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专题十二 阅读七选五
模拟精选题
Passage 1 (2016·江西省重点中学盟校高三联考)
根据短文内容。从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
The world’s fastest runners come from Jamaica.In the past decade most of the sprint events have been dominated by male and female runners from the Caribbean island.Usain Bolt，Asafa Powell and Verona Campbell－Brown are among Jamaica’s world record holders and Olympic gold medalists.
__1__ In former times sprinters were poor people who came from the slums.When they saw they had talent they got scholarships at American colleges.They experienced world class training there but，nevertheless，did not feel at home.Today，Jamaica has the money to employ top coaches，so Jamaican sprinters stay at home.Here they are more relaxed and can perform better.
In Jamaica，children start running at a very early age.When they get to school，teachers and athletic coaches watch them run and walk.Then，depending on their talent they are sent to track and field clubs.__2__ At school track meets crowds of teenagers get together to compete with each other.Running is very important in Jamaica and winning a national title or a school championship is something really big. __3__
Another reason for Jamaica’s success on tracks around the world is food.A typical breakfast includes salt fish with yams，bananas and maybe a cup of tea.It contains carbohydrates which runners need to perform well.
__4__ They have long legs and little fat.Their narrow hips allow them to lift their knees higher when they run.Many scientists have been researching African and Caribbean runners in order to find out if they have a special gene that makes them faster than the others.__5__
The success of Bolt，Powell and others has triggered hype(天花乱坠的广告宣传)among Jamaican children.These are their idols and they want to be just like them.
A．A tough competition may be one of the reasons why Jamaicans are so good.
B．Nutritionists argue that the diet of Jamaican children is one of the keys to success.
C．Jamaican athletes are also built differently from non－blacks.
D．Running has changed in Jamaica.
E．Most of the country’s world class runners started out in the two leading track clubs.
F．Hard training and iron will is essential to be among the best in the world.
G．However，there is no evidence of such a gene.
【语篇导读】 本文主要讲了牙买加跑步运动员跑步快的原因。
1．D [根据后文内容可以推断出跑步使得牙买加人的生活发生了变化，所以选D项。]
2．E [根据前后文内容，空前讲“they are sent to track and field clubs”，空后讲“At school track meets crowd...”，由此可以推断出此处选E项。]
3．A [根据后一段中“Another reason”可知前文讲的是其中的一种原因，再结合前文内容就可以推断出此处选A项。]
4．C [根据后文内容可知这一段讲的是牙买加运动员身体的特征，以及后文中“...they have a special gene that makes them faster than the others”。由这两点可推出此处应选C项。]
5．G [这一段主要讲了研究人员认为基因对于牙买加运动员在跑步这一方面有一定的影响，所以此处选的也应与基因有关，所以选G项。]
Passage 2 (2016·临沂一模)
根据短文内容。从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
The days when a cellphone was used for nothing beyond calling and texting are gone.Today，we turn smart phones into magical machines with apps that transform them into musical instruments or business machines or video players.But it turns out that we are only searching the surface.Who knew that smart phones would make pretty good satellites？__1__
Smart phones forecast the weather
Networking expert Open Signal has discovered something interesting：the sensors in Android phones designed to measure battery temperature，light，pressure and 80 on can be used to generate surprisingly accurate weather reports.__2__
Smart phones save the rainforests
Detecting illegal logging(盗伐) may sound like a novel app，__3__：in Indonesia，the non－profit organization Rainforest Connection’ wants to use donated Android
phones to detect illegal logging.As New scientist reports，“The phones are equipped with solar panels specifically designed to take advantage of the brief periods when light reaches the forest floor.Their microphones stay on at all time，and the software listens for the sound of a chainsaw (链锯)．”
__4__
Researchers at the university of Illinois have developed an iPhones app that turns the phone into a fully featured mobile medical lab that uses the phone’s camera to detect proteins，bacteria，viruses and other organisms.
Smart phones drive cars
Google’s self－driving cars carry around $30，000 of high－tech hardware and sensors，but students at Australia’s Griffith University think they can get the job done with a single smart phone.__5__
A．but it’s a serious business
B．Here are some uses for smart phones the makers probably didn’t imagine.
C．so it can be used to detect the sound of a chainsaw
D．It has been used in many fields
E．Get enough phones involved and you will have a weather sensing network
F．Smart phones serve as mobile medical labs
G．They have built a model that relies mainly on the phone’s camera and built—in GPS
【语篇导读】 文章给我们介绍了智能手机一些我们不太了解的新功能，如用于预报天气、监测盗伐、医疗实验、驾车定位等。
1．B [考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲述了手机功能的发展，功能越来越多，但还有一些我们不知道的功能。B项承上启下，引出更多功能，故选B。]
2．E [考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要讲手机预报天气的功能，E项涉及到预报天气并形成气象网络，符合本段意思，故选E。]
3．A [考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要讲手机能监测盗伐树木功能，本句讲了盗伐热带雨林的严重性，A项符合文意，故选A。]
4．F [考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要讲手机在医疗方面的应用，F项与此相符，故选F。]
5．G [考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲智能手机的驾车功能、定位功能，G项符合文意，故选G。]
Passage 3 (2016·石嘴山市一模)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
In many countries of the world, people do what is called house sitting.It means that if owners of the house are going away, they want someone to come into their home and look after the house and maybe pets while they are away.
