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2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷
I.ListeningComprehension
1．（1.5分）A．Jobapplicants．
B．Universitystudents．
C．Newsreporters．
D．Publicspeakers．
2．（1.5分）A．﹩36．
B．﹩60．
C．﹩24．
D．﹩30
3．（1.5分）A．Nervous．
B．Excited．
C．Surprised．
D．Calm．
4．（1.5分）A．Theycanhardlyfindtimetodoexercise．
B．Bothofthemarefondofdoingexercise．
C．Doingexerciseisthelastthingthey'dliketodo．
D．Thewomandisagreestodoexercisewiththeman．
5．（1.5分）A．Studentandteacher．
B．Guestandreceptionist．
C．Customerandshopassistant．
D．Daughterandfather．
6．（1.5分）A．TheStudentUnion．
B．TheTutoringServiceCenter．
C．Herprofessor'soffice．
D．Hertutor'shome．
7．（1.5分）A．Thecoverageofnewspapers．
B．Thenatureofhumans．
C．Theincreaseofcrimerate．
D．Theimpactofmassmedia．
8．（1.5分）A．DoctorGreenisverybusyonMondays．
B．DoctorGreenforgottoputthemanontheschedule．
C．AnunexpectedpatientvisitedDoctorGreenlastMonday．
D．PatientscanusuallyseeDoctorGreenonschedule．
9．（1.5分）A．Sheisdisappointedwithhisdecision．
B．Sheiscrazyaboutgoingcampinginthetropicaljungle．
C．ShetriestopersuadethemannottogowithJerry．
D．Shesuggeststhemanreconsiderhisplan．
10．（1.5分）A．Becausehefavorsgoodsinphysicalstores．
B．Becauseheenjoystheofflineshoppingexperience．
C．Becausehedoesn'thavemuchmoney．
D．Becausehedoesn'tliketheshoppingfestival．
11．（4.5分）（1）A．Anumberofgiantratsarehiddeninthefieldsorforests．
B．Violentrobbersmaycomeoutandhurtinnocentcivilians．
C．Peoplemaystepontoalandmine（地雷）andgetinjured．
D．Otherroadshavealitterproblem，whichspoilsgoodmood．
（2）A．Itisararespeciesofrat．
B．Ithasagoodsenseofsmell．
C．Itsacrificesitslifetodetectdangers．
D．Itisterrifiedofexplosivedevice．
（3）13minutes
B．30minutes
C．40minutes
D．4days
12．（4.5分）（1）A．Itbansthesalesofsaltyandunhealthyfood．
B．Itsresidentslosealtogether100，000kgby2020．
C．Everyoneweighshimselfongiantscalesinpublic．
D．Localdoctorsmakepersonalizeddietsforeveryone
（2）A．Localpeoplesharehealthydietwitheachother．
B．Thousandsofresidentskickfootballtokeepslim．
C．Localrestaurantsuseoliveoiltoreplacebutter．
D．Governmentofficialspersevereinphysicalexercise．
（3）A．Studentsareencouragedtowalkorridetoschool
B．Studentsareallowedtoridebicyclesinschoollibraries．
C．Parentsareoffereddevicestomonitorchildren'swalkingtime．
D．Fruitsareprovidedforthosewhoareaddictedtoonlinegames．
13．（6分）（1）A．Neitherofthemcanfindasuitablegame．
B．Theyarebothenthusiasticaboutgames．
C．Goodgamescostalargeamountofmoney．
D．TheyoftengoDutchwhenbuyinggifts．
（2）A．Itincludesfantasyrole﹣playing．
B．Itdoesn'thaveanactualending．
C．Itisanexpensiveonlinegame．
D．Itissomethinglikearacinggame．
（3）A．Playershaveopportunitiestomakenewfriends．
B．Playerscanhaveface﹣to﹣facecommunication．
C．Playersmayberewardedwithdeliciousfood．
D．Playerscanstartthegameatanytimetheywant．
（4）A．Addvarietytotherecommendedgame．
B．Lookaroundtofindacheaperonlinegame．
C．Persuadethewomantochangehermind．
D．Trytofindanextraordinaryonlinegame．
II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
14．（15分）
Anewlydiscoveredteaplantiscaffeine﹣free
Theworldlovesteaandsome3mtonsofteaareconsumedeveryyear．Teacanbegoodforhealth，asitcontainscompoundsthathelptolowercholesterol（胆固醇）andreducetheriskofheartdisease．Butthereisadownside．Teacontainscaffeinewhich，（1） itimprovesmentalalertness，canalsocauseanxiety，insomniaandotherproblems．
（2） wouldbeagreeableisthatateaplantthatprovidesallthetasteandgoodnessbutwithlittleor（3） ofthecaffeinehasbeenfound．LiangChenandJi﹣QiangJinoftheTeaResearchInstituteoftheChineseAcademyofAgriculturalScienceshavediscoveredjustsuchaplant（4） （grow）wildinaremoteareainFujianprovince，southernChina．（5） theyreportintheJournalofAgriculturalandFoodChemistry，notonlyistheteaplantnaturallycaffeine﹣freebutitalsocontainsanumberofuniquemedicinalcompoundsthat，thelocalsbelieve，offerconsiderablehealthbenefits．
（6） （know）locallyasHongyacha，thenewlydiscoveredplantgrowsonlybetween700and1，000metres（7） sealevelaroundahandfulofChinesevillages．
Nowtheresearchers（8） （explore）methodstoprotectHongyachainitsnaturalhabitatwhilefurtherstudiesarecarriedout．Itcantaketime﹣andsometimesitdoesnotwork﹣fornewplantvarieties（9） （breed）forcommercialuse．Apairofnaturallycaffeine﹣freecoffeeplantswerediscoveredin2003，butlittleprogress（10） （report）TeaenthusiastswillbewatchingHongyachawithinterest．Andotherswillwonderwhatelseisoutthere．
III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
15．（15分）AccordingtoGermannovelistHeinrichMann（1871﹣1950），ahousewithoutbooksislikearoomwithoutwindows．Mann（1） pointedoutthevalueofbooks，butsomeresearchershavefoundevidencethatpeoplewithbooksintheirhomesreallydogainawindowontheworld．
AnewstudyinthejournalSocialScienceResearch，publishinginOctober，suggeststhatpeoplewhogrowupwithmorebooksaremorelikelytohaveeducational（2）
，andtoachievemoreinlife，thanpeoplewhogrowupwithoutthem．Inthestudy，over160，000adultsfrom31countriesandregionswereaskedaboutthenumberofbookstherewereintheirhomeswhentheywere16yearsold．Thentheywere（3） inliteracy，numeracy（计算能力）andinformationcommunicationtechnology．
Theresearchshowsthatthenumberofbooksforeachhousehold（4） greatlyfromcountrytocountry．（5） ，thenumberofbooksis27inTurkey，143intheUKand218inEstonia．But"thetotal（6） ofhomelibrarysizeonliteracyarelargeeverywhere"，accordingtoresearcherJoannSikornofAustralianNationalUniversityinapaperbasedonthestudy．
Theresearcherfoundthatpeoplewhohadlowerlevelsofsecondaryeducationbuthadalargenumberofbooksathomegota（n）（7） scoreasuniversitygraduateswhogrewupwithonlyafewbooks．
TheGuardiannewspapercommentedthat"bookishadolescencemakesforagooddealofeducationaladvantage．"
"Readingbooksinayoungagecan（8） shortcomingsnotonlyinadultliteracybutalsonumeracy；itsimpactsare（9） toadditionalyearsofeducation．"SikoratoldScienceAlert．
Apartfromtheeducationalbenefits，growingupwithmorebooksalsoplaysanimportantroleinadultsuccess．
"Early（10） tobooksintheparentalhomemattersbecausebooksareanessentialpartofroutinesandpracticesthat（11） lifelongcognitive（认知的）abilities"，SikoratoldScienceAlert．Theseabilitiesare（12） tofuturedevelopment．
Withoutdoubt，thefactthatwearemovingtowardadigitaleracould（13） theimportanceofprintedbooks．Fornow，（14） ，"theystillseemto（15） quitealargepositivebenefit，whichshowsnosignofdecreasing"，researcherswroteinthepaper．
（1）A．simply
B．definitely
C．generally
D．randomly
（2）A．backgrounds
B．advantages
