.【重庆卷 24】.Sam has been appointed _______ manager of the engineering department to take ____ place of George. A. /,/ B. the,/ C the the D./, the 6. 【知识拓展】不使用冠词的情况：在节日名称、星期、月份、季节前；一日三餐、球类棋类 等运动的名称前；系动词 turn（变成）后的单数名词作表语用零冠词；人名、地名、机构等 专有名词前；与 by 连用表示交通方式的名词前；以 and 连接的两个相对的名词连用时；名 词前已有 this, that, my, your, some, any 等词作定语；复数名词表示一类人或事物时；在某些 7.【江西卷 21】The Smiths don’t usually stay at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea. A．/; a B．the; the C．/; the D．the; a 7.答案： 8. 【全国新课程 22. 】Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction. A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a B 组 历年全国高考题组 【浙江卷,2】Experts think that __________recently discovered painting may be ________ Picsso. A.the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a ; 不填 D. the; a 【答案】 全国卷,33）It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man. A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填 【答案】 全国卷 II,16 As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight. A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填 a D. the; a 【答案】D 【考点】 山东卷,21 Take your time—it’s just_____short distance from here to_____restaurant. A.不填；the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填；a 【答案】 四川卷,18 Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” A. 不填；A B.不填；The C.the; The D.a; A 【答案】 5.（浙江）Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human body. A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; / 【答案】 6.(山东)f we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view. A. 不填； the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the 【答案】 【考点】 7.(江苏)The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_______ people from all walks of life are working hard for_____ new Jiangsu. A.不填； a B. 不填；the C. the； a D. the； the 【答案】 【考点】 8.(浙江)I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ______ rough idea of _____ project plan. A. the; a B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the 【答案】 9.( 四 川 )In order to find _______ better job, he decided to study ________ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 【答案】 10.(浙江)______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head. A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填 【答案】 11.(山东)Students should be encouraged to use ______ Internet as ______ resource. A. 不填；a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. the; a 【答案】 12.(江西)--- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. --- It is not your fault. With _____ rush-hour traffic and ____ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late. A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a 【答案】 三年模拟 A 组 2012 年全国高考模拟题组 1.（杭州市西湖高级中学高三 3 月月考 1）The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have _____ third one because _____ second one is rather too small. A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a 2.（浙江省六校联盟高三第一次联考 2 ） As the world faces ______ “cooling market”, Premier Wen Jiabao calls for ______confidence in economic growth during the New Year holiday. A. the; a B. a; 不填 C. 不填; the D. a; the 3.（温州市届高三第一次适应性测试 1）—Riding along the Qujiang River banks could be great fun. —Sound like pretty good idea. A．a…/ B．a…a C．/…/ D．/…a 4.（宁波市八校届高三下学期期初测试 1）Nicknames are interesting. If ______ man were unusually strong, he might adopt _____name such as Armstrong. A. a; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. the; a 5.（台州中学高三下学期第一次统练 2）Yang Jia, ____ English professor at____ Chinese Academy of Science meets ____ challenges brought by the sudden loss of her eyesight and continues to make it in her work. A. an; the; / B. the; /; the C. the; /; / D. an; the; the 6.（金华一中高三上学期期中考试 1）—What book! —It’s wonderful indeed. I’ve never read more exciting one. A．a; the B．the; 不填 C．a; a D．the; a 7.（杭州市萧山九中高三上学期期中考试 2）_______ young girl reminded me of my youth gone. I’m now ______ has-been that can tell what to do or not to do. A. The;a B. A; the C. A; a D. The;不填 8.（绍兴一中高三上学期期中考试 1）When a giraffe has ______ drink, it has to stand with its front legs wide apart in order to reach ______ water easily. A. 不填；不填 B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；the 9.（衢州一中高三上学期期中考试 2）The biggest whale is _______ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of _______ 9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the 10.( 浙江省十二校新高考研究联盟第一次联考 2) ________ M(m) oney plays an important role in ________ material world. But you can’t expect it to give you real happiness. A. A; the B. 不填; a C. 不填; the D. The; the 11.( 杭州市新安江中学高三 12 月月考 1) As is known to all,______ People’s Republic of China is _______ biggest developing country in the world. A. the ;不填 B. 不填 ；the C. the ；the D. 不填；不填 12.( 宁波市高三“十校联考” 2) In January, 2011, ____ leader of the Chinese Communist Party Hu Jintao was warmly received by Barak Obama, who was elected ____ president of the US two years ago. A. /; / B. the; / C. the; the D. /; the B 组 历年全国高考模拟题组 1.( 绍兴市高三教学质量测试 2) --- How did you enjoy concert last night? --- What a disappointment! My favourite singer lost her voice and didn’t even make appearance. A．a; an B．the; / C．the; an D．the; the 2.( 浙江省杭州二中高三 5 月模拟 1) --- What do you think of the new manager of your department? --- Oh, he is ________ manager who’s pleasant to work with. I mean, it is ______ pleasure to work with him. A. the; B. a; a C. a; the D. ; a 3.( 嘉兴一中高三高考模拟试题 11) Failure to face up to painful experience can be ______ form of stress itself, and can increase ______ possibility of illness. A. the; / B. a; a C. a; the D. /; the 4.( 金华一中、慈溪中学、学军中学三校高三联考 1) What ______ lovely surprise it was for the students to get ______ precious present individually when their class teacher, John, came back from the ceremony! A. 不填；a B. 不填；不填 C. the; the D. a; a 5.( 温州市高三上学期五校联考 21) I was told that 10:15 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach Fudan University． A．the; / B．the; a C．a; the D．/; the 6.( 杭州师范大学附属中学高三上学期第一次月考 2) ---What do you remember Alexander Graham Bell as? --- ______ inventor of ______ telephone. A. an; / B. the; a C. the; the D. /; the 7.( 浙 江 省 五 校 高 三 第 一 次 联 考 1) The significance of 2010 Expo Shanghai lies in the opportunities it has provided for visitors to consider what would make for ______ better city and what should be ______ yardstick to improve city life． A．a, the B．the, a C．a, / D．the, / 8.( 杭州十四中高三 9 月月考试卷 1) Many people have come to realize that they should go on _ balanced diet and make ____ room in their day for exercise. A. a;/ B. the; a C. the; the D./;a 9.( 温州中学高三第一学期第一次月考 15) The film Harry Potter was quite ______ hit across the world, bringing in ______ income of box office over millions of dollars within five months. A. /; an B. a; / C. a; an D. a; the 10.( 杭州高级中学高三上学期第一次月考 2) ______ two pandas from Chinese mainland has become ______ hot topic in Taiwan. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, the D. The, /