高考英语阅读分类复习科普类 74页

新课标高考英语阅读分类复习：科普类 第1题(年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（全国Ⅰ）) B Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.‎ Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda（大熊猫）eats only one particular type of bamboo（竹子）. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly（蝴蝶）will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet（多样化饮食）. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season. ‎ Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life. 60. We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.‎ ‎   A. depend on one sense in choosing food     B. are not satisfied with their food ‎ ‎   C. choose food in similar ways             D. eat entirely different food ‎61. Which of the following eats only one type of food?‎ ‎   A. The white butterfly. B. The small bird. C. The bear.  D. The fox. ‎ ‎62. Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________.‎ ‎   A. the season changes                    B. the food color changes ‎   C. they move to different places            D. they are attracted by different smells ‎63. We can learn from the last paragraph that __________. ‎ ‎   A. food is chosen for a good reason         B. French and British food is good ‎   C. some people have few choices of food    D. some people care little about healthy diet ‎ 答案 ‎ ‎60. C 解析:这是一道推理题。根据第一段可知,人用气味和味道来选择食物,动物用一种或多种感觉选择食物,从这点上人和其他动物是类似的。‎ ‎61. A 解析:这是一道推断题。根据第二段“A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage,even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden.”可以推断出这种白蝴蝶只吃卷心菜。‎ ‎62. A 解析:这是一道推断题。根据第二段“The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.”可以推断出这些动物的食物随着季节而变化。‎ ‎63. D 解析:这是一道推断题。根据最后一段“We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us.”可知我们经常选择食物是因为喜欢而不是对身体有益,由此推断出有些人会选择不健康的食物。 ‎ 第2题(年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（北京卷）)B The Book of Life ‎     So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species（物种）, and that’s just a small number of what probably exists on Earth. With so many plants, animals, and other living things coveting the planet, it can be tough to figure out what type of grass is growing by the roadside or what kind of bird just flew by.‎ ‎     A soon-to-be-started Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the creation of Web-based Encyclopedia （百科全书）of Life（EoL）. The project aims to list every species on Earth in a single, easy-to-use reference guide.‎ To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from scientific databases （数据库） that already exist. And eventually, in special sections of the site, non-scientists with specialized knowledge will come to help. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input what birds they’ve seen and where. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate, scientists will review much of the information added to it. ‎ ‎      As the EoL develops, you might find it useful for school projects. The site will feature （以……为特色）special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems in their neighborhoods. Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you’ll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interests, age, and knowledge.‎ ‎       It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species. The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed up that Process.‎ ‎60. The Web-based EoL aims to__________ .‎ A. find out what covers the earth B. list all living things on Earth C. work out the number of birds D. save the existing plants ‎61. One characteristic of the EoL is that__________ .‎ A. it is run by school students B. it focuses on different types of grass C. it provides different levels of information D. it allows non-scientists to review its data ‎62. In the last paragraph, "that process" means__________ .‎ A. analyzing species B. creating a new tool C. collecting data D. describing species 答案 ‎ ‎60. B 解析:这是一道细节推断题。根据第二段最后一句“The project aims to list every species on Earth in a single,easy-to-use reference guide.”可知网上百科全书的目标建立一个简单易用的指引来列出地球上的所有物种。‎ ‎61. C 解析:这是一道推理题。根据第四段“Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you’ll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interests,age,and knowledge.”你可以找到适合自己的兴趣、年龄和知识水平的信息,也就是说EoL有多层次信息适用于不同年龄段和兴趣以及知识水平的受众。‎ ‎62. C 解析:这是一道词义推断题。根据最后一段,“that process”就是指前一句中提到的工作,前一句是“It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.”科学家花费了很多年来搜集用来分析和描述物种的数据,所以“that process”指的是搜集数据。干扰项是A和D,分析和描述物种都是数据的用途而非在进行的工作。 ‎ 第3题(年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（天津卷）)D In meditation(冥想)，people sit quietly and focus their attention on their breath . As they breathe in and out , they attend to their feelings . As thoughts go through their minds. they let them go. Breathe . Let go . Breathe . Let go ‎ According to a recent study at the Insight Meditation Society in Barre‎, ‎Massachusetts. Three months of training in this kind of meditation causes a market change in how the brain allocates(分配) attention. It appears that the ability to let go thoughts that come into mind frees the brain to attend to more rapidly changing things and events in the outside world. Expert mediators are better than other people at catching such fast-changing stimuli( 刺激), like facial expressions. ‎ The study provides evidence for changes in the workings of the brain with mental training. People can learn and improve abilities of all sorts with practice. everything from driving to playing the piano. The study has shown that meditation is good for the brain, It appears to reduce pressure and promote a sense of well-being. ‎ In an experiment , 17 volunteers with no meditation experience in the experimental group spent three months meditating 10 to 12 hours a day . A control group also with no meditation experience meditated for 20 minutes a day over the same period . Both groups were then given the tests with two numbers in a group of letters. As both group looked for the numbers , their brain activity was recorded. ‎ Everyone could catch the first number. But the brain recordings showed that the less experienced mediators tended to grasp the first number and hang onto it, so they missed the second number . Those with more experience gave less attention to the first number . as if letting it go , which led to an increased ability to grasp the second number , This shows that attention can change with practice. ‎ Just ask Daniel Levision , who meditated for three months as part of the study . ”I am a much better listener, ” he said. “ I do not get lost in my own personal reaction to what people are saying. ”‎ ‎48. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refers to     ‎ A. feelings    B. minds         C. people   D. thoughts ‎49. Meditations manage their daily tasks better because they      ‎ A. are given less pressure B. allocate their attention better ‎ C. have more stimuli for life D. practice them more frequently ‎50. In the experiment, volunteers doing meditation for longer hours     ‎ A. were more likely to catch both of the members ‎ B. were used to memorizing numbers in groups C. usually ignored the first number observed D. paid more attention to numbers than to letters ‎51. The study proves that      ‎ A. meditation improves one’s health B. brain activity can be recorded C. human attention can be trained D. mediators have a good sense of hearing 答案 ‎ ‎48. D 解析:这是一道指代题。根据第一段“As thoughts go though their minds,they let them go.”当想法进入意识,冥想者忽略它们，可知忽略的是“thoughts”。‎ ‎49. B 解析:这是一道推断题。根据第二段“three months of training in this kind of meditation cause a marked change in how the brain allocates attention. ”可以推断出冥想者更好管理日常任务是因为大脑可以更好地安排调节注意力。‎ ‎50. A 解析:这是一道推断题。根据倒数第二段“Those with more experience gave less attention to the first number,as if letting it go which let to an increased ability to grasp the second number.”可以推断出冥想训练多的人群虽然不对第一个数字关注那么多,但是抓住第二个数字的能力增强了,也就是说这些人更能同时记住两个数字。‎ ‎51. C 解析:这是一道归纳题。本文主要介绍冥想训练对大脑安排注意力的好处,证明了人的注意力是可以训练的。 ‎ 第5题(年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（天津卷）)E When we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power. But what are these really, and how do they operate?‎ Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things, If this is even possible. it is short-term , and tends to backfire. If you order someone to do something against their will. they may do it because they feel they must , but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long-term , They will also experience fear. ‎ Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best . If they associate you with this emotion of fear. They will become less functional around you , and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot . but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively . Fear has no place in leadership. ‎ The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion. We can order someone to do something , which may be part of the work day; or we can employ them at the emotional level , so they became fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation(积极性)。Today’s work place is all about relationships as a human being as well as a worker. Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like. Leaders understand the way things work. They know the pay check is not the single most motivating factor (因素) in the work life of most people. ‎ The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence---knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of others . Developing your emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationships with people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills . ‎ ‎52. An employee may have a feeling of fear in the work place when___. ‎ A. he is forced to do things B. be cannot work at his best ‎ C. . he feels his brain shut down D. he thinks of his work as too heavy ‎ ‎53. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. People tend to associate leadership with fear ‎ B. Working conditions affect people’s physical health C. Good relationship is the key to business success D. Smart people are more functional in the work place. ‎ ‎54. To positively influence employees a leader should first of all __‎ A. provide better suggestions B. develop his own personality C. five his employees a pay raise D. hide his own emotion of fear ‎ ‎55.Good leadership is mainly seen in a leader’s ability to___‎ A . provide a variety of project for employees B. help raise employee’s living standards C. give employees specific instructions D. deal wisely with employees’ emotions 答案 ‎ ‎52. A 解析:这是一道推断题。根据第二段“If you order someone to do something against their will,they may do it because they feel they must..They will also experience fear.”所以恐惧来自于违反意愿而被强制做某事。‎ ‎53. C 解析:这是一道判断正误题。根据最后一段“The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence.”可以判断出好的上下级关系是工作成功的保障。‎ ‎54. B 解析:这是一道推断题。根据第四段“or we can employ them at the emotional level,so they become fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation.”和第五段“Anyone works harder in a positive environment in which they’re recognized and valued as a human being as well as a worker.”可以推断出应该让被雇佣者发挥自己的能动性和个性,才能更好完成工作。‎ ‎55. D 解析:这是一道推断题。根据最后一段“The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence—knowing your own emotions,and how to handle them,and those of others.”可以判断出这里面“others”就是指被雇佣者,所以好的领导者可以更好地处理被雇佣者的情绪。 ‎ 第6题(年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（辽宁卷）)A What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology(生物技术). With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Today's leading killers, such as heart diseases, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memory.‎ ‎    In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells(细胞) are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs(器官). The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on---in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.‎ ‎    It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic conditional human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.‎ ‎56. According to the passage, human death is now mainly caused by _______.‎ A. diseases and aging                B. accidents and war C. accidents and aging               D. heart diseases and war ‎57.In the author's opinon, today's most important advance in technology lies in _____.‎ A. medicine      B. the internet     C. brain cells    D. human organs ‎58. Humans may live longer in the future because ______.‎ A. heart disease will be far away from us B. human brains can decide the final death C. the basic materials of cells will last forever D. human organs can be repaired by new medicine ‎59. We can learn from the passage that _____.‎ A. human life will not last more than 120 years in the future B. human have to take medicine to build new skin cells now C. much needs to be done before humans can have a longer life D. we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells.‎ 答案 ‎ ‎56. A 解析:这是一道细节题。根据第一段“Today’s leading killers,such as heart disease,cancer,and aging itself,will become distant memories.”可知导致人类死亡的主要原因是疾病和衰老。‎ ‎57. A 解析:这是一道推断题。根据第二段“But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times.”可以推断出医药的改变是我们这个时代发展最大的技术。‎ ‎58. D 解析:这是一道推断题。根据第二段“But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine...medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so,people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs.”可知医药将能够修复人的器官使人活得更长。‎ ‎59. C 解析:这是一道推断题。根据最后一段“but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.”可知还有很多技术问题需要解决,才能实现(延长人类生命的目的)。 ‎ 第7题(年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（江苏卷）) D ‎ Thinking Some scientists claim that we humans are the only living things that are conscious(有意识的)-we alone are aware that we are thinking.‎ No one knows how consciousness works –it is one of science’s last great mysteries.‎ All your thoughts take place in the cerebrum(大脑皮质),which is at the top of your brain, and different kinds of thought are linked to different areas, areas, called association areas.‎ Each half of the cerebrum has four rounded ends called lobes(脑叶)-two at the front (frontal and temporal lobes)and two at the back (occipital and parietal lobes).‎ The frontal lobe is linked to your personality and it is where you have your bright ideas.‎ The temporal lobe is where you hear and understand what people say to you.‎ The occipital lobe is where you work out what your eyes see.‎ The parietal lobe is where you record touch, heat and cold, and pain.‎ The left half of the brain controls the right side of the body. The right half controls the left side.‎ One half of the brain is always dominant (in charge).Usually, the left brain is dominant, which is why 90% of people are right-handed.‎ ‎68.Which part of your cerebrum is most active when you are making a telephone call?‎ A. The frontal lobe. B. The temporal lobe. C. The occipital lobe.      D. The parietal lobe.‎ ‎69.Which of the following statements is true?‎ A. One’s personality has something to do with the frontal lobe.‎ B. Bright ideas come from the parietal lobe.‎ C. The occipital and temperal lobes are at the back of the cerebrum.‎ D. The occipital lobe is in charge of sound.‎ ‎70.From the passage, we know the reason why around 10% of people are left-handed is that _______.‎ A.their frontal lobe is usually dominant                B.their temporal lobe is usually dominant C.their right brain is usually dominant                 D.their left brain is usually dominant 答案 ‎ ‎68. B 解析:这是一道细节题。根据短文中的“The temporal lobe is where you hear and understand what people say to you.”可判断出当你打电话时temporal lobe最活跃,因为它是听见和理解人们对你说什么的部位。‎ ‎69. A 解析:这是一道正误判断题。根据短文中的“The frontal lobe is linked to your personality and it is where you have your bright ideas.”可判断出选项A是正确的。‎ ‎70.:C 解析:这是一道细节题。根据短文中的“Usually,the left brain is dominant,which is why 90% of people are right-handed.”可判断出一个人是左撇子的原因是他的右脑处于支配地位。 ‎ 第8题(年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（福建卷）)C ‎       Scientists have found what look like caves on Mars(火星), and say they could be protecting life from the planet’s terrible environment.‎ ‎       The first caves discovered beyond the Earth appear as seven mysterious black dots on the pictures sent back by NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter. Each as large as a football field, they may be openings into natural caves below the Martian surface.‎ ‎       “If there is life on Mars, there is a good chance you’d find it in caves,” said Jut Wynne,one of the researchers who noticed the features while working on a US Geological Survey Mars Cave Detection Program.‎ ‎       Jonathan Clarke, a geologist with the Mars Society of Australia, yesterday described the discovery as exciting.‎ ‎        One photo taken at night by an infrared imager(红外线成像器) showed one hole to be unusually warm, suggesting hot air trapped during the day is flowing out.‎ ‎        “I said:‘Wow, that’s a cave’” Dr. Clarke said excitedly. “People have been looking for these for a long time; now we have found them.”‎ ‎         He agreed such caves would be perfect places to hunt for life escaping from the bitterly cold, radiation-soaked(充满辐射的), dry surface.‎ ‎       “Tiny drops of water could collect inside,” he said. “If there are gases coming out, they could provide energy for a whole range of bacteria. A cave is also a protection from radiation; the surface of Mars is exposed to high levels of space radiation.”‎ ‎        The caves probably formed when tube-shaped lave flows(管状岩浆流) spread across the planet long ago. The outside of the tubes cooled, forming solid walls, while something hotter inside allowed the remaining have to flow out, forming caves.‎ ‎64.What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A. How the caves were formed on Mars. B. How scientists found these caves on Mars.‎ C. Caves on Mars may be full of hot air or a sign of life.‎ D. Scientists have completely recognized the surface of Mars.‎ ‎65.We can learn from the passage that           .‎ A. water has already been found on Mars B. the scientists found all the caves at night C.it is certain that there is life in these caves D.the surface of Mars is bitterly cold, radiation-soaked and dry ‎66.According to the passage, Dr. Clarke was so excited because        .‎ A.such caves could provide energy for life B.they had finally found the caves on Mars C.such caves would be perfect places to hunt for life D.scientists had long been looking for these caves ‎67.Necessary conditions for life on Mars mentioned in the passage may include        .‎ A.lava and energy B.water and radiation from space C.gases and lava D.water and protection from radiation 答案 ‎ ‎64C 解析：这是一道主旨题。本文主要介绍了科学家在火星上发现一些坑洞，这些坑洞可以聚集热空气和水分，使生命出现变得可能。本文也描述了这些坑洞发现的过程和形成原因，但都不是主要描述的内容，所以A项和B项不全面。‎ ‎65. D 解析：这是一道判断题。根据倒数第三段“He agreed such caves would be perfect places to hunt for life escaping from the bitterly cold, radiation-soaked, dry surface.”可以判断出火星表面是个极端寒冷、充满辐射、干燥的地方。A、C选项都是文中的推测，并没有得出明确的结论。‎ ‎66. B 解析：这是一道推断题。根据第六段Dr.Clarke的表述“People have been looking for these for a long time；now we have found them.”可知Clarke教授的喜悦是因为人们找这些坑洞很长时间了，现在终于找到了。‎ ‎67. D 解析：这是一道归纳题。根据坑洞中可能出现生命以及倒数第二段“Tiny drops of water could collect inside,”和“A cave is also a protection from radiation”可以归纳出生命产生需要水和避免辐射。 ‎ 第9题(年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（福建卷）) E ‎       Dogs wag(摇摆) their tails in different directions depending on whether they are excited and wanting to move forward or threatened and thinking of moving back, a study has found.‎ ‎       Researchers in Italy  examined the tail wagging behaviour of 30 dogs, catching their responses to a range of stimuli(刺激物) with video cameras. To conduct the study they chose 15 male dogs and 15 female ones aged between one and six years. The dogs were all family pets whose owners had allowed them to take part in the experiment at Bari‎ ‎University. The dogs were placed in a large wooden box with an opening at the front to allow for them to view various stimuli. They were tested one at a time.‎ ‎       The researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the University‎ of ‎Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their owners—a positive experience—their tails wagged energetically to the right side. When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right, but with somewhat less enthusiasm. The appearance of a cat again caused a right-hand side wag, although with less intensity again. The appearance of a large unfamiliar dog, similar to a German shepherd, changed the direction of tail wagging to the left. Researchers supposed the dog was thinking of moving back. When the dogs were not shown any stimuli they tended to wag their tails to the left, suggesting they preferred company. While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood (心情) of dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.‎ ‎71.The video cameras were used to catch the dogs’ responses because      .‎ A.it was easier to catch the dogs’ response changes in the tail wagging B.the dogs were put in the wooden boxes and tested one at a time.‎ C.they enabled the dogs’ owners to know about their dogs’ habit D.the dogs wagged their tails in different directions when they were in different moods ‎72.The underlined word “intensity” in the passage means        .‎ A.surprise                     B.worry                       C.excitement                 D.interest ‎73.When there are no stimuli, a dog will         .‎ A.wag to the left                                              B.wag to the right C.not wag at all                                                D.wag to the left and then to the right ‎74.The underlined word “they” refers to         .‎ A.the dogs                    B.the trainers                C.the systems               D.the researchers ‎75.The purpose of doing the experiment is         .‎ A.to train dogs for their owners                         B.to help people judge the mood of dogs C.to help dogs find company                             D.to help people choose their pet dogs 答案 ‎ ‎71. A 解析：这是一道细节判断题。根据最后一段“While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video,it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood of dogs.”可以推断出如果没有摄像机的帮助，人们很难发现狗尾巴摇动的变化，所以摄像机是使得观察更加容易。‎ ‎72. C 解析：这是一道词义猜测题。第三段是几个排比的句子，画线词和前面的“energetically”和“enthusiasm”都是同义词。‎ ‎73. A 解析：这是一道细节判断题。根据第三段“When the dogs were not shown any stimuli they tended to wag their tails to the left...”可知没有刺激的时候，狗的尾巴是摇向左边的。‎ ‎74. B 解析：这是一道指代题。根据“Computer and video systems,for example,could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.”approach 是“接近”的意思，由于是驯狗师被要求接近狗而不能是狗被要求接近驯狗师，所以they指代的是dog trainers。‎ ‎75. B 解析：这是一道归纳题。根据最后一段“While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video,it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood of dogs.”可以推断出这个研究可以帮助人们判断狗的情绪。 ‎ 第10题(年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（湖北卷）) D ‎    Over the last 70 years, researchers have been studying happy and unhappy people and finally found out ten factors that make a difference. Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes. However, of all the factors, wealth and age are the top two.‎ ‎    Money can buy a degree of happiness. But once you can afford to feed, clothe and house yourself, each extra dollar makes less and less difference.‎ ‎    Researchers find that, on average, wealthier people are happier. But the link between money and happiness is complex. In the past half-century, average income has sharply increased in developed countries, yet happiness levels have remained almost the same. Once your basic needs are met, money only seems to increase happiness if you have more than your friends, neighbors and colleagues.‎ ‎“Dollars buy status, and status makes people feel better,” conclude some experts, which helps explain why people who can seek status in other ways-scientists or actors, for example-may happily accept relatively poorly-paid jobs.‎ In a research, Professor Alex Michalos found that the people whose desires-not just for money, but for friends, family, job, health-rose furthest beyond what they already had, tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap (差距)。Indeed, the size of the gap predicted happiness about five times better than income alone. “The gap measures just blow away the only measures of income.” says Michalos.‎ ‎       Another factor that has to do with happiness is age. Old age may not be so bad“Given all the problems of aging, how could the elderly be more satisfied？”asks Professor Laura Carstensen.‎ ‎       In one survey, Carstensen interviewed 184 people between the ages of 18 and 94, and asked them to fill out an emotions questionnaire. She found that old people reported positive emotions just as often as young people, Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it, or they’re more realistic about their time running out, older people have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of those that don’t.‎ ‎       “People realize not only what they have, but also that what they have cannot last forever,” she says. “A goodbye kiss to a husband or wife at the age of 85, for example, may bring far more complex emotional responses than a similar kiss to a boy or girl friend at the age of 20.”