2017年度高考英语 指导分项历炼 阅读理解 17页

‎2014高考英语名师指导分项历炼：阅读理解 Passage 1‎ 题材：时文报道类　体裁：议论文　词数：335‎ The fourth round of heavy smog that hit Beijing in four weeks has sent more people to the hospital with respiratory (呼吸的) illnesses and led to calls for laws to control the pollution.‎ Pan Shiyi，a real estate developer，said he is planning to propose (提出) a Clean Air Act to the local government.As a representative of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress，he started an online survey at 9：‎20 a．m.Within three hours，more than 25,000 web users，or 99 percent of total respondents，welcomed his proposal on Sina Weibo，China's Twitter.‎ They have good reasons to stand alongside Pan.The latest round of haze (雾霾) reduced visibility to under 500 meters in many parts of the city.The smog has also led to a great increase in respiratory illnesses，particularly among children and the elderly.Anxious parents and doctors almost all blame the smoggy air for the illnesses.Though most schoolchildren are home for the winter holidays，the bad air can easily move indoors.Besides，ordinary medical masks fail to provide adequate protection，so some people have turned to gas masks and respirators (呼吸器)．‎ The causes of the scary smog are rather mysterious，though experts blame excessive emissions and the mountains around Beijing that trap pollution in winter，unless there is adequate wind to clear it away.Some critics have pointed fingers at China's top two oil firms，China National Petroleum Corp and China Petrochemical Corporation，saying the companies' outdated production technologies produce large quantities of substandard，highpolluting gas fuel.‎ 考点4　推理判断题 命题猜想 本文为说明文，题材为科学发现类，主要介绍一项惊人发现：脑力工作本身不会使人感到疲劳。‎ 题号 正确 选项 名师伴你行 ‎3‎ A 观点态度题。结合全文尤其是文章第一句话可知，作者对这一新的科学发现虽然感到震惊但又认为它是一个具有重要意义的事实，故选A项。‎ ‎4‎ B 推理判断题。由文章最后两段可知，导致我们疲劳的原因主要是不良的情绪，因此要想保持活力必须保持愉悦的心情，故选B项。‎ ‎ 　 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Meanwhile，concerned Beijingers have moved their brainstorming sessions to cyberspace.If Pan's proposal for a Clean Air Act is adopted，netizens say the new law should include items providing for “carfree days” in times of smog，higher standards for vehicle fuel，stricter restrictions on industrial and exhaust gas emissions，and more effective protection for the public.‎ Beijing is not the only city that has ever lost the blue sky.Five days of thick fog caused thousands of deaths in Britain in December 1952，urging the government to pass the first Clean Air Act in 1956，which introduced smokeless zones and cleaner fuels to reduce pollution.That may provide some experience for Beijing to refer to.‎ ‎(2013·武汉二中模拟)‎ ‎1．Why did Pan Shiyi start an online survey?‎ A．To investigate the public's opinions on pollution.‎ B．To tell people the danger of the smoggy weather.‎ C．To call on more people to support his proposal.‎ D．To collect supporting evidences for his proposal.‎ ‎2．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A．People are clear about the causes of the smoggy weather.‎ B．Children staying indoors will not get respiratory illnesses.‎ C．Smog is worse for people with lower resistance to diseases.‎ D．Masks can give people protection against the smoggy weather.‎ ‎3．Britain is mentioned in the last paragraph to ________.‎ A．suggest Beijing should learn from other countries B．let people know many places have this problem C．tell people the situation in Britain is worse D．call on the government to pass Britain's Clean Air Act ‎4．What's the best title for this passage?‎ A．The Use of Gas Masks and Respirators B．Beijingers Call for a Clean Air Act C．Effective Protection for Blue Sky D．The Mysterious Causes of the Scary Smog Passage 2‎ 题材：广告信息类　体裁：说明文　词数：371‎ Our travel experts are eager to assist you with your cheap flight tickets and package deal bookings.‎ Call us for cheap air ticket deals on flights from all UK airports.‎ Cheap Flights to ‎New York The skyline of Manhattan is an unforgettable sight when first glimpsed，and New York is a city that knows how to attract the visitor.Visit the Statue of Liberty，take a horsedrawn carriage round Central Park，take a photo at Times Square，see a show on Broadway，or explore Chinatown.‎ Book your cheap flight to New York from ￡ 459 only.