In Australia, many people travel.After people retire, they might buy a van and travel all over the country.__1__．
So if someone wants to travel or go away for some reason, they might want someone in their home to care for it and keep the gardens tidy.House sitters might have to care for pets.Also, quite a few people have swimming pools in their back yard and they need cleaning.__2__．I feel it is a great way of seeing the country, because you go and stay in a new city, get to meet new people, and have time to go sightseeing in a new area.
__3__．There are websites where you find the advertisements by people who want to travel, and by replying to the advertisement, you can make arrangements to go and look after their home.
There are some requirements to be a house sitter.You must be a trusted person, so that the home owner knows you will not steal anything.You must be able to go when the house owner wants you to go, so you need lots of free time.__4__．You need to be good with pets, able to care for cats and dogs, or other pets they may have.
Some house sitting jobs are just for a few days or a couple of weeks while the house owners have a short holiday.Sometimes it is for much longer.We have had one house sit for six months, while the home owner travelled to Europe.
__5__．Then you can travel to many different countries and stay there.One of the important things to get is references from the home owners where you have stayed.A reference is a written letter to say that you are trustworthy and have looked after their home well.You can show these letters to possible house sitting jobs and they know you will do a good job.
A．I have done house sitting many times.
B．Thousands of people do this all the time.
C．It is also possible to do house sitting in other countries.
D．Generally you have many opportunities to get a house sitting job.
E．You must take a little care over what your description says about you.
F．This is an international house sitting service for all city and country areas.
G．You must have a good car, so you can travel to different parts of the country.
答案 1.B [根据前后句的内容，并结合各个选项的句子的意思，可知选B。]
2．A [本题主要是讲述在一个家庭里面打工的，关键词是house，结合各个选项的句子的意思，可知本题要选A。]
3．D [根据本空格后所讲述的在网上有广告等内容，可知此处讲述的是有很多这样的工作机会。故D选项与此相符。]
4．G [本段主要讲述的是去旅游的一些基本的条件和必需物品，结合各个选项的句子的意思，因此可马上选到答案G。]
5．C [根据本空格后一句的关键词many different countries，结合各个选项的意思，可知选C。]
Passage 4 (2016·衡阳一中月考)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Care for Your Ears?
Ears not only let us hear, but they also play a role in maintaining our balance, which is vital to our ability to function in daily life.Yet, we ignore them.We can’t even see our ears, except in a mirror.We take for granted what they do for us day in and day out—until we notice something’s wrong, such as when an earache strikes or when we start having to ask people to repeat what they say.__1__
◆Clean your ear with a washcloth—covered finger only.
Never put anything inside your ear canal, including cotton swabs (药签)．__2__
◆Leave earwax(耳垢) alone.
Wax is your ear’s way of eliminating(消除) anything foreign that gets into the ear canal.__3__If you find you have too much earwax, use a few drops of earwax remover(去除剂) in the canal.After a few minutes, wash the ear with warm water.
◆Avoid noisy places.
Rock concerts and construction sites are just a few places that frequently have noise levels that can damage hearing.Any place where you have to shout to be heard should be avoided.
◆__4__
Be careful not to play MP3 too loud, especially if using earphone.
◆Be careful with illness and medications.
Respiratory (呼吸的) illnesses should be treated to avoid their spread to the ears.Certain medications can damage hearing, so follow the directions carefully before taking them.
See your doctor if you suffer from sudden hearing loss or hear noises in your head.__5__
A．Most people don’t need to clean wax out of their ears.
B．In such case, go to see a doctor as soon as possible.
C．These can be symptoms of a serious illness which needs to be treated.
D．This article will show you how to care for your ears.
E．Turn the volume(音量)down.
F．Avoid using earphones while listening to MP3.
G．Your ear canal is very narrow, and a swab can damage it.
答案 1.D [考查对上下文语境的理解。空后列出几种护理耳朵的方法，这里选D(这篇文章会告诉你怎样护理你的耳朵。)与上下文一致。]
2．G [考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是；不要把任何东西放进耳道里，包括棉签。所以这里选G。(你的耳道非常狭窄，一根棉签都可能会伤了它。)与上下文一致。]
3．A [考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思是：如果你发现你有太多耳垢，可以向耳道中滴几滴耳垢清除剂。所以这里选A。(大部分人不需要清除耳朵中的耳垢。)与上下文一致。]
4．E [考查对上下文语境的理解。 空后的意思是：注意不要把MP3播放器的声音调太大，特别是使用耳机时。所以这里选E。(把声音调小。)与上下文一致。]
5．C [考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：如果你遭受忽然的听力损伤或者头脑中有大的噪音，那么要去看医生。所以这里选C。(这些可能是需要治疗的严重疾病的症状。)与上下文一致。]
Passage 5 (2016·宁夏六盘山二模)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
High school can be quite the stressful time for any student.There are numerous stresses to deal with and the pressure can be more intense as you enter your senior year.__1__The answer is as follows.