C．requirements
D．development
（3）A．estimated
B．examined
C．tested
D．investigated
（4）A．changes
B．alters
C．shifts
D．varies
（5）A．Bycomparison
B．Asaresult
C．Forinstance
D．Intotal
（6）A．effects
B．expenses
C．inputs
D．contributions
（7）A．higher
B．lower
C．average
D．similar
（8）A．makeupfor
Bbreakupwith
C．liveupto
D．catchupwith
（9）A．senior
B．essential
C．equal
D．familiar
（10）A．addition
B．engagement
C．devotion
D．exposure
（11）A．prove
B．demonstrate
C．enhance
D．acquire
（12）A．relevant
B．crucial
C．opposite
D．compulsory
（13）A．weaken
B．highlight
C．overestimate
D．reflect
（14）A．therefore
B．however
Cotherwise
D．likewise
（15）A．enjoy
B．obtain
C．maintain
D．reduce
SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
16．（8分）"Don'ttellanyone"．Wehearthesewordswhensomeonetellsasecrettous．Butitcanbehardtokeepasecret．We'reoftentemptedto"spillthebeans"，evenifweregretitlater．
AccordingtoAsimShah，professorintheMenningerDepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralSciencesatBaylorCollegeofMedicine，US，keepingasecretmaywell"becomeaburden"．Thisisbecausepeopleoftenhavean"obsessive（无法摆脱的）andanxiousurgetoshareitwithsomeone"．
Anearlierstudy，ledbyAnitaE．Kelly，ascientistattheUniversityofNotreDame，US，suggestedthatkeepingasecretcouldcausestress．Peopleentrustedwithsecretscansufferfromdepression，anxiety，andbodyaches，reportedtheDailyMail．
Butwithsecretssooftengettingout，whydopeoplesharethematall？Shahexplainedthatpeopleoftenfeelthatitwillhelpthemkeepapersonasafriend．Anotherreasonpeoplesharesecretsisguiltoverkeepingitfromsomeoneclosetothem．Asenseofdistrustcandevelopwhenpeoplewhoareclosedonotshareitwitheachother．"Keepingorsharingsecretsoftenputspeopleinapositionofeithergainingorlosingthetrustofsomeone．"accordingtoShah．
Headdedthattalkativepeoplecouldletsecretsslipout．Butthisdoesn'tmeanthatitisagoodideaonlytosharesecretswithquietpeople．Aquietpersonmaybesomeonewhokeepseverythinginside．Totellsuchapersonasecretmaycausethemstress，andmakethemtalkaboutthesecret．
Shahsaidthattojudgewhethertotellsomeoneasecret，you'dbetterputyourselfintheirposition．Thinkabouthowyouwouldfeeltobetoldthatyoumustn'tgivetheinformationaway．Shahalsorecommendedthatifyouaccidentallygiveupsomeone'ssecretyoushouldcomecleanaboutit．Letthepersonknowthattheirsecretisn'tsosecretanymore．
（1）Theunderlinedphrase"spillthebean"isclosestinmeaningto ．
A．letoutasecret
B．tellthetruth
C．eatourwords
D．takegossip
（2）Apersonwhoisentrustedwithasecret ．
A．isoftoftenobsessedwithacertainthreat
B．oftenwouldrathernothavebeentoldaboutit
C．usuallyhasastrongdesiretokeepituntildeath
D．maysufferfromphysicalorpsychologicalproblems
（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？
A．Quietpeoplearemorelikelytokeepthesecretstothemselves．
B．Sharingsecretshelpsestablishfriendshiporgetoverthesenseofguilt．
C．It'sbettertoinformothersofthechancesofyourleakingsecretsbeforehand．
D．Puttingyourselfinothers'shoeshelpsrealizethedifficultyofkeepingsecrets．
（4）What'sthebesttitleforthepassage？
A．Wallshaveears．
B．Stilltonguesmakewiseheads．
C．Awordspokenispastrecalling．
D．Everywallhasacrack．
17．（6分）DoesthethoughtofcookinganentireChristmasdinnerforfriendsandfamilymakeyoushudder？OurcookerywriterSophieGodwinhascreatedtheultimatesimplifiedmenuforastress﹣freeday．Witharangeoftime﹣savingtechniquesandshowstoppingflavourtwists，thisistheonlyfestivemenuyou'lleverneed．Embracetheartoftheshortcut!
Yourtimeplantoeatat2pm
Viewandprintourat﹣a﹣glanceinfographictimeplan．
?11amTakeyourturkeyoutofthefridge．
?11.30amHeattheoven．Preparetherosemarybutterandrubunderneaththeturkeyskin．
?12pmPuttheturkeyintheoventoroast．
?12.15pmBoilthepotatoesandrootvegetables．Maketheharissa&orangemarmaladeglaze．Choptheingredientsforthestuffingsprouts．
?1pmBastetheturkey，pourinthewhitewineandnestlecabbagewedgesaroundthebird．Returntotheoven．
?1.10pmPreparetheseparateingredientsforthemackerelstarter．
?1.25pmSmashtheroastiesandputthemintheoven．
?1.30pmChecktheturkey﹣takeouttorestiftheinternaltemperaturehasreached65C．
Returnthecabbagetotheoventofinishcooking．
?1.35pmTosstheroastedrootsintheharissaglaze，thenputintheoven．
?1.40pmMakethegravy，cookthesproutsandkeepwarm．
?2pmSitdowntothestarter，witheverythingforyourlunchreadytogo．
?Thedesserttakesjust10minutestoassemble，soyoucandoitonceyou'veenjoyedthemaincourse．
Buyyouringredients
We'vepre﹣loadedyourshoppinglistsothatyoucanquicklybuyallyouringredientsforthismenuinonego．Justclickbelowtobetakentoyourshoppinglist，whereyoucanbuyallyouringredientsfromyourpreferredsupermarket，andremoveanyingredientsasneeded，andevenprintthelist，tousedirectwhenshopping．（Serves6）
AddtoshoppingList
TheaboveshoppinglistispoweredbyWhisk．Pleasecheckyourlistthoroughlybeforepurchasing．Ifthesameitemsappearacrossdifferentrecipestheywillnotautomaticallycombineinyourlistandyou'llneedtodothismanually．PleasealsochecktheproductsthathavebeenselectedviatheWhiskprogram，asyoumaypreferadifferentbrandfromthatlisted．
（1）WhichsectionCAN'Twefindonthewebsite？
A．Classiccocktails
B．VegetarianChristmas
C．Roastcalculator
D．Wealthmanagement
（2）Howlongdoesittaketotoasttheturkey？
A．1hour
B．2hours
C．1.5hours
D．2.5hours
（3）WhichofthefollowingisTrue？
A．TheentireChristmasdinneriscomposedofaroastedturkeyanddessert．
B．Theautomatically﹣generatedshoppinglistisjustforuser'sreference．
C．Mostoftheingredientsontheshoppinglistcomefromthesamebrand．
D．YoucanbuyallyouringredientsonlinethroughWhiskybyoneclick．
18．（8分）You'rewalkingdownaquietstreetandsuddenlyyouhearsomefootsteps．Undoubtedly，itmeansthatthere'ssomeonearound．Buthaveyoueverwonderwhyitoccurstousthatit'ssomeoneelse'sfootsteps，notours？
AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalNatureinSeptember，thisphenomenonarisesfromafunctioninourbraintoignorethenoisewemakeourselves．
Inordertoexplorehowourbraindoesthis，agroupofscientistscarriedoutanexperimentwithmiceatDukeUniversity．Theresearchenteredonanintuition（直觉）﹣﹣﹣thatweareusuallyunawareofthesoundofourownfootsteps﹣﹣﹣asavehicleforunderstandinglargerneural（神经系统的）phenomena；howthisbehaviorrevealstheabilitytomonitor，recognize，andrememberthesoundofone'sownmovementsinrelationtothoseoftheirlargerenvironments．
Intheexperiment，researchcontrolledthesoundsofagroupofmicecouldhear，reportedScienceDaily．Duringthefirstseveraldays，themicewouldhearthesamesoundeachtimetheytookastep．Thiswasjustlike"runningonatinypianowitheachkeyplayingexactlythesamenote"，seniorstudyauthorRichardMooney，aprofessorofneurobiologyatDukeUniversity，toldLiveScience．
