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第一部分:基础知识
（一）．定语从句概述
定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充当。
如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容词性从句。
定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。
（二）．定语从句的引导词。
定语从句的引导词分为两类：
关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose ）
关系副词（ when, where, why ）
引导词在先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又作定语从句中作一个成分。
（三）．关系代词
1. that 指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。
This is the photo that I took in the country.
He is the singer that I met yesterday.
2. which 指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句
The film which we saw last night was moving.
3. who 指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。
The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster.
The man who you just talked to is Tom.
4. whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。
That is the professor whom you want to know.
5. whose 指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+ ’s, 后接一名词。
I know the boy whose parents are dead.
I don’t like those cities whose roads are dirty.
【注】：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破；
which表物人用who,人物都有that顾；
which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know;
who做主语很称职，whom用到宾语里；
（四）．关系副词
关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。
1，when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/ on/ in/ during which.
I’ll never forget the day when (on which ) I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain.
2，where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/ in / to/ which.
This is the school where( at which ) I studied.
3，why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which.
That’s the real reason why (for which ) he was late.
第二部分：关系代词的特殊用法
（一）关系代词指物时, 用that而不用which的情况:
1，先行词为something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及all , much , little , a lot , none , few等不定代词时。
My mother was so proud of all that I did
2，先行词有the last , the very , the only以及all , much , few , no , any ,little等修饰时。
This is the very book that I’m looking for .
3，先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。
This is the most exciting film that I’ve ever seen .
When people talk about Hangzhou , the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake .
4，the same 修饰先行词时 , 定语从句要用that 或as引导 , 但意义不同。
This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday . (表示相同但并非同一)
This is the same knife that I used yesterday . (表示就是那个)
5，先行词既有人又有物时, 只能用that。
Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday
6，There be 后面的定语从句多用that引导 , 不用which 。
There’s a seat in the corner that is still free .
7，句子前面出现了who , which 时 , 后面的定语从句用that引导。
They built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen before .
Who is the man that you were talking about just now ?
8，关系代词在定语从句作表语时, 常用that , 而不用which 、who 。
My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago .
Tom isn’t the man that he used to be
(二) 关系代词指人时, 有时只用who ,而不用that。
1，先行词为指人的代词one , those , the man,以及人称代词如he等。
Those who are often late for school should be punished .
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man .
2，先行词为someone (somebody), no one (nobody), anyone (anybody), everyone (everybody) 。
Anyone who would like to attend the party should come on time .
3，先行词指人时, 如有序数词, 最高级, the very , the only ,the last等修饰 , 定语从句既可用that也可用who引导。
He is the first student who / that worked out the problem .
(三) 关系代词whose的用法：
1， whose 在从句中作定语 ，表示“先行词的…” ，既可指人，也可指物。
John is my best friend , whose father is a scientist .
The old man lived in the house whose window was broken .
The boss , in whose company my father worked , was very friendly to the workers .
2，whose 可以转换为of which（物）和of whom（人） 。
1) The dictionary whose cover is missing is mine .
( 划线部分可改为the cover of which或of which the cover )
2) They also invited Mr Wang , whose car was stolen last Sunday .
( 划线部分可改为 the car of whom 或 of whom the car )
(四) which的特殊用法：
1， 关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句 , 有时不是修饰某个先行词 , 而是指代主句的全部或部分内容 。特别注意，非限定定语从句中prep+which 时，which 只能指代先行词，不可以指代句子。
1）In China , you sometimes get a hot damp cloth to clean your face and hands , which ,however , is not the custom in western countries .
2）Helen often came late , which made the class teacher angry .
2，which 有时可在定语从句中作定语 , 含义上相当于指示代词this / that 。
1) He stayed in England for 5 years , during which time he learned English well .
2) It may rain hard tomorrow , in which case I won’t go fishing .
【注】： which的这种用法与whose 作定语不同 。whose 表示“ 先行词的… ”。
They’re talking about a film , whose name I have forgotten .
3，以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时 , 可借关系代词which把介词前置。
1）Tomorrow would be Christmas Day , and she had only $ 1.87 with which to buy Jim a present .