‎ Cheap Flights to ‎San Francisco San Francisco is a big city with a smalltown charm delighting its visitors.This “City by the Bay” has a gorgeous ocean setting，wonderful architecture，and the Golden Gate Bridge that dominates the landscape.There's so much to see and do.You can enjoy a ride in a cable car，visit fashionable Nob Hill and Union Square.And the city's longestablished Chinatown is essential.There's no shortage of amazing nightlife with restaurants，night clubs，and bars of every description.‎ Book your cheap flight to San Francisco from ￡ 564 only.‎ Cheap Flights to ‎Sydney Surf，sand and sun sum up this vibrant city like no other.Famous for its golden beaches and truly worldclass surf，Sydney offers the best outdoor activities.A lively centre for business as well as arts，the city is a wonder with cafe culture，charming nightlife，and an exciting restaurant scene.You can learn to surf at Manly，swim at iceberg pool，and take a dip in the ocean at Bondi Beach.You can also dip into the Opera House for a concert，explore the Botanic Gardens，and take an earlydinner sunset cruise on the lovely Sydney Harbor to watch the city light up.‎ Book your cheap flight to Sydney from ￡ 796 only.‎ Did you know that booking flight ticket and hotel together could save you up to 40% on your total travel cost？Ask our expert travel agent to quote you on a package deal to New York，San Francisco，Sydney and save big.‎ Hurry！Call us now to get this cheap flight deal.Call Southall Travel 24/7 to book cheap flights.‎ ‎1．If you like to enjoy wonderful nights with friends，you'll probably book the ticket to ________.‎ A．New York or ‎San Francisco B．New York or ‎Sydney C．Chinatown or ‎Bondi‎ ‎Beach D．Sydney or ‎San Francisco ‎2．According to the passage，Sydney is best known for ________.‎ A．its beaches and surfing B．its business as well as arts C．the Opera House D．the Botanic Gardens ‎3．How can you book the flight tickets?‎ A．By phone.‎ B．On the Internet.‎ C．With a personal visit.‎ D．Through a hotel.‎ ‎4．What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A．To introduce three famous cities.‎ B．To attract tourists to book flights.‎ C．To introduce some travel experts.‎ D．To recommend tourist activities.‎ ‎【历炼】‎ Passage 1‎ 北京持续的雾霾天气引发了公众对空气污染的关注，网民们纷纷呼吁政府制定《清洁空气法案》。‎ ‎1．D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知，潘石屹发起网上调查，是因为他计划向地方政府提交《清洁空气法案》的提议(proposal)，首先排除A、B两项；再根据常识判断，网上发起投票调查，是为了收集提议受到支持的证据，使其更具说服力，故答案选D项。‎ ‎2．C　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知选C项，雾霾导致呼吸性系统疾病的增长，尤其在老人和儿童中(抵抗力较弱的人群)。根据第四段第一句可知A项错误；根据第三段倒数第二句可知B项错误；根据第三段最后一句可知D项错误。‎ ‎3．A　推理判断题。根据全文最后一句可推断出，举例是建议北京向英国学习，早日制定《清洁空气法案》。‎ ‎4．B　主旨大意题。文章介绍了北京持续出现的雾霾天气导致的严重危害以及网民们呼吁制定《清洁空气法案》，故B项符合文章主旨。‎ Passage 2‎ 这是一则有关订购便宜机票的广告。‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。根据Cheap Flights to San Francisco下面的“There's no shortage of amazing nightlife with restaurants，night clubs，and bars of every description.”以及Cheap Flights to Sydney下面的“charming nightlife”可知，在这两个地方可以享受美丽的夜晚。故答案为D项。‎ ‎2．A　细节理解题。根据Cheap Flights to Sydney下面的“Famous for its golden beaches and truly worldclass surf，Sydney offers the best outdoor activities.”可知A项正确。‎ ‎3．A　细节理解题。根据第二段“Call us for cheap air ticket deals on flights from all UK airports.”以及最后一段中的“Call us now to get this cheap flight deal.”可知，可以通过打电话订到便宜的机票。‎ ‎4．B　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过介绍几个不同地方的旅游特色来吸引更多的人订购便宜的机票。故答案为B项。‎ ‎ 　 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Passage 3‎ 题材：科普知识类　体裁：说明文　词数：307‎ While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class，a monitor (监控器)a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.‎ Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer's Los Angeles apartment，the monitor ‎ in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room.Her Internet access was locked—remotely—to prevent Internet searches，and her trying style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was：Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past？Or was she slowing down?‎ In the battle against cheating，this is the cutting_edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education.The technology gives trust to the entire system，to the institution and to online education in general.Only with solid measures against cheating，experts say，can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid—that students haven't just searched the Internet to get the right answers.‎ Although online classes have existed for more than a decade，the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.”Private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field，spending millions of dollars to attract potential students，while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.