高考英语一轮复习语言知识运用训练六 13页

语言知识运用（六）‎ 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Hunter Kittle, 24 years old, was driving through California's Mount Baldy, when his night took an unexpected turn.‎ As he was going down the road, his car turned upside down suddenly and __1__ directly 70 feet into a valley. The young man amazingly __2__ the fall, but he passed out and wasn't fully in the clear. Shortly after, he __3__ in his broken car with an injured lung, a fractured(骨折的) skull and a broken leg. His pain must have been beyond __4__. Due to the shape of his then destroyed vehicle and his __5__ injuries, Hunter was unable to make his __6__ out of the vehicle. He had to deal with his pain alone __7__ someone found him.‎ The Kittles were also __8__ about where their son could be but as each day passed without any __9__， the situation became worse.‎ After three nights, a motorist __10__ and noticed the car wreck (残骸) __11__ in the valley. The ambulance was called __12__. Soon, Hunter was airlifted to the __13__．‎ Now Hunter is in his hospital bed and says, “I was so happy, you know, that I was finally being __14__， and that I still had a(n) __15__ left to live on.” He goes on to __16__，“In fact, it mainly was __17__ over matter. My desire to live long enough made it, one way or another. I didn't want that to be my final __18__ in my life book.”‎ ‎__19__ his determination to live and a kind stranger, Hunter escaped this tragedy and now __20__ a new perspective on life.‎ ‎1. A. slipped down　　　　　　 B. climbed up C. pulled over D. wandered around ‎2. A. avoided B. survived C. handled D. experienced ‎3. A. looked up B. broke up C. turned up D. woke up ‎4. A. comprehension B. belief C. description D. repair ‎5. A. gradual B. serious C. slight D. temporary ‎6. A. way B. day C. promise D. decision ‎7. A. since B. once C. after D. until ‎8. A. crazy B. guilty C. anxious D. doubtful ‎9. A. suspicion B. information C. instruction D. prediction ‎10. A. passed by B. passed away C. passed off D. passed out ‎11. A. deserted B. lying C. settling D. thrown ‎12. A. suddenly B. casually C. immediately D. deliberately ‎13. A. valley B. home C. hospital D. shelter ‎14. A. inspired B. supported C. cured D. saved ‎15. A. chance B. demand C. plan D. aim ‎16. A. advise B. explain C. warn D. complain ‎17. A. mind B. health C. fortune D. bravery ‎18. A. cover B. price C. sentence D. chapter ‎19. A. In comparison with B. On behalf of C. Thanks to D. Except for ‎20. A. acknowledges B. remembers C. donates D. holds 答案与解析 ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了24岁的Hunter Kittle跌落山谷，身受重伤，最终凭借求生的坚定决心和好心的陌生人的帮助幸免于难的故事。‎ ‎1. 答案　A 解析　根据上文的“his car turned upside down suddenly”和下文的“directly 70 feet into a valley”可知，Hunter Kittle的车突然完全颠倒，滑了70英尺直接滑进了山谷中。slip down“滑下”符合语境。climb up“爬上；攀登”；pull over“驶向路边；向路边停靠”；wander around“徘徊；闲逛”。‎ ‎2. 答案　B 解析　根据下文的内容，尤其是最后一段中的“Hunter escaped this tragedy”可知，这个年轻人惊人地在这次跌落中活了下来。survive“生存；存活；幸免于难”符合语境。avoid“避免”；handle“处理”；experience“经历”。‎ ‎3. 答案　D 解析　根据上文的“but he passed out and wasn't fully in the clear”可知，不久之后，他在损坏的车里醒了过来。wake up“醒来；唤醒”符合语境。look up“好转；改善”；break up“变得虚弱；解散”；turn up“出现”。‎ ‎4. 答案　C 解析　根据上文的“with an injured lung, a fractured(骨折的)skull and a broken leg”可知，Hunter Kittle承受着难以言表的疼痛。beyond description“难以言表”符合语境。beyond comprehension“令人费解”；beyond belief“令人难以置信”；beyond repair“无法修复”。‎ ‎5. 答案　B 解析　根据上文的“with an injured lung, a fractured(骨折的)skull and a broken leg”可知，Hunter Kittle受伤严重。serious“严重的”符合语境。gradual“逐渐的”；slight“轻微的”；temporary“暂时的；临时的”。