2）Those poor people had no houses to live in / in which to live .
【注】 如果先行词指人，关系代词用whom 。
I want to find a person to travel to England with / with whom to travel to England .
(五) 关系代词as的用法：
1. 引导限制性定语从句：
当先行词有such , so , the same等修饰时, 关系代词要用as ； as在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。
1) . I have never seen such a kind girl as she is .
2) . He is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) as every student respects .
比较：He is such a good teacher ( so good a teacher ) that every student respects him .
( 此句为such / so … that引导的结果状语从句 )
3) . Such a student as often studies hard is sure to pass this exam .
4) . He bought the same bike as I did last week . 区别 that I did last week
2. 引导非限制性定语从句：
as不修饰某个先行词，而是指代主句的全部或部分内容 ，可译为“这一点，此事；正如” ，或不译。这种从句可位于句首、句中或句尾 。常见于
as we all know ，as has been said above ，as is usual，as is often the case ，
as everybody can see，as is known to us all等结构。
1) . He has passed the exam , as is a pleasure to us .
2) . As we all know , the earth moves around the sun .
3) . This experiment , as you had expected , succeeded at last .
3.，如前所述 , which也可引导这种从句 , 两者常可互换。(非限定性定语从句谓语句末且指代前面的主句)
1）Those two students are wearing the same clothes , which / as is very interesting .
2）They came to the party on time , as / which had been expected .
但在以下两种情况下有区别 ：
1) . as从句可位于句首(或主句前) , 而which从句只能在主句后。
As is often the case , we have worked out the production plan .
2) . 关系代词作主语时, 如果从句的谓语是及物动词+宾语的结构, 则只能用which 。
His father died in a traffic accident , which made us greatly surprised .
3）当which 在从句中指代的是先行词而不是主句，只能用which
The car, which we saw on the playground, is Mike’s.
4） “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，只能用which。
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
5）当后置的非限定性定语从句是否定结构时只能用which引导。
He result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn't expected
第三部分：关系副词的特殊用法
（一） 关系副词when , where , why的用法：
1. 关系代词 (which / that) 与关系副词 (when, where, why) 的选取方法：
A) 当先行词是定语从句中的主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。关系代词指代先行词，并代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。
B) 如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语, 先行词前面需要加上一个介词才能在从句中作成分的时候, 选用关系副词。关系副词在从句中作状语，常可转换为“介词 +which”。
1) Do you remember the day which / that we spent in the mountain village ?
Do you remember the day when (= on which ) we visited the mountain village ?
2) This is the factory which / that we visited last year .
This is the factory where (= in which ) he worked last year .
3) We don’t believe the reason which / that he gave for his coming late .
We don’t know the reason why (= for which ) he has changed his mind .
2. 关系副词where的从句还可以修饰point，situation，case，activity , scene , stage等地点意味不明显的先行词。关系副词when的从句可以修饰occasion , stay等时间意味不明显的先行词。
关系副词why只修饰reason 这一个先行词。
1) Now you can see we’ve come to the point where a change is badly needed .
2) Today we’ll discuss some cases where beginners of English fail to use it properly .
3) There are few occasions when my students can’t understand what I teach in class .
3. when和where 在少数情况下可作介词宾语。
1) . The naughty boy was hidden behind the door , from where he saw his mother walking into the house .（ where 指代behind the door 。不能换为which ，因为which只能指代the door ）
2) . They went to American three years ago ，since when they have lived there .
( when指代three years ago 。不能换为which ，因为which只能指代three years =and since then)
(二) that在有些句型中可视为关系副词：
1 way后面的定语从句常用that或in which引导 , 但可省略。
I don’t like the way ( that / in which ) you speak to your parents .
The way ( in which / that ) he worked on the problem was wrong .
[注]： 如果way在从句中作主语或宾语, 应该用关系代词which / that。
He explained the problem in a way that / which everyone could accept .
2 . It is ( about , high ) time that … (正)是 …… 的时候了。
that从句中常用一般过去时, that在口语中可省略。
It was high time that we stopped pollution .