Scientistsfoundthattheirauditorycortex（听觉皮层）﹣theareaofthebrainthatprocessessound﹣becameactiveatfirstbutdecreaseditsresponsetothesoundaftertwoorthreeminuteswhenthemicebecamefamiliarwithit．
"It'salmostliketheywerewearingspecialheadphonesthatcouldfilter（过滤）outthesoundoftheirownmovements．"DavidSchneider，anassistantprofessorattheCenterforNeutralScienceatNewYorkUniversity，toldHuffPost．
Butoncethesoundchanged，theirauditorycortexbecameactiveagain．Thissuggeststhatthe"sensoryfilter"inamouse'sbraincouldhelpitdetectnewsoundsorabnormalnoiseintheenvironmenteasilyaftertuningoutfamiliarsounds．
"Formice，thisisreallyimportant，"saidSchneider．"Theyarepreyanimals，sotheyreallyneedtobeabletolistenforacatcreepinguponthem，evenwhenthey'rewalkingandmakingnoise．
Beingabletoignorethesoundsofone'sownmovementsislikelyimportantforhumansaswell．Buttheabilitytopredictthesoundsofourownactionsisalsoimportantformorecomplexhumanbehaviorssuchasspeakingorplayinganinstrument．
"Whenwelearntospeakortoplaymusic，wepredictwhatsoundswearegoingtohear﹣suchaswhenwepreparetostrikekeysonapiano﹣andwecomparethistowhatweactuallyhear，"explainsSchneider．"Weusemismatchesbetweenexpectationandexperiencetochangehowweplay﹣andwegetbetterovertimebecauseourbrainistryingtominimizetheseerrors．"
（1）Whatcanbediscoveredaboutmiceintheexperiment？
A．Theirbrainrespondsinactivelytothefamiliarsounds
B．Theyareabletodetectsoundsotheranimalsdon'tnotice．
C．Theycannotidentifydifferentsoundsexcepttheirownfootsteps．
D．Differentareasoftheirbrainareresponsiblefordifferentsounds．
（2）What'sthefunctionofthesensoryfilter？
A．Gettingusedtoabnormalorunfamiliarsounds．
B．Ignoringthesoundsmadebyourcompanions．
C．Identifyingthesoundsfromalargerenvironment
D．Beingsensitivetothesoundsofourownmovement．
（3）Whycanagoodsymphonyconductorimmediatelyrecognizeitwhenawrongnoteisplayed？
A．Hehastheabilitytomatchthewrongnotewiththeinstrumentplayer．
B．Hehasanintuitionthatheshouldignorethesoundofhisownmovement．
C．Hehasalowexpectationandknowswhereplayersarelikelytomakeerrors．
D．Hehasagoodpredictionofhoweachnoteshouldbeplayedintheorchestra．
（4）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage？
A．Noise﹣filteringabilityensuresusaquietandundisturbedenvironment．
B．Theabilitytoignorefamiliarnoiseshelpstodetectpotentialdangers．
C．Theactivenessofauditorycortexdeterminesouractivityperformance．
D．Sound﹣predictingabilityseemsnotsoimportantforhumansasforanimals．
ectionCDirections：Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.
19．（8分）A．Pronounsofferaninsightintowhetherpeopleseethemselvesasindividualsoraspartofawhole．
B．Ifyouarespeakinginapersoncontext，you'respeakingaboutsomethingthat'sofrelevancetoyou．C．Theirresearchalsofoundthat"we﹣talk"ishelpfulforresolvingconflicts．
D．Self﹣centeredpeoplearefoundtobeindifferenttomanythingsinsocietyandotherpeoplebecausealltheirconcentrationisonlyonthemselvesandtheirneeds．
E．Thisanalysisof"we﹣talk"suggestedthatthefrequentuseof"we"and"us"islinkedtohappierandhealthierrelationships．
F．Theyfoundthattoomuch"I﹣
talk"wasanaccuratelinguisticmarkerforthelikelihoodthatsomeoneisfeelingstressedorexperiencingnegativeemotions．
Buildingalastingsocialrelationship
Weallknowthatfriendsarespecialpeoplewhoweshareourliveswith，andwhosharetheirliveswithusinreturn．Butseekingfriendsandkeepingthefriendshipgoingarenevereasy．
AccordingtoresearchrecentlypublishedintheJournalofSocialandPersonalRelationships，thekeyistouse"we﹣talk"．
LedbyUniversityofCaliforniapsychologistMeganRobinsandhercolleagues，theresearchersreviewedandanalyzed30differentstudiesinvolvingover5，000participants．
（1） ．
Theword"we"movespeoplefromanindividualpositionintoapartnership，whichmakesusmoreinterdependent．"（2） ．Worduseisawindowintowhatpeoplearethinkingandfeelingwithoutaskingthem．"RobbinstoldScienceDaily．
（3） ．Theprimarypointisthatinterdependencemaybringaboutsupportiveandrelationship﹣centeredbehaviorsandpositiveperceptionsofthepartner﹣﹣especiallyimportantintimesofstressanddisagreement．
Contraryto"we﹣talk"，thereis"I﹣talk"，whichreferstothefrequentuseofthefirst﹣personsingularpronouns，suchas"I"，"me"and"mine"，whenwritingorspeaking．Earlierthisyear，researcheranalyzedasetofdatathatcamefrom4，7000peopleinGermanyandtheUS．（4） ．Asyoucanseefromthetwostudies，toomuch"I﹣talk"canmakeyoufeeldepressed．But"we﹣talk"canencourageyoutobecomemorepositiveandcreateachaineffectofhealthyinterdependencewithothers．
Sonexttimeyouaretalkingtoafriend，tryusingmore"we﹣talk"．Youmayfindyourselffeelingmorepositive﹣﹣andtheeffectitwillhaveonyourfriendwillbepositiveaswell．
IV.SummaryWriting
20．（10分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．
Whenwewakeupfeelingsleepyandwithdarkcirclesundereyes，manyofusoftenthink："I'mgoingtogotobedearliertomorrow!"Buthoweverdeterminedweare，chancesarethatwedon'tsticktoourpromise．Thisbehavioriscalled"bedtimeprocrastination（拖延症）"．
AccordingtoastudycarriedoutbyagroupofhealthpsychologistsatUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlandsin2014，bedtimeprocrastinationisacommonproblem．Intheirstudy，53percentofthe2，400participantssaidtheydidn'tfollowtheirsleepschedule，delayingitatleasttwiceaweek．
It'sfoundthattheydelayedbedtimenotbecausetheylikedtostayuplate，buttheycouldn'tstopdoingotherunimportantthings，whichwerekeepingthemupinthefirstplace．
"Peoplewhogenerallyhavetroubleresistingtemptationsandstickingtotheirintentionsaremorelikelytodelaygoingtobed．"FloorKroese，apsychologistatUtrechtUniversity，furtherexplainedtoHuffPost．
Yet，accordingtoscientists，lackofself﹣controlisnottheonlythingtoblame．Ourbodyclockalsoplaysanimportantrolewhenitcomestobedtime．Inordertochecktheinfluenceofthebodyclockonsleep，psychologistsatUlmUniversityinGermanystudiedthesleeppatternsof108peopleinFebruary．Itwasfoundthatthosewhogetuplatearemorelikelytopostponetheirbedtimethanthosewhowakeearlyeverymorning．
"Theintentiontogotobedearlierisnotenough，"JaneKuhnel，apsychologistatUlmUniversity，concludedinPopularScience．"Biologicalprocessesneedtosupportthisintention．"
Peoplealwaysthinkthatbedtimeprocrastinationisn'tabigproblem，butasKroesetoldPopularScience，"thechoiceswemakethataffectoutsleepcouldturnouttobeprettyimportantforourhealth．"
V.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.