__2__Adjust your approach to your specific situation.For instance, if you’re active in your community and your school and have a large family, you may feel depressed by having all these people involved in your life on a daily basis.__3__You just may need a moment to be alone and collect your thoughts before moving on to the challenges that face you.
__4__If your stress persists and you can’t figure out a way to handle it, you may want to try speaking to your school counselor(顾问)．If you don’t feel comfortable speaking to your counselor, try getting some other types of counseling.
Realize your limits, and plan around them.Don’t take on more than you can handle.If you take on too many things, you will be spread too thin and won’t be able to perform at your best in anything.__5__You will definitely feel more at ease!
A．Seek professional counseling.
B．Why does the stress come into being?
C．Try thinking of alternative ways to deal with stress.
D．When you feel relieved, you can have a happier life.
E．Taking some time out to be alone may be the best way to handle such stress.
F．But how on earth can you reduce some of the stress?
G．Evaluate what tasks and activities are most important and leave others behind.
答案 1.F [考查上下文的理解判断能力。前句提到进入高年级压力会加大，且根据后句后意：答案如下，可知F项正确。但是你究竟怎样才能减少压力呢？]
2．C [考查上下文的理解判断能力。后句提到要根据具体情况调整方法，故可知解决压力时要有备用的方法。故选C。]
3．E [考查上下文的理解判断能力。后句提到你需要有个时候独处，故可得知E项正确。]
4．A [考查上下文的理解判断能力。根据后句you may want to try speaking to your school counselor(顾问)可知本段主要是建议寻求专家的建议。故选A。]
5．G [考查上下文的理解判断能力。后句句意：你一定会感到轻松。故可推知G项正确。G项意为：评估什么任务和活动最重要，把其它的舍弃。]
Passage 6 (2016·河南洛阳模拟)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Advantages of Hobbies
Hobbies provide entertainment and a chance to continuously learn something new and develop a skill set.__1__
Hobbies are praised as a key to stress reduction.Becoming lost in the mental concentration or physical action which you are deeply interested in helps you shift focus from the parts of life that are stressful.__2__And in turn you are more peaceful when working on other work.
__3__Many people set goals with their hobbies that provide them satisfaction when these goals have been achieved.These goals can be simple, like improving a golf score, writing a certain number of pages for a novel each day or seeing an entire collection of classic films.
Hobbies provide a sense of community when you meet other people who enjoy similar activities.__4__More populated cities typically have numerous clubs or groups for people to share their knowledge and enthusiasm about a particular hobby. Becoming a member of one of these organizations allows greater growth within your hobby, as well as a chance to make new friends.
Having a hobby can develop a talent that makes a person feel proud and satisfied.For example, a tennis hobby developed at a young age can lead to a career as a professional athlete one day.__5__For example, writer Vladimir Nabokov also collected butterflies, which allowed him to do better in his chosen fields because he used learned skills from one to improve the other.
A．There are a variety of hobbies.
B．Hobbies also provide a sense of achievement.
C．Some hobbies affect other aspects of your life.
D．Focusing on something enjoyable can calm the mind.
E．They also provide many other social and health benefits.
F．Having a hobby increases the chances to interact with like－minded people.
G．Some hobbies containing physical activities offer an enjoyable way to stay healthy.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要说明拥有兴趣爱好的益处。
1．E [上下文过渡句。本选项承接上一句来说明兴趣爱好有社交及健康方面的益处，为下文的展开做了铺垫，同时起到点明文章主旨的作用，所以选E。]
2．D [细节支撑句。本段的主题句为“Hobbies are praised as a key to stress reduction”。下文是为主题句服务的。结合上下文可知本选项接着上一句来说明专注于喜欢的事物可以让人心情平静，并为下一句说明心情平静的好处做了铺垫，所以选D。]
3．B [段落主旨句。根据空格后的内容可知，本段主要说明了兴趣爱好可以给人们提供一种成就感，所以选B。空格下一句中的satisfaction和achieved为解题关键。]
4．F [细节支撑句。本选项对主旨句展开说明，说明拥有某种爱好增加了和志趣相投的人交流互动的机会，所以此处选F。]
5．C [细节支撑句。空白前一句说到年轻时爱好网球有一天可能会成为职业网球运动员。由选项后面的举例可知一些兴趣爱好会影响到你生活的其他方面，所以选C。]
Passage 7 (2016·皖江名校联考)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Watermelon is one of the most popular and delicious summer fruits that almost everyone loves.__1__ Watermelon is also rich in dietary fiber and potassium(钾)．While there’s a strong debate over whether watermelon is a vegetable or a fruit，many of us consider watermelon to be both.If you want to learn a few amazingly interesting facts about watermelon，keep reading.