It is time that you had lunch now .
比较There was a time when ( during which ) we were short of oil .
3 . This is the first ( second ,… last ) time that … ( 从句中常用完成时态 )
This is / will be the last time that I have come to China .
It was the first time that he had been invited to China .
第四部分：定语从句有关要注意的问题
(一) 关系代词作主语时,要注意从句中谓语动词的单复数。
1 . 先行词只有one of 修饰时 , 从句谓语用复数。
He is one of the students in our class who have been to Hainan .
This is one of the best books that were written by the writer .
2 . one of 前有the，the only ，the very ，the first时 , 从句谓语用单数。
Tom is the only / very one of the boys who knows the truth .
(二) 定语从句的隔离现象：
1 定语从句和先行词之间有时会被状语, 定语或者其他成分隔开, 要注意找准先行词。
The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that village .
Is there a restaurant around where we can have lunch ? ( around adv. 在周围 )
The days are gone when we used foreign oil . (主句谓语较短, 隔开先行词与定语从句)
2 . 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的后面有时会出现插入语。
1) He is the man who I think is fit for the job .
2) --- Is that the small town you often refer to ?
--- Right , just the one where you know I used to work for years .
(三) 定语从句中有时会使用倒装语序：
Three days later , we found an old house , in front of which stood a big tree .
Finally they climbed up the mountain , above which appeared a beautiful rainbow .
(四) 注意区别定语从句和其他从句：
1 .区别where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。(最明显的区别是定语从句一定有先行词)
After the war , a new school was put up where there had once been a theatre . (状语从句)
A new school was put up at the place where there had once been a theatre . (定语从句)
2 . 区别“介词+which”的定语从句和“介词+what”的宾语从句。
1) This is the company in which he worked three years ago . ( which 引导定语从句 )
2) A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago . ( what宾语从句)
3 . 区别that的定语从句和同位语从句。
The news that he won the match made us excited . ( 同位语从句 )
The news ( that ) he told us made us very excited . ( 定语从句 )
【注】：同位语从句中that不作句子成分, 但不能省略，去掉that从句仍然完整。
定语从句中that是关系代词，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
定语从句训练题
1. Robert went to Shanghai in his twenties _________ several years later, he became a company director.
A. when B. where C. which D. who
2. The kind-hearted couple decided to adopt the boy ________ parents had been killed in an accident.
A. whose B. who C. with whom D. his
3. Last week our school put on an English play _____ Jim acted an important part.
A. which B. when C. where D. what
4. The boss, _____company Ms. King worked ten years ago, looked down upon women.
A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose
5. Hangzhou, _______ we paid a visit last spring, is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
A. which B. where C. to there D. from which
6. Many people like to chat online, _______, as most of them think, they can express themselves freely.
A. which B. there C. that D. where
7. This is an important subject ______ we might argue for a long time.
A. about it B. with which C. about which D. with it
8. These old pictures bring to their mind the college days ______ they spent together, ____ life was hard but happy.
A. which; when B. when; which C. which; which D. when; when
9. The reason _______ he gave for his second visit to the city was simply ______ he admired the sights here so much.
A. why; that B. why; why C. which; that D. which; why
10. A new type of car is on sale on the market, _____ makes it attractive to young people.
A. its low price B. what low price
C. the low price of which D. the low price of it
11. It is in the factory _______ you're going to pay a visit to ______ this kind of computer is made.
A. /; that B. where; that C. /; where D. that; which
12. We are in a difficult situation ________ we don't develop new products, we will end up closing our doors.
A. if B. where C. if where D. where if
13. Mr. Wilson has been to many cities in China, ______he thinks, Shanghai has impressed him most.
A. with which B. in which C. of which D. on which
14. You can hardly imagine the rate ________ his car has been running on the freeway.
A. with which B. to which C. at which D. for which
15. Sometimes our success depends on ______ we are lucky or not and sometimes it depends on the manner ______we conduct our life.