‎ Aside from the web cameras，a number of other hightech methods are becoming increasingly popular.Among them are programs that check students' identities using personal information，such as the telephone numbers they once used.‎ Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.As in many university classes，term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.‎ ‎(2013·广东高考)‎ ‎1．Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?‎ A．To correct her typing mistakes.‎ B．To find her secrets in the room.‎ C．To prevent her from slowing down.‎ D．To keep her from dishonest behaviors.‎ ‎2．The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.‎ A．advanced technique B．sharpening tool C．effective rule D．dividing line ‎3．For Internet universities，exams and diplomas will be valid if ________.‎ A．they can attract potential students B．they can defeat academic cheating C．they offer students online help D．they offer many online courses ‎4．Some programs can find out possible cheaters by ________.‎ A．checking the question answering speed B．producing a large number of questions C．scanning the Internet test questions D．giving difficult test questions ‎5．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?‎ A．The Advantages of Online Exams B．The Hightech Methods in Online Courses C．The Fight against Cheating in Online Education D．The War against the Booming of Online Education Passage 4‎ 题材：环境保护类　体裁：说明文　词数：230‎ Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger，but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You may wonder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.‎ Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺)．Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts (干旱) than areas with more rainfall，but in any case，good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.‎ Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference，too.In the United States，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day！This shows how much we depend on water to live，but there's a lot we can do to lower the number.‎ You can take steps to save water in your home.To start with，use the same glass for your drinking water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher (洗碗机)only when it is full.Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to ‎ keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.‎ ‎(2013·安徽高考)‎ ‎1．Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?‎ A．Using river water. ‎ B．Throwing batteries away.‎ C．Paving parking lots. ‎ D．Throwing rubbish into lakes.‎ ‎2．What can be inferred from the text?‎ A．All water shortages are due to human behavior.‎ B．It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.‎ C．There is much we can do to reduce family size.‎ D.The average family in America makes proper use of water.‎ Passage 3‎ 本文为说明文，题材属于科普知识类。本文通过Jennifer在家考试受监控的具体描述，介绍了几种防止远程教育的学生作弊的高科技方法。只有采取可信赖的反作弊措施，才能防止接受网上教育的学生利用互联网搜索答案作弊，才能证明他的考试和文凭的有效性。‎ ‎1．D　推理判断题。由第二段内容和第三段第一句“In the battle against cheating，this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education.”可知，Jennifer在家考试中受监控器的监控是为了防止(她)作弊，应选D项。‎ ‎2．A　词义猜测题。由第二段的具体描述来看，这是防止作弊的先进技术，另外，由画线部分的后一句“The technology gives trust to the entire system，to the institution and to online education in general.”可知，上一句画线的“cutting edge”和后一句的“The technology”指代的是同一内容，故应选A项。‎ ‎3．B　细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Only with solid measures against cheating，experts say，can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid－that students haven't just searched the Internet to get the right answers.”可知，专家说只有拥有了可信赖的反作弊措施，互联网才可以证明他们的考试和文凭是有效的——学生没有在互联网上搜索到正确的答案。故应选B项。‎ ‎4．A　细节理解题。由最后一段第一句“Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.”可知，是通过分析答题的速度来判断是否作弊，故选A项。‎ ‎5．C　主旨大意题。由全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了在打击网上教育考试作弊的斗争中，目前采取的几种有效防止远程教育学生作弊的高科技方法。‎ Passage 4‎ 本文为说明文。题材为节能环保类。水是我们日常生活中必不可少的资源，但是由于一些不合理的人类活动，导致了水资源的一些短缺。呼吁大家从自身做起，从小事做起来保护水资源。‎ ‎1．C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.(我们铺砌的道路和停车场越多，流入地面成为地下水的水就越少。)”可知应选C项。‎ ‎2．B　推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“...good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.”，第三段最后一句“...but there's a lot we can do to lower the number.”和最后一段我们能够在生活中所采取的多种措施，可以得知B项(我们需要付出很多的努力去满足我们对水的需求)正确。