‎ ‎6. 答案　A 解析　根据语境可知，由于车已损坏，车的外形也被毁坏，以及他本身所受的严重的伤，Hunter Kirtle不能成功地从车里出来。make one's way“行走”符合语境。‎ ‎7. 答案　D 解析　根据语境可知，Hunter Kittle不得不独自处理自己的伤痛直到有人发现他。until“直到……为止”符合语境。since“自……以来”；once“一旦”。‎ ‎8. 答案　C 解析　Kittle夫妇对于他们的儿子可能会在哪儿也非常焦虑。anxious“担心的；焦虑的”符合语境。crazy“疯狂的”；guilty“内疚的”；doubtful“感到怀疑的”。‎ ‎9. 答案　B 解析　根据下文的“the situation became worse”可知，一天天过去了，Hunter ‎ Kittle仍旧杳无音信。information“信息；消息”符合语境。suspicion“怀疑；嫌疑”；instruction“指导；教导”；prediction“预测”。‎ ‎10. 答案　A 解析　根据下文的“noticed the car wreck(残骸)”可知，一位驾车者经过并看到了山谷中的汽车残骸。pass by“经过”符合语境。pass away“去世”；pass off“(以某方式)发生并完成”；pass out“昏迷”。‎ ‎11. 答案　B 解析　参见上题解析。lie“平放；位于”符合语境。desert“废弃”；settle“降落；停留”；throw“扔”。‎ ‎12. 答案　C 解析　根据语境可知，这位驾车者立即叫了救护车。immediately“立即；马上”符合语境。suddenly“突然地”；casually“不在意地”；deliberately“故意地”。‎ ‎13. 答案　C 解析　根据上文的“The ambulance was called”和下文的“Hunter is in his hospital bed”可知，Hunter Kittle被空运到了医院。hospital“医院”符合语境。‎ ‎14. 答案　D 解析　根据语境可知，Hunter Kittle很开心自己被救了下来。save“救；拯救”符合语境。‎ ‎15. 答案　A 解析　根据语境可知，Hunter Kittle对于自己仍有机会继续活下去而感到开心。chance“机会”符合语境。‎ ‎16. 答案　B 解析　根据语境可知，Hunter Kittle对自己仍有机会继续活下去而感到开心，他继续解释道，实际上是精神胜过了物质。explain“解释；说明；阐明”符合语境。‎ ‎17. 答案　A 解析　参见上题解析。mind over matter意为“精神胜过物质(用精神力量处理物质问题)”。‎ ‎18. 答案　D 解析　根据上文的“My desire to live long enough made it, one way or another. I didn't want that to be my final”和下文的“in my life book”可知，Hunter Kittle不想让自己的生命止于这次事故，即他不想让这次事故成为自己人生之书的最后一章。chapter“章；回”符合语境。‎ ‎19. 答案　C 解析　根据语境可知，由于Hunter Kirtle想要活下去的决心和好心的陌生人，他最终幸免于难且他现在对生命持有一种新的观点。thanks to“幸亏；由于”符合语境。in comparison with ...“与……相比”；on behalf of“代表”；except for ...“除了……之外”。‎ ‎20. 答案　D 解析　参见上题解析。hold“怀有；持有(信念；意见)”符合语境。acknowledge“承认”；remember“想起”；donate“捐献”。‎ 完形填空 ‎(2019·甘肃重点中学协作体高三上学期第一次联考)‎ From an early age，Parker always said that he would be an astronaut when he grew up.But no matter how much he studied and took tests，he was never __1__ to fly in space.__2__ ，he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests.In other words，he would never be able to fulfill his __3__.‎ Thinking about all the time and __4__ Parker had put into trying to be an astronaut，people felt __5__ for him.Despite what he was told about having to__6__ his ambition，Parker continued training and studying，__7__ he was going to have the tests the next month.‎ He__8__ as he got older，and when he was a very old man he heard that they were doing some very important __9__ experiments.For those experiments they needed a very__10__ astronaut.Parker，who walked with a __11__ ，was the only old man in the whole world who was__12__ to fly in a rocket.Therefore，Parker found himself flying in__13__ ，all with the help of science.It was clear that the __14__ gained during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people，and Parker was__15__ as a hero.‎ Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick and no teeth __16__ all over the world，and became a __17__ of how you can never train or learn too much.It showed that __18__ effort always brings __19__ even though it may not be in the form we had first __20__.‎ ‎1．A.noticed B．selected C．invited D．permitted ‎2．A.Secretly B．Suddenly C．Luckily D．Finally ‎3．A.dream B．task C．need D．belief ‎4．A.reputation B．power C．effort D．practice ‎5．A.happy B．sorry C．nervous D．calm ‎6．A.ignore B．forget C．develop D．abandon ‎7．A.so that B．now that C．as if D．even though ‎8．A.carried on B．took on C．turned off D．got off ‎9．A.electrical B．physical C．medical D．political ‎10．A.sick B．experienced C．active D．old ‎11．A.map B．stick C．guide D．candle ‎12．A.planned B．trained C．forced D．