A. whether; of which B. whether; in which C. that; by which D. that; for which
16. It's dangerous for you to use a kind of medicine ____________.
A. that you are allergic to B. that is allergic to you
C. which is allergic for you D. which you are allergic for
17. Such people ________ were invited to the party showed no special interest in the soup he specially made for them, _______ made him upset.
A. who; that B. as; that C. who; which D. as; which
18. I often think of the hours _____ I stayed with you, ____ have a great effect on my life.
A. /; which B. which; who C. which; that D. when; which
19. I shall never forget those days _______ I lived in the city with the workers, ______ has had a great effect on my life.
A. which; that B. which; which C. when; which D. when; who
20. This is one of the most exciting football games ________ I have ever seen.
A. where B. that C. what D. which
21. We were deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools _____ we had visited there.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
22. The girl _____ we met yesterday is a film star, _____ played the leading role in the film _____we saw last time.
A. when; who; which B. that; that; / C. /; who; / D. that; that; that
23. It is the second school _______ I used to work at, many teachers of ______ still have a good relation with me.
A. which; that B. where; that C. that; that D. that; which
24. _______ was known to them, the manager had broken his promise _______ he would give them a rise.
A. As; what B. It; that C. It; what D. As; that
25. When you visit his family, you may chat for an hour or so, ________ not even a cup of coffee or a glass of water is offered.
A. by this time B. by which time C. during this time D. during which time
26. There are some cases _______ students obviously know the school rules but don't obey them.
A. why B. where C. as D. which
27. The expert offered us another piece of advice, _______ of great help to our program.
A. I think it is B. I think which is C. which I think it is D. which I think is
28. He hid in a nearby palm tree, ______ he could see the patrols searching for him.
A. from where B. from which C. there D. which
29. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”
A. that B. which C. where D. what
30. They lost their way in the forest, and _______ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. it B. which C. that D. what
31. _______ medicine works in a human body is a question _______ not everyone can understand fully.
A. How; that B. That; which C. That; which D. What; that
32 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _____ I will always
treasure .
A . that B . it C . one D . what
33. The book was written in 1946 , ______ the education system has witnessed great changes .
A . when B . during which C . since then D . since when
34. Is this hotel_______he stayed last year ?
A.the one B.that C.where D.which
35.Is this the hotel_______he stayed last year ?
A.the one B.that C.where D.which
36. .Is it in the hotel_______he stayed last year ?
A.the one B.that C.where D.which
37.Is this hotel_______he complained about?
A.the one B.that C.where D.which
38 The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A when B that C where D which
39 Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy ice-cream.
A when B where C that D which
40 Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______ of course, made
all the others upset.
A who B which C what D that
定语从句训练题解析
1.【解析】答案为B。where引导的是定语从句，修饰的是Shanghai。句意：Robert二十几岁时去了上海，在那里几年后，他成了一个公司主管。
2.【解析】答案为A。whose 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the boy。句意：那对好心的夫妇决定收养那个父母在事故中死亡的孩子。
3.【解析】答案为C。本题考查定语从句。act a part in a play在戏剧中扮演角色。该句中play为先行词，介词in后需用which来引导定语从句，而in which相当于where.
4.【解析】答案为C。whose company Ms. King worked in是一个定语从句，修饰boss。本句中介词in提到关系代词前。
5.【解析】答案为B。pay a visit to ... 参观 / 游览（某地），where we paid a visit last spring是非限制性定语从句，补充说明Hangzhou的情况，其中，where相当于to which。
6【解析】答案为D。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词online；where在从句中作地点状语，意思是“在网络上”。as most of them think作插入语。
7.【解析】答案为C。argue (with sb.) about / over sth.