‎ ‎72.According to the passage, the feeling of happiness        .‎ A.is determined partly by genes B.increases gradually with age C.has little to do with wealth D.is measured by desires ‎72.Some actors would like to accept poorly-paid jobs because the jobs      .‎ A.make them feel much better B.provide chances to make friends C.improse their social position D.satisfy their professional interests ‎74.Aged people are more likely to feel happy because they are more       .‎ A.optimistic                  B.successful          C.practical             D. emotional ‎75.Professor Alex Michalos found that people feel less happy if         .‎ A.the gap between reality and desire is bigger B.they have a stronger desire for friendship C.their income is below their expectation D.the hope for good health is greater 答案 ‎ ‎72. A 解析:这是一道推断题。根据第一段“Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes.”可以推断出幸福感在一定程度上由基因决定。‎ ‎73. C 解析:这是一道推断题。根据第四段“‘Dollars buy status,and status makes people feel better’...which helps explain why people who can seek status in other way—scientists or actors,for example—may happily accept relatively poorly-paid jobs.”可以推断出演员接受收入低的工作是为了提升社会地位,使自己感觉更好。‎ ‎74. C 解析:这是一道归纳题。根据倒数第二段“Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it,or they’re more realistic about their goals”可以推断出老年人对待目标更加实际,所以可以感觉更幸福。‎ ‎75. A 解析:这是一道推断题。根据第五段“people whose desires...rose furthest beyond what they already had,tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap.”可以推断出,如果现实和欲望差距比较大,比起相差不大的人幸福感差,也就是说感觉相对不幸福。 ‎ 第11题(年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（湖南卷）) A ‎    In June, , a group of students from eight high schools in Winnipeg, the capital of Canada’s Manitoba province, will begin test-launching (试发射) a satellite the size of a Rubik’s cube. ‎ ‎    The one-kilogram Win-Cub satellite, named for its home city and its shape, will be put into low orbit. Once in space, it can perform for a few months or up to several years, communicating information that could help find the signs of earthquakes. ‎ ‎    There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide, but this is the first high-school based program of its kind in Canada. 30 Manitoba high school students are having a hand in designing and building the satellite, in cooperation with aerospace (航空航天的) experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba, and with support from two other organizations. ‎ ‎    The Win-Cube project is not something that goes on a piece of paper; it is real-world engineering, allowing high school students to have an opportunity to learn more about the exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challenging program. It is also taken as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba. Designing, building and launching a satellite with high-school participation will bring this world-class educational project into reality and Manitoba closer to space. ‎ ‎    “These Manitoba high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasm, innovation (创新), and a strong love for discovery,” said Education, Citizenship and Youth Minister Peter Bjomson. “We want to make science more relevant (相关的), interesting and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate to practical experience in the workplace or, in this case, in space,” Bjomson added. ‎ ‎    The Win-Cube program is mainly named at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students. It also shows Manitoba’s devotion to research and innovation and the development of a skilled workforce—all important drivers of knowledge-based economic growth. ‎ ‎56. According to the passage, the Win-Cube satellite is _________. ‎ ‎   A. named after Manitoba and its shape                B. intended for international communication ‎ ‎   C. designed like a Rubik’s cube both in shape and size ‎ ‎   D. challenged by university students around the world ‎57. According to Mr. Bjomson, ___________. ‎ ‎   A. those Manitoba high school students are worth praising ‎   B. the study of space can be practically made in classrooms ‎   C. Manitoba high schools are famous for the study of space ‎ ‎   D. scientific research is too far away from high school students ‎ ‎58. The primary purpose of the project is to _________. ‎ ‎   A. find the early signs of earthquakes             B. relate studies to practical ‎ ‎   C. help high school students study real-world engineering ‎   D. inspire a strong desire for discovery among the students ‎59. The best title for this passage may be ________. ‎ ‎   A. Manitoba‎ ‎School        B. Win-Cube Program         C. Space Co-operation ‎   D. Satellite Launching ‎ 答案 ‎ ‎56. C 解析:这是一道推断题,根据第一段“will begin test-launching (试发射) a satellite the size of a Rubik’s cube.”和第二段“The one-kilogram Win-Cub satellite,named for its home city and its shape”可以推断出Win-Cub的形状和大小都像Rubik’s cube。‎ ‎57. A 解析:这是一道推断题。根据第五段“These Manitoba high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasm,innovation,and a strong love for discovery,”可以判断出Mr.Bjomson给学生们很高的评价。‎ ‎58. D 解析:这是一道推断题。根据最后一段“The Win-Cube program is mainly aimed at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students.”可知这个计划最早是为了激发学生探索的欲望。‎ ‎59. B 解析:这是一道主旨题。本文主要介绍了一个中学生和航天人员共同研发制造一个航天卫星的计划,旨在激发学生们的探索和创造力。 ‎ 第12题(年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语（四川卷）)D ‎    Sorry to say, our brains pastorally start slowing down at the cruelly young age of 30. It used to be thought that this couldn’t be helped，but new studies show that people of any age can train their brains ‎ to work faster.“Your brain is a learning machine,” says University‎ of ‎California scientist Dr. Michael Merzenich. Given the right tools, we can train our brains to act like they did when we were younger. All that’s required is the practice designed just for the purpose: a few exercises for the mind.‎ ‎    Merzenich has developed a computer-based training method to speed up the process (过程) in which the brain deals with information (positscience com ). Since much of the data we receive comes through speech, the Brain Fitness Program works with language mad hearing to better speed and accuracy (准确性).‎ ‎    Over the course of training, the program starts asking you to distinguish (辨别)sounds (between “dog” and “bog”, for example) at an increasingly faster speed. It’s a bit like tennis instructor, says Merzenich, hitting balk at you faster and faster to keep you challenged(受到挑战). You may start out slow, but before long you’re pretty quick.‎ ‎    The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your blain to learn，it will learn. And it may even speed up while in the process.‎ ‎    To keep your brain young and plastic you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and excite you：playing table tennis or bridge，doing crossword puzzles，learning a language....“When it comes to preventing ageing，you really do use it or lose it’s，”says Barbara Sahakian, professor at Cambridge University.‎ ‎67. Dr. Merzenich’s training method mainly depends on______________.‎ A. speech training                               B. computer languages C. the activities one joins in                      D. the information being dealt with ‎68. By saying “the brain to any is highly plastic”, the writer probably means the brain can be___________.‎ A. used               B. mastered               C. developed           D. researched ‎69. What can we learn from the text?‎ A. Practice makes a quick mind.‎ B. Brain research started ten yeas ago.‎ C. Dr. Merzenich is a scientist in computer.‎ D. People believed nothing could stop the brain slowing down.‎ ‎70. Which of the following agrees with the writer’s idea?‎ A. The training methods work better for the old.‎ B. People should use the brain to stop it from ageing.‎ C. The training of the brain should start at an early age.‎ D. It’s necessary to take part in as many activities as possible.‎ 答案 ‎ ‎67. A 解析：这是一道推断题。根据第二段“Since much of the data we receive comes through speech,the Brain Fitness Program works with language and hearing to better speed and accuracy”可知我们大多数信息来自语言，所以这个训练从语言和听力开始。‎ ‎68. C 解析：这是一道推断题。画线词的意思是任何年龄阶段的大脑可塑性都很强，也就意味着可以通过训练来提高大脑反应速度。这一点在第四段的“And it may even speed up while in the process.”也有描述。‎ ‎69. D 解析：这是一道推断题。根据第一段“Sorry to say,our brains naturally start slowing down at the Cruelty young age of 30.It used to be thought that this couldn’t be helped,”可知人们认为没有什么可以阻止大脑反应变慢。‎ ‎70. B 解析：这是一道主旨题。根据最后一段“To keep your brain young and plastic you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and excite you”可知作者认为人们应该进行一些活动来是大脑更灵活，防止衰老。 ‎ 第13题(年普通高等学校春季招生考试英语（上海卷）)‎ Saturday 28 April, 2001: Dennis Tito was setting off on his holiday. Mr. Tito’s journey was certainly unusual! So was the transport he chose, and the price of his trip.‎ ‎    The 60-year-old multi-millionaire from New York was sitting on board a Russian spaceship. He was on a journey to the International Space Station. It might have been a routine trip for the two astronauts who were traveling with him, but for him it was certainly no ordinary journey. Dennis Tito was the first tourist ever in space, and he had paid the sum of $20 million to go there. As the spacecraft left the earth’s atmosphere, Tito drank a glass of fruit juice to celebrate and looked down at the earth’s blue-green surface. Two minutes later, he was sick. Luckily it was only a minor problem. He soon recovered, and from then on enjoyed a smooth journey. When he arrived at the space station, there was a big smile on his face. “A great trip!” he commented. “I love space.”‎ ‎    For a long time space travel was something for heroes. But all this is going to change. Companies like ProSpace are investing large amounts of money in space travel. They want space and space travel to belong to the public, not just governments. There are other plans, like voyages through space from one side of the world to the other. Maybe we will be able to depart from New York at nine o’clock in the morning, and arrive an hour later-- in Tokyo! Such a schedule would allow the business traveler to return to New York on the same day, and still have eight hours for a meeting! ‎ ‎65.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?‎ A.Business Travelers B.Space Tourists C.A Space Exploration D.A Frightening Adventure ‎66.According to the passage, Dennis Tito    .‎ A.enjoyed his trip very much     B.was too sick to eat anything in space C.suffered a lot during the trip    D.didn’t think the trip was worthwhile ‎67.Which of the following statements is tree according to the passage?‎ A.Tito was the first American tourist in space.‎ B.Tito contributed all of his wealth to his space trip.‎ C.Tito visited the Russian Space Station during his trip.‎ D.Space travel has become a routine for Tito since then.‎ ‎68.It can be expected from the passage that    .‎ A.space travel will belong to the public instead of governments B.airplanes will some day reach the speed of space vehicles C.can will be able to circle the earth within less than an hour D.travel between two places on earth will be made through space 答案 ‎ ‎65—68：BAAD ‎ 第14题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语全国卷Ⅰ)‎ ‎     Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds (灰狗) and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy! Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive(好斗的) because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children. ‎ ‎    Greyhounds can live for 12 – 14 years but usually only race for two or three years, and after that they make great pets. They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size.‎ ‎    Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these.‎ ‎    Greyhounds have smooth body coats, low body fat and are very healthy. Because they’re slim (苗条的) they don’t have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold, especially since they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside.‎ ‎56. The text is written mainly______.‎ A. to tell people how to raise greyhounds B. to let people know more about greyhounds C. to explain why greyhounds are aggressive D. to describe greyhounds of different colors ‎57. It can be inferred that greyhounds_______.‎ A. love big doghouses B. like staying in bed all day C. make the best guard dogs D. need some exercise outdoors ‎58. Why does the author say that greyhounds make great pets?‎ A. They are big in size. B. They live a very long life.‎ C. They can run races for some time. D. They are quiet and easy to look after.‎ ‎59. If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important________.‎ A. to keep it slim B. to keep it warm C. to take special care of its legs ‎ D. to take it to animal doctors regularly 答案 56.B 57.D 58.D 59.B ‎ ‎56.解析略 ‎57.解析：这是一道推断题。从第一段“They can actually be quite lazy”和“they do need regular excise”可以推断出灰狗比较懒惰，需要锻炼，选D。从“misunderstanding”和“greyhounds must be aggressive”可知灰狗并不好斗，A不对。文中说到灰狗怕冷，所以不会总是在外面，B不对。灰狗是great pets，而不是guard dogs，C也不对。‎ ‎58.解析：这是一道细节题。根据第二段最后一句，“They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size ”可知它们很安静，容易照顾。‎ ‎59.解析：这是一道推断题。从最后一句，“But they do feel the clod… ”可知灰狗比较怕冷，需要注意保暖。‎ ‎ ‎ 第15题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语北京卷)‎ ‎     While parents, particularly mothers, have always been attached to their infants (婴儿), societal conditions frequently made this attachment difficult to maintain (保持). First of all, the high infant death rate in the premodern times meant that such attachments often ended in hopelessness. Perhaps to ‎ prevent the sadness that infant death caused, a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child. ‎ ‎    One of these premodern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year. Another practice that discouraged maternal (母亲的) attachment was tightly wrapping (包裹) infants. Wrapping effectively prevented the close physical interactions like stroking (抚摸) and kissing that are so much a part of modern mothers' and fathers' affection for their infants.‎ ‎    A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing. Breast-feeding (母乳哺育) was not popular among the well-to-do in the early modern times; infants were often fed by wet nurses hired for the purpose. In some places, such as nineteenth-century France, city infants were sent to wet nurses in the country. Often a wet nurse would feed her own child first, leaving little milk for the city infant—who, in many cases, died. In Rouen, the death rate for children sent to a wet nurse was 35 percent.‎ ‎68. Babies were unnamed until they were two so that _______.‎ ‎    A. an old social custom could be kept up B. maternal attachment could be maintained ‎    C. they could have better chances to survive D. their parents would not be too sad if they died ‎69. Why were babies wrapped?‎ ‎    A. To protect them from the cold. B. To distance their mothers from them.‎ ‎    C. To make them feel more comfortable. D. To make it easy for their mothers to hold them.‎ ‎70. Wet nurses were women who________.‎ ‎    A. babysat city infants B. fed babies of other families ‎    C. sent their babies to the country D. failed to look after their babies ‎71. Which is the best title for the passage?‎ ‎    A. Societal Conditions in Premodern Times ‎    B. Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment ‎    C. Poor Health Service and High Infant Death Rate ‎    D. Differences between Modem and Premodern Parents 答案 ‎ ‎68.D 69.B 70.B 71.B ‎68．解析：这是一道判断题。从第一段“Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused”，可知答案是D。‎ ‎69．解析：这是一道细节推断题。从第二段“Another practice that discouraged maternal attachment was tightly wrapping infants.”可知，wrapping的目的是减少母亲的接触，让母亲远离孩子一些。因此选B。‎ ‎70．解析：这是一道细节推断题。从最后一段“infants were fed by wet nurses hired”可知，wet nurses是喂养别人的婴儿的女人。‎ ‎71．解析：这是一道主旨题。文中讲了各种pre-modern attachment-discouraging practices的方法，因此，title应是B。‎ 第16题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语北京卷)‎ ‎     A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities (个性) and food experiences. “One ‎ week later,” Loftus says, “we told those people we'd fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail (细节): “You got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream.” The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人为促生的) memory through leading questions—Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they'd avoid eating it. ‎ ‎    When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it's not that easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don't eat on a regular basis. But most important, it is likely that false memories can be implanted (灌输) only in people who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral, even if a doctor believes it's for the patient's benefit.‎ ‎    Loftus says there's nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. “I say, wake up—parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that's a more moral lie. Decide that for yourself.”‎ ‎72. Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions?‎ ‎    A. To improve her computer program. B. To find out their attitudes towards food.‎ ‎    C. To find out details she can make use of D. To predict what food they'll like in the future.‎ ‎73. What did Loftus find out from her research?‎ ‎    A. People believe what the computer tells them.‎ ‎    B. People can be led to believe in something false.‎ ‎    C. People tend to forget their childhood experiences.‎ ‎    D. People are not always aware of their personalities.‎ ‎74. According to the study, people may stop having a certain food if they ________.‎ ‎    A. learn it is harmful for health B. lie to themselves that they don't want it ‎    C. are willing to let doctors control their minds ‎    D. think they once had a bad experience of eating it ‎75. What is the biggest concern with the method?‎ ‎    A. Whether it is moral. B. Who it is best for.‎ ‎    C. When it is effective. D. How it should be used. ‎ 答案 ‎ ‎72.C  73.B  74.D  75.A ‎72．解析：这是一道细节推断题。Loftus教授“asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities and food experiences”，答题的目的是详细描述摄入食物的经验。‎ ‎73．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据：“it is likely that false memories can be implanted ”可知人们易于接受错误的信息并保持这一信息。‎ ‎74．解析：这是一道细节题。从文中举的一个某次吃草莓冰淇淋导致不舒服就避免吃可以得到结论。‎ ‎75．解析：这是一道判断题。由最后一句“you might think that’s a moral lie. Decide that for yourself ”可知。‎ 第17题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语天津卷)‎ ‎    If you are lost in the mountains, stay calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival (生存). Many people think that preparing necessary equipment and knowing how to use it are very important, but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear. ‎ ‎    Find a hiding place.‎ ‎    Unnecessary labor will make you sweat and make you cold. Find a hiding place around you before trying to start your own construction. If you are in a snow-covered area, you may be able to dig a cave in deep snow for protection from the wind. You should try to hide yourself in the middle of the mountain if possible. Stay out of the valleys — cold air falls, and the valley floor can be the coldest area on the mountain.‎ ‎    Signal rescuers for help.‎ ‎    The best time to signal rescuers is during the day. Signal for help from the highest point possible — it will be easier for rescuers to see you, and any sound you make will travel farther. If you take a box of matches and a space blanket (a special blanket for traveling), build three smoky fires and put your blanket — gold side facing out — on the ground.‎ ‎    Do not walk away.‎ ‎    It will make finding you more difficult, as search teams will be trying to follow your path and may miss you if you have gone off in a different direction. Searchers often end up finding a car with no one in it.‎ ‎    If you get frostbite (冻伤), do not rewarm the affected area until you’re out of danger.‎ ‎    You can walk on frostbitten feet, but once you warm the area and can feel the pain, you will not want to walk anywhere. Try to protect the frostbitten area and keep it dry until you are rescued.‎ ‎36. When lost in the mountains, you can increase your chances of survival if you      .‎ ‎    A. take a space blanket with you B. do more physical labor ‎    C. try to find a car immediately D. walk as far as possible to find help ‎37. According to the passage, people most probably fail to survive if they      .‎ ‎    A. do not take enough equipment B. stay in the middle of the mountain ‎    C. do not keep themselves warm D. stay in a snow-covered area ‎38. What can we infer from the passage?‎ ‎    A. Don’t travel by yourself. B. Mountain traveling is dangerous.‎ ‎    C. Don’t get frightened in danger. D. Avoid going to unfamiliar places. ‎ 答案 ‎ ‎36. A   37. C   38. C ‎ ‎36.解析：这是一道判断题。全文介绍了增加生存机会的方法，与选项对照A符合。B和D在第二段第一句“Unnecessary labor will make you sweat and make you cold”就可看出是不符合的。C项根本没有提到，也不符合。‎ ‎37．解析：这是一道判断题。A是大多数人认为死亡的原因，而不是文中讲到的实际原因，因此不对；B是文中讲到能够生存的一种方法，因此也不对；D并不是死亡的必然原因，因此也不对。因此选C。‎ ‎38．解析：这是一道主旨题。从第一段最后一句“but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear”可知，B正确。‎ 第18题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语天津卷)‎ ‎     Researchers are placing robotic dogs (机器狗) in the homes of lonely old people to determine whether they can improve the quality of life for humans. Alan Beck, an expert in human-animal relationship, and Nancy Edwards, a professor of nursing, are leading the animal-assisted study concerning the influence of robotic dogs on old people’s depression, physical activity, and life satisfaction. “No one will argue that an older person is better off being more active, challenged, or stimulated (刺激) ,” Edwards points out. “The problem is how we promote(使……成为现实)that, especially for those without friends or help. A robotic dog could be a solution.” ‎ ‎    In the study, the robot, called AIBO, is placed for six weeks in the houses of some old people who live alone. Before placing AIBO in the home, researchers will collect baseline data for six weeks. These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activity before and after AIBO. Then, the researchers will review the data to determine if it has inspired any changes in the life of its owner.‎ ‎    “I talk to him all the time, and he responds to my voice,” says a seventy-year-old lady.“When I’m watching TV, he’ll stay in my arms until he wants down. He has a mind of his own.”‎ ‎     The AIBOs respond to certain orders. The researchers say they have some advantages over live dogs, especially for old people. Often the elderly are disabled and cannot care for an animal by walking it or playing with it. A robotic dog removes exercise and feeding concerns.‎ ‎    “At the beginning, it was believed that no one would relate to the robotic dog, because it was metal and not furry,” Beck says. “But it’s amazing how quickly we have given up that belief.‎ ‎   “Hopefully, down the road, these robotic pets could become a more-valuable health helper. They will record their masters’ blood pressure, oxygen levels, or heart rhythms. AIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate older people’s minds.”‎ ‎48. The purpose of Beck and Edwards’ study is to ______ ‎ ‎    A. understand human-animal relationship B. make lonely old people’s life better ‎    C. find the causes of old people’s loneliness D. promote the animal-assisted research ‎49. In the research, the old people are asked to ______ ‎ ‎    A. note the activities of AIBOs B. keep AIBOs at home for 12 weeks ‎    C. record their feelings and activity D. analyze the collected information ‎50. What is the advantage of AIBO over live dogs?‎ ‎    A. It is easier to keep at home. B. It can help the disabled people.‎ ‎    C. It responds to all the human orders. D. It can watch TV with its owner.‎ ‎51. The author seems to suggest that the future robotic dogs may ______ ‎ ‎    A. cure certain diseases B. keep old people active ‎    C. change people’s beliefs D. look more like real dogs 答案 ‎ ‎48. B   49. C   50. A  51. B ‎48．答案：B 解析：这是一道推断题。第一段第一句话“to determine whether they can improve the quality of life for humans”，因此专家研究的目的是让孤独老人生活更好，选B。‎ ‎49．答案：C 解析：这是一道细节判断题。从第二段“These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activity before and after AIBO.”可知老人们需要做的是record，选C。‎ ‎50．答案：A 解析：这是一道细节判断题。从第四段最后一句“A robotic dog removes exercise and feeding concerns.”可知，机器狗比狗的好处是easier to keep。‎ ‎51．答案：B 解析：这是一道判断题。从本文最后一句“AIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate older people’s mind.”可知，机器狗将来可以让老年人更活跃，选B。‎ 第19题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语上海卷)‎ ‎    Nervous suspects(嫌疑犯) locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance. ‎ ‎    Gwent Police have abandoned colours such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell(牢房) and have used colour psychology to decorate them. ‎ ‎    Ystrad Mynach station, which recently opened at a cost of￡5 million, has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia(幽闭恐怖症). Designers have painted the frames yellow, which researchers say is a calming colour. Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the colour is likely to encourage truthfulness. ‎ ‎    The station has 31 cells, including 12 with a “live scan” system for drunken or disturbed prisoners, which detects the rise and fall of their chest. An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened. ‎ ‎    Designers and psychologists have worked for years on colour. Blue is said to suggest trust, efficiency, duty, logic, coolness, thinking and calm. It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness. It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter, soft colours will calm the mind and aid concentration. ‎ ‎    Yellow is linked with confidence, self-respect and friendliness. Get the colour wrong and it could cause fear, depression and anxiety, but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect.‎ ‎    Ingrid Collins, a psychologist who specializes in the effects of colour, said that colour was an “energy force”. She said: “Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication.”‎ ‎    Yellow, she said, affected the mind. Red, on the other hand, should never be considered because it could increase aggression. Mrs Collins praised the designers for using colours in the cells. Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with colour to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate. In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy. ‎ ‎69. The expression “tip the balance” in paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might ____.‎ A. let suspects keep their balance                               B. help suspects to confess their crimes C. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law court              ‎ D. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colours ‎70. Which of the following colours should NOT be used in cells according to me passage?‎ A. Pink.                      B. Yellow                         C. Blue.        D. Red. ‎ ‎71. Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing?‎ A. Scanning equipment.  B. Royal blue lines.              C. Glass doors.      D. Yellow frames. ‎ ‎72. The passage is mainly concerned with ______‎ A. the relationship between colours and psychology     ‎ B. a comparison of different functions of colours C. the use of colours in cells to affect criminals’ psychology D. scientific ways to help criminals reform themselves in prison 答案 ‎ ‎69.B 70.D 71.A   72.C ‎ 第20题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语辽宁卷)‎ ‎      Unlike modern animal scientists, dinosaur scientists cannot sit on a hillside and use telescopes to watch dinosaurs in order to know how they lived and whether they were good parents. Instead, they have to search hard for information from dinosaurs’fossils(恐龙化石) because dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. ‎ ‎       It’s very difficult for the scientists to reach an agreement because different results can be got from the same fossils, Many fossils of the same kind of dinosaurs have been dug out from one place. They might have formed when an entire group of dinosaurs got stuck(陷入)all at once, or they might have been the result of dinosaurs getting stuck one after another over a course of a few centuries. Thus we can say that dinosaurs might have in the first case lived in big groups and in the second lived alone.‎ ‎      Though there are two different results, dinosaur scientists now generally agree that at least some kinds of dinosaurs lived in big groups. “That’s pretty much settled at this point.” Says Paul Sereno, A kind of dinosaurs called Sauropods left behind tracks in the western United States that appear to run north and south, suggesting that they even moved long distances together.‎ ‎      As to whether dinosaurs cared for their young, dinosaur scientists have turned to the closest living relatives of dinosaurs ― birds and crocodiles ― for possible models. Birds give a lot of care to their young, while crocodiles just help their young to the water. The discovered fossils of dinosaurs sitting on their eggs and staying with their young suggest the parents were taking care of their babies, but we still cannot say that all dinosaurs did the same.‎ ‎       There is still a long way to go before the above questions could be answered. Dinosaur scientists will have to find more proof to reach an agreement.‎ ‎60.Dinosaur scientists can get information directly by           .‎ A.  studying dinosaur fossils B. examining modern animals C. watching dinosaurs D. using telescopes ‎61.What is pretty much settled according to Paul Sereno?‎ A. Half of the dinosaurs lived alone. B. Most dinosaurs moved long distances.‎ C. Many dinosaurs settled in the north. D.Some dinosaurs lived in big groups.‎ ‎62.Dinosaur scientists can probably know whether dinosaurs were good parents by              .‎ A. watching many kinds of animals B. studying dinosaurs’living relatives C. following the tracks left behind D. working on dug-out dinosaur eggs ‎63.Which of the following the according to the paragraph?‎ A. Birds hardly ay attention to their young. B. Baby crocodiles can look after themselves well.‎ C. Some dinosaurs took care of their young. D. Birds and crocodiles take good care of their young. ‎ 答案 ‎ ‎60.A    61.D     62.B      63.C ‎60．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据第一段第二行“Instead, they have to search hard for information from dinosaur’s fossils because dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.”，恐龙已经灭绝了亿万年了，所以科学家只能研究化石得出结论。‎ ‎61．解析：这是一道细节推断题，根据第三段“Though there are two different results, dinosaur scientists now generally agree that at least some kinds of dinosaurs lived in big group.”说明研究恐龙的科学家同意至少部分恐龙是群居的，选D.‎ ‎62．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据“As to whether dinosaurs cared for their young, dinosaur scientists have turned to the closest living relatives of dinosaurs-birds and crocodiles-for possible models.”可知科学家通过研究恐龙的近亲鸟和鳄鱼来推断恐龙是否照顾小恐龙。‎ ‎63．解析：这是一道判断正误题。根据第四段，鸟会照顾幼体，但是鳄鱼不会。从恐龙孵蛋以及和幼体在一起的化石可以推断出部分恐龙照顾幼体，但不能得出所有恐龙都照顾幼体的结论，选C.‎ 第21题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语江苏卷)‎ ‎   A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city. As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.  ‎ ‎   In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining（混凝土衬砌）. ‎ ‎   Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. The surface of the road lies on the base, which is made of concrete and steel. The drainage system, just below the road surface on one side, removes any extra liquid, particularly water. In the event of fire, the fire main, which is made of steel, pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones. ‎ ‎72. Each of the tunnels under construction is _____. ‎ ‎   A. eight kilometers long and twenty meters wide B. eight kilometers long and six meters wide ‎ ‎   C. four kilometers long and twenty meters wide D. four kilometers long and six meters wide ‎ ‎73. Which part of the tunnel in the diagram is used to pipe out extra water? ‎ ‎   A. 1           B. 3            C. 5               D  6  ‎ ‎74. Driving in the tunnel, one can know the traffic conditions ahead through______. ‎ ‎  A. the lights                    B. the electric signs     ‎ ‎  C. the trucks and the cars          D.  the emergency phones ‎ ‎75. The passage is mainly about _____. ‎ ‎   A. the construction of a road           B. the design of a road   ‎ ‎   C. the construction of two tunnels      D.the design of two tunnels ‎ 答案 ‎ ‎72.D 73.C 74.B 75.D ‎72．解析：这是一道细节推断题。从第一段“As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built”可知，tunnels长4公里；从“The two tunnels are about 20 metres below the surface and are 12 metres wide”可知，两个隧道宽12米，因此1个隧道宽6米。‎ ‎73．解析：这是一道判断题。本题问的是“排除多余的水的管道在隧道的什么部分”。从第三段“The drainage system, just below the road surface on one side, removes any extra liquid, particularly water.”可知排水系统正好在路表面一边的下方，对照剖面图，5符合这个位置。‎ ‎74．解析：这是一道细节推断题。从第二段“There will also be electronic signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead”可知电子告示的作用是显示交通状况，因此选B。‎ ‎75．解析：这是一道主旨题。文章主要讲的是两个隧道，因此首先排除A、B。文中讲到的是隧道的内部构造，因此C“两个隧道的建设”也不对。‎ 第22题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语福建卷)‎ ‎     As skies are filled with millions of migrating(迁徙)birds, European scientists say the seasonal wonder appears to be strange: The fatter the bird, the better it flies.      The results of their study led to a theory opposite to a central one of aerodynamics(空气动力学), which says that the power needed to fly increases with weight.      For birds, obviously, the cost of flying with heavy fat is much smaller than we used to think. Researchers found that red knot wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year nonstop flight between the British Isles and the Russian Arctic. Distance: 5, 000 kilometers.      Another study in the magazine Nature measured the advantage of flying in an aerodynamic group which allows birds to save energy by flying smoothly and quietly in the lead bird’s air stream. ‎ ‎     Flying in groups, their heart rates were 14.5 percent lower than flying alone, according to Henri, a French scientist. The findings help explain how birds complete difficult migrations. Researchers had thought that thinner, stronger birds would have the best chance  to survive.        The first study suggests that building up fat to be burnt as fuel during the migration is worth more than the energy it takes to carry the additional weight.        In the study, researchers said their team studied the birds flown at different body weights during 28 simulated(模拟的)flights. They forced a small amount of special water into the birds’ bodies so that they could measure the amount of energy burnt during the flight.‎ ‎60.A red knot wading bird of 100 grams will probably weigh_____before making its nonstop migrating flight.‎ A.50 grams             B.100 grams           C.150 grams             D.200 grams 61.During their migrating flight, red knot wading birds can save energy by flying_______. A.separately        B.alone            C.in groups               D.in pairs ‎62.A_______red not wading bird has a better chance to survive during its migrating flight.‎ ‎ A.stronger       B.weaker         C.thinner                   D.fatter ‎63.The best title for this passage may probably be________.‎ A.Birds Thin Down For Journey              B.Birds Fatten Up For Journey C.How Birds Build Up Fat For Journey   D.How Birds Burn Energy For Journey 答案 ‎ ‎60.D 61.C 62.D63.B ‎60．解析：这是一道计算题。根据第三段中的Researchers found that red knot wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year nonstop flight between the British Isles and the Russian Arctic.可计算出在进行不停顿的迁徙飞行，一只red knot wading bird可能重200克。double their normal body weight of 100 grams表示“它们正常体重100克的两倍”，即200克。‎ ‎61．解析：这是一道细节题。第四段中的Another study in the magazine Nature measured the advantage of flying in an aerodynamic group which allows birds to save energy by flying smoothly and quietly in the lead bird’s air stream.说明red knot wading birds以一群鸟一起飞行的方式进行飞行时能够节省能量。‎ ‎62．解析：这是一道细节题。从第五段中的Researchers had thought that thinner, stronger birds would have the best chance to survive.可以看出，比较肥胖的red knot wading birds在迁徙飞行中更有机会存活。句子的谓语是虚拟语气，说明研究者原先认为越瘦越强壮的red knot wading birds存活的机会越大，而实际情况与此相反。‎ ‎63．解析：这是一道标题选择题。这篇短文报道了对red knot wading birds迁徙飞行的研究，研究表明因为red knot wading birds在迁徙过程中消耗大量能量，所以比较肥胖的red knot wading birds越有在迁徙飞行中存活的机会，因此这篇短文的题目应是：Birds Fatten Up For Journey。‎ 第23题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语湖南卷)‎ ‎    The coyote(丛林狼)that clever animal of wide-open spaces,has come to the nation’s captial.In fact ,coyotes have spread to every corner of the United States,changing their behaviors to fit new environments and causing researchers to deal with a troublesome new kind of creature:the city coyote. ‎ ‎    The coyote originally lived in the middle of the continent.One of its most obvious characters is its smartness, which has made the animal a notorious（臭名昭著的）pest.Hunters trapped,shot and poisoned more than a million coyotes in the 1900s.It’s still one of America’s most hunted animals. Yet the coyote has survived.How has the coyote shown this extraordinary ability? “I guess if you wanted to use one word,it’d be ‘plasticity’. ”says Erie Gese,an expert at Utah‎ State ‎University. Coyotes can live alone, in pairs, or in large packs like wolves,hunt at night or during the day , occupy a small region or an area up to 40 square miles;and live on all sorts of food,from lizards（蜥蜴）and shoes, to ants and melons.‎ ‎    Unbelievably  people  helped coyotes  increase  when  they killed most of the wolves in the United States. The spreading of coyotes into city areas,though.is recent.They travel at night,crossing sidewalks and bridges.running along roads and ducking into culverts （钻入涵洞）and underpassces .No one knows why coyotes are moving into cities, but experts explain that cleverer, more human-tolerant（不怕人的）coyotes are teaching urban survival skills to new generations.‎ ‎     Occasionally. coyotes might attack human beings. There have been about 160 attacks on people in recent years Therefore, people have been consistently told not to feed coyotes or leave pet food unsecured. That ,plus a large trapping program in the neighborhood, has cut down on the coyote population.‎ ‎63.The underlined word “plasticity”in Paragraph 2 refers to____________.‎ A.the ability to fit the environment      B.notorious smartness C.hunting ability                    D.being human-tolerant                    ‎ ‎64.The aim of the passage is to_____________.‎ A.tell people how to fight against coyotes B.tell us why the coyote is the most hunted animal C.supply the reason why the coyote is a kind of motorious pest D.explain how the coyote has spread to and survived in cities                         ‎ ‎65.According to the passage, coyotes__________.‎ A.originally lived in the west of the continent B.sleep during the day but look for food at night C.are teaching survival skills to their younger generations D.suffered a population decrease because people killed wolves                        ‎ ‎66.According to the passage,to cut down on the coyote population, people are advised to_______.‎ A.leave pet food secured             B.keep coyotes in small regions C.force coyotes to live alone           D.avoid using trapping programs   ‎ 答案 ‎ ‎63—66：ADCA ‎63．解析：这是一道词义推断题。从丛林狼可以独居、群居，可以晚上捕食也可以白天捕食，地盘可大可小，食物种类多可以推断出丛林狼的适应环境能力非常强。‎ ‎64．解析：这是一道主旨题。第一段描述丛林狼扩散到城市成为城市丛林狼，第二段描述丛林狼的环境适应能力使之可以在城市生存，第三、四段描述丛林狼进入城市的过程和市民的反应。整篇都是围绕丛林狼的扩散到城市以及生存的原因进行描述。‎ ‎65．解析：这是一道细节判断题。从第三段最后一句“teaching urban survival skills to new generations”可知选C.选项A不对是因为丛林狼是到处都有而不是在西部。选项B错误是因为丛林狼早上晚上都可以出来捕食；选项D错误是虽然大量捕杀，但是丛林狼适应性强还是生存下来了。‎ ‎66．解析：这是一个细节推断题。根据最后一段第3句：“people have been consistently told not to feed coyotes ”可以推断选A。‎ 第24题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语湖南卷)‎ ‎   The discovery of a dwarfed (矮个的)”human being” who lived in Flores .Indonesia, up to 18,000 years ago is changing the way we think about the human family .This “Flores Human”was three foot tall and her brain was smaller than that of the average chimp (黑猩猩),yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives.They seem to have made tools ,worked together to find food and cook it,and perhaps even buried their dead with ceremony. ‎ ‎    It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the new human family member .The tools are like those formerly seen only with European fossils (化石)from our own species;Homo sapiens (智人)；and the oldest of them were made 94,000 years ago .Homo sapiens is thought to have arrived in the island about 40,000 years ago ,much too late to be responsible for the tools .If this tiny human made the tools ,them the inside structure (结构)of its brain must have been more like our own than a chimp’s ,despite being just a third the size of ours.‎ ‎    This “new human” was suspected to be a dwarfed branch of Homo erectus (直立人).When creatures are separated in regions with rare resources but few enemies,being big is a disadvantage, and evolution tends to shrink them, a process known as island dwarfing.Could natural selection make a human smaller while keeping — even improving — mental ability ?Quite possibly, believes Christopher Wills of the University‎ of ‎California.‎ ‎     Has the “Flores Human” even shown the ability of language? “I find it difficult to imagine that people could make tools，use fire ,and kill large animals without fairly advanced communication.”  Wills ‎ says .Did “Flores Human” possess the basic components of human culture — such as the burying of the dead with ceremony ?  Emiliano Bruner of the Italian Institute points out that Indonesia’s hot, wet environment is bad for fossilization.It is reasonable to assume , he says ,that the 18,000-year-old bones of the most complete Flores woman were well-preserved because she was buried with special care.‎ ‎67.According to the passage , “Flores Human”______.‎ A.lived a partly human life B.was a branch of Homo sapiens ‎ C.used tools before Homo sapiens arrived D.had a brain as a common chimp’s                     ‎ ‎68.The underlined part “this tiny human”in Paragraph 2 refers to _______.‎ A.a chimp     .   B.Flores Human C.Homo sapiens   D.Homo erectus                   ‎ ‎69.This passage mainly talks about______.‎ A.the tools made by “Flores Human” B.the language used by “Flores Human”‎ C.the evolution of “Flores Human” D. the major surprising findings about “Flores Human”       ‎ ‎70.According to the passage ,it is believed that “Flores Human”_______.‎ A.was dwarfed by its enemies    B.could use language C.left a lot of fossils in hot and wet enviroment D.reached Flores 40,000 years ago  ‎ 答案 ‎ ‎67—70：CBDB ‎67．解析：这是一道细节推理题。根据第二段第一句可知最新发现在94000年前“Flores Human”已经使用工具了，比Homo sapiens（40000年前）要早。‎ ‎68．解析：这是一道判断题。第二段第一句讲到一个发现工具和Flores Human有关联是令人惊讶的事情。接着讲了Homo sapiens是4万年前才到岛上，和工具无关。由此可知，制造工具的人，即this tiny human指的是Flores Human。‎ ‎69．解析：这是一道主旨题。文章讲了Flores Human制造的工具，生活方式、演变、语言等，A、B、C均不全面。D说了文章主要讲关于Flores Human的主要的令人惊讶的发现。‎ ‎70．解析：这是推断题。A说Flores Human被她的敌人变矮，肯定不对。C说她在湿热的环境中留下许多化石，最后一段讲到，湿热的环境不适宜保存化石，那个被完好保存的Flores女人的化石是因为在埋葬的时候坐了特殊处理。因此不是留下了很多化石，C也不对。D说她到达Flores4万年前，4万年前到达Flores是Homo sapiens，因此也不对。B说Flores Human能讲话。这是科学家根据她们能制造工具、用火和屠杀大型动物而推断出来的。‎ 第25题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语江西卷)‎ ‎   Early people had very little effect on the environment. They lived in caves in very small ‘clan’groups. They collected or killed only enough for the clan’s survival. Early clans were nomadic, which means that they did not stay in one place. Instead, they moved around, following the animals that were their main food source and seeking areas where seasonal plants grew wild. Moving around seasonally helped to protect the environment. The land had time to recover and animals had time to breed (繁殖) before the clan returned for the next season. ‎ ‎    As time went by, these small family clans joined with others to form larger groups for protection. Joining with other clans gave them more hunters and more women to help cut up the meat and share it between families. Eventually , people tamed(驯养) wild animals such as dogs and horses. People settled around rivers and fertile plains to share responsibilities and duties. Then, people began to plant crops instead of moving to areas where the plants grew. This development changed the environment.‎ ‎    Traditional forms of work also changed. Some people were better at performing a particular task than other clan members, so they began to specialize in things they were good at doing. This also meant that they began to exchange their goods for things that others produced.‎ ‎     People began to communicate with distant tribes. Land was cleared for roads. Foreign plants and animals were transported to places where they had not existed before. Specialization also gave people more free time. So art, dance and music became important ways of expressing feelings and thoughts. This was how many great civilizations started.‎ ‎     Compared to the past, modern civilization has experienced many changes to become the highly developed society that exists today. Populations have increased rapidly. Forests have been cleared for farms. Inventions and technology have made work easier.‎ ‎     However, pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress. As concerned citizens, it is up to us to learn from past mistakes and to help maintain and improve our environment.‎ ‎64. Early tribes didn't have much effect on animal population because __         .‎ ‎   A. they kept animals for themselves           B. they ate only vegetables ‎   C. they killed only enough for food           D. they loved animals ‎65. The main purpose for small clans to join together was           .‎ ‎   A. to hunt animals    B. to seek safety       C. to share caves          D. to protect environment ‎66. Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?‎ ‎   A. Early people moved to new places looking for new sources of food.‎ ‎   B. Modem civilization began when people started to live together in big groups.‎ ‎   C. Modem advancements are always good for the environment.‎ ‎   D. People began to exchange goods because they didn't have enough money.‎ ‎67. It can be concluded from the passage that          .‎ ‎   A. human progress has brought civilization to the society ‎   B. civilization has improved traditional forms of work ‎   C. our environment has been affected by human progress ‎   D. early people understood environmental protection 答案 ‎ ‎64. C   65. B   66. A  67. C ‎64．解析：这是一道细节推断题。从第一段第3句“They collected or killed only enough for the clan’s survival”可知他们仅仅捕猎够吃的食物就够了，所以对动物的数量影响不大。‎ ‎65．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据第二段第一句“As time went by, these small family clans joined with oters to form larger group for protection.”protection这个词就说明了几个家族聚集在一起形成更大的群体是为了保护自己，也就是寻求安全，选B.‎ ‎66．解析：这是一道判断正误题。从第一段第三行“Instead, they moved around, following the animals that were their main food source and seeking areas where seasonal plants grew wild.”可知人们迁徙主要是跟随野生动物或寻找新的植物生长的地区，选A。‎ ‎67．解析：这是一道结论归纳题。这篇文章主要介绍人类社会发展各阶段对环境的影响，最初人的群体小，能力低，所以对环境影响小，随着人类群体的扩大和现代文明的产生，对环境影响越来越大。从最后一段“However, pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress.”说明环境还是收到了影响。‎ 第26题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语江西卷)‎ ‎    An ichthyologist is a scientist who studies fish. Most people who do this job say they love their work because it is very rewarding and varied. They work not only inside a laboratory, but also out in the field. Fieldwork includes traveling to rivers, oceans and lakes in order to collect information and specimens（样本）, Reading, writing and speaking are also very important to the job. Fish scientists need to read the research of other scientists. They must he able to write up their own research clearly so that others can follow it. They also need to be able to give lectures about their findings, so that they can spread knowledge. ‎ ‎      Ichthyologists who wish to specialize can choose any one of three areas of study. The first area is aquaculture  (水产养殖). This involves the study and practice of fish farming and management. Because it is a rather new study, there are very few job opportunities available. However, as there is so much to discover, many see it as an exciting area for a new ichthyologist to enter. The second area is fisheries science, which means working with a team of scientists to find out more about different fish species. The third area is about the protection of natural fish populations. This is very important today, given that many fish species are in danger of dying out because of the actions of humans.‎ ‎     To become a successful fish scientist, you need to have a curious mind and be able to work on your own. You also need to be able to handle equipment and perform experiments; but most importantly, you must love fish. To become an ichthyologist, you will need to train at a university to pass a Bachelor of Science degree. For this, you will need to be good at mathematics, physical science and biology. Then, you will need to study for another year to complete an honours degree in ichthyology. This honours degree contains coursework about all aspects of fish. You also need to complete a research paper.‎ ‎68. What makes the jobs of ichthyologists so varied?‎ ‎   A. They study fish habits and collect information.‎ ‎   B. They have to study science and mathematics.‎ ‎   C. They work in fields as well as in laboratories.‎ ‎   D. They read research papers written by others.‎ ‎69. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?‎ ‎   A. An ichthyologist has an interesting and varied profession.‎ ‎    B. Aquaculture is the study of fish protection.‎ ‎    C. The life of an ichthyologist can involve lots of travel.‎ ‎    D. A fish scientist needs to be independent and curious about things.‎ ‎ 70. Who is most likely to become an ichthyologist?‎ ‎    A. Tom, because he likes fishing and outdoor sports.‎ ‎    B. Jack, because he likes to travel and read adventure books.‎ ‎    C. Jenny, because she likes science, mathematics and reading about dinosaurs.‎ ‎    D. Jane, because she likes mathematics, science, biology and searching rock-pools.‎ ‎ 71. The passage is probably written for         .‎ ‎    A. university students                        B. science researchers ‎    C. fisheries experts                          D. fish farmers 答案 ‎ ‎68. C    69. B   70. D   71. A ‎68．解析：这是一道推断题。