21．（5分）无论幸福的定义如何变化，人们永远不会放弃追求幸福的权利．（right）
22．（5分）在团队精神的鼓舞下，研究小组的每个成员都为新项目做出了自己的贡献．（contribution）
23．（5分）越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的．
24．（5分）在人类身上使用基因编辑技术是非常危险的．它不仅违背了医学伦理道德，并且可能产生无法预知的后果．（Not）
VI.GuidedWriting
25．（20分）Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese．
请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际谈谈你的看法．
2019年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷
参考答案与试题解析
I.ListeningComprehension
1．（1.5分）A．Jobapplicants．
B．Universitystudents．
C．Newsreporters．
D．Publicspeakers．
【考点】15：短对话理解．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
2．（1.5分）A．﹩36．
B．﹩60．
C．﹩24．
D．﹩30
【考点】15：短对话理解．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
3．（1.5分）A．Nervous．
B．Excited．
C．Surprised．
D．Calm．
【考点】15：短对话理解．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
4．（1.5分）A．Theycanhardlyfindtimetodoexercise．
B．Bothofthemarefondofdoingexercise．
C．Doingexerciseisthelastthingthey'dliketodo．
D．Thewomandisagreestodoexercisewiththeman．
【考点】15：短对话理解．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
5．（1.5分）A．Studentandteacher．
B．Guestandreceptionist．
C．Customerandshopassistant．
D．Daughterandfather．
【考点】15：短对话理解．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
6．（1.5分）A．TheStudentUnion．
B．TheTutoringServiceCenter．
C．Herprofessor'soffice．
D．Hertutor'shome．
【考点】15：短对话理解．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
7．（1.5分）A．Thecoverageofnewspapers．
B．Thenatureofhumans．
C．Theincreaseofcrimerate．
D．Theimpactofmassmedia．
【考点】15：短对话理解．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
8．（1.5分）A．DoctorGreenisverybusyonMondays．
B．DoctorGreenforgottoputthemanontheschedule．
C．AnunexpectedpatientvisitedDoctorGreenlastMonday．
D．PatientscanusuallyseeDoctorGreenonschedule．
【考点】15：短对话理解．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
9．（1.5分）A．Sheisdisappointedwithhisdecision．
B．Sheiscrazyaboutgoingcampinginthetropicaljungle．
C．ShetriestopersuadethemannottogowithJerry．
D．Shesuggeststhemanreconsiderhisplan．
【考点】15：短对话理解．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
10．（1.5分）A．Becausehefavorsgoodsinphysicalstores．
B．Becauseheenjoystheofflineshoppingexperience．
C．Becausehedoesn'thavemuchmoney．
D．Becausehedoesn'tliketheshoppingfestival．
【考点】15：短对话理解．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
11．（4.5分）（1）A．Anumberofgiantratsarehiddeninthefieldsorforests．
B．Violentrobbersmaycomeoutandhurtinnocentcivilians．
C．Peoplemaystepontoalandmine（地雷）andgetinjured．
D．Otherroadshavealitterproblem，whichspoilsgoodmood．
（2）A．Itisararespeciesofrat．
B．Ithasagoodsenseofsmell．
C．Itsacrificesitslifetodetectdangers．
D．Itisterrifiedofexplosivedevice．
（3）13minutes
B．30minutes
C．40minutes
D．4days
【考点】16：长对话理解．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
12．（4.5分）（1）A．Itbansthesalesofsaltyandunhealthyfood．
B．Itsresidentslosealtogether100，000kgby2020．
C．Everyoneweighshimselfongiantscalesinpublic．
D．Localdoctorsmakepersonalizeddietsforeveryone
（2）A．Localpeoplesharehealthydietwitheachother．
B．Thousandsofresidentskickfootballtokeepslim．
C．Localrestaurantsuseoliveoiltoreplacebutter．
D．Governmentofficialspersevereinphysicalexercise．
（3）A．Studentsareencouragedtowalkorridetoschool
B．Studentsareallowedtoridebicyclesinschoollibraries．
C．Parentsareoffereddevicestomonitorchildren'swalkingtime．
D．Fruitsareprovidedforthosewhoareaddictedtoonlinegames．
【考点】16：长对话理解．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
13．（6分）（1）A．Neitherofthemcanfindasuitablegame．
B．Theyarebothenthusiasticaboutgames．
C．Goodgamescostalargeamountofmoney．
D．TheyoftengoDutchwhenbuyinggifts．
（2）A．Itincludesfantasyrole﹣playing．
B．Itdoesn'thaveanactualending．
C．Itisanexpensiveonlinegame．
D．Itissomethinglikearacinggame．
（3）A．Playershaveopportunitiestomakenewfriends．
B．Playerscanhaveface﹣to﹣facecommunication．
C．Playersmayberewardedwithdeliciousfood．
D．Playerscanstartthegameatanytimetheywant．
（4）A．Addvarietytotherecommendedgame．
B．Lookaroundtofindacheaperonlinegame．
C．Persuadethewomantochangehermind．
D．Trytofindanextraordinaryonlinegame．
【考点】16：长对话理解．
【分析】略
【解答】略
【点评】略
II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
14．（15分）
Anewlydiscoveredteaplantiscaffeine﹣free
Theworldlovesteaandsome3mtonsofteaareconsumedeveryyear．Teacanbegoodforhealth，asitcontainscompoundsthathelptolowercholesterol（胆固醇）andreducetheriskofheartdisease．Butthereisadownside．Teacontainscaffeinewhich，（1）
although itimprovesmentalalertness，canalsocauseanxiety，insomniaandotherproblems．
（2） What wouldbeagreeableisthatateaplantthatprovidesallthetasteandgoodnessbutwithlittleor（3） none ofthecaffeinehasbeenfound．LiangChenandJi﹣QiangJinoftheTeaResearchInstituteoftheChineseAcademyofAgriculturalScienceshavediscoveredjustsuchaplant（4） growing （grow）wildinaremoteareainFujianprovince，southernChina．（5） As theyreportintheJournalofAgriculturalandFoodChemistry，notonlyistheteaplantnaturallycaffeine﹣freebutitalsocontainsanumberofuniquemedicinalcompoundsthat，thelocalsbelieve，offerconsiderablehealthbenefits．
（6） Known （know）locallyasHongyacha，thenewlydiscoveredplantgrowsonlybetween700and1，000metres（7） above sealevelaroundahandfulofChinesevillages．
Nowtheresearchers（8） areexploring （explore）methodstoprotectHongyachainitsnaturalhabitatwhilefurtherstudiesarecarriedout．Itcantaketime﹣andsometimesitdoesnotwork﹣fornewplantvarieties（9） tobebred （breed）forcommercialuse．Apairofnaturallycaffeine﹣freecoffeeplantswerediscoveredin2003，butlittleprogress（10） hasbeenreported （report）TeaenthusiastswillbewatchingHongyachawithinterest．Andotherswillwonderwhatelseisoutthere．