Did you know that watermelon can help you increase your brain power? The thing is，watermelon is an excellent source of Vitamin B6.__2__ Moreover，the water percentage in this delicious fruit is similar to the water percentage in the brain.
*It has a high water content __3__ According to the USDA，watermelon is 91.5 percent water，which means that this fruit can help you stay hydrated (含水的)throughout the day.Eating watermelon or drinking watermelon juice each day is one of the most delicious ways to stay hydrated during this season，isn’t it?
*It’s good for your eyes
Watermelon is packed with Vitamin A，which is great for your eyes.It helps to boost your eyesight power.__4__ Consume about 100 grams of watermelon each day to keep your eyes healthy and your eyesight sharp.
*__5__
Eating watermelon is a tasty and cheap way to clear your body and drop a few unwanted pounds.As I mentioned above，watermelon is low in calories and high in water and this helps with weight loss.Watermelon makes a great base for homemade smoothies and the perfect snack between meals as it provides the body with lots of minerals and water.
A．It is vital for normal brain function.
B．Watermelon comes in different varieties.
C．It helps with weight loss
D．It protects your eyes from various infections.
E．Watermelon is an awesome fruit that has plenty of incredible health benefits.
F．Watermelon has an extremely high water content.
G．Watermelon is low in calories and high in vitamins A and C.
答案 1.G [本句为段中衔接。由下文中Watermelon is also rich in dietary fiber and potassium(钾)．可知G最符合语境。]
2．A [段中句。It指代前文Vitamin B6，关键下文brain可知A符合语境。]
3．F [段首句。由标题中的关键词water content可知F符合语境。]
4．D [段中句。关键词eyes提示D符合语境。]
5．C [标题句。总结下段可知本段内容为吃西瓜有益于减肥。]
Passage 8 (2015·河北正定中学月考)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Although problems are a part of our lives，it certainly doesn’t mean that we let them rule our lives forever.One day or the other，you’ll have to stand up and say—problem，I don’t want you in my life.
__1__ Problems with friends，parents，girlfriends，husbands，and children—the list goes on.Apart from these，the inner conflicts within ourselves work，too.These keep adding to our problems.Problems come in different shapes and colors and feelings.
But good news is that all problems can be dealt with.Now read on to know how to solve your problems.
Talk，it really helps.What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help.__2__ Talking helps you move on and let go.
Write your problems.__3__ When you write down your problems，you are setting free all the tension from your system.You can try throwing away the paper on which you wrote your problems.By doing this，imagine yourself throwing away the problems from your life.
Don’t lose faith and hope.No matter what you lose in life，don’t lose faith and hope.Even if you lose all your money，family...you should still have faith.__4__
Your problems aren’t the worst.No matter what problem you get in life，there’re another one million people whose problems are huger than yours.__5__ Your problems might just seem big and worse，but in reality they can be removed.
Go about and solve your problems because every problem，however big or small，always has a way out.
A．But the truth is that when you talk about it，you’re setting free the negative energies that have been gathering within you.
B．When we have a problem，a pressing，critical，urgent，life－threatening problem，how do we try and solve it?
C．Tell yourself：when they can deal with them，why can’t I?
D．Of course，we’ve been fighting problems ever since we were born.
E．We can often overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack.
F．Having a personal diary can also be of huge help if you don’t want a real person to talk with.
G．With faith and hope，you can rebuild everything that you lose.
【语篇导读】 本文中作者主要介绍了如何处理生活中遇到的问题，比如，要取得别人的帮助，要有信心，碰到问题不要灰心泄气等。
1．D [根据第一段you’ll have to stand up and say—problem，I don’t want you in my life.和第二段Problems with friends，parents，girlfriends，husbands，and children—the list goes on.可知，问题伴随一个人的一生，D项“
当然，自从我们出生的那一刻起，我们就在和麻烦作斗争”起到了衔接上下文的作用，故选D。]
2．A [根据本段中What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help.(大多数人都会认为，自己的问题只有自己能够解决，说出来也没有用。)而A项内容是强调把问题说出来能够释放内心积压的消极情绪，表示一种转折，选A。]
3．F [本段的建议是人们可以通过写日记来排解内心的紧张，而F选项Having a personal diary can also be of huge help if you don’t want a real person to talk with.内容符合语境，而且diary是信息词。]
4．G [本段强调的是无论何时都不要失去信念和希望，而G选项With faith and hope，you can rebuild everything that you lose也是告诫人们只要有信念和希望，就能重建生活。]
5．C [本段讲的是自己遇到的问题不会比他人的严重。而C项“告诉自己：他们都能把问题解决掉，自己为什么不能？”符合语境。]
Passage 9 (2015·河南郑州二模)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Speaking in front of people can be a rewarding and engaging experience，but it can also be terrifying.The power of public speaking is a key leadership skill.__1__ Communicate effectively and communicate your message so that others listen，understand and act.
