2019高考英语高频词汇必背及训练3 9页

‎2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练3‎ ‎1.peacefully adv.安静地，和平地 He died peacefully without any pain.‎ 他安静地离开了人世，没有一点痛苦。‎ He was back in her arms and she could once again sleep peacefully.他回到了她的怀里，她又能睡得安稳了。[剑桥高阶]‎ All the people in the world want to live peacefully.‎ 全世界的人们都想过平安宁静的生活。‎ ‎(1)peace n．　　　　　　　 和平，安详，平静 in peace(＝peacefully) 安心地，平安地，安静地 make peace with... 与……讲和 at peace 处于和平状态，和睦地(与at war相反)‎ The two countries are now at peace after a 10year war.‎ 十年的战争之后，这两个国家目前处于和平状态。‎ ‎(2)peaceful adj. 安静的，和平的，宁静的 a peaceful place/evening 宁静的地方/夜晚 品句填词：‎ ‎(1)The war was a great danger to world p________.‎ ‎(2)I decided that I would go and make p________ with her.‎ ‎(3)We want to settle the problem by p________ means.‎ ‎(4)I want my children to be brought up in a p________ world.‎ ‎(5)We want the problem to be settled p________.‎ ‎2.deal v．处理，应付 n. ①量，数量 ②交易 完成句子/单项选择 ‎①这学期开始我们将有许多难题要解决。‎ At the beginning of this term, we'll have many difficulties __________________________. ‎ ‎②他在大会上做了一次演讲，谈民间音乐。‎ He made a speech in the university, _______________. ‎ ‎③他很难打交道。‎ He is ____________________________. ‎ ‎④We all know that, ________， the situation will get worse.‎ A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with ‎⑤我们不知道怎样处理这些废料。‎ We don't know ________ to do with the waste materials.‎ ‎＝We don't know ________ to deal with the waste materials. ‎ ‎⑥对付小偷最好的办法是什么？‎ What's the best way of ____________________ thieves?‎ ‎⑦雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。‎ ‎_________________________ sand were washed down the hillside by the rain. ‎ ‎⑧每年在烟草上花去大量的钱。‎ ‎____________ money is spent on tobacco every year.‎ ‎⑨[改错] Many a boy learn to swim before he can read.___________________________‎ ‎⑩— Can you give an example to show how useful a puter is?‎ ‎ — Sure. ________ people get ________ information from it every day.‎ A. A large number of; plenty of B. The number of; a lot of C. Lots of; a lot D. Many a; a great deal of ‎3.explore vt.‎ ‎(1)探测(未知的地方)‎ We explored the newly discovered island.‎ 我们探测了新发现的岛屿。‎ ‎(2)探究(问题、可能性等)‎ The economists explored all the possible ways to check the inflation.经济学家研究可能遏止通货膨胀的方法。‎ More and more countries are ________ mines under the sea.‎ A．expecting B．except C．exploring D．explaining ‎4.flight n．飞行；航班 It's an hour's flight to Paris from here.‎ 从这里坐飞机到巴黎要一个小时。‎ All flights to New York today are delayed because of bad weather.因天气不好，今天飞往纽约的所有航班都延误了。‎ After the longdistance ________，I felt very tired.‎ A．fly B．flew C．flight D．flow ‎5.character n.‎ ‎(1)品德，性格(不可数名词)‎ He is a man of strong character.他是一个个性很强的人。‎ ‎(2)人物，角色(可数名词)‎ I find all the characters in his new play amusing and interesting.我发现他新剧中的人物都很风趣、逗人。‎ ‎(3)汉字，字体(可数)‎ The characters look like pictures.‎ 汉字看起来像是一幅幅小图画。‎ ‎(4)特点，特征 The two problems are quite different in character.‎ 这两个问题的性质完全不同。‎ 考点提示：‎ in character　　　　　　 合乎个性 out of character 与个性不符 in character with... 与……风格相同 ‎(1)He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his __________ was seen at its best when he worked with others.‎ A．temper B．appearance C．talent D．character ‎(2)The King is a man of good and noble ________.‎ A．character B．quality C．power D．source ‎(3)They are twins but they have quite different ________.