【考点】N6：语法填空．
【分析】文章讲述了一种不含咖啡因的新茶叶被发现．
【解答】1．although．考查连词，although引导让步状语从句，虽然提高了精神警觉，故填although．
2．What，考查连词，该句是what引导的主语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填what．
3．none．考查代词，没有一种咖啡因被发现，表示没有任何一种，故填none．
4．growing．考查非谓语，grow与plant之间是动宾关系，故填growing作后置定语，故填growing．
5．As．考查连词，as引导定语从句，翻译成"正如，正像"，故填as．
6．Known．考查非谓语，beknownas：被称为，作为..被熟知，这里是过去分词做状语，故填known．
7．above．考查介词，海平线1000米以上，故填above．
8．areexploring．考查时态，根据now可知使用现在进行时，主语是复数，故填areexploring．
9．tobebred．考查语态，todo这里表将来，将来被培育的新品种，故填tobebred．
10．hasbeenreported．考查时态，但是没有报道任何进展，因为是进展做主语，故使用被动，表示动作的持续，故填hasbeenreported．
【点评】语法填空题是考查学生对语篇的理解能力和语言知识的应用能力．解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，充分考虑语境和上下文的联系．运用所掌握的词汇，语法等知识进行作答．
III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
15．（15分）AccordingtoGermannovelistHeinrichMann（1871﹣1950），ahousewithoutbooksislikearoomwithoutwindows．Mann（1） A pointedoutthevalueofbooks，butsomeresearchershavefoundevidencethatpeoplewithbooksintheirhomesreallydogainawindowontheworld．
AnewstudyinthejournalSocialScienceResearch，publishinginOctober，suggeststhatpeoplewhogrowupwithmorebooksaremorelikelytohaveeducational（2） B ，andtoachievemoreinlife，thanpeoplewhogrowupwithoutthem．Inthestudy，over160，000adultsfrom31countriesandregionswereaskedaboutthenumberofbookstherewereintheirhomeswhentheywere16yearsold．Thentheywere（3） C inliteracy，numeracy（计算能力）andinformationcommunicationtechnology．
Theresearchshowsthatthenumberofbooksforeachhousehold（4） D greatlyfromcountrytocountry．（5） C ，thenumberofbooksis27inTurkey，143intheUKand218inEstonia．But"thetotal（6） A ofhomelibrarysizeonliteracyarelargeeverywhere"，accordingtoresearcherJoannSikornofAustralianNationalUniversityinapaperbasedonthestudy．
Theresearcherfoundthatpeoplewhohadlowerlevelsofsecondaryeducationbuthadalargenumberofbooksathomegota（n）（7） D scoreasuniversitygraduateswhogrewupwithonlyafewbooks．
TheGuardiannewspapercommentedthat"bookishadolescencemakesforagooddealofeducationaladvantage．"
"Readingbooksinayoungagecan（8） A shortcomingsnotonlyinadultliteracybutalsonumeracy；itsimpactsare（9） C toadditionalyearsofeducation．"SikoratoldScienceAlert．
Apartfromtheeducationalbenefits，growingupwithmorebooksalsoplaysanimportantroleinadultsuccess．
"Early（10） D tobooksintheparentalhomemattersbecausebooksareanessentialpartofroutinesandpracticesthat（11） C lifelongcognitive（认知的）abilities"，SikoratoldScienceAlert．Theseabilitiesare（12） B tofuturedevelopment．
Withoutdoubt，thefactthatwearemovingtowardadigitaleracould（13） A theimportanceofprintedbooks．Fornow，（14） B ，"theystillseemto（15） C quitealargepositivebenefit，whichshowsnosignofdecreasing"，researcherswroteinthepaper．
（1）A．simply
B．definitely
C．generally
D．randomly
（2）A．backgrounds
B．advantages
C．requirements
D．development
（3）A．estimated
B．examined
C．tested
D．investigated
（4）A．changes
B．alters
C．shifts
D．varies
（5）A．Bycomparison
B．Asaresult
C．Forinstance
D．Intotal
（6）A．effects
B．expenses
C．inputs
D．contributions
（7）A．higher
B．lower
C．average
D．similar
（8）A．makeupfor
Bbreakupwith
C．liveupto
D．catchupwith
（9）A．senior
B．essential
C．equal
D．familiar
（10）A．addition
B．engagement
C．devotion
D．exposure
（11）A．prove
B．demonstrate
C．enhance
D．acquire
（12）A．relevant
B．crucial
C．opposite
D．compulsory
（13）A．weaken
B．highlight
C．overestimate
D．reflect
（14）A．therefore
B．however
Cotherwise
D．likewise
（15）A．enjoy
B．obtain
C．maintain
D．reduce
【考点】M6：人生感悟类阅读．
【分析】短文主要通过研究表明书对人们的文化程度、计算机能力和认知能力等都有积极的影响．
【解答】1﹣15ABCDCADACDCBABC
1．A．副词的辨析，simply简单地，definitely绝对地，generally一般而言，randomly随意地，Mann只是指出书的重要性而已，故答案为A．
2．B．名词的辨析，backgrounds背景，advantages优点，requirements要求，development发展，研究表明成长中有更多书的人更有可能有教育上的优势，故答案为B．
3．C．动词的辨析，estimated估计，examined检测，tested试验，investigated调查，接着这些人被测试他们的文化和计算机能力等，故答案为C．
4．D．动词的辨析，changes改变，alters改变，shifts改变，varies各异，研究表明家庭里的藏书不同国家间各异，故答案为D．
5．C．短语的辨析，Bycomparison相比之下，Asaresult结果，Forinstance例如，Intotal总共，一下列举了不同国家的例子，故答案为C．
6．A．名词的辨析，effects影响，expenses费用，inputs输入，contributions贡献，家庭的藏书对文化总的影响还是很大的，故答案为A．
7．D．形容词的辨析，higher更高的，lower更低的，average平均的，similar相似的，研究者发现受教育低但家里书很多的人跟教育程度高但书少的人获得的分数很相近，故答案为D．
8．A．短语的辨析，makeupfor弥补，breakupwith分离，liveupto履行，catchupwith赶上，年轻的时候读书能弥补文化上和计算能力上的缺点，故答案为A．
9．C．形容词的辨析，senior年老的，essential必要的，equal平等的，familiar熟悉的，此处指读书对人的影响等同于另外的受教育年限，故答案为C．
10．D．名词的辨析，addition另外，engagement约定，devotion致力，exposure接触，此处指早期在家里的成长接触书是非常重要的，故答案为D．
11．C．动词的辨析，prove证明，demonstrate展示，enhance增强，acquire习得，书对于增强人们一生的认知能力是有必要的，故答案为C．
12．B．形容词的辨析，relevant相关的，crucial决定性的，opposite相反的，compulsory义务的，这些能力对于将来的发展具有关键性的作用，故答案为B．
13．A．动词的辨析，weaken变弱，highlight强调，overestimate评价过高，reflect反映，毫无疑问我们现在生活的数码时代会使纸质书的重要性变弱，故答案为A．
14．B．副词的辨析，therefore所以，however然而，otherwise不然的话，likewise同样地，前后句子构成转折的关系，故答案为B．
15．C．动词的辨析，enjoy享受，obtain获得，maintain保持，reduce减少，直到现在，书似乎还是对人有积极的作用，故答案为C．
【点评】在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配．
SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
16．（8分）"Don'ttellanyone"．Wehearthesewordswhensomeonetellsasecrettous．Butitcanbehardtokeepasecret．We'reoftentemptedto"spillthebeans"，evenifweregretitlater．
AccordingtoAsimShah，professorintheMenningerDepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralSciencesatBaylorCollegeofMedicine，US，keepingasecretmaywell"becomeaburden"．Thisisbecausepeopleoftenhavean"obsessive（无法摆脱的）andanxiousurgetoshareitwithsomeone"．