‎ ‎ 　 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．The last paragraph is intended to ________.‎ A．show us how to fix leaks at home B．tell us how to run a dishwasher C．prove what drinking glass is best for us D．suggest what we do to save water at home ‎4．The text is mainly about ________.‎ A．why paving roads reduces our water B．how much we depend on water to live C．why droughts occur more in dry climates D．how human activity affects our water supply Passage 5‎ 题材：社会文化类　体裁：议论文　词数：295‎ When I was 13，my bedroom walls were covered with posters of the Monkees and Beatles.I wrote fan letters and daydreamed about meeting the objects of my ‎ affections.I begged my parents to attend every rock concert and watch every TV show featuring my favorite celebrities；my friends and I discussed for hours all the things we would say and do when we met our favorite movie stars and pop singers.I drove my mother crazy！But after a few years，my obsession with stars faded as I matured and gained the confidence to socialize with “real” boys.‎ In the 35 years since I was a teenager，celebrity worship (崇拜) has increased among teens due to the explosion of television celebrity gossip shows，and instant access to celebrity news on the Internet.It's no wonder that many teens are obsessed with stars when news programs are often filled with entertainment stories and the lives of celebrities.‎ Celebrity worship syndrome (综合征) is now considered a personality disorder.While it is normal for teenagers to follow the lives of their favorite stars，parents should try to monitor everything their child finds interesting.Parents should take action if they suspect a teen is too obsessed with celebrities and showing little interest in school or withdrawing from the family.When teens talk a lot about celebrities and view them as just means of entertainment，this is considered normal celebrity worship.However，when a teenager is obsessed with a star and often expresses a desire to have a close personal relationship with a celebrity or feels they have a special connection to a star，this may be the time for concern.Recent studies have shown that teens who develop an unhealthy obsession with celebrities often suffer from low selfconfidence and depression.Teens who are overly obsessed with stars often have damaged relationships with their parents.‎ ‎(2013·天津十二区重点中学联考Ⅰ)‎ ‎1．The first paragraph is intended to tell us ________.‎ A．parents needn't worry about celebrity worship B．celebrity worship can cause serious problems C．it's normal for a teen to have celebrity worship D．celebrity worship only exists among teens ‎2．We can learn from the second paragraph that ________.‎ A．the media greatly contributes to celebrity worship today B．the author is surprised at celebrity worship C．teens today are not so obsessed with celebrities D．celebrities expose their lives too much ‎3．Parents should become concerned when their children ________.‎ A．talk a lot about celebrities with others B．put up celebrity posters in their bedrooms C．ask to go to their favorite star's concert D．desire a close personal relationship with their favorite star ‎4．The last paragraph implies that ________.‎ A．parents should not care too much about a child's celebrity worship B．celebrity worship syndrome can be a serious problem if left overlooked C．children can normally get out of celebrity worship when they are older D．children with celebrity worship usually have high opinion of themselves ‎3．D　推理判断题。本段的中心句是第一句“You can take steps to save water in your home.”，最后一段是建议我们在家怎么做可以节约用水。故选D项。‎ ‎4．D　主旨大意题。本篇文章主要讲的是人类活动(human activity)对水资源供应(water supply)的影响。故选D项。‎ Passage 5‎ 对名人、明星的过度痴迷会导致精神疾病，专家们称之为“名人崇拜综合征”。‎ ‎1．C　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可推断出，作者认为青少年时期的名人崇拜是正常的，它会随着年龄的增长、心理的成熟和与人交往所获得的自信而逐渐消失。文章最后一段第二句也有提示。‎ ‎2．A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，大量的电视名星八卦节目和网络上有关明星的新闻，在很大程度上助长了当今青少年的名人崇拜现象。‎ ‎3．D　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三句可知，当一个青少年经常表示希望与自己喜欢的明星有着密切的个人关系或者觉得他们之间有着某种特殊联系时，这可能就是值得家长关注的时候了。‎ ‎4．B　推理判断题。根据该段第一句提及的“目前‘名人崇拜综合征’被认为是一种人格障碍”以及下文的介绍不难推断出，如果对这一症状置之不理，它可能会导致严重的(精神)问题。‎ ‎ 　 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Passage 6‎ 题材：人物故事类　体裁：议论文　词数：317‎ Chinese writer Mo Yan's Nobel Prize for Literature might ignite an explosion of global interest in Chinese literature and lead to more titles translated into English，European experts say.