在第一段讲到这项工作varied之后，接着“They work not only inside a laboratory, but also out in the field”这句话可知，B选项是varied的原因。‎ ‎69．解析：这是一道判断正误题。从第二段“The first area is aquaculture. This involves the study and practice of fish farming and management.”可知B不正确。‎ ‎70．解析：这是一道判断题。从第四段可知，成为ichthyologist的条件有一条是：“good at mathematics, physical science and biology.”等等。A、B可明显排除。C项不全面，而且dinosaur意思是恐龙，因此也不对。‎ ‎71．解析：这是推理题。文章先讲了鱼类学家的工作、分类，后来讲到成为鱼类学家的条件，首先是得到理科学位，此外还要进行1年鱼类学的学习。由此可推断，文章是写给大学生的。‎ 第27题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语安徽卷)‎ ‎    When a storm is coming, most people leave the area as quickly ad possible and head for safety. But there are a few people who will get into their cars and go straight for the center of the storm. These people are willing to risk(冒…危险)being killed by floods or 100-kilometer-an-hour winds for the excitement of watching the storm close up. ‎ ‎   “Storm chasing(追逐)” is becoming an increasingly popular hobby(喜好), especially in the Midwest of the United States, where there are frequent storms between March and July. A storm chaser begins the day by checking the Internet for the latest weather reports, and then drives up to 1,000 kilometers to where the storm will be and waits for it to develop. ‎ ‎    Although anyone can do it , storm chasing is extremely dangerous. The power of a big storm can throw a cow into the air or destroy a whole house in seconds. Storm chasers are also often hurt in accidents caused by driving in a heavy rain. If you are a beginner, it is much safer to join a group for storm-chasing vacations during the storm season.‎ Even then, storm chasing is not all adventure and excitement . “Storm chasing is 95% driving,” says Daniel Lynch, who spends most of his summer storm-chasing.    “Sometimes you can sit around for hours waiting for something to happen, and all you get is blue sky and a few light showers.”‎ ‎    However, for storm chasers, it is all worth it. “When you get close to a storm, it is the most exciting sight you will ever see in your life,” says Jasper Morley. “Every storm is an example of the power of nature, It is the greatest show on Earth.”‎ ‎56. For storm chasing, the first thing storm chasers do is to          .‎ A. head straight for the center of the storm B. get into the car for safety C. wait patiently for the storm to develop D. collect information about a coming storm ‎57. Beginners of storm chasing are advised             . ‎ A. not to drive in a heavy rain B. to do it in an organized way ‎ C. not to get too close to a storm D. to spend more time on it in summer ‎58. By saying “it is all worth it” in the last paragraph, the author means that             .‎ A. storm chasing costs a lot of money B. storm chasing is worth hours of waiting C. efforts in storm chasing are well paid D. a storm presents the greatest show on Earth ‎59. What can we learn from the text?‎ A.  Sometimes storm chasers get nothing but disappointment B.  Many storm chasers get killed in the storms.‎ C. Storm chasing is becoming popular around the world.‎ D. Storm chasing is only fit for young people.‎ 答案 ‎ ‎56.D  57.B  58.C  59.A ‎56．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据第二段最后一句“A storm chaser begins the day by checking the Internet for the last weather reports”可以推断出storm chaser做的第一件事是搜集天气信息。‎ ‎57．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据“storm chasing is extremely dangerous”和“If you are a beginner, it is much safer to join a group for storm-chasing vacations during the storm season.”可知追逐风暴十分危险，初学者最后加入团队一起行动。‎ ‎58．解析：这是一道推理题。It is all worth it.的意思是一切都十分值得，虽然可能要等待很长时间，但是“it is the most exciting sight you will ever see in your life”所以付出得到了回报。‎ ‎59．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据第三段最后一句“Sometimes you can sit around for hours waiting for something to happen, and all you get is blue sky and a few light showers”可以推断出有时风暴并不会来临，所以选A。其他三项在短文中都没有提到。‎ 第28题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语安徽卷)‎ ‎    Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves. A grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of meat at a single feeding. Often they eat until it seems painful for them to lie down. ‎ ‎    The lionesses (母狮) , being thinner and faster, are better hunters (猎手) than the males (雄狮). But the males don’t mind. After the kill they move in and take the test share.‎ Most kills are made at night or just before daybreak. We have seen many, many daylight attempts but only ten kills. Roughly, It’s about twenty daytime attempts for one kill.‎ When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole, they wait patiently and can charge at any second. The kill is the exciting moment in the day-to-day life of the lion, since these great animals spend most of their time, about 20 hours a day, sleeping and resting.‎ ‎    Lions are social cats, and when they are having a rest, they love to touch each other. After drinking at a water hole, a lioness rests her head on another’s back. When walking, young lions often touch faces with older ones, an act of close ties among members of the group.‎ ‎64. By describing lions as “opportunists” in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions       .‎ A. are cruel animals                                   B. are clever animals C. like to take advantage of other animals     D. like to take every chance to eat ‎65. According to the text, which of the following is true?‎ A. Lions make most kills in the daytime.‎ B. Males care more about eating than active killing.‎ C. Lions are curious about things happening around them.‎ D. It doesn’t take lions too much time to make a kill.‎ ‎66. How can we know that lions are social animals?‎ A. They depend on each other.                   B. They look after each other well.‎ C. They readily share what they have.         D. They enjoy each other’s company.‎ ‎67. What would be the best title for the text?‎ A. Powerful Lions                                     B. Lions at Work and Play C. Lions, Social Cats                                 D. Lions, Skilled Hunters ‎ 答案 ‎ ‎64.C 65.B 66. D 67. B ‎64．解析：这是一道猜义题。根据第一段第二句“They prefer to eat without having to do too much work”和“If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for them selves.”可知狮子喜欢侵占其他动物的猎物。Opportunists的意思是“机会主义者”。‎ ‎65．解析：这是一道判断正误题。根据“The lionesses are better hunters than the males”和“But the males don’t mind. After the kill they move in and take the test share.”可知雄狮捕食能力差但是吃得好。‎ ‎66．解析：这是一道推理题。根据最后一句“an act of close ties among members of the group”和最后一段描述的狮群的行动可以知道狮子很享受这种集体生活。‎ ‎67．解析：这是一道主旨题。这篇文章是讲狮子在猎食和生活中的特性，选项A过于抽象，不能表现文中描述的要点，C和D都过于片面，只概括了其中一个部分，只有B比较全面和准确。‎ 第29题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语安徽卷)‎ ‎   To extinguish (熄灭) different kinds of fires, several types of fire extinguishers have been invented. They must be ready for immediate use when fire breaks out. Most portable (手提式的) kinds operate for less than a minute, so they are useful only on small fires. The law requires ships, trains, buses and planes to carry extinguishers. ‎ ‎    Since fuel, oxygen (氧气) and heat must be present in order for fire to exist, one or more of these things must be removed or reduced to extinguish a fire. If the heat is reduced by cooling the material below a certain temperature, the fire goes out. The cooling method is the most common way to put out a fire. Water is the best cooling material because it is low in cost and easy to get.‎ ‎    Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen. This is usually done by covering the fire with sand, steam or some other things. A blanket may be used do cover a small fire.‎ ‎    A third method is called separation, which includes removing the fuel, or material easy to burn, from a fire, so that it can find no fuel.‎ ‎    The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire. Fires have been grouped in three classes. Fires in wood, paper, cloth and the like are called Class A fires. These materials usually help keep the fire on. Such fires can be stopped most readily by cooling with water.‎ ‎68. If a fire breaks out on a bus, which of the follow should be ready there for you to use?‎ A. Sand                                                    B. Water C. A blanket.                                             D. An extinguisher.‎ ‎69. To cover a small piece of burning wood with a basin in order to stop the fire is an example of         .‎ A. separating the fire                                 B. reducing the heat C. removing the fuel                                 D. cutting off the oxygen ‎70. In choosing how to put out a fire, we should first be clear about          .‎ A. when it breaks out                                B. how it comes about C. what kind it is                                       D. where it takes place ‎71. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?‎ A. Another class of fires                                   B. Another type of extinguishers C. How fires break out.                             D. How fires can be prevented.‎ 答案 ‎ ‎68.D 69.D 70.C 71. A ‎68．解析：这是一道推理题。根据第一段最后一句“The law requires ships, trains buses and planes to carry extinguishers”说明在公共汽车上有灭火器，公共汽车上着火应该用灭火器。‎ ‎69．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据第三段“Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting the oxygen. This is usually done by covering the fire with sand, steam or some other things”用脸盆盖上烧着的木头显然是截断氧气的方法。‎ ‎70．解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据“The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire.”可知要想判断用什么方法，首先要弄清着火的类型，所以选C.‎ ‎71．解析：这是一道推理题。最后一段描述了“Fires have been grouped in three classes.”然后讲述了第一种，所以后面很可能描述另外两种。所以选A.‎ 第30题(2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语山东卷)‎ ‎    PITTSBURGH – For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening. But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives. ‎ ‎    The 37-year-old Carnegie‎ Mellon ‎University professor has spent years developing snake-like robots he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.‎ ‎     Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends, a Northboro, Mass.-based company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade shows. He said there are other snake-like robots being developed, mainly at universities, but didn’t know of one that could climb pipes.‎ ‎     The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick(操纵杆). They move smoothly with the help of small electric motors, or servos, commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.‎ ‎     Built from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm orsmaller.   They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.‎ ‎    Sam Stover, a search term manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana, said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currently available, such as cameras attached to extendable roles.‎ ‎   “It just allows us to do something we’ve not been able to do before,” Stover said,   “We needed them yesterday.”‎ ‎     He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers, but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access to damaged buildings.‎ ‎     Stover, among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath (后果) of Hurricane Katrina, said snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster.‎ ‎     Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years, depending on funding.‎ ‎72. Which institution is responsible for the development of Choset’s robots?‎ A. Robotics Trends.        B. Pittsburgh‎ ‎City Council.‎ C. Carnegie‎ Mellon ‎University.      D. Federal Emergency Management Agency.‎ ‎73. Choset believes that his invention ______.‎ A. can be attached to an electronic arm B. can be used by hobbyists in model airplanes C. can find victims more quickly than a sniffer dog D. can sense its way no better than its operators ‎74. By saying “We needed them yesterday” (paragraph 7), Stover means that snake-like robots _____.‎ A. could help handle the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina B. would have been put to use in past rescue work C. helped rescuers search flooded houses yesterday D. were in greater need yesterday than today ‎75. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. Snake-like robots used in industries. B. Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.‎ C. The development of snake-like robots. D. The working principles of snake-like robots.‎ 答案 ‎ ‎72.C  73.D  74.B  75.B ‎ ‎72．解析：这是一道细节推断题。从文中可看出，Choset是Carnegie Mellon University的教授，而且第四段出现了把Choset’s robots称作“The Carnegie Mellon machines”，由此可知，C正确。‎ ‎73．解析：这是一道细节推断题。从第五段“They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.”可知，robots跟他的操作员辨别道路一样的水平，因此选D。‎ ‎74．解析：这是一道推理题。这句话后面的段落讲到Stover对sniffer dogs只能在工人到达被毁坏的建筑物时才能有效使用感到遗憾，并且认为“snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster.”（倒数第二段）。因此，他讲这句话的意思是“蛇形机器人应该用在过去的拯救工作中”，选B。‎ ‎75.解析：这是一道主旨题。文中讲到Choset研究snake-like robots是因为“he hopes will eventually slide through fallen building in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.”可知，Choset研究的蛇形机器人的目的是为了在自然灾害或其他紧急事故的营救中起作用。因此选B。‎ 第31题(2006年普通高等学校春季招生考试英语上海卷)‎ ‎      In some children who go blind, certain parts of the brain that normally control vision appear to switch jobs and focus instead on sound, a new study has found. ‎ ‎      The study, by researchers at the University‎ of ‎Montreal, involved 7 adults who could see and 12 adults who had lost their vision when they were children. Each participant sat in a room with 16 loudspeakers at different locations. The room was designed so that there were no echoes. During the experiment, the speakers irregularly produced sounds. Participants had to point to where the sounds were coming from. Meanwhile, the researchers monitored blood flow in the brains of the participants to see which brain structures were working during the task.‎ ‎     The results showed that five of the blind participants were very good at pointing to where sounds were coming from. In these people, blood flow increased in the visual cortex- an area at the back of the right side of the brain. This part of the brain is usually associated with vision.‎ ‎       The other seven blind participants showed no increase in activity in the visual cortex. These people didn't do very well at picking out where sounds were coming from. Now, the researchers are looking at whether these people have gained an enhanced sense of touch instead of sound to replace their lost vision.‎ ‎        The scientists say that their study shows how adaptable parts of the brain can be.‎ ‎72.   The purpose of the experiment described in the passage is to find whether A. blind children can regain their sight B. blind people have a better sense of sound C. the sense of touch is better among blind people D. blood flow in the brains of blind people is slower ‎73. The participants of the experiment were asked ___.‎ A. to tell the difference between 16 sounds B. to take down the time each sound lasted C. to identify the direction the sound came from D. to detect the number of the loudspeakers.‎ ‎74. During the experiment, blood flow in the brains of the participants was measured in order to ___.‎ A. learn about the way they react to echoes B. look for the way of enhancing hearing ability C. find which parts of the brain were functioning D. expose the relationship between seeing and touching ‎75. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Most blind people have a well - developed sense of touch.‎ B. People go blind because of the breakdown of their visual cortex.‎ C. Most blind people have a better sense of sound than normal people.‎ D. Human brains can adjust themselves after the loss of a certain function.‎ 答案 72.B 73.C 74.C 75.D ‎ 第32题(2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语北京卷)‎ ‎     Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions. They will allow the worker to keep the elbows（肘）next to the body to prevent damage to the shoulder and arm. ‎ ‎     Overuse injuries can therefore be prevented or reduced if the employer provides, and workers use:‎ ‎    ●power tools rather than having to use muscle（肌肉）power ‎     ●tools with specially designed handles that allow the wrist（手腕）to keep straight （See Figure 1）. This means that hands and wrists are kept in the same position as they would be if they were hanging relaxed at a person’s side Figure1. Bend the tool, not the wrist ‎     ●tools with handles that can be held comfortably by the whole hand. This means having a selection of sizes—remember that tools that provide a comfortable firm hold for a person with a very large hand may be awkward for someone with a very small hand. This is a particularly important consideration for women who may use tools originally designed for men.‎ ‎      ●tools that do not press fingers (or flesh) between the handles, and whose handles do not have sharp edges or a small surface area.‎ ‎60. What is the best title for the passage?‎ A. Good Tool Design for Women B. Importance of Good Tool Design C. Tool Design and Prevention of Injuries D. Overuse of Tools and Worker Protection ‎61. Which of the following describes a well-designed tool?‎ A. It’s kept close to the body. B. It fully uses muscle power.‎ C. It makes users feel relaxed. D. It’s operated with less force.‎ ‎62. What is Figure 1 used to show?‎ A. The effective use of the tool. B. The way of operating the tool.‎ C. The proper design of the handle. D. The purpose of bending the wrist.‎ ‎63. In choosing tools for women, _____of the handle is the most important.‎ A. the size B. the edge C. the shape D. the position 答案 60. C   61. D   62. C    63. A ‎ 解析：‎ ‎60.这是一道主旨题。短文的第一句话“Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries.”是这篇短文的主题句，说明好的设计可以减少伤害。作者在后面几段中论述了这个问题。‎ ‎61.这是一道细节推断题。短文中“power tools rather than having to use muscle power”表明用力小的工具对人的伤害也小。‎ ‎62.这是一道细节推断题。短文中“tools with special designed handles that allow the wrist to keep straight （See Figure 1）.”说明图1描述了手柄的合理设计。‎ ‎63.这是一道细节推断题。短文中“This means having selection of sizes－remember that tools that provide a comfortable firm hold for a person with a very large hand may be awkward for someone with a very small hand. This is a particularly important consideration for women who may use tools originally designed for men.”说明手柄尺寸的大小对妇女选择工具是十分重要的。‎ 第33题(2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语天津卷)‎ ‎     The scene in the Hollywood movie The Day After Tomorrow, where global warming could soon turn the global climate (气候) into a new ice age, may never occur, according to new research. ‎ ‎    The next ice age could be 15,000 years away, say European scientists who last month announced a continuous record of 7.40,000 years of climate data (数据) obtained from the Antarctic ice.                                  ‎ ‎     Scientists from 10 nations have now almost completely drilled through a 3,000-meter.depth of ice high in the Antarctic mainland. They figure out that the area where summer temperatures can fall to –40℃, has at least 900,000 years of snowfalls,, kept as neatly as the growth rings of a tree. And the ice and air caught in each layer(层) have begun to answer questions about the climates in the past..‎ ‎     The results show that there have been eight ice ages in the past 740, 000 years and eight warmer periods. And by comparing the pattern of global conditions today with those of the past, the researchers reported in Nature that the present warm period could last another 15, 000 years.‎ ‎     Research suggests that there is a very close connection between greenhouse gas levels and global average temperatures. It also shows that carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) levels are the highest for at least 440,000 years.          ‎ ‎     "If people say to you: the greenhouse effect is a good thing because we would go into an ice age otherwise, our data say no, a new ice age is not hanging over our heads,” said Eric Wolff from the British Antarctic Survey. "Now we have eight examples of how the climate goes in and out of ice ages… and you can learn what the rules are that go into the climate models that tell us about the future."‎ ‎     Scientists found that whenever temperatures rose in the frozen record, so did carbon dioxide level. "In 440,000 years we have never seen greenhouse gas get as thick as it is today," said Dr Wolff.‎ ‎48. In drilling through the ice in Antarctica, scientists, have found that______.‎ ‎     A. the lowest temperature there is －40℃ B. the depth of ice is 3,000 meters ‎     C. the ice has existed for 15,000 years D. snowfalls are kept in certain patterns ‎49. The information of the global climate conditions in the past can be obtained through______.‎ ‎     A. separating carbon dioxide from the air B. examining the growth rings of trees ‎     C. comparing temperatures in different areas ‎     D. studying the ice and air caught in each layer ‎50. We can infer from Eric Wolff's words that_______.‎ ‎     A. there is something wrong with the data B. greenhouse effect is always a bad thing ‎     C. a new ice age will not come in the near future ‎     D. greenhouse gas will get thick in the future ‎51. What would be the best title for the passage?‎ ‎     A. Research over the Antarctic area. B. Warm period to last about 15, 000 years.‎ ‎     C. Report on the eight ice ages in the past. D. Hollywood movies and the global climate.‎ 答案 48.D 49.D 50.C 51.B ‎ ‎48.解析：这是一道细节推断题。第三段“They figure out that the area where summer temperatures can fall to －40℃， has at least 900 000 years of snowfalls， kept as nearly as the growth rings of a tree.”说明科学家们发现，积雪保持着一定的模式。‎ ‎49.解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据第三段“And the ice and air caught in each layer have begun to answer questions about the climates in the past.”可判断出根据沉积在各层的雪和空气的研究可知道过去气候的状况。‎ ‎50.解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据倒数第二段Eric Wolff说的话可判断出他认为在最近的将来不会出现冰川时代。‎ ‎51.解析：这是一道主旨题。第二段“The next ice age could be 15 000 years away”是科学家最新研究的成果，说明地球将会在15 000年内处于暖和的时期。‎ 第34题(2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语天津卷)‎ ‎      No one can fail to stand in awed ( 令人敬畏的 ) admiration of the great discoveries of history—Newton' s laws of motion; Kepler' s principles of planetary movement, Einstein' s general theory of relativity. Equally awe-inspiring are artistic creations in painting, theatre, music and literature, which have also been brought about by discovery through personal efforts.  What do these extraordinary achievements of well-known scientists and artists have to do with problem solving? ‎ ‎     A great scientific discovery or a great work of art is surely the result of problem-solving activity. The solution to a problem, we are told, often comes to thinkers in a “flash of insight (顿悟) ”， although ‎ they may have been turning the problem over in their minds for some time. As a particular form of problem solving, these creative acts are based on the broad knowledge gained in the past, whether this be of the public" sort known to science, or of the "private" sort known to the artist.‎ ‎      Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable (可以预见的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves (涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.‎ ‎52. Newton, Kepler and Einstein are mentioned in the first paragraph to_______.‎ ‎      A. bring about the subject of the discussion B. explain that scientists are more creative ‎      C. show the difference between science and arts ‎      D. prove that arts require more personal efforts ‎53. While knowledge from the past plays an important role in their achievements, thinkers sometimes also depend on their______.‎ ‎      A. artistic tastes B. sudden insight ‎      C. admiration of discoveries D. scientific experiments ‎54. What does the underlined word “this” refer to?‎ ‎     A. Great contributions to the society B.  Long-time study of the subject matter.‎ ‎    C.  Various statements about problem solving.‎ ‎    D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.‎ ‎55. We may conclude from the passage that ______.‎ ‎    A.it is more likely to make scientific and artistic discoveries in everyday learning.‎ ‎    B. a sudden insight and knowledge from the past are required in making discoveries ‎    C. scientific discoveries or artistic creations are usually unpredictable in nature ‎    D. knowledge of the rules in the past is often developed in the changes of situation 答案 52.A 53.B 54.B 55.B ‎ ‎52.解析：这是一道主旨题。作者提到这些科学家的目的是引起对“What do these extraordinary achievements of well－known scientists and artists have to do with problem solving?”的讨论。‎ ‎53.解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据第二段的内容可判断出尽管来自过去的知识起着重要作用，但是，思想家有时依赖于自己的顿悟来解决问题。‎ ‎54.解析：这是一道指代题。根据第三段“Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem， often over fairly long periods of time.”可判断出this指代长期对相关问题的研究。‎ ‎55.解析：这是一道主旨题。根据短文内容可得出顿悟和来自过去的知识在发现中都是需要的。‎ 第35题(2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语上海卷)‎ ‎       You either have it, or you don’t—a sense of direction, that is. But why is it that some people could find their way across the Sahara without a map, while others can lose themselves in the next street? ‎ ‎       Scientists say we’re all born with a sense of direction, but it is not properly understood how it works. One theory is that people with a good sense of direction have simply worked harder at developing it. Research being carried out at Liverpool‎ ‎University supports this idea and suggests that if we don’t use is, we lose it.