allowed ‎13．A.silence B．danger C．action D．space ‎14．A.knowledge B．experience C．money D．opportunity ‎15．A.replaced B．educated C．praised D．affected ‎16．A.moved B．flew C．spread D．took ‎17．A.symbol B．mark C．case D．doubt ‎18．A.desperate B．persistent C．cautious D．apparent ‎19．A.award B．prize C．result D．reward ‎20．A.expected B．guessed C．suggested D．proved ‎【解题导语】Parker从小立志做一名宇航员，却一直未实现自己的梦想。但他从未放弃希望，一如既往地进行飞行训练。终于在年老时实现了自己的愿望。‎ ‎1．B　根据下文中的“he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests”可知，此处指他从来没有被选(selected)去太空飞行。‎ ‎2．D　最后，Parker已经超过了选拔考试的最大年龄。finally“最终，终于”。‎ ‎3．A　文章开头谈及Parker的梦想，因为他已经超过了选拔考试的最大年龄，所以他永远也无法实现他的梦想(dream)。‎ ‎4．C　根据第一段中的“But no matter how much he studied and took tests”可知，Parker付出了很多时间和努力(effort)。人们一想到Parker为成为宇航员所付出的时间和努力就为他感到遗憾(sorry)。‎ ‎5．B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎6．D　尽管有人告诉Parker，他不得不放弃(abandon)他的目标，但他还是继续训练和学习，好像(as if)下个月他要参加测试似的。‎ ‎7．C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎8．A　Parker继续(学习和训练)。carry on“继续做，坚持干”，符合语境。‎ ‎9．C　根据下文中的“during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people”可知，Parker得知他们在太空做医学实验。medical“医疗的”，符合语境。electrical“用电的”；physical“物理学的”；political“政治的”。‎ ‎10．D　根据语境可知，他们需要一位年纪大的(old)宇航员。‎ ‎11．B　根据下文中的“Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick”可知，当时Parker走路需要拐杖。a walking stick“拐杖”。‎ ‎12．B　根据上文内容可知，Parker参加训练就是为了能够在太空飞行。故B项符合语境。‎ ‎13．D　根据语境可知，此处指Parker参加实验后，发现自己在太空(space)飞行。‎ ‎14．A　在那些任务中所获得的知识(knowledge)有助于治愈老人们最严重的疾病之一。‎ ‎15．C　Parker被人们称赞(praised)为一位英雄。replace“代替”；educate“教育”；affect“影响”。‎ ‎16．C　这位拄着拐杖且没有牙齿的宇航员的照片在全世界传播(spread)开来。‎ ‎17．A　Parker的照片成了一种象征(symbol)——你再怎么多得去学习和训练都不为过。‎ ‎18．B　这表明坚持不懈的(persistent)努力总会带来回报(reward)。desperate“绝望的”；cautious“小心的”，apparent“显而易见的”。‎ ‎19．D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎20．A　坚持不懈的努力总会带来回报，尽管它不是我们最初所期待(expected)的那种形式。‎ 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ My hometown is a small municipality (自治镇) called Aschach in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. The town __1__(locate) in the Danube Valley and has a population ‎ of 2，190. First __2__(mention) in the year 777, Aschach has a historic center with beautiful houses and courtyards, including a castle. Tourists can enjoy architectural styles from the Gothic, Baroque and Renaissance. As Austria is pretty small, we can __3__(easy) travel to many other European countries. For example, I can drive to Germany within one hour. To the Czech Republic it just takes me 30 minutes.‎ In general, Austrian people pay a lot of attention to the environment and try __4__(live) in harmony with nature. Many of them grow __5__ own vegetables or buy __6__(agriculture) products from nearby farmers.‎ I __7__(live) in Beijing for a long time up to now. __8__ I miss most in the Danube are the starry sky, my family and friends. Aschach is a wonderful place and every time I go home, I feel relaxed and calm. It is one of the prettiest __9__(village) in Austria and visitors from all around the world come to have a tour __10__ it every year.‎ 答案与解析 ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了奥地利的Aschach自治镇。‎ ‎1. 答案　is located 解析　考查动词的时态和语态。该城镇坐落于多瑙河谷，有2 190人。此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；又因为locate作“把……安置在(或建造于)”讲时是及物动词，与the town之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is located。‎ ‎2. 答案　mentioned 解析　考查非谓语动词。mention与其逻辑主语Aschach之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填mentioned。‎ ‎3. 答案　easily 解析　考查副词。因为奥地利很小，所以我们能很容易地去许多其他的欧洲国家旅行。修饰动词应用副词，故填easily。‎ ‎4. 