You’ve been asked to speak in front of others because you know something about the subject at hand.Those who invited you to speak already have confidence in your ability.__2__ You know the subject and have been successful with it so be sure to be enthusiastic about your work.It’s fun for an audience to listen and engage with someone who is excited about the subject at hand.
__3__ Have a clear understanding about your audience before you begin crafting your speech.Your approach will vary if the audience members are experts in the field，students，or just people who are interested in the subject matter.
Get your facts straight.__4__ Don’t lie and pretend to know something you do not.So spend time collecting and confirming your information.Too many public speakers are quick to present their opinions without providing clear substance.Avoid that trap.
Know your speech so well that you could give it from memory—but be sure to still keep your notes on you in case you forget key points.__5__ Be sure to practice your speech by speaking slowly，clearly，and comfortably.
A．Learn from other great speech makers，adopt their skills and make them your own.
B．The more you learn and practice the science，the easier the art will work for you.
C．Never keep the key message till the end of your speech.
D．The skill of public speaking is both an art and a science.
E．Don’t stand there saying，“I think so” or “I’m not sure.”
F．Understand your audience.
G．Be confident in yourself.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是在大众面前演讲是一门科学也是一门艺术，为了达到良好的演讲效果需要注意的一些问题。
1．D [考查句际关系。根据前一句The power of public speaking is a key leadership skill.和D项“公众演讲是一门科学也是一门艺术”相符。]
2．G [考查句际关系。根据关键词have confidence in your ability 可知，此处“相信自己”符合语境。]
3．F [考查主题句。根据后面的Have a clear understanding about your audience...可知，本段谈论的是“理解观众”。]
4．E [考查句际关系。根据主题句Get your facts straight.和后面的Don’t lie and pretend to know something you do not.可知，“不要站在那里说：我认为这样或我不清楚”，符合语境。]
5．B [考查句际关系。根据关键词practice your speech再结合段意可知，你学习且实践的越多，你的演讲艺术就会越高。]
Passage 10 (2014·黑龙江大庆一中段考)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How do you stay true to yourself when you’re surrounded by friends and/or family that have an opinion on everything you do? It’s not easy！__1__Here are 4 tips which can help you live a dynamic life.
__2__
Stay true to yourself by listening to the only opinions that really matter－your own and those from people who believe in and encourage you.Deep down you know yourself better than anybody else.
Don’t fear people
__3__The reason most people don’t take risks，or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them.If you want to live the life you truly deserve，you must give up the need to be liked by everybody.
Value yourself and your choices
When you do，others will too.Own the choices you make in your life.__4__When you believe in yourself，in time，others will believe in you too.Show confidence in your choices，and what you stand for whether others agree or not.
Focus on appreciation
No matter what the circumstances are，there is always something to be grateful for.All successful people ask：What am I grateful for？How can I improve my situation and use these tough times to inspire others？__5__
These steps，if applied，will help you transform your peace of mind，lifestyle，and productivity.
A．Focus on your own talents and strengths.
B．Never let others’ opinions guide your choices.
C．Treat every person like they are important.
D．When you doubt yourself，others will doubt you.
E．Stay fearless in everything you will have to do.
F．Be thankful to life and be helpful to others，and you’ll lead a successful life.
G However，there are great possibilities that you can lead the life you really want.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文，当你和家人、朋友在一起的时候，想要坚持按照自己的信念去做事是不容易的。那怎么办呢？作者在本文中给我们提出了四点建议。
1．G [考查句际关系。前面提到当和别人在一起的时候，坚持按自己的信念办是不容易的。而后面又给出了几条关于如何过充满活力、自主生活的建议，由此判断此空为过渡句，纵观选项，G项内容恰好能起到承接上下文的作用。]
2．B [考查主旨句。本段内容是建议人们要忠实于自己的选择判断，倾听那些相信你、鼓励你的人的建议，由此判断作者劝告人们不要随便听别人的建议，不要受别人的影响。]
3．E [考查句际关系。根据本段主题句Don’t fear people可知，此处建议人们不要惧怕需要做的事情。]
4．D [考查句际关系。本段首先提出人们要相信自己、相信自己的选择，然后在下文进行解释论证，而在所有选项中D项和空后的句子内容相反，构成正反的对比，来支持论点。]
5．F [考查总结句。根据上文人们提出的问题What am I grateful for? How can I improve my situation and use these tough times to inspire others？可知，此处是作者对这两个问题的回答。]
创新导向题
Ⅰ.原创新题
Passage 1
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most cars have seat belts as part of their equipment.Seat belts protect drivers and passengers in case of accidents.They also reduce the effect of a crash on the body.__1__ Worldwide，the devices have protected up to a million people.
America first recognized the invention of an automobile seat belt in 1849.The government gave a patent to an engineer named Edward Claghorn of New York City so that others would not copy his invention of a safety device.__2__ This early version of safety belt was said to include hooks and other attachments for securing the person to a fixed object.