‎ ‎     “Children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around,” says Jim Martland, Research Director of the project. “However, if they are not allowed out alone or are taken everywhere by car, they never develop the skills.”‎ Jim Martland also emphasizes that young people should be taught certain skills to improve their sense of direction. He makes the following suggestions:‎ ‎      ●If you are using a map, turn it so it relates to the way you are facing.‎ ‎      ●If you leave your bike in a strange place, put it near something like a big stone or a tree. Note landmarks on the route as you go away from your bike. When you return, go back along the same route.‎ ‎      ●Simplify the way of finding your direction by using lines such as streets in a town, streams, or walls in the countryside to guide you. Count your steps so that you know how far you have gone and note any landmarks such as tower blocks or hills which can help to find out where you are.‎ ‎      Now you need never get lost again!‎ ‎65. Scientists believe that_______.‎ ‎   A. some babies are born with a sense of direction.‎ ‎   B. people learn a sense of direction as they grow older ‎   C. people never lose their sense of direction ‎   D. everybody possesses a sense of direction from birth ‎66. What is true of seven-year-old children according to the passage?‎ ‎   A. They never have a sense of direction without maps ‎   B. They should never be allowed out alone if they lack a sense of direction ‎   C. They have a sense of direction and can find their way around ‎   D. They can develop a good sense of direction if they are driven around in a car.‎ ‎67. If you leave your bike in a strange place, you should ________.‎ ‎   A. tie it to a tree so as to prevent it from being stolen ‎   B. draw a map of the route to help remember where it is ‎   C. avoid taking the same route when you come back to it ‎   D. remember something easily recognizable on the route ‎68. According to the passage, the best way to find your way around is to ________.‎ ‎   A. ask policemen for directions.‎ ‎   B. use walls, streams, and streets to guide yourself ‎   C. remember your route by looking out for steps and stairs ‎   D. count the number of landmarks that you see 答案 65.D 66.C 67.D 68.B ‎ ‎65.解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据第二段“Scientists say we’re all born with a sense of direction，but it is not properly understand how it works.”可判断出科学家认为每个人出生时就有方向感。‎ ‎66.解析：这是一道判断正误题。根据第三段Children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around”可判断出选项C是正确的。‎ ‎67.解析：这是一道推断题。从“If you leave your bike in a strange place，put it near something like a big stone or a tree.”和“When you return，go back along the same route.”可推断出如果把自行车放在陌生的地方，应该记住能够找到路线的物品。‎ ‎68.解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据“Simplify the way of finding your direction by using lines such as streets in a town，stream，or walls n the countryside to guide you.”可判断出通过使用墙壁、溪水和街道来作为引导是识别方向的最好办法。‎ 第36题(2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语辽宁卷)‎ ‎      When building houses, people used to think about not only the climate of the areas but also the building materials and the fashions for their houses. However, since electricity became more and more expensive, people began to pay much more attention to the energy they could get for their houses and the new ways they could find to protect their houses from both cold and heat. ‎ ‎     Now, houses of an old yet new type have been widely built. In some parts of the world, people share their houses with their livestock（家畜）.During cold weather, they gather their cows, goats, or other animals and keep them on the first floor of their houses. The reasons are that the animals can be protected from the cold and that they can help to heat the houses as well. The body heat given off by the animals rises to the second floor of the houses, where people live. By sharing their houses with their livestock, people gain a source of heat.‎ ‎     People who live in or near cities do not usually keep livestock. However, home builders use the fact that heat rises. This natural law can be used in building houses in these areas. Instead of keeping livestock on the first floor, builders fill it with large rocks. As they are open to the sun’s rays during cold weather, these rocks take in heat. They also give off the heat, and, of course, the warm air rises into the living areas of the houses. So these houses are energy-saving.‎ ‎     House-building becomes a great challenge（挑战）to building designers and energy engineers. They try to meet this challenge by learning from old traditions and by using modern technology. And someday in the future, people will be able to live in more energy-saving houses.‎ ‎56．What did people begin to consider as electricity was no longer cheap?‎ ‎      A．The climate of their areas.                    B．The energy for their houses.‎ ‎      C．The fashions for their houses.               D．The building materials for their houses.‎ ‎57．People in some areas gain a source of heat by _________.‎ ‎       A．keeping their livestock downstairs         B．protecting their livestock from the cold ‎       C．sharing their houses only with their cows                              ‎ ‎       D．living on the second floor with their livestock ‎58．The underlined words “natural law” in the third paragraph refer to the fact that ________.‎ ‎       A．heat raises the temperature in the houses ‎       B．heat goes in the upward direction ‎       C．heat goes up if temperature is raised ‎       D．heat increases the temperature of rocks ‎59．From the passage, we can conclude that __________.‎ ‎       A．people will no longer consider building materials in the future ‎       B．energy-saving buildings will become more popular in the future ‎       C．almost all people will move into the houses heated by large rocks ‎       D．energy engineers will devote themselves only to modern technology 答案 56.B 57.A 58.B 59.B ‎ ‎56.解析：这是一道细节题。第一段“However， since electricity became more and more expensive， people began to pay much attention to the energy they could get for their houses and the new ways they could find to protect their houses from both cold and heat.”表明人们利用开始房屋的能源。‎ ‎57.解析：这是一道细节题。第二段“During cold winter， they gather their cows， goats， or other animals and keep them on the first floor of their houses.”说明人们把家畜放在他们的楼下。‎ ‎58.解析：这是一道猜测词义题。根据第三段“However， home builders use the fact that heat rises.”可猜测出natural law的意思是“热向上升”。‎ ‎59.解析：这是一道主旨题。短文的最后一句“And someday in the future， people will be able to live in more energy－saving houses.”是这篇短文的结论，在将来，节能的建筑物将会普遍推行。‎ 第37题(2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语江苏卷)‎ ‎     The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits（益处） to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science. ‎ ‎     Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure（结构）of matter and of the universe; it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology —the application（应用）of science —has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life. ‎ ‎    The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science — a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science — a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.‎ ‎     Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons（武器）of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons, Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.‎ ‎    William Shakespeare said, "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill具together. " The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities – science—seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?‎ ‎72. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?‎ A.                                 B.                               C.                            D.‎ ‎73.From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that________.‎ A. a great many nuclear weapons were actually used for war B. a large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war C. the author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear weapons D. the author is anxious about the huge number of nuclear weapons on the earth ‎74.The underlined word "mingled" in the last paragraph most probably means________.‎ A. simple          B. mixed          C. sad            D. happy ‎75.What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?‎ A. Further application of science to war.‎ B. More reading of William Shakespeare.‎ C. Proper use of science in the new century.‎ D. Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.‎ 答案 72.A 73.D 74.B 75.D ‎72.解析：这是一道推断题。根据短文的内容可推断出选项A最好地说明了短文的结构。‎ ‎73.解析：这是一道主旨题。第四段中“The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons.”表明作者对地球上存在的大量核武器表示担忧。‎ ‎74.解析：这是一道猜义题。根据下文中的good and ill together可猜测出mingled的意思是“混合”。‎ ‎75.解析：这是一道主旨题。根据最后一段“Must the ill always go together with the good?”可判断出作者将在下文提出有关将“good”与“ill”分离的有效途径的建议。‎ 第38题(2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语浙江卷)‎ ‎    Supermarkets are trying out new computers that make shopping carts more intelligent（具备智能的）. They will help shoppers find paper cups or toilet soap, and keep a record of the bill. ‎ ‎    The touch-screen devices（触摸屏装置）are on show at the Food Marketing Institute’s exhibition here this week. “These devices are able to create value and get you around the store quicker,” said Michael Alexandor, manager of Springboard Retail Networks Inc, which makes a smart cart computer called the Concierge.‎ ‎     Canadian stores will test the Concierge in July. A similar device, IBM’s “Shopping Buddy”, has recently been test-marketed at Stop & Shop stores in Massachusetts.‎ ‎     Neither device tells you how many fat grams or calories are in your cart, but they will flash you with items on sale. The idea is to make it easier for people to buy, not to have second thoughts that maybe you should put something back on the shelf.‎ ‎    “The whole model is driven by advertisers’ need to get in front of shoppers,” said Alexandor. “They’re not watching 30-second TV ads anymore.”‎ ‎       People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system（系统）that will organize the trip around the store. If you’re looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.‎ ‎       The device also keeps a record of what you buy. When you’re finished, the device figures out your bill. Then you go to the checker or place your card into a self-checkout stand and pay.‎ ‎      The new computerized shopping assistants don’t come cheap. The Buddy devices will cost the average store about $160,000, and the Concierge will cost stores about $500 for each device.‎ ‎53. The underlined word “they” (paragraph 1) refers to______.‎ A. supermarkets       B. shop assistants   ‎ C. shopping carts     D. shop managers ‎54. Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with computerized shopping carts?‎ a. Start the system.                b. Make a shopping list.‎ c. Find the things you want.    d. Go to a self-checkout stand.‎ A. abdc         B. bacd       C. acbd      D. bcad ‎55. We can learn from the last paragraph that______.‎ A. intelligent shopping carts cost a large sum of money B. the Concierge is cheaper than the Buddy devices C. shop assistants with computer knowledge are well paid D. average stores prefer the Concierge to the Buddy devices ‎56. What might be the most suitable title for the text?‎ A. New age for supermarkets B. Concierge and Shopping Buddy C. New computers make shopping carts smarter D. Touch-screen devices make shopping enjoyable 答案 53.C      54.B     55.A     56.C ‎ ‎53.解析：这是一道所指题。根据第一段“Supermarkets are trying out new computers that make shopping carts more intelligent.”可确定they指的是shopping carts。‎ ‎54.解析：这是一道判断顺序题。根据短文内容可判断出正确的顺序是：列出购物清单、开动系统、找到想要的物品、去付款处。‎ ‎55.解析：这是一道主旨题。最后一段“The new computerized shopping assistants don’t come cheap.”表示这个系统非常昂贵。‎ ‎56.解析：这是一道主旨题。这篇短文讲述了一种智能城市购物车，它能完成一系列的工作，使人们的购物更加便捷。所以New computers make shopping carts smarter是最佳题目。‎ 第39题(2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语福建卷)‎ ‎       Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it is steamy, warm, damp and thick. But if you had been around 15,000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same ?For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted（反应）to the cold ,dry climates of the ice ages ,but until now ,no one has reached a satisfying answer. ‎ ‎       Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming . Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year; equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to future climate change? If it gets drier ,will it still survive and continue to draw down CO2 ?Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.‎ ‎       Unfortunately ,getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult .To study past climate ,scientists need to look at fossilized pollen ,kept in lake muds .Going back to the last ice age means drilling deep down into lake sediments （沉淀  物）,which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery .There are very few roads and paths ,or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes .Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest ,but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completely unsampled（未取样）.So far ,only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change.‎ ‎64．The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means      .‎ ‎       A．cleaning up          B．taking in              ‎ ‎       C．wiping out           D．giving out ‎ ‎65．How will the Amazon rainforest react to future climate change?‎ ‎       A．It’ll get drier and continue to remove CO2 .‎ ‎       B．It’ll remain steamy ,warm ,damp and thick .‎ ‎       C．It’ll get warmer and then colder and drier.‎ ‎       D．There is no exact answer up to present.‎ ‎66．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?‎ ‎       A．It’s important to drill deep down into lake sediments to collect information.‎ ‎       B．It’s impossible to prove how climate changes in the Amazon rainforest.‎ ‎       C．It’s hard to collect information for studies of the past climate in the Amazon rainforest.‎ ‎       D．It’s necessary to have specialized equipment and machinery to study the past climate.‎ ‎67．The best title for this passage may probably be        .‎ ‎       A．Studies of the Amazon                          B．Climates of the Amazon ‎       C．Secrets of the Rainforests                     D．Changes of the Rainforests 答案 64.B  65.D  66.C  67.C ‎ ‎64.解析：这是一道猜义题。根据下文“from the atmosphere”可猜测出mopping up的意思是“吸收”。‎ ‎65.解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据短文的最后一句话“So far，only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change.”可推断出目前还没有精确的答案。‎ ‎66.解析：这是一道主旨题。最后一段讲述了为了研究Amazon热带雨林过去的气候，科学家进行了采集信息的工作，但是，这是一件十分困难的工作。‎ ‎67.解析：这是一道主旨题。这篇短文讲述了Amazon热带雨林的奥秘。‎ 第40题(2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语湖北卷)‎ ‎       Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all ,you probably sing or whistle when you are happy. ‎ ‎       Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However ,they sing most of the time for a very different reason .Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.‎ ‎       Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own .Only he and his family are welcome there .No other families of the same species（物种）are welcome. Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome. If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you, you might shout. Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.‎ ‎       If so, you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him .A bird does the same thing. But he expects an outsider almost any time ,especially at nesting（筑巢）season. So he is screaming all the time, whether he can see an outsider or not .This screaming is what we call a bird’s song, and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away.‎ ‎       Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs.‎ ‎       You can see that birds have a language all their own. Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting up territories.‎ ‎56．Some scientists believe that most of the time birds’ singing is actually       .‎ ‎       A．an expression of happiness                   B．a way of warning ‎       C．an expression of anger                         D．a way of greeting ‎57．What is a bird’s “territory”?‎ ‎       A．A place where families of other species are not accepted.‎ ‎       B．A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice.‎ ‎       C．An area for which birds fight against each other.‎ ‎       D．An area which a bird considers to be its own.‎ ‎58．Why do birds keep on singing at nesting season?‎ ‎       A．Because they want to invite more friends.‎ ‎       B．Because their singing helps frighten outsiders away. ‎ ‎       C．Because they want to find outsiders around.‎ ‎       D．Because their singing helps get rid of their fears.‎ ‎59．How does the writer explain birds’ singing?‎ ‎       A．By comparing birds with human beings.‎ ‎       B．By reporting experiment results.‎ ‎       C．By describing birds’ daily life.‎ ‎       D．By telling a bird’s story.‎ 答案 56.B   57.D   58.B   59.A ‎ ‎56.解析：这是一道细节题。第二段说“更多情况下，它们的歌唱实际是对其他鸟类置身于它们领域之外的警告”。而A项是some of the time的原因。注意命题中写的是most of the time。‎ ‎57.解析：这是一道细节推测题。第三段第一行说“领域就是动物，特别是雄性，声称属于自己的区域”。‎ ‎58.解析：第四段最后一句“这种尖叫就是我们说的鸟的歌唱，它通常足以防范外来者”。‎ ‎59.解析：第一段就举了“你高兴的时候也会唱歌和吹口哨”的例子；第三、四段也讲了陌生人进入你的地域（家）你也会喊叫的例子。因此作者是用人来和鸟比较。‎ ‎ ‎ 第41题(2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语湖南卷)‎ ‎     At Dallas/Fort Worth Airport, the lights are controlled by sensors that measure sunlight. They dim immediately when it's sunny and brighten when a passing cloud blocks the sun. ‎ ‎     A wall of windows at a University of Pennsylvania engineering building has built-in blinds (百叶窗) controlled by a computer program that follows the sun's path.‎ ‎    Buildings are getting smarter -- and the next generation of building materials is expected to do even more.‎ ‎     Windows could catch the sun's energy to heat water. Sensors that measure the carbon dioxide breathed out by people in a room could determine whether the air conditioning needs to be turned up.‎ ‎     Many new materials and technology have been designed in the last 15 years. They now being used in a wave of buildings designed to save as much energy as possible. They include old ideas, like "green roofs," where a belt of plants on a roof helps the building keep heat in winter and stay cool in summer, and new ideas, like special coating for windows that lets light in, but keeps heat out.‎ ‎     As technologies such as sensors become cheaper, their uses spread.‎ ‎     The elevators (电梯) at Seven World Trade Center, which is under construction in New York, use a system that groups people traveling to nearby floor into the same elevator, thus saving elevator stops. People who work in the building will enter it by swiping (刷) ID cards that will tell the elevators their floor; readouts will then tell them which elevator to use. The building also has windows with a coating that blocks heat while letting in light.‎ ‎    More new building materials and technology are in development. A Philadelphia building firm is now working on "smart wrap" that uses tiny solar collectors to catch the sun's energy and transmitters (传输器) the width of a human hair to move it. They are expected to change the face of the construction industry in the next ten years or so.‎ ‎72. ______ will be developed and used in the construction industry. ‎ ‎     A. "Green roofs" that cool or heat buildings ‎     B. "Smart wrap" that catches the sun's energy ‎     C. Sunlight-measuring sensors that control lights ‎     D. Window coating that lets light in, but keeps heat out       ‎ ‎73. The elevators at Seven‎ World Trade ‎Center are special because they can ___‎ ‎     A. send people to floors with fewer stops ‎     B. teach people how to use their ID cards ‎     C. make people stay very cool in summer ‎     D. help people go traveling in the building                ‎ ‎74. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to _____.‎ ‎     A. a human hair                   B. smart wrap ‎     C. the sun's energy             D. a transmitter           ‎ ‎75. What might be the most suitable title for the text?‎ ‎     A. Buildings Are Becoming Smarter ‎     B. Buildings Are Getting More Sunlight ‎     C. Buildings Are Lacking in Much Energy ‎     D. Buildings Are Using Cheaper Materials ‎ 答案 72.B 73.A 74.C 75.A ‎ ‎72.解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据最后一段中“A Philadelphia building firm is now working on ‘smart wrap’ that uses tiny solar collectors to catch the sun’s energy and transmitters the width of a human hair to move it. They are expected to changes the face of the construction industry in the next ten years or so.”可判断出收集太阳能的Smart wrap将被发展用于建筑工业中。‎ ‎73.解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据倒数第二段“The elevators at Seven World Trade Center，which is under construction in New York，use a system that groups people traveling to nearby floors into the same elevator，thus saving elevator stops.”可推断出在Seven World Trade Center所使用的电梯特殊的原因是它可使电梯停的次数减少。‎ ‎74.解析：这是一道所指题。根据上文可推测出it指的是太阳能。‎ ‎75.解析：这是一道主旨题。这篇短文主要讲述了楼房的建筑采用了节约能量的方法，使楼房的建筑更加神奇。‎ 第42题(2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语江西卷)‎ ‎       The tea gardens in Sri Lanka are actually large estates(种植园). The best tea usually comes from plants grown on high grounds, the cool hilltops with rows and rows of tea plants. The plants are about one metre apart. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimetres high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got. ‎ ‎       Practically all the tea pickers are women. The estates prefer to employ women pickers because they are more careful. Their thin fingers can easily remove the twin leaves and new shoots from the plant, which are the parts used for processing(加工) tea. The pickers carry large baskets into which they throw their pickings. A skilled worker can harvest between 9 to 14 kilogrammes of tea leaves a day. Usually new shoots can be picked from the plants about every ten or fifteen days.‎ ‎       Processing tea shoots into the familiar dry tea leaves requires great care and skill .There are various methods of processing depending on the type of tea required .For black tea ,the young green leaves are first spread out o shelves to dry. This process removes much of its water and the leaves become soft. After this ,the leaves are passed through heavy rollers .This operation will press the leaves for juices which give the tea both its colour and taste .Then the leaves are spread out on floors and left to ferment （发酵）under wet conditions. Fermentation develops the rich taste of black tea .The fermented leaves are then dried with a hot-air blower until they become rolled-up black leaves .The final step is to sort and grade them before the black tea is ready for sale to countries all over the world.‎ ‎68.In the first paragraph ,the word “pruning” means       .‎ ‎  A.regular cutting of the plants   B.frequent watering ‎ ‎  C.regular use of chemicals         D.growing the plants high in the mountain ‎69.One of the reasons why women are employed to do the picking is that        .‎ ‎  A.they work harder than men do in the picking ‎  B.they can throw their pickings more easily into the baskets ‎  C.their fingers fit them better for the job.‎ ‎  D.they can more easily find the twin leaves.‎ ‎70.How many processing steps are mentioned in the last paragraph?‎ ‎  A.Three.    B.Four.    C.Five.    D.Six.‎ ‎71.What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ ‎  A.To introduce various methods of tea processing.‎ ‎  B.To persuade readers to buy tea from Sri Lanka.‎ ‎  C.To tell a story that had happened in the tea gardens.‎ ‎  D.To inform readers of tea growing ,picking and processing. ‎ 答案 68.A 69.C 70.C 71.D ‎68.解析：这是一道猜测词义题，根据remain only 60 to 90 centimetershigh可以推断pruning是修剪枝叶的意思。‎ ‎69.解析：这是一道细节推断题，根据their thin fingers can easily remove the twin leaves and new shoots from the plant可以知道她们手指很细，适合采茶。‎ ‎70.解析：制茶需要经过风干、压榨、发酵、干燥、分级5个步骤。‎ ‎71.解析：这是一道主旨题，本文主要讲茶叶的栽培、采摘、加工过程。‎ 第43题(2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语安徽卷)‎ ‎     When I was small and my grandmother died I couldn’t understand why I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laugh turned into crying. ‎ ‎      So it came as no surprise to learn that researchers believe crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying.‎ ‎    Whatever it takes for us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional (情感的) health, and crying seems to study found that 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men report feeling better after crying.‎ ‎     Besides, tears attract help from other people. Researchers agree that when we cry, people around us become kinder and friendly and they are more ready to provide support and comfort. Tears also enable us to understand our emotions better; sometimes we don't even know we' re very sad until we cry. We learn about our emotions through Crying, and then we can deal with them.