‎ A．mon B．value C．reward D．character ‎6.calm ‎(1)n.(人)镇静；安静；(海，天气等)风平浪静，宁静 After the earthquake，there was only a dead calm.‎ 地震后是死一般的寂静。‎ His sick mother was taken good care of by the nurses and this brought calm to his mind.‎ 护士把母亲照顾得很好，这使他的心稍稍安定。‎ ‎(2)adj.(海洋，天气等)安静的，无风浪的；(人)平静的 The sea was calm at the beginning of our voyage.‎ 我们出海时，海上风平浪静。‎ He was calm when I told him the bad news.‎ 当我告诉他这个坏消息时，他很平静。‎ Now keep calm everyone；the police are on their way.‎ 现在请大家保持安静，警察就要来了。[剑桥高阶]‎ ‎(3)vi.平静下来，镇静(常用calm down)vt.使平静，平息 It was difficult to calm(down)the football fans.‎ 要使足球迷们平静下来是很困难的。‎ 考点提示：‎ calm/peaceful/quiet/still辨析 四个词作形容词时都含“平静的”意思。‎ ‎(1)calm主要用于气候、海洋“风平浪静的”，也可指人表示“安静的”，“镇静的”。‎ The sky is blue，and the sea is calm.‎ 天空碧蓝，海上风平浪静。‎ Although she was frightened，she answered with a calm voice.虽然她害怕，但还是用平静的声音回答。‎ ‎(2)peaceful指“和平的”，表示“没有骚扰和战争的”。‎ a peaceful environment和平环境 ‎(3)quiet指“没有吵闹声的，没有声音的”，它强调“声音很低，很小”或“全然无声”。‎ He had a quiet life.他过着宁静的生活。‎ ‎(4)still指“没声音的，静止的”。‎ Stand still.I'll take a picture of you.‎ 站着别动，我给你拍张照片。‎ ‎(1)Let's go and ________ your angry brother down.‎ A．still B．calm C．quiet D．peaceful ‎(2)Ask the children to keep ________；it's too noisy.‎ A．quiet B．still C．separate D．quite ‎7.debate v．辩论，争论，讨论 n．辩论，讨论 完成句子 ‎①学生们和老师正在辩论什么？‎ What ___________________________ the teacher? ‎ ‎②针对水价上升问题展开了激烈的争论。‎ There is ___________________________ the prices of water problems. ‎ ‎8.declare v. ①宣布，宣告 ②断言，声称 完成句子 ‎①他们宣布他为获胜者。‎ They declared that ____________________________.‎ ‎＝They declared ____________________________.‎ ‎②他们声明赞成我们的建议。‎ They declared ________ our proposal. ‎ ‎9.defeat v. ①击败，战胜[同beat; 反win] ②使失败，挫败，难倒 n．失败[同failure]‎ 完成句子/英译汉 ‎①我们以2比1击败了他们。‎ We ___________________________ 2∶1.‎ ‎②这次考试完全把我难倒了。‎ The exam pletely ___________________________. ‎ ‎③Our team suffered another defeat. ‎ ‎_____________________________________________‎ 判断下列句子正误，并将错句更正 ‎④我们以10分的优势胜了他们队。‎ We beat their team by ten points.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎⑤我们队赢了他们队。‎ We won their team.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎10.deserve v．应受，应得，值得 完成句子 ‎①这个问题值得考虑。‎ The question deserves consideration.‎ ‎＝ The question deserves ________________________.‎ ‎＝ The question deserves ________________________.‎ ‎②我们应该获胜。‎ We deserve ___________________________. ‎ 答案:1.(1)peace　(2)peace　(3)peaceful　(4)peaceful　(5)peacefully ‎2.①to deal with　②dealing with folk music　③hard/difficult to deal with ‎④B　本题考查省略句和非谓语动词的否定。B项等于if it is not carefully dealt with。‎ ‎⑤what; how　 ⑥dealing with ⑦Great quantities of ‎⑧A large amount of/A great deal of/A large sum of ⑨把learn改为learns。‎ ‎⑩A　people为集合名词，形单意复，用a large number of或lots of修饰均可；information为不可数名词，用plenty of，a lot of或a great deal of修饰均可。‎ ‎3.C　[句意：越来越多的国家正在探测海底矿藏。expect期望；except除……之外；explore探测；explain解释。]‎ ‎4.C　[句意：在长途飞行之后，我感到非常累。这里需要名词，且意思是飞行。所以选flight。]‎ ‎5.(1)D　(2)A　(3)D ‎6.(1)B　[句意：让我们去使你那生气的哥哥平静下来吧。这里需要动词且也只有calm符合题意。]‎ ‎(2)A　[句意：去叫孩子们保持安静，太吵了。quiet安静的；still静止不动；separate分离的；quite非常。]‎ ‎7.①are the students debating (about) with　 ②a warm debate about ‎8.①he was the winner; him (to be) the winner　②for ‎9.①defeated them by　 ②defeated me ③我们队再次被击败。‎ ‎④√ ⑤won改为beat或defeated。‎ ‎10.①considering; to be considered　 ②to win ‎2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练4‎ ‎1.traditional adj.