Other inventors followed with different versions of the seat belt.__3__ It resulted from the work of a Swedish engineer，Nils Bohlin.His three－point，lap and shoulder seat belt first appeared on cars in Europe 50 years ago.
Nils Bohlin recognized that both the upper and lower body needed to be held securely in place.His invention contained a cloth strap(带子)that was placed across the chest and another strap across the hips.__4__
Volvo was the first company to offer the modern seat belt to its cars.This company also provided use of Nils Bohlin’s design to other car－makers.
__5__ He received a gold medal from the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 1995.He died in Sweden in 2002.
A．The Swedish engineer won many honors for his seat belt.
B．Claghorn was a promising young engineer with many honors all his life.
C．The design joined the straps next to the hip.
D．There are many companies adopting Nils Bohlin’s invention of the belt.
E．Safety experts say that seat belts save thousands of lives a year in America alone.
F．But more than 100 years passed before the current seat belt was developed.
G．Claghorn called his invention a safety belt.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要说明的是安全带的发展演变，现在的安全带是其发明100多年后才被瑞典的工程师Nils Bohlin研发出来的。
1．E [考查句际关系。根据前面的内容可知，在发生事故时安全带保护司机和乘客，它们还能减少碰撞对身体的影响。故E“安全专家说仅在美国安全带每年就拯救无数的生命”符合语境。]
2．G [考查句际关系。根据前后的内容可知，本段谈论的是最初安全带的发明，故“Claghorn给他的发明命名为安全带”符合语境。]
3．F [考查句际关系。根据前后的内容可知，本段谈论的是安全带的发展演变，故“100多年后现在的安全带才被研发出来”符合语境。]
4．C [考查总结句。根据前面的关键词strap，hips可很容易地判断出C“这一设计连接带子到臀部”符合语境。]
5．A [考查主题句。根据后面的He received a gold medal可知，本段谈论的是他所获得的荣誉，故“这位瑞典的工程师因为安全带赢得了许多荣誉”符合语境。]
Passage 2
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Saving money while traveling
There are a lot of matters to think on before going out on a trip.If you fail to plan the trip properly，then money will simply let itself loose from your pocket.Moreover，if you haven’t planned a road map of your tour，then confusion is quite inevitable (必然的)．__1__
Package tours.Tours and travel agencies have attractive offers for tourists wanting to spend a couple of days on trips.__2__Once you have accepted the package tour，all your
expenses during the travel will be greatly reduced.You can save a lot in lodging(住宿) and traveling.
Inexpensive lodging.Never choose expensive lodging if your tour is a low－budget one.People tend to spend a lot booking luxury hotels (豪华旅馆)，and save little to enjoy other activities during the trip.This idea is absolutely not wise when spending limited money on the trip is your main aim.Moreover，the expenses increase quickly when your kids are with you.__3__You can use the money saved on good food and amusement.
__4__The peak season is the time when rates are sky high due to the increase of millions of tourists who can afford to spend a lot of money.You，not being amongst this crowd that can spend generously，must book your holidays during the off season.
A guide map.Make a guide map about the places to visit，expenses of travel and the activities to try.While planning you should also estimate(估计) your total expenses.Calculate the maximum amount and try to spend less than that.__5__Refer to the guide map while traveling and follow the money－saving travel tips as much as possible.
A．Reduce shopping.
B．Off season travel.
C．You must keep yourself updated with such offers.
D．This will help you to keep actual expenses below the estimated.
E．You can save lots of dollars when you don’t have a credit card.
F．Therefore，book a fairly low－price lodge to save a few dollars.
G．So knowing some money－saving travel tips becomes necessary for you.
【语篇导读】 本文讲述的是如何在旅游中更好地省钱，提出了四条建议。
1．G [根据标题Saving money while traveling“旅行中节省钱”可知，知道省钱旅行是非常有必要的。故选G。]
2．C [根据Tours and travel agencies have attractive offers for tourists wanting to spend a couple of days on trips.可知，让自己了解这些项目的更新结果。因此选C。]
3．F [选项F“因此，预定低价的房间可以节省费用”，与本段标题Inexpensive lodging.相呼应。]
4．B [根据The peak season is the time when rates are sky high due to the increase of millions of tourists who can afford to spend a lot of money.可知，旺季的花费可能比较高，故选B“淡季旅游”。]
5．D [根据While planning you should also estimate your total expenses.Calculate the maximum amount and try to spend less than that.可知，计划出你的全部费用，算出最高金额，并试图花更少的钱，故选D“这将会帮助你实现最低的消费”。]
Ⅱ.预测导向题
Passage 1 (2016·江淮十校联考)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Protecting Your Eyesight
Nowadays most people have bad eyesight.Don’t take your eyes for granted.Here are some tips on protecting your eyesight.
Eat for good vision.
Protecting your eyes starts with the food on your plate.Nutrients such as vitamin C and vitamin E may help ward off (avoid) vision problems.__1__ You can choose green vegetables，eggs，beans and other non－meat protein sources.