Anearlierstudy，ledbyAnitaE．Kelly，ascientistattheUniversityofNotreDame，US，suggestedthatkeepingasecretcouldcausestress．Peopleentrustedwithsecretscansufferfromdepression，anxiety，andbodyaches，reportedtheDailyMail．
Butwithsecretssooftengettingout，whydopeoplesharethematall？Shahexplainedthatpeopleoftenfeelthatitwillhelpthemkeepapersonasafriend．Anotherreasonpeoplesharesecretsisguiltoverkeepingitfromsomeoneclosetothem．Asenseofdistrustcandevelopwhenpeoplewhoareclosedonotshareitwitheachother．"Keepingorsharingsecretsoftenputspeopleinapositionofeithergainingorlosingthetrustofsomeone．"accordingtoShah．
Headdedthattalkativepeoplecouldletsecretsslipout．Butthisdoesn'tmeanthatitisagoodideaonlytosharesecretswithquietpeople．Aquietpersonmaybesomeonewhokeepseverythinginside．Totellsuchapersonasecretmaycausethemstress，andmakethemtalkaboutthesecret．
Shahsaidthattojudgewhethertotellsomeoneasecret，you'dbetterputyourselfintheirposition．Thinkabouthowyouwouldfeeltobetoldthatyoumustn'tgivetheinformationaway．Shahalsorecommendedthatifyouaccidentallygiveupsomeone'ssecretyoushouldcomecleanaboutit．Letthepersonknowthattheirsecretisn'tsosecretanymore．
（1）Theunderlinedphrase"spillthebean"isclosestinmeaningto A ．
A．letoutasecret
B．tellthetruth
C．eatourwords
D．takegossip
（2）Apersonwhoisentrustedwithasecret D ．
A．isoftoftenobsessedwithacertainthreat
B．oftenwouldrathernothavebeentoldaboutit
C．usuallyhasastrongdesiretokeepituntildeath
D．maysufferfromphysicalorpsychologicalproblems
（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？ D
A．Quietpeoplearemorelikelytokeepthesecretstothemselves．
B．Sharingsecretshelpsestablishfriendshiporgetoverthesenseofguilt．
C．It'sbettertoinformothersofthechancesofyourleakingsecretsbeforehand．
D．Puttingyourselfinothers'shoeshelpsrealizethedifficultyofkeepingsecrets．
（4）What'sthebesttitleforthepassage？ D
A．Wallshaveears．
B．Stilltonguesmakewiseheads．
C．Awordspokenispastrecalling．
D．Everywallhasacrack．
【考点】O1：人物故事类．
【分析】本文章主要讲述了每个人都有秘密，每个人都会替别人保守秘密，可是心中的秘密过多是对身体不好的，会造成压力．同时秘密也不可能被永远保守，只要是发生了的事情总是会被他人知道的．
【解答】1．A．词义猜测题．根据文章第一段内容，"Don'ttellanyone"．Wehearthesewordswhensomeonetellsasecrettous．Butitcanbehardtokeepasecret．We'reoftentemptedto"spillthebeans"，evenifweregretitlater．"不要告诉任何人"．当有人告诉我们一个秘密时，我们会听到这些话．但是很难保守秘密．即使我们后来后悔了，我们也经常想把保守的秘密透露出去，结合选项，故选A．
2．D．细节题．根据文章第三段内容，Peopleentrustedwithsecretscansufferfromdepression，anxiety，andbodyaches．知道他人秘密、替他人保守秘密的人会患上抑郁症、焦虑症和身体疼痛．．结合选项，故选D．
3．D．推理题．根据文章最后一段内容，Shahsaidthattojudgewhethertotellsomeoneasecret，you'dbetterputyourselfintheirposition．Thinkabouthowyouwouldfeeltobetoldthatyoumustn'tgivetheinformationaway．由此可知，沙阿Shah说，要判断是否要告诉别人一个秘密，你最好把自己放在他们的位置上．想想当别人告诉你不要泄露这些信息时你会有什么感觉，要从自己的感受中体会到保守一个秘密的难度，结合选项，故选D．
4．D．主旨题．根据文章内容，主要讲述了每个人都有秘密，每个人都会替别人保守秘密，可是心中的秘密过多是对身体不好的，会造成压力．同时秘密也不可能被永远保守，只要是发生了的事情总是会被他人知道的．结合选项，故选D．
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．
17．（6分）DoesthethoughtofcookinganentireChristmasdinnerforfriendsandfamilymakeyoushudder？OurcookerywriterSophieGodwinhascreatedtheultimatesimplifiedmenuforastress﹣freeday．Witharangeoftime﹣savingtechniquesandshowstoppingflavourtwists，thisistheonlyfestivemenuyou'lleverneed．Embracetheartoftheshortcut!
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?12pmPuttheturkeyintheoventoroast．
?12.15pmBoilthepotatoesandrootvegetables．Maketheharissa&orangemarmaladeglaze．Choptheingredientsforthestuffingsprouts．
?1pmBastetheturkey，pourinthewhitewineandnestlecabbagewedgesaroundthebird．Returntotheoven．
?1.10pmPreparetheseparateingredientsforthemackerelstarter．
?1.25pmSmashtheroastiesandputthemintheoven．
?1.30pmChecktheturkey﹣takeouttorestiftheinternaltemperaturehasreached65C．
Returnthecabbagetotheoventofinishcooking．
?1.35pmTosstheroastedrootsintheharissaglaze，thenputintheoven．
?1.40pmMakethegravy，cookthesproutsandkeepwarm．
?2pmSitdowntothestarter，witheverythingforyourlunchreadytogo．
?Thedesserttakesjust10minutestoassemble，soyoucandoitonceyou'veenjoyedthemaincourse．
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We'vepre﹣loadedyourshoppinglistsothatyoucanquicklybuyallyouringredientsforthismenuinonego．Justclickbelowtobetakentoyourshoppinglist，whereyoucanbuyallyouringredientsfromyourpreferredsupermarket，andremoveanyingredientsasneeded，andevenprintthelist，tousedirectwhenshopping．（Serves6）
AddtoshoppingList
TheaboveshoppinglistispoweredbyWhisk．Pleasecheckyourlistthoroughlybeforepurchasing．Ifthesameitemsappearacrossdifferentrecipestheywillnotautomaticallycombineinyourlistandyou'llneedtodothismanually．PleasealsochecktheproductsthathavebeenselectedviatheWhiskprogram，asyoumaypreferadifferentbrandfromthatlisted．
（1）WhichsectionCAN'Twefindonthewebsite？ D
A．Classiccocktails
B．VegetarianChristmas
C．Roastcalculator
D．Wealthmanagement
（2）Howlongdoesittaketotoasttheturkey？ C
A．1hour
B．2hours
C．1.5hours
D．2.5hours
（3）WhichofthefollowingisTrue？ B
A．TheentireChristmasdinneriscomposedofaroastedturkeyanddessert．
B．Theautomatically﹣generatedshoppinglistisjustforuser'sreference．
C．Mostoftheingredientsontheshoppinglistcomefromthesamebrand．
D．YoucanbuyallyouringredientsonlinethroughWhiskybyoneclick．
【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读．
【分析】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要介绍了为朋友和家人烹饪整个圣诞晚餐的想法会让你不寒而栗吗？我们的烹饪作家SophieGodwin为无压力的一天创造了最终的简化菜单以及购买菜单中食材的方法．