传统的，惯例的 In traditional Chinese culture，marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.‎ 在传统的中国文化中，父母常常为儿女操办婚姻。‎ 考点提示：‎ tradition n．　　　　　　　　 传统，常规，惯例 follow/keep up the tradition 遵循传统 break the tradition 打破传统 according to tradition 据传统 There's a ________ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.‎ A． tradition B．balance C．concern D．Relationship 完成句子：‎ ‎(1)The MidAutumn Day is a ________(传统的)festival of China.‎ ‎(2)“When in Rome，do as the Romans do”means we should follow the________(传统，惯例)of a country.‎ ‎2.include vt.‎ ‎(1)包含，包括 Your responsibilities will include making appointments on my behalf.你的职责包括替我安排预约。[剑桥高阶]‎ The price includes postage charges.‎ 这个价钱包含邮资。‎ ‎(2)把……列在里面，算入，计入 include...in/on/among...‎ He includes me among his friends.他把我当作朋友。‎ I include eggs on the list of things to buy.‎ 我把鸡蛋列入购物单中。‎ 考点提示：‎ ‎(1)including(介词)包含、包括(置于名词前)‎ Seven people died in the accident，including a baby.‎ 七人在事故中丧生，包括一个婴儿。‎ ‎(2)included adj.(置于名词之后)‎ Many people went to the party，me included(＝including me)．许多人参加了聚会，包括我在内。‎ contain/include辨析 ‎(1)contain指作为组成部分而被“含有”或“容纳”在内，是内容物的包括。‎ ‎(2)include指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，是范围的包括。‎ ‎(1)This atlas(地图册)________40 maps，________3 of the Great Britain.‎ A．contains；including B．includes；containing C．contains；containing D．includes；including ‎(2)At least twenty people were injured in the car accident，three children________.‎ A．contained B．including C．were included D．included ‎3.celebrate vt.‎&vi.庆祝 How do people celebrate New Year in your country?‎ 你们国家的人怎样庆祝新年？‎ 考点提示：‎ celebration n．　　　　　　 　　 　庆祝；典礼；庆祝会 celebrate Christmas/one's birthday 庆祝圣诞节/某人的生日 have/hold a celebration 举行一个庆祝会 in celebration of... 为了庆祝……‎ congratulate sb on sth /doing sth 祝贺某人某事/做某事 congratulations to sb on sth /doing sth ‎ ‎ 祝贺某人某事/做某事 congratulate/celebrate辨析 ‎(1)congratulate的意思是“祝贺”，其宾语必须是人，使用congratulate sb on sth 结构；也常用其复数形式congratulations。‎ ‎(2)celebrate的宾语是物，如节日、结婚纪念日、生日等令人欢乐的事情或日子。‎ 用congratulate，celebrate填空 ‎(1)We held a party in________of this victory.‎ ‎(2)I offered my________on his success.‎ ‎(3)We held a________to________his birthday.‎ ‎(4)In the________，we________him on his promotion.‎ ‎4.darkness n．黑暗 I can see nothing in the darkness.在黑暗中我什么也看不见。‎ The city centre was plunged into darkness by the power cut.市中心因停电变得一片漆黑。‎ darkness/dark辨析 darkness与dark没有绝对的区别。但darkness常指一时的黑暗；dark表示经常或长时间的黑暗，用时须加the，另外它与介词at，before，after连用表示“黄昏”“傍晚”。‎ keep sth in the dark　　　　 暗中做某事 keep sth dark 对某事保密 keep sb in the dark 对某人保密 用dark的有关短语填空 ‎(1)They all knew the truth.Only I was ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎(2)It's wrong for them to keep it ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎5.destroy v．破坏，毁坏 The building was pletely destroyed by fire.‎ 这个建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了。‎ All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal.‎ 他回信拒绝，我的希望完全破灭。‎ They have destroyed all the evidence.‎ 他们销毁了一切证据。‎ 考点提示：‎ destruction n．　　　　 破坏，摧毁 destructive adj. 造成毁灭或严重破坏的 destroy/damage/harm辨析 ‎(1)destroy常指毁灭性的破坏。‎ ‎(2)damage可指不同程度的损害、破坏。‎ ‎(3)harm一般指身心、健康、名声的损害。‎ ‎(1)The noises not only make it difficult to sleep，but they are ________ damage to our houses and shops.‎ A．doing B．