‎ ‎“Hopefully，the award means more people will read Chinese literature and more works will get translated，”says Michel Hockx，professor of the Languages and Cultures of China and Inner Asia from University of London.“Many very good Chinese writers have been accepted globally for a long time already.Mo Yan is probably the most translated Chinese writer alive，with at least five of his novels made available in English over the past 20 years.”‎ Jonathan Ruppin，web editor of bookseller Foyles，says Mo's win coincides with growing interest in Chinese literature and recognizes the talents of a distinctive and visionary (富于幻想的)writer.“We are very excited by the fact that English translations of more of his books should now become available，”Ruppin says.He made the comment after Mo became the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in its centurylong history.‎ As EastWest cultural exchange has been booming，Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention in recent years.Hockx explains，“It's mainly because there are many more opportunities for Chinese writers to visit other countries，to publish their works outside China and to interact with readers abroad.At the same time，more and more people globally are learning Chinese and taking an interest in the Chinese language and culture.”‎ University of Oxford lecturer in modern Chinese literature Margaret Hillenbrand says，“The obvious reason for the growing global presence of Chinese literature is the growing global presence of China itself.People have come to realize that there is a serious knowledge deficit (缺少)between China and its international counterparts－in particular，China_knows_incomparably_(无比地)_more_about_Europe_and_America_than_the_other_way_round－and reading Chinese literature is an effective，simple means of solving that gap.”‎ ‎1．The underlined word “ignite” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A．start out B．burn up C．set off D．appeal to ‎2．Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention mainly because ________.‎ A．Chinese writers have been writing more and more books in English B．the Chinese language has become the most widely used language in the world C．the Chinese government attaches great importance to literature D．the cultural communication between China and western countries has developed ‎3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．Chinese literature has spread with the development of China.‎ B．The Nobel Prize for Literature has a history of hundreds of years.‎ C．In the past，no Chinese writers were accepted outside China.‎ D．Foreigners know about China mainly by reading Mo Yan's works.‎ ‎4．How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?‎ A．China knows more about Europe and America than before.‎ B．China knows more about Europe and America than they know about China.‎ C．China，Europe and America know one another more than before.‎ D．Compared with America，China knows more about Europe.‎ Passage 7‎ 题材：逸闻趣事类　体裁：记叙文　词数：278‎ The morning had been a disaster.My tooth was aching，and I'd been in an argument with a friend.Her words still hurt：“The trouble with you is that you won't put yourself in my place.Can't you see things from my point of view？”I shook my head stubbornly－and felt the ache in my tooth.I'd thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday，but the pain was really unbearable.I started calling the dentists in the phone book，but no one could see me immediately.Finally，at about lunchtime，I got lucky.‎ ‎“If you come by right now，”the receptionist said，“the dentist will fit you in.”‎ I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car.But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist.What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice？Why wasn't he as busy as the others?‎ In the dentist's office，I sat down and looked around.I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried.The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my icecold one.‎ When I told her my fears，she laughed and said，“Don't worry.The dentist is very good.”‎ ‎“How long do I have to wait for him？”I asked impatiently.‎ ‎“Come on，he is coming.Just lie down and relax.And enjoy the artwork，”the assistant said.‎ ‎“The artwork？” I was puzzled.‎ The chair went back.Suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful picture，right where I could enjoy it：on the ceiling.How considerate the dentist was！