关于某事与某人争吵。本句为包含定语从句的主从复合句，介词about提到了关系代词前。
8【解析】答案为A。which引导定语从句修饰days，因为从句中spent是及物动词，所以选which作宾语。when也引导定语从句，修饰days，因为句子结构完整，所以when在句中作时间状语。
9.【解析】答案为C。which在定语从句中作gave的宾语; 第二空的that引导表语从句。
10.【解析】答案为C。 该句是由which引导的非限定性定语从句，which代替先行词a new type of car，C选项相当于whose low price。
11【解析】答案为A。第一空考查定语从句的引导词， 先行词是物，可用that或which,因为在从句作to 的宾语，that和which可省略；第二空为强调句的引导词，只能用that。
12【解析】答案为D。定语从句的先行词为situation，表示抽象地点，所以从句要用关系副词where来引导；定语从句中又包含有一个状语从句，因此选D。
13【解析】答案为C。根据句子结构可看出是对定语从句的考查，which指代先行词cities，of which表示范围，“在去过的城市中”。
14【解析】答案为C。“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句，at which中的which指代前面的rate，它前面一般加介词at表示“以……速度”。
15【解析】答案为B。第一空构成whether ... or not 结构，表示“是否……”；第二空缺定语从句的引导词，该定语从句的先行词是表示方式的manner，而表示“以某种方式”用in a manner，所以第二空应用in which。
16.【解析】答案为A。be allergic to sth. (某人)对……过敏,medicine为先行词,关系代词可用that或which。
17【解析】答案为D。此题考查such (...) as结构，这里as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语；which引导非限制性定语从句。
18.【解析】答案为D。______ I stayed with you是定语从句，修饰先行词the hours，关系代词在定语从句中作时间状语，因此用when。由于第二空引导的是非限制性定语从句，所以用which，指代前面整个主句。
19.【解析】答案为C。第一空用when引导定语从句，在句中作状语，先行词为those days；第二空用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代those days when I lived ... workers。
20.【解析】答案为B。当先行词有最高级修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that，不能用which。
21【解析】答案为D。the teachers and the schools是先行词,包含人和物，用that引导。
22.【解析】答案为C。考查引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能用that；关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
23【解析】答案为D。第一空填that，是因为先行词用序数词修饰；第二空填which，考查“介词 + which”引导定语从句的用法。
24【解析】答案为D。本句话的意思为：正如大家所知道的，经理违背了他说要给他们加工资的诺言。第一空填as，用来引导非限制性定语从句，as用来代替后一句话的意思；第二个空后的句子用来说明promise的具体内容，起补充说明的作用，是同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故选that。
25【解析】答案为D。先行词为an hour or so。本句中during which time引导非限制性定语从句，意为“在此一小时左右的时间内”。
26【解析】答案为 B。situation, case和point作先行词，后跟定语从句时，若这几个词在从句中作状语，则定语从句常用where引导。
27【解析】答案为D。I think在从句中作插入语， which是定语从句的主语。
28【解析】答案为 A。本题考查from where引导的定语从句，此处from where相当于from in a nearby palm tree。句意为：他藏在附近的一颗棕榈树里，从那里可以看到搜查他的巡逻队。
29【解析】答案为C。句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
30【解析】答案为D。what made matters worse 是主语从句(注意其后有谓语动词was)，相当于 the thing that made matters worse。
31【解析】答案为A.。how引导主语从句，that引导同位语从句
32【解析】答案为C。此时，one 是分句的先行词，同时one 是 moment 的同位语
33【解析】答案为.D。此时when 相当于 in 1946 , 最简单的说法就是 and since then , and since the / this that = which
34【解析】答案为C。where引导表语从句，并非定语从句；如原句在hotel前加the，则为定语从句；A项改为the one where也正确，可理解为where引导的定语从句修饰the one。
35【解析】答案为C。where引导的定语从句修饰the hotel，并在从句中作地点状语。
36【解析】答案为B。此句为强调句。
37【解析】答案为A。the one 为表语，其后的定语从句省略了引导词that或which。
38【解析】答案为A。横线是定语从句，修饰先行词days，而先行词days的含义在从句中作时间状语，所以选择when。
39【解析】答案为A。Interval意为间隔，休息时间。是表示时间的名词，作先行词，它的含义在从句中作状语，即：the audience can buy ice-cream( in the interval). 所以选择A when.
40【解析】答案为B。插入语of course，把它去掉之后，不难看出是考查which引导非限制性定语从句，which代替整个主句，所以选B which。
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