答案　to live 解析　考查非谓语动词。奥地利人很关注环境，他们努力与自然和谐相处。try to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”。‎ ‎5. 答案　their 解析　考查代词。许多人自己种蔬菜。空处指代的是“Many of them”，再结合空后的“own”可知，应填their。‎ ‎6. 答案　agricultural 解析　考查形容词。此处指许多人从附近的农民那里购买农产品。空处修饰名词products，应用形容词。故填agricultural“农业的”。‎ ‎7. 答案　have lived 解析　考查动词时态。到目前为止，我已经在北京住了很长一段时间了。根据句中的“up to now”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填have lived。‎ ‎8. 答案　What 解析　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示“……的东西”，故填What。‎ ‎9. 答案　villages 解析　考查名词复数。Aschach是奥地利最美丽的村庄之一。此处考查的是“one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”这一结构，故填villages。‎ ‎10. 答案　of 解析　考查介词。每年，来自世界各地的游客都会来这里旅游。tour“旅游；旅行”，表示在某地旅游时常与介词of搭配使用。‎ 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Lanzhou beef noodle is one of China's most representative flour－made foods while pasta(意大利面食) is one famous Western fancy food. An event, “When Lanzhou beef noodle meets pasta”， __1__(connect) city food cultures, was held at the Beijing Ritz－Carhon Hotel on October 11, 2019 to show the interaction.‎ Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for its __2__(taste) beef, soup and noodle. Lanzhou is also qualified as __3__ hometown of Chinese beef noodle. __4__ one major city along the ancient Silk Road, Lanzhou has witnessed the efforts of our ancestors and their achievements of developing the Silk Road, according to Zhang Hui, deputy director with the Publicity Department of the CPC Committee of Lanzhou.‎ Lanzhou's cooking culture __5__(develop) its own time－honored characteristics over the years. The event will make Lanzhou beef noodle smelled not only across Lanzhou, __6__ across the world through the Belt and Road Initiative thanks to the __7__(participate) of the two countries' noodle masters. It will also improve cultural exchange, Zhang added. Lanzhou people would like to work with friends at home and abroad __8__(promote) the development of cooking and we __9__(sincere) hope more cultural exchanges of this kind __10__(hold) in Italy and Lanzhou in the future.‎ 答案与解析 ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。在一场名为“兰州牛肉拉面遇上意大利面”的城际饮食文化对接会上，这两种饮食文化进行了对话交流。‎ ‎1. 答案　connecting 解析　考查非谓语动词。connect与其逻辑主语event之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填connecting。‎ ‎2. 答案　tasty 解析　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰名词beef，故应填形容词tasty“美味的；可口的”。‎ ‎3. 答案　the 解析　考查冠词。兰州也被认为是中国牛肉面的故乡。此处表示特指，应用定冠词the。‎ ‎4. 答案　As 解析　考查介词。作为古代丝绸之路上的一座主要城市，兰州已经见证了我们祖先的努力及其在发展丝绸之路上所取得的成就。此处应用介词as表示“作为”之意。‎ ‎5. 答案　has developed 解析　考查时态。这些年来，兰州的饮食文化已经发展出了它自己历史悠久的风格。根据时间状语“over the years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has developed。‎ ‎6. 答案　but 解析　考查连词。该活动将不仅使兰州拉面在兰州被熟知，也会通过“一带一路”倡议被全世界的人们熟知。此处考查的是not only ... but(also) ...结构，意为“不仅……而且……”。‎ ‎7. 答案　participation 解析　考查名词。此处表示这两国面条大师的参与。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，此处应填名词。participation“参与”。‎ ‎8. 答案　to promote 解析　考查非谓语动词。兰州人民愿意与来自国内外的朋友一起来促进饮食的发展。此处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，故填to promote。‎ ‎9. 答案　sincerely 解析　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词。sincerely“真诚地”。‎ ‎10. 答案　will be held 解析　考查时态和语态。此处指希望将来会有更多这样的文化交流活动在意大利和兰州举办。根据时间状语“in the future”可知，此处应用一般将来时；又hold与其主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填will be held。