At that moment，I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.‎ What a relief!‎ ‎(2013·重庆高考)‎ ‎1．Which of the following best describes the author's feeling that morning?‎ A．Cheerful. B．Nervous.‎ C．Satisfied. D．Upset.‎ ‎2．What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?‎ A．The dentist's agreeing to treat her at very short notice.‎ B．The dentist's being as busy as the other dentists.‎ C．The surroundings of the dentist's office.‎ D．The laughing assistant of the dentist.‎ ‎3．Why did the author suddenly smile?‎ A．Because the dentist came at last.‎ B．Because she saw a picture on the ceiling.‎ C．Because she could relax in the chair.‎ D．Because the assistant kept comforting her.‎ ‎4．What did the author learn from her experience most probably?‎ A．Strike while the iron is hot.‎ B．Have a good word for one's friend.‎ C．Put oneself in other's shoes.‎ D．A friend in need is a friend indeed.‎ Passage 6‎ 中国作家莫言赢得了2012年诺贝尔文学奖，它折射出全世界对于中国文化以及中国的关注。本文论述了这种全球范围内的中国文化热以及这种热潮背后的原因。‎ ‎1．C　词义猜测题。根据本句的后半句“...and lead to more titles translated into ‎ English(使得更多的书被翻译成英语)”可以推知莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖可能会引起(set off)全世界对中国文学的关注。start out“开始”；burn up“烧完；使……恼火”；appeal to“对……有吸引力；向……上诉；求助于……”，均不合语境。‎ ‎2．D　细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“As EastWest cultural exchange has been booming，Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention in recent years.”可知，中国文学越来越引起世界的关注，主要是因为东西方文化的交流日益发展繁荣。‎ ‎3．A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句“The obvious reason for... presence of China itself. (中国文学的盛行背后一个明显的原因就是中国自身不断地呈现自我)”，由此可以推知，随着中国的发展，中国文学也传播到全世界。‎ ‎4．B　句意理解题。根据画线句子的字面意思“中国对欧洲和美洲的了解比反过来(即欧洲和美洲对中国的了解)要多得多”，可以推知答案为B项。‎ Passage 7‎ 本文为记叙文，题材为个人情感与人际关系。文章通过讲述“我”看牙医的一次经历，揭示了在解决问题时要学会换位思考的道理。‎ ‎1．D　推理判断题。根据第一段中早上“我”不但和朋友发生了争吵，而且牙疼痛难忍这些描述可推断当时“我”很烦躁，故选D项。cheerful快活的，兴高采烈的，高兴的；nervous紧张的；satisfied满意的；upset烦乱的，不高兴的。‎ ‎2．A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice？”可知“我”对牙医这么快就能给我治牙感到很疑惑，故选A项。‎ ‎3．B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There was a beautiful picture，right where I could enjoy it：on the ceiling.”可知答案为B项。‎ ‎4．C　推理判断题。由牙医站在患者的角度在天花板粘贴图画这一事件，“我”开始明白了朋友所说的“The trouble with you is that you won't put yourself in my place.Can't you see things from my point of view？”这一句话的内涵：换位思考，故选C项。A：趁热打铁；D：患难见真情。‎ ‎ 　 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Passage 8‎ 题材：史地常识类　体裁：说明文　词数：212‎ Melbourne，with a population of over 3.5 million，is the second largest city in Australia.It is clean，safe，dynamic and exciting，and wellknown internationally for its universities and other educational institutions. 　‎ The city has wellplanned treelined wide streets and many beautiful parks and gardens.It has a good transport system of roads，buses，trains and trams (电车)．The La Trobe University (拉筹伯大学) campus is connected to the Central Business District by trams，express buses，and bus and train connections.‎ Melbourne is a culturally rich city，and is home to large communities of people from all parts of Europe，the Americas，Africa and Asia.The city is famous for its restaurants，theatres，music，opera，ballet，art and a lively and dynamic nightlife.Melbourne people are enthusiastic about sports，and the city hosts many famous international sports events.Near Melbourne there are beautiful coastlines with excellent beaches，national parks，forests，wineries(酿酒厂)，winter snowfields and summer resorts.‎ The climate is temperate and comfortable，with warm summers and cool winters.In summer，maximum daytime temperatures range from ‎26 ℃‎ to ‎36 ℃‎，and in winter from ‎12 ℃‎ to ‎18 ℃‎.The weather in Melbourne can be variable from day to day.In 2002，Melbourne was rated the world's best city to live in by the Economist Intelligence Unit.‎ ‎1．Melbourne is wellknown in the world for its ________.‎ A．large population B．educational institutions C．transport system D．beautiful parks and gardens ‎2．According to the passage，Melbourne is a city where _____.‎ A．rich people choose to live B．the best wine is produced C．various cultures exist D．Asian food is popular ‎3．The underlined word “temperate” most probably means “________”．‎ A．hot B．mild C．dry D．cold ‎4．The best title for the passage might be ________.‎ A．An Ideal Place for Shopping B．A City with the Best Climate C．The World's Best‎ ‎City to Live in D．The World's Most Beautiful City