‎ ‎      Just as crying can be healthy, not crying — holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering — can be bad for physical (身体的) health, Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don't fight it. It's a natural  — and healthy — emotional response (反应).‎ ‎60. Why didn't the author cry when her grandmother died?‎ A. Because her father did not want her to feel too sad.‎ B. Because she did not love her grandmother.‎ C. Because she was too shy to cry at that time.‎ D. Tie author doesn’t give the explanation.‎ ‎61. It can be inferred from the text that ______.‎ A. there are two ways to keep healthy B. crying does more good to health than laughing C. crying and laughing play the same roles D. emotional health has a close relationship to physical health ‎62. According to the author, which of the following statements is true?‎ A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.‎ B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.‎ C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.‎ D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.‎ ‎63. What might be the most suitable title for the text?‎ A. Power of Tears         B. How to Keep Healthy C. Why We Cry             D. A New Scientific Discovery 答案 60. D   61. D   62. B    63. A ‎ ‎60.解析：这是一道细节题。从第一段“When I was small，my grandmother died.I couldn’t understand why I had no tears.”可知，作者不知道自己为什么没有哭泣。‎ ‎61.解析：这是一道推断题。根据最后一段“Just as crying can be healthy，not crying—holding back tears of anger，pain or suffering—can be bad for physical health.”可推断出情绪与身体健康有着密切的关系。‎ ‎62.解析：这是一道判断正误题。根据短文内容可判断出忍住眼泪可能会引起健康问题。‎ ‎63.解析：这是一道主旨题。这篇短文主要讲述了哭泣有利于健康，即Power of Tears。‎ 第44题(2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语山东卷)‎ ‎        A device that stops drivers form falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months. ‎ ‎       The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20% - 40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue.‎ ‎       Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband. The device, worn by drivers or pilots, gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel (方向盘). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound the driver’s response.‎ ‎       Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.‎ ‎       In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver’s response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.‎ ‎       The device has been delivered to the department’s laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months’ time, are successful, the makers will bring the product to market within about a year.‎ ‎72.     According to the text, Driver Alert ______.‎ A. aims to reduce tiredness-related accidents B. has gone through testing at laboratories C. aims to prevent drivers form sleeping D. has been on sale for 12 months ‎73.   How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert?‎ A. By sounding a warning.                  B. By touching the wristband.‎ C. By checking the driving time.          D.By pressing the steering wheel.‎ ‎74.   We can learn form the text that the driver needs to stop for a break when his response time is ____‎ A. about 400 milliseconds                     B. below 500 milliseconds C. over 500 milliseconds                     D. about 4 minutes ‎75.   When the driver gets sleepy while driving, Driver Alert ______.‎ A. moves more regularly                           B. stops working properly C. opens the window for the driver         D. sounds more frequently and loudly 答案 72.A 73.D 74.C 75.D ‎72.解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据第二段“The system， called Driver Alert， aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%－40% that are caused by tiredness.”可判断出Driver Alert的目的是减少与疲劳有关的车祸。‎ ‎73.解析：这是一道细节题。从第三段“After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel.”可以看出司机通过按方向盘的方法来进行反应。‎ ‎74.解析：这是一道细节推断题。第四段“Usually， a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond， but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds， it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.”说明当司机的反应时间超过500毫秒时，司机就必须休息。‎ ‎75.解析：这是一道细节推断题。根据倒数第二段“In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds， showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest.”可判断出当司机发困时，Driver Alert就会频繁地发出很大的声音。‎ 第45题(2005年普通高等学校春季招生考试英语北京卷)‎ Sleep Struggle DR.MARJORIE SEIDENFELD ANSWERS YOUR HEALTH QUESTIONS ‎      I have such a terrible time falling asleep every night that I’m always tired and it’s affecting my schoolwork.What should I do?‎ ‎—Mindy in ‎Nevada ‎       One in every five young people has a sleep problem,so you’re not alone.Getting enough sleep has become as important as eating vegetables and exercising regularly.It’s very important for your body.‎ ‎      Most young people only get seven hours of sleep each night,when they actually need nine hours.And making up for lost sleep during the week by sleeping in on weekends doesn’t really work.In fact,sleeping late on weekends may actually do you more harm than good,if you have sleep problems.‎ ‎     What happens if you don’t get enough sleep?If your sleep problem continues for a few nights,you could suffer serious problems.Lack of sleep can affect learning and memory.Worse,if your sleep difficulties last a long time,that could lead to anxiety or depression（抑郁）.Therefore,you’ve got to have some healthy sleep habits.Below are some suggestions：‎ ‎     ●GO To BED AT THE SAME TIME-including weekends,if possible.‎ ‎     ●WAKE UP AROUND THE SAME TIME EVERY MORNING.When you sleep late just one morning during the week,it may disturb your body clock.This will make it hard for you to sleep that night.‎ ‎     ●DO SOMETHING RELAXING before going to bed.‎ ‎     ●EXERCISE DURING THE DAY.Don’t exercise right before going to bed.‎ ‎     ●AVOID DRINKING ALCOHOL.Alcohol makes you excited.This prevents you from falling asleep or wakes you up during the night.‎ ‎     ●DON’T SMOKE.Smoking is always bad for the body.Smoking before bedtime keeps you awake.‎ ‎      If trying these tips over a couple of weeks does not help you,speak to your doctor.Do not take any sleeping pills without first asking your doctor.Many have strong side effects.‎ ‎60.According to the passage,if you have sleep problems for a few nights,you could be     .‎ ‎  A.lonely   B.serious   C.forgetful   D.depressed ‎61.The passage suggests that people with sleep problems should     .‎ ‎  A.eat vegetables and exercise regularly   B.make up for lost sleep on weekends ‎  C.follow a fixed timetable for sleep   D.sleep seven hours every day ‎62.We can learn from the suggestions that     .‎ ‎  A.getting up earlier one morning makes it easier to fall asleep that night ‎  B.listening to soft music before going to bed may help you fall asleep ‎  C.smokers and those who drink alcohol usually have sleep problems ‎  D.exercising in the evening will help you get to sleep ‎63.Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ ‎  A.Sleep problems are serious among young people.‎ ‎  B.Sleeping late on weekends can make up for lost sleep.‎ ‎  C.Your eating habits will be broken due to lack of sleep ‎  D.You’ll no longer have your sleep problem if you try the tips.‎ 答案 60.C 61.C              62.B        63.A ‎ 第46题(2004年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语全国卷Ⅰ)‎ ‎        The famous American gorilla（大猩猩）expert Diane Fossey had a completely new way to study gorillas－she pretended to be one of them. She copied their actions and way of life－eating plants and getting down on her hands and knees to walk the way a gorilla does. It was a  new relationship. ‎ ‎        Diane Fossey was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and her story was made into the popular film Gorillas in the Mist.  It was a long way from King Kong, which is about a gorilla as a monster（a frightening animal）, and helped to show a new idea：the real monster is man, while the gorilla is to be admired. ‎ ‎       Today there are thought to be around 48 000 lowland gorillas and maybe 400-450 mountain gorillas in the wild. From the Congo in West Africa, to Rwanda and Uganda further east, they are endangered by hunting and by the cutting down of their forest homes. ‎ ‎        Some time ago, I found in my letterbox a little magazine from the World Wide Fund for Nature. It had two photos side by side. One was of a young gorilla. “This is a species of mammal（哺乳类动物）, ”said the words below it. “It is being destroyed by man. We must save it for our own good. ”The other photo showed a human baby. The words also read, “This is a species of mammal, ”but then went on：“It is the most destructive（破坏性的）on earth. We must retrain it for its own good. ”‎ ‎56. The text mainly talks about______. ‎ A. Diane Fossey                                           B. the gorillas in ‎Rwanda C. the protection of the gorillas                 D. the film Gorillas in the Mist ‎57. We can learn from the text that______. ‎ A. Gorillas in the Mist was based on Fossey’s experiences B. lowland gorillas live longer than mountain gorillas C. King Kong showed us that a gorilla is admirable D. Diane Fossey was murdered by a gorilla ‎58. What message can we get from the two photos in the magazine?‎ A. Gorillas are man’s close friends. ‎ B. Both man and the gorilla need to be saved. ‎ C. Young gorillas are as lovely as human babies. ‎ D. Man should live peacefully with the gorilla. ‎ 答案 56. C       57. A              58. D ‎ 第47题(2004年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎      Before a new type of airplane goes into service,every part of it is tested again and again.But there are two tests that are more important than all the others. ‎ ‎     The first is called the “tank test”.A modern airplane must fly very high in the sky.Air must be pumped into the plane so that the passengers can breathe.The metal structure（结构）of the plane has to be very strong for this reason.When the plane is filled with air,the air presses against the skin of the plane inside.The pressure（压力）on a small window is like a huge foot that is trying to get out.If a small part of the plane were to fail,the plane would explode in the sky.To test the structure of the plane,the plane is lowered into a huge tank or container of water.Then it is filled with air.The pressure inside the plane is greater than it ever will be when it is high up in the air.Finally,there is an explosion.This does not ‎ cause so much damage inside the water tank as it would anywhere else.Engineers can discover which part of the plane has broken.Then that part is made stronger.‎ ‎       The most dangerous test happens when the new plane is going through test flights in the air.The test pilot must find out exactly what happens when the engines（发动机） are all shut off at once.The plane begins to fall like a stone.It is the pilot’s job to find out how he can get control of the plane again.These two tests are examples of how planes are made safe before they ever carry passengers.‎ ‎68.By doing the“tank test”,the engineers can find out______.‎ A.the amount of air in the plane B.the strength of the plane structure C.the pressure inside and outside the plane D.the power of the airplane engines ‎69.What will happen to the plane under the“tank test”?‎ A.It will be broken B.It will be made stronger.‎ C.It will be filled with water. D.It will be tested by pilots.‎ ‎70.According to the text,why are test flights most dangerous?‎ A.The plane may explode in the air. B.he pilot may lose control of the plane.‎ C.The engines may be damaged. D.Too much air may get into the plane.‎ ‎71.What might be the most suitable title for the text?‎ A.Two Important Tests on Airplanes B.The Importance of Flying Safely C.The Danger of Testing Airplanes D.How Airplanes Are Made and Tested 答案 68.B        69.A              70.B        71.A       ‎ 第48题(2004年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语北京卷)‎ ‎     Grown－ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding? ‎ ‎    To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion（视觉影像）of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out and touch , and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements. All the 16-to 24- week -old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there. ‎ ‎    Grown－ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land? ‎ ‎     Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16－week－old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted（替换）a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week -old babies did not seem to notice the switch（更换）. Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of“something permanence, ”while the 22－week－old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object. ‎ ‎  68. The passage is mainly about _____. ‎ ‎    A. babies’ sense of sight B. effects of experiments on babies ‎ ‎    C. babies’ understanding of objects D. different tests on babies’ feelings ‎ ‎  69. In Paragraph 3, “object permanence”means that when out of sight, an object ________. ‎ ‎    A. still exists     B. keeps its shape     C. still stays solid     D. is beyond reach ‎ ‎  70. What did Bower use in his experiments? ‎ ‎    A. A chair.     B. A screen.     C. A film.     D. A box. ‎ ‎  71. Which of the following statements is true? ‎ ‎    A. The babies didn’t have a sense of direction. ‎ ‎    B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls. ‎ ‎    C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects. ‎ ‎    D. The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion. ‎ 答案 68. C  69. A  70. B  71. D 第49题(2004年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语北京卷)‎ How Long Can People Live? ‎ ‎    She took up skating at age 85, made her first movie appearance at age 114, and held a concert in the neighborhood on her 121 st birthday. ‎ ‎     When it comes to long life, Jeanne Calment is the world’s recordholder. She lived to the ripe old age of 122. So is 122 the upper limit to the human life span（寿命）? If scientists come up with some sort of pill or diet that would slow aging, could we possibly make it to 150－or beyond? ‎ ‎     Researchers don’t entirely agree on the answers. “Calment lived to 122, so it wouldn’t surprise me if someone alive today reaches 130 or 135, ”says Jerry Shay at the University‎ of ‎Texas. ‎ ‎     Steve Austad at the University‎ of ‎Texas agrees. “People can live much longer than we think, ”he says. “Experts used to say that humans couldn’t live past 110. When Calment blew past that age, they raised the number to 120. So why can’t we go higher? ”‎ ‎     The trouble with guessing how old people can live to be is that it’s all just guessing. “Anyone can make up a number, ”says Rich Miller at the University‎ of ‎Michigan.     “Usually the scientist who picks the highest number gets his name in Time magazine. ”‎ ‎     Won’t new anti-aging techniques keep us alive for centuries? Any cure, says Miller, for aging would probably keep most of us kicking until about 120. Researchers are working on treatments that lengthen the life span of mice by 50 percent at most. So, if the average human life span is about 80 years, says Miller, “adding another 50 percent would get you to 120. ”‎ ‎    So what can we conclude from this little disagreement among the researchers? That life span is flexible（有弹性的）, but there is a limit, says George Martin of the University of Washington. “We can get flies to live 50 percent longer, ”he says. “But a fly’s never going to live 150 years. ”Of course, if you became a new species （物种）, one that ages at a slower speed, that would be a different story, he adds. ‎ ‎     Does Martin really believe that humans could evolve （进化）their way to longer life? “It’s pretty cool to think about, ”he says with a smile. ‎ ‎  72. What does the story of Jeanne Calment prove to us? ‎ ‎    A. People can live to 122.     B. Old people are creative. ‎ ‎    C. Women are sporty at 85.     D. Women live longer than men. ‎ ‎  73. According to Steve Austad at the University‎ of ‎Texas, ______. ‎ ‎    A. the average human life span could be 110‎ ‎    B. scientists cannot find ways to slow aging ‎ ‎    C. few people can expect to live to over 150 ‎ ‎    D. researchers are not sure how long people can live ‎ ‎  74. Who would agree that a scientist will become famous if he makes the wildest guess at longevity? ‎ ‎    A. Jerry Shay.     B. Steve Austad     C. Rich Miller     D. George Martin ‎ ‎  75. What can we infer from the last three paragraphs? ‎ ‎    A. Most of us could be good at sports even at 120. ‎ ‎    B. The average human life span cannot be doubled ‎ ‎    C. Scientists believe mice are aging at a slower speed than before. ‎ ‎    D. New techniques could be used to change flies into a new species ‎ 答案 72. A  73. D  74. C  75. B ‎ 第50题(2004年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语天津卷)‎ ‎       Monarch butterflies（黑脉金斑蝶）are a common summer sight in the northern United States and Canada.These large orange and black insects（昆虫）brighten parks and gardens as they fly lightly among the flowers.What makes monarchs particularly interesting is that they migrate（迁飞）—all the way to California or Mexico and back.They are thought to be the only insect that does this. ‎ ‎       Every year in the late summer monarchs begin their journey to the south. Those heading for Mexico go first for the Louisiana-Mississippi area,then fly across the Gulf of Mexico into Texas.Once in Mexico,they settle themselves in one of about fifteen places in a mountain forest filled with fir trees.Each place provides a winter home for millions of monarchs.The butterflies are so many that they often cover entire trees.When spring comes,they begin their long journey north.‎ ‎        The question is often asked whether every butterfly makes the round-trip journey every year.And the answer is no.The average monarch lives about nine months.So one flying north might lay eggs in Louisiana and then die.The eggs of that generation may be found in Kentucky;the eggs of the next generation may end up in Wisconsin or Michigan.The last generation of the season,about the fourth,will make their way back to Mexico and restart the journey.‎ ‎        Scientists learn about monarchs’ migration by catching and making marks on the insects.By recatching a monarch with such a mark and noticing where it came from,the next scientist can get to know things like the butterfly’s age and its routing（路线）.‎ ‎56.One of the places where monarchs spend the winter is______.‎ A.the‎ Gulf of Mexico B.an area in ‎Mississippi C.a forest in Mexico D.a plain in ‎Texas ‎57.The routing of monarchs’ migration can be learned______.‎ A.by examining the marks made on them B.by collecting their eggs in the mountains ‎ C.by comparing their different ages D.by counting the dead ones in the forests ‎58.What is the subject discussed in the passage?‎ A.Migration of monarchs. B.Scientists’ interest in monarchs.‎ C.Winter home of monarchs. D.Life and death of monarchs.‎ 答案 56.C        57.A              58.A ‎ 第51题(2004年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语天津卷)‎ ‎      Millions of aircraft take off around the world every year.The skies they fly in seem limitless-miles of empty space.But,with the number of flights increasing each year,this emptiness no longer exists.Researchers in the world of aviation（航空）are worried about the increasing pressure on pilots and ground controllers.And increasing collisions ,occurring at or near an airport,have called attention to the need for more aids（辅助设备）to aviation control. ‎ ‎     People who travel the skies are not certain about air safety.A great deal of money is spent on new and bigger aircraft and airports to deal with the vast increase in passengers travelling by air.Only a small percentage of this money is spent on navigation（导航）and other aids.Actually,suitable electronic equipment has long existed,and many companies market safety aids designed to make it safer for aircraft to take off,fly any distance,and land,whatever the weather.Yet,there are two problems to be solved.The first is to get governments,airlines and airport officials to agree to basic levels of safety aids.The second problem is to find a way of meeting these basic requirements.‎ ‎      But no matter how well the equipment works,operators of the equipment still play an important role.Communications between pilots and ground controllers are extremely important to air safety.It is worth pointing out that the mishearing or misunderstanding of instructions in English,and the use of another language,in an international conversation,have led to two recent aircraft accidents.A new type of instrument（仪器）called FLIGHTWATCH would help pilots prevent airport collisions.It would be particularly helpful near airports.‎ ‎68.The increasing number of flights leads to the fact that______.‎ A.flying is no longer limited in the sky B.there is no empty space for aids to aviation control C.piloting and controlling planes is getting more difficult ‎ D.the pressure on the ground becomes greater ‎69.There is uncertainty about air safety because______.‎ A.planes become bigger for the increasing number of passengers B.money spent on electronic equipment is far from enough C.suitable electronic equipment hasn’t been invented yet D.it is dangerous for planes to take off or land ‎70.The underlined word“collisions”probably means______.‎ A.accidents in which two planes hit each other ‎ B.misunderstandings between pilots and ground controllers C.quarrels among passengers D.breakdowns of new types of instrument ‎71.It can be inferred from the passage that______.‎ A.governments and officials have paid great attention to air safety B.there should be more companies to sell new safety aids C.English should be used in an international conversation D.understanding between pilots and ground controllers should be improved 答案 68.C        69.B        70.A              71.D ‎ 第52题(2004年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语福建卷)‎ ‎       The gray-haired lady can’t wait to leave the building to search for her dad.Unless watched,she will walk in the streets in an effort to find her father,who died 30 years ago. ‎ ‎     Not all cases of Alzheimer’s disease look like this,but Alzheimer’s is a serious disease that is said to be the fourth or fifth leading cause of death for people over age 75.‎ ‎      It is said that about three percent of the U.S. population over age 65 have Alzheimer’s.In the early stages,people may exhibit short term memory loss.Some may experience changes in personality,easy to be angry.As the disease progresses,patients might lose the ability to move and may be unable to speak or move at all.This progressive disease generally lasts 8 to 10 years before death occurs.‎ ‎      While no one is certain what causes these changes in the brain’s nerve fibers（神经纤维），their effect is certain.Alzheimer’s destroys not only the patients,but also spouses（配偶）,friends and families.‎ ‎        What should you do if you notice progressive memory loss in yourself or a loved one?Have the person examined by a doctor who is a specialist in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.Though many reasons other than Alzheimer’s disease may cause memory loss,its early diagnosis（诊断）and treatment may delay some of the most serious effects.‎ ‎       What feeling will you likely experience should a loved one suffer from Alzheimer’s disease?A person will often go through the various stages of sadness,shock,anger,and so on.If the spouse develops the disease,you may experience hurt and disappointment when he or she doesn’t remember you are married.‎ ‎       Life for the Alzheimer’s patients and their loved ones will never be the same as the disease progresses,bringing a deep sorrow,loss and even anger towards God.No matter what feelings are present,facing them honestly will serve one better than burying them.‎ ‎68.What can be inferred from the passage about the gray-haired lady?‎ A.She has been living with her father.‎ B.She was sad about the death of her father.‎ C.She can’t search for her father without being watched.‎ D.She suffers from Alzheimer’s disease.‎ ‎69.When people suffer from Alzheimer’s disease,______.‎ A.their families and friends will suffer from the same disease B.their families and friends will experience mental sufferings C.they will certainly die in 8 to 10 years D.they will forget everybody but their spouses ‎70.Memory loss occurs______.‎ A.from Alzheimer’s disease and nothing else B.from sadness,shock,anger,and so on C.for a number of reasons D.with changes in personality ‎71.From the passage we know that______.