making C．putting D．raising ‎(2)The heavy rain________the hope of a picnic.‎ A．damaged B．destroyed C．harmed D．hurt ‎(3)He was lucky enough to escape being killed in the accident，but his car was pletely________.‎ A．damaged B．struck C．failed D．destroyed ‎6.serve ‎(1)vt.为……服务，效力 We should serve the people heart and soul.‎ 我们应该全心全意为人民服务。‎ ‎(2)vt.接待，招呼(顾客等)‎ The shop assistant is serving a customer.‎ 商店服务员正在接待一位顾客。‎ First e，first served.先来者先被接待。(先来后到)‎ ‎(3)vt.端上(饭菜)，供应饮食 serve sb with sth 拿……来招待某人；供应……‎ The waiter served us with wine.服务生给我们倒酒。‎ ‎(4)vt.‎&vt.服刑，服役，担任职务 The soldier has served in the army for 3 years.‎ 那个士兵已服3年兵役。‎ The man served a long sentence in prison for his crime.‎ 那个人为他犯的罪要长期服刑。‎ ‎(5)serve as 担任(某职务)，充任；权当，当……用 He served two terms as president.他担任过两届总统。‎ When they slept in the open，dry leaves served as blanket.‎ 当他们在野外睡觉时，干树叶就当毛毯用。‎ 翻译句子:‎ ‎(1)他服侍主人多年。‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎(2)他拿出水果来招待我们。‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎7.swallow ‎(1)vt.‎& vi.吞；咽 He had a sore throat and found it difficult to swallow.‎ 他嗓子疼，觉得咽东西困难。‎ ‎(2)vt.吞没；吞噬 The waves swallowed up the boat.浪涛吞噬船只。‎ ‎(3)n.吞；咽 Take the medicine at one swallow.一口把药吞下。‎ ‎(4)n.燕子 One swallow does not make a summer.‎ 一燕不成夏。(谚语)‎ 完成句子:‎ ‎(1)It's difficult for you to ________(吞下整个鸡蛋)．‎ 翻译句子:‎ ‎(2)洪水吞没一切挡在它路上的东西。‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎8.mess n．混乱 考点提示：‎ ‎ in a mess　　　　乱七八糟 ‎ make a mess 搞乱 Your books and magazines are almost in a mess; go and put them in order.‎ 你的书和杂志简直乱七八糟，去把它们整理一下。‎ Margie's bedroom was in a ________， with books and papers covering every possible surface.‎ A．litter B．disorder C．mess D．rubbish ‎ ‎9.adopt v．采纳；收养 Our school has adopted a new teaching method.‎ 我们学校采用了一种新的教学法。‎ They are not my real parents; I am adopted.‎ 他们不是我的亲生父母，我是被收养的。‎ Those children had to ________ their parents' suggestion.‎ A．admit B．adopt C．adapt D．add ‎10.honour n．荣誉　v．给予某人荣誉 an honour to sb 　　　　　给予某人荣誉 have the honour to do sth ＝have the honour of doing sth ‎ ‎ 有做……的荣幸 in honour of sb / sth 向……表示敬意；为纪念……‎ Will you honour me with a visit？可否请您光临？‎ He was honoured as a man of courage.他被尊为勇者。‎ She is an honour to our school.她是我校的光荣。‎ May I have the honour of dancing with you?‎ 我有荣幸与你跳舞吗？‎ ‎(1)I feel greatly honoured ________ into your group.‎ A．to wele B．weling C．to be weled D．weled ‎(2)The street was named after a great man________ his great contributions to the city.‎ A．in honour of B．instead of C．in case of D．in need of 答案：1.A　[句意：我们办公室有这样一个惯例，那就是当有人过生日的时候，他们会带块蛋糕来和我们一起分享。tradition 传统；balance 平衡；concern 关心，担心；relationship 关系。]‎ ‎(1)traditional　(2)tradition ‎2.(1)A　(2)D ‎3.(1)celebration　(2)congratulations　(3)celebration；celebrate　(4)celebration；congratulated ‎4.(1)in the dark　(2)in the dark ‎5.(1)A　(2)B　(3)D ‎6.(1)He has served his master for many years.‎ ‎(2)He served us with fruit.‎ ‎7.(1)swallow a whole egg　(2)The flood swallowed everything in its way.‎ ‎8.C　[句意：麦奇的卧室乱七八糟，书和纸弄得到处都是。mess意为“零乱状态”；litter意为“废纸屑，垃圾，破烂”；disorder意为“杂乱，混乱，无秩序”；rubbish意为“垃圾，废物”。]‎ ‎9.B　[句意：那些孩子不得不采纳父母的建议。admit 承认；adopt 采纳；adapt 适应；add添加。]‎ ‎10.(1)C　[句意：受到你们组的欢迎是我莫大的荣幸。wele 与I之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故wele 须用被动语态形式。]‎ ‎(2)A　[句意：那条街以一个伟人的名字命名的，是为了纪念他对这个城市所作的巨大贡献。]‎