【解答】1．D．推理判断题．根据文章倒数第二段We'vepre﹣loadedyourshoppinglistsothatyoucanquicklybuyallyouringredientsforthismenuinonego．可知，该网站是购买食材的，故我们在网站上找不到财富管理部分．故选D．
2．C．细节理解题．根据1pmBastetheturkey，pourinthewhitewineandnestlecabbagewedgesaroundthebird．以及1.30pmChecktheturkey﹣takeouttorestiftheinternaltemperaturehasreached65C可知，烤火鸡需要1.5小时．故选C．
3．B．细节理解题．根据倒数第二段Justclickbelowtobetakentoyourshoppinglist，whereyoucanbuyallyouringredientsfromyourpreferredsupermarket，andremoveanyingredientsasneeded，andevenprintthelist，tousedirectwhenshopping．可知，自动生成的购物清单仅供用户参考．故选B．
【点评】考查细节理解题和推理判断题．在做细节理解题时，首先根据题目要求迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语．认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
18．（8分）You'rewalkingdownaquietstreetandsuddenlyyouhearsomefootsteps．Undoubtedly，itmeansthatthere'ssomeonearound．Buthaveyoueverwonderwhyitoccurstousthatit'ssomeoneelse'sfootsteps，notours？
AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalNatureinSeptember，thisphenomenonarisesfromafunctioninourbraintoignorethenoisewemakeourselves．
Inordertoexplorehowourbraindoesthis，agroupofscientistscarriedoutanexperimentwithmiceatDukeUniversity．Theresearchenteredonanintuition（直觉）﹣﹣﹣thatweareusuallyunawareofthesoundofourownfootsteps﹣﹣﹣asavehicleforunderstandinglargerneural（神经系统的）phenomena；howthisbehaviorrevealstheabilitytomonitor，recognize，andrememberthesoundofone'sownmovementsinrelationtothoseoftheirlargerenvironments．
Intheexperiment，researchcontrolledthesoundsofagroupofmicecouldhear，reportedScienceDaily．Duringthefirstseveraldays，themicewouldhearthesamesoundeachtimetheytookastep．Thiswasjustlike"runningonatinypianowitheachkeyplayingexactlythesamenote"，seniorstudyauthorRichardMooney，aprofessorofneurobiologyatDukeUniversity，toldLiveScience．
Scientistsfoundthattheirauditorycortex（听觉皮层）﹣theareaofthebrainthatprocessessound﹣becameactiveatfirstbutdecreaseditsresponsetothesoundaftertwoorthreeminuteswhenthemicebecamefamiliarwithit．
"It'salmostliketheywerewearingspecialheadphonesthatcouldfilter（过滤）outthesoundoftheirownmovements．"DavidSchneider，anassistantprofessorattheCenterforNeutralScienceatNewYorkUniversity，toldHuffPost．
Butoncethesoundchanged，theirauditorycortexbecameactiveagain．Thissuggeststhatthe"sensoryfilter"inamouse'sbraincouldhelpitdetectnewsoundsorabnormalnoiseintheenvironmenteasilyaftertuningoutfamiliarsounds．
"Formice，thisisreallyimportant，"saidSchneider．"Theyarepreyanimals，sotheyreallyneedtobeabletolistenforacatcreepinguponthem，evenwhenthey'rewalkingandmakingnoise．
Beingabletoignorethesoundsofone'sownmovementsislikelyimportantforhumansaswell．Buttheabilitytopredictthesoundsofourownactionsisalsoimportantformorecomplexhumanbehaviorssuchasspeakingorplayinganinstrument．
"Whenwelearntospeakortoplaymusic，wepredictwhatsoundswearegoingtohear﹣suchaswhenwepreparetostrikekeysonapiano﹣andwecomparethistowhatweactuallyhear，"explainsSchneider．"Weusemismatchesbetweenexpectationandexperiencetochangehowweplay﹣andwegetbetterovertimebecauseourbrainistryingtominimizetheseerrors．"
（1）Whatcanbediscoveredaboutmiceintheexperiment？ A
A．Theirbrainrespondsinactivelytothefamiliarsounds
B．Theyareabletodetectsoundsotheranimalsdon'tnotice．
C．Theycannotidentifydifferentsoundsexcepttheirownfootsteps．
D．Differentareasoftheirbrainareresponsiblefordifferentsounds．
（2）What'sthefunctionofthesensoryfilter？ C
A．Gettingusedtoabnormalorunfamiliarsounds．
B．Ignoringthesoundsmadebyourcompanions．
C．Identifyingthesoundsfromalargerenvironment
D．Beingsensitivetothesoundsofourownmovement．
（3）Whycanagoodsymphonyconductorimmediatelyrecognizeitwhenawrongnoteisplayed？ D
A．Hehastheabilitytomatchthewrongnotewiththeinstrumentplayer．
B．Hehasanintuitionthatheshouldignorethesoundofhisownmovement．
C．Hehasalowexpectationandknowswhereplayersarelikelytomakeerrors．
D．Hehasagoodpredictionofhoweachnoteshouldbeplayedintheorchestra．
（4）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage？ B
A．Noise﹣filteringabilityensuresusaquietandundisturbedenvironment．
B．Theabilitytoignorefamiliarnoiseshelpstodetectpotentialdangers．
C．Theactivenessofauditorycortexdeterminesouractivityperformance．
D．Sound﹣predictingabilityseemsnotsoimportantforhumansasforanimals．
【考点】OB：人生感悟类阅读．
【分析】本文主要研究了人类忽视熟悉的噪音的能力，能够忽略自己动作的声音对人类来说很重要．
【解答】1．A．细节理解题．根据倒数第四段的句子：Thissuggeststhatthe"sensoryfilter"inamouse'sbraincouldhelpitdetectnewsoundsorabnormalnoiseintheenvironmenteasilyaftertuningoutfamiliarsounds．这表明老鼠大脑中的"感觉过滤器"可以帮助它在排除熟悉的声音后，很容易地检测到新的声音或环境中的异常噪音．所以A选项他们的大脑对熟悉的声音反应迟钝．是实验的结果，故选A．
2．C．推理判断题．根据倒数第五段的句子：It'salmostliketheywerewearingspecialheadphonesthatcouldfilter（过滤）outthesoundoftheirownmovements这就像他们戴着特殊的耳机，可以过滤掉自己运动的声音．可见这种过滤器可以识别大环境中的声音，所以选C．
3．D．推理判断题．根据倒数第二段句子；Beingabletoignorethesoundsofone'sownmovementsislikelyimportantforhumansaswell．Buttheabilitytopredictthesoundsofourownactionsisalsoimportant．能够忽略自己动作的声音对人类来说也很重要．但是预测自己动作声音的能力对于更复杂的人类行为来说也很重要，可见一个好的指挥家对在管弦乐队中如何演奏每个音符有很好的预测．故选D．
4．B．推理判断题．着时间的推移，根据第一段句子：You'rewalkingdownaquietstreetandsuddenlyyouhearsomefootsteps．Undoubtedly，itmeansthatthere'ssomeonearound．Buthaveyoueverwonderwhyitoccurstousthatit'ssomeoneelse'sfootsteps，notours？你走在一条安静的街道上，突然听到一些脚步声．毫无疑问，这意味着周围有人．但你有没有想过为什么我们会想到这是别人的脚步声，而不是我们的？可以判断出如果人类有忽视熟悉噪音的能力，有助于发现潜在危险，所以选B．
【点评】阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．
ectionCDirections：Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.