‎ A.early treatment may stop Alzheimer’s disease occurring B.it is still unknown what causes the changes in the brain’s nerve fibers C.nerve fibers in the brain will cause Alzheimer’s disease D.when one suffers from Alzheimer’s disease,he will be buried 答案 68.D           69.B           70.C           71.B ‎ 第53题(2004年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语湖北卷)‎ ‎      If a person forgets names, places or facts—and has trouble with everyday things like reading or shopping—it may not mean you are getting old. It could be Alzheimer’s disease. So It’s important to see a doctor as soon as you can. ‎ ‎      There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. ‎ ‎      In studies, ARICEPT has been proved to work for Alzheimer’s. It has helped people improve their memory over time. It has also helped them to keep doing everyday things on their own. ‎ ‎      Ask your doctor if ARICEPT is right for you or your loved one. It is the Number One drug for Alzheimer’s in the world. The sooner you know it’s Alzheimer’s, the better ARICEPT can help. ‎ ‎     ARICEPT is good for many but may not be good for everyone. Some people may experience not sleeping well, feeling very tired, or not wanting to eat. In studies, these side effects weren’t serious at all and went away over time. Some people taking ARICEPT may feel light-headed. In this case you should tell your doctors because your condition may get worse. ‎ ‎60. If one suffers from Alzheimer’s, ______. ‎ A. he has trouble with his memory B. he can’t do everyday things on his own C. he often forgets things because he is old D. he can’t move about ‎61. What is ARICEPT? ‎ A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s. B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. ‎ C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. ‎ D. A medicine to cure brain damage. ‎ ‎62. One who is taking ARICEPT should go to see a doctor if he______. ‎ A. can’t fall asleep                          B. feels tired out C. has no desire to eat                   D. feels like a drunken man 答案 60. A　61. C　62. D ‎ 第54题(2004年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语湖北卷)‎ ‎     The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet（彗星）is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth. ‎ ‎     On 17 July, a piece four kilometres wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere（大气层）with a massive explosion. About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed. Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometre high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. ‎ ‎      Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina. Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes‎ ‎Mountains. The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won’t escape for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun won’t be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for food.  A year later, no more than 10 million people remain alive. ‎ ‎     Could it really happen?  In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldn’t live through the cold climate that followed and they died out. Will we  meet the same end? ‎ ‎72. What is mainly described in the passage? ‎ A. A historic discovery.                   B. An event of imagination. ‎ C. A research on space.                  D. A scientific adventure. ‎ ‎73. When the first piece hits the South Atlantic, it causes______. ‎ A. an earthquake                             B. damages to cities C. an Earth explosion                      D. huge waves ‎74. Why can’t the northern half of the earth escape for long? ‎ A. Because the land is covered with water. ‎ B. Because the light and heat from the sun can not reach the earth. ‎ C. Because people there can not live at the temperature of zero. ‎ D. Because wars break out among countries. ‎ ‎75. By giving the example of dinosaurs, the author tries to prove______. ‎ A. animals could not live in the cold climate B. what happened 65 million years ago was an invented story C. the human beings will die out in 2094‎ D. the Earth could be hit by other objects in space 答案 72.  B　73.  D　74.  B　75.  D 第55题(2004年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语湖南卷)‎ ‎       Do you want to live another 100 years or more?Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans so last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span. ‎ ‎    “I think we are knocking at the door of immortality（永生）.”said Michael Zey a Mentclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future.“I think by 2075 we will see it and that’s conservative estimate（保守的估计）.”‎ ‎       At the conference in San Francisco，Danald Louria，a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanctechnology（纳米技术）make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past.“There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years，”he said.“Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years.”‎ ‎       However，many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years.Even with healthier lifestyle  and less decade，they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death.‎ ‎      Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live.“It remains to be seen if you pass 120，you know，could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life?”said Leonard Poon，director of the University of Georgina Gerontology Centre.“At present people who could get to that paint are not in good health at all.”‎ ‎67.By saying“we are knocking at the door of immortality”，Michael Zey means______.‎ A.they believe that there is no limit of living B.they are sure to find the truth about long living C.they have got some ideas about living forever D.they are able to make people live past the present life span ‎68.Donald Louria’s attitude toward long living is that______.‎ A.people can live from 120 to 180‎ B.it is still doubtful how long humans can live C.the human body is designed to last past about 120 years D.it is possible for humans to live longer in the future ‎69.The underlined“it”（Paragraph 4） refers to______.‎ A.a great push B.the idea of living beyond the present life span C.the idea of living from 200 to 300 years D.the conservative estimate ‎70.What would be the best title for this text?‎ A.Living Longer or Not B.Science，Technology and Long Living C.No Limit for Human Life D.Healthy Lifestyle and Long Living 答案 67.C        68.D              69.B        70.A ‎ 第56题(2004年普通高等学校春季招生考试英语北京卷)‎ Planet Hunter ‎      When Geoff Marcy was 14，his parents bought him a telescope.Every night，he would go onto the roof outside his window to see the wonders of the sky.“What excited me most was whether there were planets（行星）in other solar（太阳的）systems where life might exist，”he says.“I decided to try to find planets orbiting沿……轨道运行）other stars like our Sun.”‎ ‎       And he did.“My fellow researcher，Paul Butler，and I found our first planet in 1995，”Dr. Marcy says.“We worked for ten years without finding anything! But we stuck with it，and our patience paid off.”‎ ‎      Since then，the two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets found orbiting other stars.Dr. Marcy and Dr. Butler also spotted the first“family”of three planets.In June 2002 they announced another discovery：a Jupiter-like（像木星一样的）planet orbiting star 55 Cancri.‎ ‎       At first，the two researchers found only planets that orbit close to stars.Recently，the scientists found planets farther out.The planet orbiting 55 Cancri is a major breakthrough：it is the first sighting of a large gas planet about the same distance from the star as Jupiter is from the Sun.‎ ‎      Why is this important？Scientists think that life on Earth may exist because of two special features（特征）in our solar system.The first is Jupiter.‎ ‎     “Because it’s so big，Jupiter pulls comets and asteroids（小行星），or they all come and hit the Earth.”Dr. Marcy explains.“Without Jupiter，life on Earth would likely have been destroyed.”‎ ‎       A second feature is that Earth is a rocky planet where liquid water，which is necessary for life，can exist.Unlike gas planets，rocky planets like Earth have surfaces where water can gather in pools and seas，which may support life.A huge space exists between the Jupiter-like planet and two other planets that lie close to 55 Cancri.Is there an Earth-like planet in the space，too small for us to notice？If so，says Dr.Marcy，“We would have two striking similarities to our solar system：a Jupiter-like planet and an Earth-like planet.And there may be life!”‎ ‎71.What can we learn about Dr. Marcy from the passage？‎ ‎ A.He is fond of watching Jupiter.  B.He is from a scientist family.‎ ‎ C.He dislikes working with Paul Butler.  D.He is interested in finding life in outer space.‎ ‎72.Which of the following is true of the recent discovery？‎ ‎ A.The planet is not as protective as Jupiter.  B.The planet is close to star 55 Cancri.‎ ‎ C.The planet proves to be a gas planet.  D.The planet is as large as Jupiter.‎ ‎73.How many planets orbiting other stars have the two scientists discovered so far？‎ ‎ A.100.                             B.69.                C.66.                D.65.‎ ‎74.Dr.Marcy thinks that life may exist in the 55 Cancri system because     .‎ ‎  A.he has found the system similar to the solar system ‎  B.he has discovered an Earth-like planet there ‎  C.he has discovered a rocky planet there ‎  D.he has found signs of life in the system ‎75.“But we stuck with it”（in Paragraph 3）means      .‎ ‎  A.they felt discouraged                            B.they carried on with it ‎  C.they failed in their attempt                   D.they made some progress 答案 71.D               72.C       73.D                     74.A                   75.B ‎ 第57题(2003年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语北京卷)‎ ‎        If you dream of going someplace warm to escape the cold winter weather,a trip to a recently discovered planet would certainly warm you right up.The planet,named OGLE-TR-56b,has temperatures of more than 3 000°F.“This is the hottest planet we know about,”says Dr.Dimitar Sasselov,a scientist who led the discovery team.“It is hot enough to have an iron fog and to rain hot iron droplets（细沫）.” ‎ ‎       The new planet is 30 times farther away than any planet discovered scientists before.It is in the Milky Way（银河）but it is not in our solar（太阳的）system.The new planet movesarounda star much like our sun,however,Scientists discovered the planet by using a new planet-searching method,called “transit technique”.They were able to catch sight of the planet when it moved in front of its star,causing the star’s light to dim（变暗）.Scientists compare the method to discovering the shadow of a bee flying in front of a searchlight 200 miles away.“We believe the door has been opened wide to go and discover planets like Earth,”says Sasselov.‎ ‎58.We can infer from the passage that______.‎ A.there is iron on the new planet B.we could go to the new planet in winter C.the star could block our view of the new planet D.scientists are studying the weather on the new planet ‎59.The “transit technique” can______.‎ A.help dim the light of a star B.help scientists with a searchlight C.help discover a bee on a planet D.help find a planet moving before its star ‎60.Which is the best title for the passage?‎ A.New Planet-searching Technique. B.New Distant Discovery.‎ C.Space Searching. D.Dream Planet.‎ 答案 58.C               59.D                     60.B ‎ 第58题(2003年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语北京卷)‎ ‎       Elephants don’t forget—at least,female（雌性的）elephants don’t.Elephant families are matriarchal.And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group’s survival（生存）,according to a study published in April by Karen McComb,a biologist at Sussex University in England. ‎ ‎        Elephants announce their presence by making a deep,long sound,a practice referred to as contact calling（联络呼叫）.An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside thefamilygroup is nearby.A stranger can cause trouble,interrupting feeding or disturbing the young.So an elephant matriarch signals the family to gather around her;then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller.False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding,so survival may depend in part on getting it right.‎ ‎      Working with Cynthia Moss,who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago,McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old.She played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls.In fact,a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call.However, families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call as compared with a familiar call.And they gathered together a lot.Moreover,the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favourable results:Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female-reproductive year.‎ ‎       This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families.As elephants age,they continue to grow larger,as do their much wanted tusks（象牙）.So theolder—and wiser—a matriarch is,the greater the chance she will be killed.About 800,000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years.‎ ‎61.What does the underlined word “matriarch” mean?‎ A.An old member of an elephant family. B.A female head of an elephant family.‎ C.A wise elephant. D.A large elephant.‎ ‎62.When do elephants form into a group?‎ A.When they are feeding the young. B.When they see a familiar elephant.‎ C.When they are giving birth to baby elephants.‎ D.When the leading elephant gives out a warning.‎ ‎63.The research with recordings of contact calls shows______.‎ A.how fast elephants form into groups B.how important the age of a leading elephant is C.how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call D.how frequently old elephants call other members of the family ‎64.The older a female elephant is,______.‎ A.the stronger she will be B.the poorer memory she will have C.the more useless her tusks will be D.the more likely she will be killed ‎65.We can infer from the passage that elephants may______.‎ A.run into other elephant families B.give wrong warnings to their mothers C.run away upon hearing a strange sound D.produce more babies by gathering together more often 答案 61.B               62.D                     63.B               64.D                     ‎ ‎65.A       ‎ 第59题(2003年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语北京卷)‎ ‎       If there is no difference in general intelligence（智力）between boys and girls,what can explain girls’ poor performance in science and mathematics? ‎ ‎       It seems to be that their treatment at school is a direct cause.Mathematics and science are seen as subjects mainly for boys,and therefore,as girls become teenagers,they are lesslikelyto take them.Interestingly,both boys and girls often regard the subjects for boys as more difficult.Yet it has been suggested that girls do not take mathematics courses,not because they are difficult,but for social reasons.Girls do not want to be in open competition with boys because they are afraid to appear less feminine（女性的）and attractive.‎ ‎       However,if we examine the performance of boys and girls who have taken mathematics courses,there are still more high-achievingboys than there are girls.This    difference appears to be world-wide.Biological explanations have been offered for this,but there are other explanations too.‎ ‎        Perhaps the difference which comes out during the teenage years has its roots in much earlier experiences.From their first days in kindergarten,boys are encouraged to work on their own and to complete tasks.Facts show that outstanding（杰出的）mathematicians and scientists have not had teachers who supplied answers.‎ ‎        Besides,there can be little doubt that teachers of mathematics and science expect their boy students to do better at these subjects than their girl students.They even appear to encourage the difference between boys and girls.They spend more time with the boy students,giving them more time to answer questions and working harder to get correct answers from them.They are more likely to call on boys foranswersand to allow them to take the lead in classroom discussion.They also praise boys more frequently.All of this seems to encourage boys to work harder in science and mathematics and to give them confidence（信心）that they are able to succeed.‎ ‎         Such a way of teaching is not likely to encourage girls to take many mathematics and science courses,nor is it likely to support girls who do.When it comes to these subjects it seems certain that school widens the difference between boys and girls.‎ ‎66.Girls are likely to think that______.‎ A.science courses are for both boys and girls B.science courses make them more popular C.science courses make them successful D.science courses are difficult for them ‎67.The text mainly discusses ______ reasons for the difference between boys and girls in scientificachievements.‎ A.biological               B.historical         C.social                           D.personal ‎68.What are boys usually encouraged to do at school?‎ A.To get help with their homework. B.To play the leading role in class.‎ C.To work with girl students in class.      D.To learn to take care of others.‎ ‎69.What does the passage say about great mathematicians?‎ A.Their teachers did not supply answers to them.‎ B.They started learning mathematics at an earlier age.‎ C.They showed mathematical abilities in their teenage years.‎ D.Their success resulted from their strong interest in mathematics.‎ ‎70.The author would probably agree that______.‎ A.boys and girls learn in the same way B.boys and girls are equal in general intelligence C.girls are more confident in themselves than before D.girls should take fewer science courses than boys 答案 66.D 67.C                     68.B               69.A                     70.B ‎ 第60题(2003年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语上海卷)‎ ‎       You are what you eat and fats are a main food for Asia's fastfood  generation.‎ Dr.Chwang，director of the Department of Food Nutrtion，says children are consuming more meat and soft drinks.That is a thorough departure from the traditional diet of vegetables and rice and little meat.“They like big pieces of fried meat with a soft drink.So although they may eat the same volume of food，their calorie intake（卡路里摄入量）has increased.Now about 40 to 45 percent of their calories come from fat.”saysChwang.         ‎ ‎        Although on the whole Asians tend towards thinness，culture—namely Asians' hospitality（好客）—is a reason for the fatness of today's generation，according to Chwang.“Asian  people love food.”she says.“Eating and drinking are important social and family functions.”In the past，however，big meals were only hosted on special occasions as people were more careful with money.In today's climate of wealth and remarkable consumption，10-course meals are no longer reserved for significant occasions.‎ ‎      More than anyone else，children are on the receiving end of their parents' improved circumstances.“In the past，people had four or more children—now，they have one or two，so they tend to spoil them，”says Chwang.“The easiest way is to give them ‘quality food’.Parents think feeding them well is showing their love.They feel bad when their children look thin.”‎ ‎      When describing the physical condition of most overweight.Asian children，Chwang says，“There is a clear relationship between fatness and indoor play.Children get fat because they don't move，and eventually，they don't want to move because they're fat.”‎ ‎      Thanks to technology，a growing army of children prefer video games to old outdoor sports.“What do children do when watching TV or sitting in front of the computer playing video games?They eat chocolate and drink Coke.”says Chwang.‎ ‎82.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?‎ A.Asian people tend to save more money.‎ B.Asian children depart from their diet tradition.‎ C.Asian children eat big meals on more occasions.‎ D.Culture contributes to the fatness of Asian children.‎ ‎83.According to this passage，the “quality food”fed by some parents is entirely          .‎ A.healthful food                                            B.qualified food C.agreeable food                                           D.high-calorie food ‎84.Some parents feel bad when their children look thin，because            .‎ A.their children don't love eating and drinking B.their children don't have a good physical condition C.they feel that they don't take good care of their children D.they feel that they are not wealthy enough to afford “quality food”‎ ‎85.The purpose of this article is to                .‎ A.compare the traditional diet with today's diet of Asian children B.find reasons for increased food consumption of Asian people C.explain why many Asian children are overweight nowadays D.prove the relationship between fatness and indoor play 答案 82.A　　　　　83.D　　　　　84.C 85.C 第61题(2003年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语上海卷)‎ ‎      Many experts complain that media too often take advantage of the science fiction aspects of nanotech（纳米技术）.Reports of nanotech often refer to K.Eric Drexler's book Engines of Creations，which predicts an age full of dominant molecular（分子的）manufacturing and a world without material scarcity.Whatever humans need will one day be built cheaply with microscopic self-replicating machines（微细自我复制机）that put atoms together to create copies of anything alive in the world—from trees to human bodies.‎ ‎      In fact，the scientific community is deeply divided over whether self-replicating machines are possible.If they are，major dangers could exist.Mr.Drexler himself thought that self-replicating machines could probably go out of control.He writes in his book that man-made “plants” with “leaves no more efficient than today's solar cells could win over real plants，crowding the earth with leaves that are not suitable to be eaten.Tough “bacteria”could be more competitive than the real bacteria:They could spread everywhere，replicate swiftly，and reduce the earth to dust in a matter of days.”‎ ‎      Critics of nanotech have made use of such images，calling for a delay on commercial nanotech until regulations are established.They also point to the possible military uses of nanotech.Bill Joy，the co-founder of Sun Microsystems，wrote in a Wired magazine essay in 2 000 that if nanotech falls into the wrong hands，it could bring dangers to society.‎ ‎      Opponents say Mr Joy is overreacting.“In a way，calling for bans on research into molecular manufacturing is like calling for a delay on faster-than-light travel because no one is doing it，”says Glenn Reynolds，a University of Tennessee law professor.‎ ‎       Professor Reynolds says it is a good idea to regulate nanotech，but in ways the government would regulate any products that could be dangerous.Export controls and certification systems for nanotech companies are examples.US lawmakers have put forth four bills on nanotech research and development.‎ ‎86.K.Eric Drexler in his book predicts a future world with sufficient material，because       .‎ A.man-made plants could replace real plants and grow more quickly B.plants produced by nanotech would be as efficient as today's solar cells C.man-made bacteria would be widespread and capable of self-replicating D.humans could create copies of anything alive with high technology ‎87.To call for a delay on commercial nanotech，critics of nanotech make use of           .‎ A.current social problems B.science fiction descriptions C.disagreements in the scientific community D.the fact that no one is doing molecular manufacturing ‎88.Opponents of Bill Joy would NOT agree to         .‎ A.control nanotech export B.ban nanotech research to avoid any possible dangers C.put forth bills on nanotech research and development D.establish a certification system for nanotech companies ‎89.Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?‎ A.Nanotech should not be put into wrong use in the miltary field.‎ B.The government should regulate products that could be dangerous.‎ C.Nanotech regulations should be established in spite of the divided opinions.‎ D.The media should not take advantage of the science fiction aspects of nanotech.‎ 答案 86.D　　　　　87.B　　　　　88.B　　　　　89.B 第62题(2003年普通高等学校春季招生考试英语上海卷)‎ ‎     Scientists have identified a gene（基因）that plays a role in violence in men ill-treated in childhood.The discovery could explain why some survive unhappy childhoods and go on to normal lives，while others turn to violence，crime or antisocial behaviour.But it will also restart the argument about the influence of nature and nurture（后天培养的）in criminal behaviour. ‎ ‎     Terrie Moffitt and Avshalom Caspi report in Science today that one common form of a gene in the brain makes men more likely to be violent—but only if they have experienced cruelty or rejection in childhood.The researchers followed up the life histories of 442 boys born in New Zealand in 1972.Of these，154 had been ill-treated in the first 10 years，33 of them severely.They had either experienced sexual attack，beatings or rejection by mother or stepparents.Of the 154 children，55 had a less active variant（变异体）of a gene called MAOA，which controlled the balance of neurotransmitters（神经传递素） in the brain，and 99 had the more active variant.The 55 boys were more than twice as likely to have been involved in criminal behaviour than the other ill-treated group.They made up 12% of the total，but were responsible for 44% of all crimes committed among the 442 boys.