Wear sunglasses for good vision.
__2__ Choose sunglasses that block 99% to 100% of both UVA and UVB rays.If you wear contact lenses，choose offer UV protection.It’s still a good idea to wear sunglasses for more protection.
Quit smoking.
Smoking makes you more likely to get cataracts(白内障)，optic nerve (视觉神经)damage，and macular degeneration (黄斑部退化)．If you have tried to quit smoking before and started smoking again，keep trying.The more times you try to quit smoking，the more likely you are to succeed.
__3__
Staring at a computer screen can cause so many problems: dry eyes，headaches and neck，back and shoulder pain.To protect your eyes，you can position your computer so that your eyes are level with the top of the monitor.This allows you to look slightly down at the screen.Try to avoid glare on your computer from windows and lights.Use an anti－glare screen if needed.Every 20 minutes，rest your eyes by looking 20 feet away for 20 seconds.__4__ Visit your eye doctor regularly.
Everyone，even young children，should get their eyes examined regularly.__5__ They can also find some eye diseases，such as glaucoma (青光眼)．The earlier diseases are found，the easier they are to be treated.
A．Use safe eyewear.
B．Look away from the computer for good eye health.
C．Eye exams help you protect your sight and see your best.
D．Regularly eating nutritious foods can lead to good eye health.
E．Wear glasses when examined under the guidance of your doctor.
F．At least every two hours，get up and take a 15－minute break.
G．The right kind of sunglasses will help protect your eyes from the sun’s ultraviolet(紫外线的)rays.
答案 1.D [本段关于怎样通过饮食保护视力，所以本空只能选择D项有关营养食品对眼睛健康的。]
2．A [副标题关于Wear sunglasses for good vision.所以首句的wear safe eyewear 也是提倡带安全的太阳镜。G项虽涉及 “sunglasses”但是此处句首的功能应该是提纲挈领的作用，而非选项G的细节补充。故选A。]
3．B [本段都是通过 position your computer；to avoid glare on your computer；Use an anti－glare screen；rest your eyes by looking 20 feet away等做法来保护眼睛，所以作为副标题此处应是概括下文所有内容的主题句，故选B。]
4．F [如上一题解释，此处前文的四种做法都是关于怎样在电脑前避免一直盯着电脑，所以最佳选项为F。]
5．C [本空后的“they” 是重点提示，所以指代空中的某个成分，而选项E提及查视力，但是没有相关成分能够用 “they”替代的，所以排除E项，最佳选项C。]
Passage 2 (2015·东北三省四市二模)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Kids with special needs refer to any kid who might need extra help because of a medical，emotional(情感的)，or learning problem.For example，kids who can not walk need wheelchairs.They not only need equipment that helps them get around，but they might need to have ramps(坡道) or elevators available.__1__
Kids with an illness would have special needs，too.__2__ Kids with sight problems might need Braille books to read.Kids with hearing problems might need hearing aids.
__3__ It might be harder to do normal things—like learning to read or just getting around the school.The good news is that parents，doctors，nurses，teachers，and others can help.The goal is to help kids be as independent as possible.
Other kids also can be a big help.How? By being a friend.Kids who use a wheelchair or have lots of health problems want friends just as you do.But meeting people and making friends can be difficult.__4__ Be sure to tell a teacher if you see someone being bullied(欺辱)or teased.
Also，try to be helpful if you know someone with special needs.__5__ As you get to know them，they may help you understand what it’s like to be in their shoes.And you’ll be helping fill a very special need，one that everybody has—the need for good friends.
A．Some kids might laugh at or make fun of them.
B．They also might need to get a special bus to school.
C．Life can be challenging for a kid with special needs.
D．It is good manners to offer help to kids with special needs.
E．Being friendly to kids with special needs is one of the best ways to be helpful.
F．They might need medicine or other help as they go about their daily activities.
G．Someone could have trouble with anxiety，but you wouldn’t know it unless told about it.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文，某些孩子由于身体、情感等其他方面的原因需要特殊的帮助， 文章对这些需要特殊帮助的孩子具体需要哪些帮助进行了详细而又建设性的说明。最重要的是，对待他们要友好，不可欺负他们。
1．B [考查总结句。根据前面的内容可知，某些孩子需要一些特别的帮助，并举例说明需要哪些帮助，故B项“他们也可能需要特殊的汽车去上学”符合语境。]
2．F [考查句际关系。根据关键词illness可知，F项“当他们进行日常活动时，可能需要药物或其他的帮助”符合语境。]
3．C [考查主题句。根据后面的It might be harder to do normal things...可知，本段谈论的是“对有特殊需要的孩子来说生活是不容易的”。]
4．A [考查句际关系。根据后面的关键词bullied or teased可知，“有些孩子可能嘲笑或取笑他们”符合语境。]
5．E [考查句际关系。根据段落主题句Also，try to be helpful if you know someone with special needs.可知，“对有特殊需要的孩子友好是最佳的帮助方式之一”符合语境。]
Passage 3 (2015·河北石家庄外国语学校月考)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Here are tips for a successful speech from a professional speechwriter：
No speech should last more than 20 minutes.__1__The Sermon on the Mount，a collection of sayings and teachings of Jesus，for example，lasted hardly more than three minutes.