‎ 短文改错 ‎(2019·临沂模拟)‎ Last weekend，my parents and I start early to visit my grandpa in the countryside ‎ where is about 80 km away.When we arrived，we saw some dishes had been preparing for us.My grandpa was more than happy to see me or have dinner with them.As my grandpa is a good cook，so we ate up all the delicious dishes.After dinner，he listened my report about the life in school.He told me to take more exercise to stay health.He also told me to study hardly to get further education in a key university to make the greater contribution to our motherland.‎ ‎【答案】‎ Last weekend，my parents and I early to visit my grandpa in the countryside is about 80 km away.When we arrived，we saw some dishes had been for us.My grandpa was more than happy to see me have dinner with .As my grandpa is a good cook, we ate up all the delicious dishes.After dinner，he listened my report about the life in school.He told me to take more exercise to stay .He also told me to study to get further education in a key university to make greater contribution to our motherland.‎ 第一处：考查动词的时态。根据“Last weekend”可知，应用过去时态。故将start改为started。‎ 第二处：考查定语从句。where是关系副词，不能在定语从句中作主语，应改为which或that。‎ 第三处：考查动词的语态。句意为：当我们到达的时候，我们看到一些饭菜已经为我们准备好了。“dishes”和prepare之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。‎ 第四处：考查连词。根据语境可知，“很高兴见到我”和“与我们一起吃饭”是递进关系。故用连词and连接。‎ 第五处：考查代词。根据上下文逻辑关系，此处是和“我们”一起进餐，不是和他们。‎ 第六处：考查连词。根据句意：“因为我奶奶是一位优秀的厨师，我们吃光所有的饭菜。”so不与as连用。‎ 第七处：考查介词。listen to my report“听我的报告”，listen为不及物动词，跟宾语加to。‎ 第八处：考查形容词。stay为系动词，故应该用形容词。‎ 第九处：考查副词。study hard意为“努力学习”。‎ 第十处：考查冠词。make a great contribution to 对……做出杰出贡献。‎ 短文改错 ‎(2019～2019·太原市第一学期阶段测试)‎ Chinese is one of the world's most widely spoken languages.There are much different types of Chinese.For example，one type known as Mandarin，had almost a billion speakers.Outside of China，Chinese in some form is spoken Chinese communities worldwide.The different kinds of Chinese language use a same script.While someone from the north of China may need the speech of someone from the south interpreted，but it is not usually necessary to have written documents translating.In the early twenty century，a government language policy created Modern Standard Chinese，that is now the official language of China.It is one of the official language of the United Nations to develop more effectively communication.‎ ‎【答案】‎ Chinese is one of the world's most widely spoken languages.There are different types of Chinese.For example，one type known as Mandarin， almost a billion speakers.Outside of China，Chinese in some form is spoken Chinese communities worldwide.The different kinds of Chinese language use same script.While someone from the north of China may need the speech of someone from the south interpreted, it is not usually necessary to have written documents .In the early century，a government language policy created Modern Standard Chinese， is now the official language of China.It is one of the official of the United Nations to develop more communication.‎ 第一处：much改为many。考查限定词。根据下文的可数名词复数“types”可知，此处应用many修饰。‎ 第二处：had改为has。考查时态。根据文章可知，此处描述客观情况，故用一般现在时。‎ 第三处：在Chinese前加by。考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示汉语“被”说，故应添加by，表示“被，由”。‎ 第四处：a改为the。考查冠词。the same表示“相同的”。‎ 第五处：删除but。考查连词。句首While意为“尽管，虽然”，不能和but连用。‎ 第六处：translating改为translated。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为have sth.done结构，表示“使某事被做”，故应用过去分词作宾语补足语。‎ 第七处：twenty改为twentieth。考查序数词。此处应用序数词表示“在二十世纪早期”。‎ 第八处：that改为which。考查定语从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，且此处关系代词在从句中作主语，先行词是Modern Standard Chinese，故将that改为which。‎ 第九处：language改为languages。考查固定用法。“one of＋可数名词复数”为固定用法，故此处应用名词复数形式。‎ 第十处：effectively改为effective。考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词，表示“更有效的沟通”。‎