‎ ‎     Prof Moffin stressed a“violence”gene had not been discovered.Boys with the less active form who were not ill-trcaied during childhood lived perfectly normal lives.“It is very common in the population.One third of us have it，” she said.“So the gene apparently doesn’t do much of anything，it doesn’t cause an obstacle in any way，unless we are also ill-treated.”‎ ‎      The gene might also indicate the ability to endure mental stress.The military or the police might examine applicants to see if they have the more active form.But the discovery also raises the view of biology as fate，and the argument that people with the less active form of the gene could be social risks，to be treated with drugs.“This research can easily play into the tendency to fix social problems through medical treatment，” said David King of the UK Gene Alert Group.‎ ‎82.According to the passage，the less active variant of the gene          .‎ ‎ A.will totally determine men’s personality and behaviour ‎ B.always leads to trouble-making feature ‎ ‎ C.might be responsible for boys’criminal behaviour ‎ D.plays no significant role in children’s development ‎83.We can learn from the passage that those man who have stronger ability to endure mental stress usually          .‎ ‎ A.have the more active variant of me gene ‎ B.have the less active variant of the gene ‎ C.had ill-treated childhood ‎ D.had no ill-treated childhood ‎84.According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?‎ ‎ A.One third of the population carry the less active variant.‎ ‎ B.Boys with the less active variant will not live normal lives.‎ ‎ C.Some people disagree with the concept of“violence”gene.‎ ‎ D.The less active variant and ill-treated experience contribute to violence.‎ ‎85.David King’s comment in Ac last paragraph implies that           .‎ ‎ A.he agrees with the research findings of the gene MAOA ‎ ‎ B.he criticizes strongly the possible role of the less active variant ‎ ‎ C.he considers that the research is of no great importance ‎ D.he thinks the findings oversimplify the solution to social problems 答案 82.C　83.A　84.B　85.D ‎ 第63题(2002年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语全国卷)‎ ‎      In 1901, H. G.  Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers (探险者) landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met. In turn, the “moon people” expressed their surprise. “Why,” they asked, “are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space?” ‎ ‎     H. G.  Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it. ‎ ‎     Underground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The“Chunnel”，a tunnel (隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete. ‎ ‎      But what about underground cities? Japan’s Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems, called“Alice‎ ‎Cities. ” The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome (太阳能穹顶) would cover the whole city. ‎ ‎      Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H. G.  Wells’“moon people” would agree. Would you?‎ ‎56. The explorers in H. G.  Wells’ story were surprised to find that the“moon people” _______. ‎ A. knew so much about the earth B. understood their language C. lived in so many underground cities D. were ahead of them in space technology ‎57. What does the underlined word“it”(paragraph 2) refer to?‎ A. Discovering the moon’s inner space. ‎ B. Using the earth’s inner space. ‎ C. Meeting the“moon people”again. ‎ D. Traveling to outer space. ‎ ‎58. What sort of underground systems are already here with us?‎ A. Offices, shopping areas, power stations. ‎ B. Tunnels, car parks, shopping areas. ‎ C. Gardens, car parks, power stations. ‎ D. Tunnels, gardens, offices. ‎ ‎59. What would be the best title for the text?‎ A. Alice‎ ‎Cities—cities of the future B. Space travel with H. G. Wells C. Enjoy living underground D. Building down, not up 答案 56. C 57. B              58. B              59. D ‎ 第64题(2002年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语上海卷)‎ ‎      Wedding took place in a Birmingham hotel. The bride and her father arrived in a new black American sports car. Her father looked nervous and uncomfortable in front of the cameras. The bride wore a silk wedding dress. She smiled nervously at the waiting photographers and went to a room on the first floor where she met her future husband for the very first time. ‎ ‎     Carla Germaine and Greg Cordell were the winners of a radio station’s competition. The aim of the competition was to find two strangers prepared to marry without having met each other. Miss Germaine，23，is a model. Mr. Cordell，27，is a TV salesman. They were among the two hundred people who entered for a peculiar“experiment”organized by BMRB radio in Birmingham，England. Greg and Carla were among eight finalists who were interviewed live on radio. They took a lie detector（测谎仪）‎ test and the station also spoke to their friends and family about their personalities. The competition judges included an astrologer（占星家）who declared that they were suited. ‎ ‎     The couple celebrated their wedding with a wedding breakfast and a party for 100 guests in the evening，but not everyone shared their joy. Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted. ‎ ‎      Organizations，including the marriage guidance service Relate，have criticized the marriage. As one person put it，“We have enough problems getting young people to take marriage seriously without this. Marriage should always be about love. ”‎ ‎      The couple are now on a Caribbean honeymoon followed by journalists. ‎ ‎      Their other prizes include a year’s free use of a wonderful apartment in the centre of Birmingham，and a car. But will it last?‎ ‎71. How did the couple’s parents react to the wedding?‎ A. The bride’s mother shared their joy. ‎ B. The bride’s father felt uncomfortable about the wedding. ‎ C. The bridegroom’s parents were quite delighted. ‎ D. The bridegroom’s parents were not that joyful. ‎ ‎72. Some experts believe that ______. ‎ A. marriage without the couple’s meeting each other first ends up in divorce B. young people nowadays are too careless about marriage C. taking a lie detector test can not solve all the marriage problems D. most young people take marriage seriously except this couple ‎73. One of the prizes for the couple is ______. ‎ A. to spend their honeymoon wherever they like B. to use an apartment free for some time C. to have a wedding dress free D. to own an American sports car ‎74. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?‎ A. Two Strangers and a Wedding      ‎ B. A Wedding Based on Love C. A Short-Lived Marriage D. A Well-Matched Couple 答案 71. D       72. B       73. B       74. A ‎ 第65题(2002年普通高等学校春季招生考试英语上海卷)‎ ‎     Imagine that the genome（基因组）is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs，words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book，which makes it longer than 5 000 volumes the size of this book. or as long as 800 Bibles. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day，it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome，one letter per millimeter，my text would be as long as the River Danube. This is an enormous document，a huge volume，a cook book of great length，and it all fits inside the extremely small nucleus（核）of a tiny cell that fits easily upon the head of a pin. ‎ ‎    The idea of the genome as a book is not，strictly speaking，even a metaphor（比喻）. It is true to a great extent. A book is a piece of digital information，written in one-directional form and defined by a ‎ code that translates a small alphabet of signs into a large dictionary of meanings through the order of their groupings. So is a genome. The only complication is that all English books read from left to right while some parts of the genome read from left to right，and some from right to left，though never both at the same time. ‎ ‎     While English books are written in words of different lengths using twenty-six letters，genomes are written entirely in three-letter words，using only four letters. And instead of being written on flat pages，they are written on long chains of DNA molecules（分子）.   The genome is a very clever book，because in the right conditions it can both photocopy itself and read itself. ‎ ‎82. How do human genomes read according to the passage？‎ A. Only from left to right. ‎ B. Only from right to left. ‎ C. From both directions at the same time. ‎ D. From one direction at a time. ‎ ‎83. We can learn from the passage that the human genome　　　. ‎ A. is as long as the River Danube B. can be easily placed on the head of a pin C. is coded with an alphabet of four letters D. is smart enough to read and take photos of itself ‎84. It can be concluded that the passage is mainly written for　　　. ‎ A. specialists in the field B. general readers C. natural scientists D. readers with academic background ‎85. The real purpose of the author’s comparison of the genome to a book is　　　. ‎ A. to focus on the differences between the two B. to lay emphasis on the similarities between the two C. to simplify the concept of the human genome D. to give an exact description of the human genome 答案 82. D　83. C　84. B　85. C ‎ 第66题(2002年普通高等学校春季招生考试英语京皖蒙卷)‎ ‎     There are three separate sources  of danger in supplying energy by nuclear power（原子能）. ‎ ‎     First，the radioactive material must travel from its place of production to the power station. Although the power stations themselves are strongly built，the containers used for the transport of the materials are not. Normally，only two methods of transport are in use，namely road or rail. Unfortunately，both of these may have an effect on the general public，since they are sure to pass near，or even though，heavily populated areas. ‎ ‎      Second，there is the problem of waste. All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most cases will remain radioactive for thousands of years. It is impossible to make these wastes nonradioactive，and so they must be stored in one of the inconvenient ways that scientists have invented. For example，they may be buried under the ground，or dropped into deserted mines，or sunk in the sea. However，these methods do not solve the problem，since an earthquake could easily break the containers. ‎ ‎      Third，there may occur the danger of a leak（泄漏）or an explosion at the power station. As with the other two dangers，this is not very likely，so it does not provide a serious objection to the nuclear program. However，it can happen. ‎ ‎       Separately，these three types of dangers are not a great cause for worry. Taken together，though，the probability of disaster（灾难）is extremely high. ‎ ‎61. Which of the following is FALSE？‎ A. It is possible that a leak or an explosion occurs at a power station. ‎ B. It is unusual for radioactive materials to be transported across land. ‎ C. The containers are likely to be broken by an earthquake. ‎ D. Nuclear wastes remain dangerous in most cases for many years. ‎ ‎62. The author thinks that the ways to store nuclear wastes are　　　. ‎ A. easy                     B. impossible                    C. reasonable             D. ineffective ‎63. What do we learn from the last paragraph？‎ A. The power station is a safe place. ‎ B. The dangers of nuclear energy can be prevented. ‎ C. The general public are strongly against the nuclear program. ‎ D. By itself，none of the three dangers is very likely to cause much worry. ‎ ‎64. What is this passage about？‎ A. Uses of nuclear power. ‎ B. Dangers from nuclear power. ‎ C. Public anger at nuclear power. ‎ D. Accidents caused by nuclear power. ‎ 答案 61. B　62. D　63. D　64. B ‎ 第67题(2002年普通高等学校春季招生考试英语京皖蒙卷)‎ ‎      Louis Pasteur，the famous French chemist and bacteriologist，invented“pasteurization”. In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille，and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major centre for wine and beer-making，and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. At that time，it was believed that food and drinks go “had”due to a purely chemical process（变化过程）. But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms（微生物）caused food and drinks to go bad. In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts（酵母） that caused the fermentation （发酵）process.  Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine，with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air，and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers. ‎ ‎      The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named “pasteurization”in his honour，and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows’ milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea（婴儿腹泻）and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. This simple process has saved thousands，possibly millions，of lives worldwide. ‎ ‎68. Pasteur became　　　 in 1854. ‎ A. the chairperson of the science department at the ‎University‎ of ‎Lille B. the director of a chemical laboratory at the ‎University‎ of ‎Lille C. the general manager of a large beer-making company D. the president of the ‎University‎ of ‎Lille ‎69. According to the passage. Lille was a major centre for　　　 in the mid-19th century. ‎ A. growing grain crops B. making beer and wine C. doing chemical research D. producing various kinds of yeasts ‎70. In the last sentence of paragraph 1，the underlined word“they”refers to　　　. ‎ A. wine and beer                                                  ‎ B. food and drinks C. the various yeasts                                            ‎ D. other organisms ‎71. We can infer from the passage that Pasteur’s discovery　　　. ‎ A. is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food products B. did not bring much profit to the wine makers in ‎Lille C. has done a lot of good to childcare in the world D. has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world 答案 68. A　69. B　70. B　71. C ‎ 第68题(2001年普通高等学校春季招生考试英语京皖蒙卷)‎ ‎     You are what you eat. This saying has provided scientists with clues（线索）about the diet of hominids—our early relatives of 3 million years ago. ‎ ‎     Studying carbon atoms（碳原子）locked up in tooth enamel（珐琅质）,two researchers argue against the widely held belief that hominids ate little more than fruits and leaves. Sponheimer and Julia Lee-Thorp of the University of Cape Town, South Africa, report their findings in Friday’s Science.‎ ‎     There aren’t many clues for us to know the life of early hominids. The shape of hominids’ teeth offered the first clues. Large and flat-edged with thick enamel, they looked perfect for eating nuts and fruits, different from the sharp teeth one would want to tear into meat with. The first stone tools. Which would help in eating meat, didn’t appear until about half a million years later.‎ ‎     Scientists have also found marks on hominids’ teeth with patterns very similar to those on the teeth of modern-day fruit eaters. Sponheimer and Lee-Thorp tried a new method, looking at the chemical composition of the tooth enamel. They studied the enamel for the carbon-13. Animals that eat grasses have higher carbon-13 levels than those eating fruits and other plants.‎ ‎     What they found was that the teeth of the hominids had an in-between amount of carbon-13, which meant not only they were eating fruits, they were eating a lot of grasses, or animals eating grasses. The lower carbon-13 levels could also come from eating certain types of insects（昆虫）。‎ ‎     But there are people who understand differently. Prof. Ungar of the University‎ of ‎Arkansas agrees the study offers new suggestions of hominid diet, but disagrees about the suggestion that meat could explain the lower carbon-13 levels.‎ One suggestion might be true though— take good care of your teeth. In 3 million years, a scientist might be using them to figure out what you ate for dinner.‎ ‎64．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Protect Your Teeth   ‎ B．What the Hominid Ate C．Where the Hominid lived   ‎ D．The Formation of Tooth Enamel ‎65．Before the two scientists’ findings, most people thought that hominids______‎ A．lived half a million years ago B．ate mainly fruits and leaves C．used tools to dig grass D．had sharp teeth ‎66．The two scientists’findings were mainly based on the study about__________‎ A．the shape of hominids’ teeth B．the teeth marks of early fruit eaters C．the grasses of 3 million years ago D．the make-up of the tooth enamel ‎67．What is it that Prof. Ungar finds doubtful?‎ A．Hominids possibly ate grass-eating animals.‎ B．Hominids probably had different diets C．Hominids were basically fruit-and grass-eaters.‎ D．Hominids had lower level of carbon-13 in their teeth.‎ 答案 64．B 65．B  66．D  67．A ‎ 第69题(2000年普通高等学校春季招生考试英语京皖卷)‎ ‎                                                Fish Ears Tell Fish Tales ‎ ‎　    Fish have ears. Really. They're quite small and have no opening to the outside world carrying sound through the body. For the past seven years, Simon Thorrold, a university professor, has been examining fish ears, small round ear bones called otoliths. ‎ ‎　    As fish grow, so do their otoliths. Each day, their otoliths gain a ring of calcium carbonate(碳酸钙).By looking through a microscope(显微镜)and counting these rings, Thorrold can determine the exact age of a young fish. As a fish gets older, its otoliths no longer get daily rings. Instead, they get yearly rings, which can also be counted, giving information about the fish's age, just like the growth rings of a tree. ‎ ‎　   Ring counting is nothing new to fish scientists. But Thorrold has turned to a new direction. They're examining the chemical elements(元素)of each otolith ring. ‎ ‎　   The daily ring gives us the time, but chemistry tells us about the environment in which the fish swam on any given day. These elements tell us about the chemistry of the water that the fish was in. It also says something about water temperature, which determines how much of these elements will gather within each otolith ring.‎ ‎　   Thorrold can tell, for example, if a fish spent time in the open ocean before entering the less salty water of coastal areas. He can basically tell where fish are spending their time at any given stage of history.‎ ‎　    In the case of the Atlantic croaker, a popular saltwater food fish, Thorrold and his assistant have successfully followed the travelling of young fish from mid-ocean to the coast, a journey of many hundreds of miles.‎ ‎　   This is important to managers in the fish industry, who know nearly nothing about the whereabouts of the young fish for most food fish in the ocean. Eager to learn about his technology, fish scientists are now lending Thorrold their ears. ‎ ‎63. What can we learn about fish ears from the text? ‎ ‎　A. They are small soft rings.‎ ‎　B. They are not seen from the outside. ‎ ‎　C. They are openings only on food fish. ‎ ‎　D. They are not used to receive sound. ‎ ‎64. Why does the writer compare the fish to trees?‎ ‎　A. Trees gain a growth ring each day. ‎ ‎　B. Trees also have otoliths. ‎ ‎　C. Their growth rings are very small. ‎ ‎　D. They both have growth rings.‎ ‎65. Why is it important to study the chemistry of otolith rings? ‎ ‎　A. The elements of the otoliths can tell the history of the sea.‎ ‎　B. Chemical contents of otoliths can tell how fast fish can swim. ‎ ‎　C. We can know more about fish and their living environment. ‎ ‎　D. Scientists can know exactly how old a fish is. ‎ ‎66. How would you understand “fish scientists are now lending their ears”? ‎ ‎　A. They are very interested in Thorrold's research findings. ‎ ‎　B. They want to know where they can find fish. ‎ ‎　C. They lend their fish for chemical studies. ‎ ‎　D. They wonder if Thorrold can find growth rings from their ears.　‎ 答案 63. B 64. D 　　　65. C 　66. A ‎ 第70题(1998年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语上海卷)‎ ‎      There are warm tropical regions all over the globe, but only the Indians of the South American rain forests have formed the habit of sleeping in the open air. Long before they made painful acquaintance (相识) with Europeans, they had invented something that was unique on earth: the hammock. ‎ ‎     Nobody really knows who first had the bright idea of making sleeping in the air the symbol of untroubled rest. The Indians see the hammock as a “gift of heaven (上天)”, something given to them a very long time ago.‎ ‎      In it the Indians pass away hot noon hours, napping or chatting. Swinging it to and fro (来回摆动) creates a cooling breath of air and keeps away insects. They work and play in hammocks, are born and die there.‎ ‎     Hung like a suspension bridge between heaven and earth, a hammock is dry while the soil is damp and is safe from most wild animals.‎ ‎      Hammocks have the advantage over beds in that they are easy to transport and take up very little space when they have been rolled up(卷起) . Indians never go on a journey without their hammocks, not even to their plantations.‎ ‎76.The word hammock in this passage means _______.‎ A. a suspension cage which can be swung to and fro in the air B. a seat hanging by two ropes from the branch of a tree C. a suspension bridge in the South American rain forests.‎ D. a net hung between two supports and used as a bed.‎ ‎77. When was the hammock invented and by whom?‎ A. The Indians had invented the hammock long before they came to South America.‎ B. The Indians had invented the hammock long before the Europeans came to South America.‎ C. The Europeans invented the hammock after they made acquaintance with the Indians.‎ D. The Europeans had invented the hammock before they went to South America.‎ ‎78. Indians swing the hammock to_______.‎ A. pray to heaven for a gift       B. keep away flies, mosquitoes and other insects C. keep away wild animals        D. all asleep quickly ‎79. According to the passage, hammocks _______.‎ A. cannot be rolled up                B. are difficult to transport C. are never brought to the plantations   D. can be kept dry while the ground is wet ‎80. The passage is about _______.‎ A. the Indian way of living                      B. tropical regions C. Indians' gift for the Europeans           D. a portable bed 答案 ‎ ‎76.答案：D。‎ 解析：这是一道归纳题。可以从文中第三、四、五段中找出hammock的特点。故答案为D。‎ ‎77.答案：B。‎ 解析：这是一道细节题。第一段中最后一句话Long before they made painful acquaintance (相识) with Europeans, they had invented something that was unique on earth: the hammock.可知选项B是最佳答案。‎ ‎78.答案：B。‎ 解析：这是一道细节题。第三段中：Swinging it to and fro (来回摆动) creates a cooling breath of air and keeps away insects. 点明了该题的答案。‎ ‎79.答案：D。‎ 解析：这是一道细节题。最后一段的意思排除了选项A、B、C。只有选项D是正确答案。‎ ‎80.答案：D。‎ 解析：这是一道主旨题。这篇文章主要讲述了印地安人的Hammock的故事。讲了它的用处及好处。故答案为D。 ‎ 第71题(年普通高等学校春季招生考试英语（上海卷）)‎ Directions:  Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. ‎ ‎    A. Ways to beautify eyes ‎    B. Proper use of eye contact ‎    C. Techniques of sending eye signals ‎    D. Colours of people’s eyes ‎    E. Functions of different parts of the eye ‎    F. Variety of messages conveyed through eyes ‎80. ‎ ‎    The coloured part of the eye is called the iris. There are three basic eye colours-brown, blue and green. A few albino people have red or pink eyes, but these are very rare. Many people believe that blue eyes are more delicate than brown eyes. In fact they are just as tough as brown eyes, although they. are more sensitive to light.‎ ‎81. ‎ ‎    We only see part of the eyeball, although the whole eye is as big as a table tennis ball. Light enters the eye through the pupil and passes through the lens. The lens focuses the light onto the retina at the back of the eye. The retina sends the signal to the brain along the optic nerve. The image on the retina is actually upside-down, but the brain corrects it. As we get older our eyesight becomes worse. This happens because the lens isn’t as flexible as when we are young and the eye muscles are weaker.‎ ‎82. ‎ ‎    Our eyes are the most important of our five senses. We receive 80% of our information about the world through our eyes. We also send signals to other people with our eyes. Some eye signals are unconscious. When we look at something nice, our pupils get bigger. But when we don’t like something, they become smaller. We cry when we are unhappy and sometimes when we are very happy. But we can also control some eye signals. For example, we can wink at someone or raise an eyebrow. Sunglasses make someone appear mysterious or dangerous, because they hide that eyes and so we can’t see the signals.‎ ‎83. ‎ ‎    We find large eyes more attractive. Children have large eyes in proportion to their heads. Cartoon characters always have large eyes, too. We can’t actually change our eyes, but we can make them look bigger with make-up. Eye make-up isn’t new. Pictures in the Pyramids show that the ancient Egyptians both men and women-used it. False eyelashes can make eyelashes longer. Eye shadow on the eyelids can make the eyes look bigger and more dramatic.Glasses can also make eyes look bigger.‎ ‎84. ‎ ‎    We do not normally look into someone’s eyes for long, especially when they are very close. Eye contact can be very threatening, so people only do it when they want to threaten someone. It is also very intimate. This is why lovers gaze into each other’s eyes. It’s also why people don’t look at each other in lifts.‎ 答案 80—84：DEFAB ‎