Focus on one topic.We’re human and tend to have lots of thoughts，opinions and ideas.You have to make proper selection.__2__ Include and expand only those that explain and support your viewpoint(观点)．
__3__It’s important to remember that your words must be hearable and understandable the first time out.
Humour is vital.__4__Ronald Reagan always wanted to joke at the start of a speech because he needed the quick victory of laughter.It helped him relax.It also helped the audience relax.
Don’t forget to say thanks.You should always，at the beginning of the speech，thank the person who invited you and introduced you.__5__While you’re doing it，the audience gets a chance to daydream and settle down.They’re going to daydream at some point anyway，and it may as well be before you get to the heart of your remarks.
A．Choose your words carefully.
B．And saying thanks at the beginning has a practical purpose.
C．First you have to work out what you’re going to say.
D．Every speech needs it，and you need it，too，probably at the beginning.
E．Stick to one subject—the future of the soccer club，for example.
F．This process takes time，so start once you begin thinking about the speech.
G．The more important the message is，the less time it requires to say it.
【语篇导读】 本文介绍的是如何做专业的演讲，并谈到五点建议。
1．G [根据No speech should last more than 20 minutes.(演讲最好不要超过20分钟)，故选G项“信息越重要，需要的时间就越短”。]
2．E [根据We’re human and tend to have lots of thoughts，opinions and ideas.You have to make proper selection(我们有许多的想法，意见，你不得不做一个选择)，故选E项“坚持一个主题，比如俱乐部的未来”。]
3．A [根据It’s important to remember that your words must be hearable and understandable the first time out.(忘记第一次时，你的话必须是易懂的，容易理解的)，故选A项“谨慎的选择你的语言”。]
4．D [根据标题Humour is vital.(幽默是重要的)，和Ronald Reagan always wanted to joke at the start of a speech because he needed the quick victory of laughter.(演讲以玩笑开始)，故选D项“你也需要它”。]
5．B [根据You should always，at the beginning of the speech，thank the person who invited you and introduced you.(你在开始演讲的时候就感谢那些邀请你的人)，故选B项“在开始时表示感谢”。]
Passage 4 (2014·海南华侨中学月考)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Keep a Relationship Healthy and Strong
Are you new to experiencing relationships? Well，let me give you advice on having a healthy and possibly long－term relationship.
__1__ Do not hide things from them，do not lie.Don’t be afraid to say things that aren’t very flattering about yourself.Getting them to trust you is the most important element in any relationship.If there’s no trust，there’s nothing there.So please be honest and they’ll learn to open up to you.
Make sure you give them respect.Now respect isn’t just simply treating her or him nicely.There’s a lot more to it.You have to learn to adjust to their liking.__2__ Don’t just think about yourself，think about what your partner needs out of it as well.
__3__ Always be willing to help them and give them honesty and positivity at the same time.Make them feel you are someone they can really count on and build a future with.This is an important step in a relationship.Your partner has to be able to count on you when needed.
Make sure you have a good sense of humor with them.Laughter is the key to happiness.Laugh a lot with them，joke with them.Laughter may seem silly，but it’s the secret to a lot in life.It will keep the sparks alive.__4__
Make sure the communication is good.This goes along with trust，but always communicate how you feel，even if it’s something that upsets you.Instead of screaming，talk to them.__5__ It’s important to communicate this to them，not keep it bottled up.
A．Show them your personality.
B．Be an honest person with them.
C．Make sure you are encouraging to your partner.
D．Laughter keeps the relationship strong and lasting.
E．Don’t start to neglect them and make them feel unwanted.
F．Basically，learn to study your partners’ moods，wants.and needs.
G．If they did something that made you unhappy，tell them about it in a respectful manner.
【语篇导读】 这是一篇说明文，题材是个人情感与人际关系。作者就如何使人际关系保持健康、持久给出了5点建议。
1．B [考查综合概括能力。空白后的内容是：不要对他们隐瞒实情，也不要说谎。由此可知这里说的是要诚信待人。]
2．F [考查综合概括能力。由“Don’t just think about yourself...”可知，善待伙伴要关注他的情感和需要。]
3．C [考查提取关键词的能力。本文的五条建议均是make sure(务必)开头的祈使句。另外，由下文可知 ，你要让伙伴感觉到你是他们值得信赖的人，亦即，务必使自己对他们有鼓励作用(encouraging)。]
4．D [考查联系上下文的能力。本段论述的是幽默和大笑(laughter)在维系人际关系中的作用。]
5．G [考查运用语境的能力。后面一句的意思是：与伙伴交流心理感受是很重要的，如果有什么烦心事，不要压抑在心里，要向对方倾诉(tell them about it)。]
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