19．（8分）A．Pronounsofferaninsightintowhetherpeopleseethemselvesasindividualsoraspartofawhole．
B．Ifyouarespeakinginapersoncontext，you'respeakingaboutsomethingthat'sofrelevancetoyou．C．Theirresearchalsofoundthat"we﹣talk"ishelpfulforresolvingconflicts．
D．Self﹣centeredpeoplearefoundtobeindifferenttomanythingsinsocietyandotherpeoplebecausealltheirconcentrationisonlyonthemselvesandtheirneeds．
E．Thisanalysisof"we﹣talk"suggestedthatthefrequentuseof"we"and"us"islinkedtohappierandhealthierrelationships．
F．Theyfoundthattoomuch"I﹣talk"wasanaccuratelinguisticmarkerforthelikelihoodthatsomeoneisfeelingstressedorexperiencingnegativeemotions．
Buildingalastingsocialrelationship
Weallknowthatfriendsarespecialpeoplewhoweshareourliveswith，andwhosharetheirliveswithusinreturn．Butseekingfriendsandkeepingthefriendshipgoingarenevereasy．
AccordingtoresearchrecentlypublishedintheJournalofSocialandPersonalRelationships，thekeyistouse"we﹣talk"．
LedbyUniversityofCaliforniapsychologistMeganRobinsandhercolleagues，theresearchersreviewedandanalyzed30differentstudiesinvolvingover5，000participants．
（1） E ．
Theword"we"movespeoplefromanindividualpositionintoapartnership，whichmakesusmoreinterdependent．"（2） A ．Worduseisawindowintowhatpeoplearethinkingandfeelingwithoutaskingthem．"RobbinstoldScienceDaily．
（3） C ．Theprimarypointisthatinterdependencemaybringaboutsupportiveandrelationship﹣centeredbehaviorsandpositiveperceptionsofthepartner﹣﹣especiallyimportantintimesofstressanddisagreement．
Contraryto"we﹣talk"，thereis"I﹣talk"，whichreferstothefrequentuseofthefirst﹣personsingularpronouns，suchas"I"，"me"and"mine"，whenwritingorspeaking．Earlierthisyear，researcheranalyzedasetofdatathatcamefrom4，7000peopleinGermanyandtheUS．（4） F ．Asyoucanseefromthetwostudies，toomuch"I﹣
talk"canmakeyoufeeldepressed．But"we﹣talk"canencourageyoutobecomemorepositiveandcreateachaineffectofhealthyinterdependencewithothers．
Sonexttimeyouaretalkingtoafriend，tryusingmore"we﹣talk"．Youmayfindyourselffeelingmorepositive﹣﹣andtheeffectitwillhaveonyourfriendwillbepositiveaswell．
【考点】PF：选句填空．
【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了如何建立一种持久的社会关系，朋友是我们共同生活的特殊人．他们与我们分享他们的生活．但寻找朋友和保持友谊绝非易事．
【解答】1．E．推理判断题．根据文章前文LedbyUniversityofCaliforniapsychologistMeganRobinsandhercolleagues，theresearchersreviewedandanalyzed30differentstudiesinvolvingover5，000participants由加州大学心理学家梅根?罗宾斯和她的同事领导，研究人员对30项不同的研究进行了回顾和分析，涉及超过5项；可知交谈"表明，频繁使用"我们"和"我们"与更幸福、更健康的关系有关；故选E．
2．A．推理判断题．根据前文Theword"we"movespeoplefromanindividualpositionintoapartnership，whichmakesusmoreinterdependent我们"这个词将人们从个人职位转移到合伙企业，罗宾斯告诉"科学日报"；可知代词有助于洞察人们是把自己看作是个人还是整体的一部分；故选A．
3．C．推理判断题．根据后文Theprimarypointisthatinterdependencemaybringaboutsupportiveandrelationship﹣centeredbehaviorsandpositiveperceptionsofthepartner﹣﹣especiallyimportantintimesofstressanddisagreement最主要的一点是，相互依存可能会带来支持性、以关系为中心的行为以及对伴侣的积极看法﹣尤其重要的是在压力和分歧的时候．可知他们的研究还发现，"我们﹣交谈"有助于解决冲突；故选C．
4．F．推理判断题．根据后文Asyoucanseefromthetwostudies，toomuch"I﹣talk"canmakeyoufeeldepressed从这两项研究可以看出，太多的"I﹣
Talk"会让你感到沮丧，但是"我们交谈"会鼓励你变得更加积极，并创造出与他人健康相互依存的连锁效应．可知他们发现，过多的"I﹣Talk"是一个准确的语言标记，可以反映某人感到压力或经历负面情绪的可能性；故选F
【点评】考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
IV.SummaryWriting
20．（10分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．
Whenwewakeupfeelingsleepyandwithdarkcirclesundereyes，manyofusoftenthink："I'mgoingtogotobedearliertomorrow!"Buthoweverdeterminedweare，chancesarethatwedon'tsticktoourpromise．Thisbehavioriscalled"bedtimeprocrastination（拖延症）"．
AccordingtoastudycarriedoutbyagroupofhealthpsychologistsatUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlandsin2014，bedtimeprocrastinationisacommonproblem．Intheirstudy，53percentofthe2，400participantssaidtheydidn'tfollowtheirsleepschedule，delayingitatleasttwiceaweek．
It'sfoundthattheydelayedbedtimenotbecausetheylikedtostayuplate，buttheycouldn'tstopdoingotherunimportantthings，whichwerekeepingthemupinthefirstplace．
"Peoplewhogenerallyhavetroubleresistingtemptationsandstickingtotheirintentionsaremorelikelytodelaygoingtobed．"FloorKroese，apsychologistatUtrechtUniversity，furtherexplainedtoHuffPost．
Yet，accordingtoscientists，lackofself﹣controlisnottheonlythingtoblame．Ourbodyclockalsoplaysanimportantrolewhenitcomestobedtime．Inordertochecktheinfluenceofthebodyclockonsleep，psychologistsatUlmUniversityinGermanystudiedthesleeppatternsof108peopleinFebruary．Itwasfoundthatthosewhogetuplatearemorelikelytopostponetheirbedtimethanthosewhowakeearlyeverymorning．
"Theintentiontogotobedearlierisnotenough，"JaneKuhnel，apsychologistatUlmUniversity，concludedinPopularScience．"Biologicalprocessesneedtosupportthisintention．"
Peoplealwaysthinkthatbedtimeprocrastinationisn'tabigproblem，butasKroesetoldPopularScience，"thechoiceswemakethataffectoutsleepcouldturnouttobeprettyimportantforourhealth．"
【考点】R5：读写任务作文．
【分析】高分句型一：Psychologistsreachedtheconclusionbyfollowingparticipants'sleepscheduleandstudyingsleeppatterns．
译文：心理学家通过跟踪参与者的睡眠时间表和研究睡眠模式得出结论．
分析：这句话使用动名词．
高分句型二：Theywarnthatbedtimeprocrastinationispotentiallybadforhealth．
译文：他们警告说，睡前拖延可能对健康有害．
分析：这句话使用that引导宾语从句．
【解答】TwostudiescarriedoutseparatelyinNetherlandsandGermanyfindthatlackofself﹣controlandtheinfluenceofbodyclockonsleeparetoblamefor"bedtimeprocrastination"，thebehaviorofdelayinggoingtobed．（要点Psychologistsreachedtheconclusionbyfollowingparticipants'sleepscheduleandstudyingsleeppatterns．（高分句型一）（要点二）Theywarnthatbedtimeprocrastinationispotentiallybadforhealth．（高分句型二）（要点三）
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来．动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．
V.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.
21．（5分）无论幸福的定义如何变化，人们永远不会放弃追求幸福的权利．（right） Nomatterhowhappinesschangesindefinition，peoplewillnevergiveuptheirrighttopursuehappiness．
【考点】Q2：汉译英．
【分析】无论幸福的定义如何变化，人们永远不会放弃追求幸福的权利．
【解答】
答案：Nomatterhowhappinesschangesindefinition，peoplewillnevergiveuptheirrighttopursuehappiness根据句意和所给部分可知这里使用nomatterhow引导让步状语从句，giveup放弃．
【点评】对于汉译英，解题前应快速浏览句子掌握大意，在读懂句子的基础上，结合提供的特定的语言环境去分析．要解决好该题型，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．
22．（5分）在团队精神的鼓舞下，研究小组的每个成员都为新项目做出了自己的贡献．（contribution） Inspiredbytheteamspirit，everymemberoftheresearchgroupmadehiscontributionstothenewproject．
【考点】Q2：汉译英．
【分析】在团队精神的鼓舞下，研究小组的每个成员都为新项目做出了自己的贡献．
【解答】答案：Inspiredbytheteamspirit，everymemberoftheresearchgroupmadehiscontributionstothenewproject．根据句意和所给部分可知这里使用过去分词作状语，makecontributionsto对…做出贡献．
【点评】对于汉译英，解题前应快速浏览句子掌握大意，在读懂句子的基础上，结合提供的特定的语言环境去分析．要解决好该题型，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．
23．（5分）越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的． Moreandmorepeoplesufferfrommentalproblems，whichresultsfromtheincreasingpressureinlife．
【考点】Q2：汉译英．
【分析】越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的．
【解答】答案：Moreandmorepeoplesufferfrommentalproblems，whichresultsfromtheincreasingpressureinlife．根据句意和所给部分可知这里使用动词短语sufferfrom意为"遭受"，which引导非限制性定语从句，resultfrom源自．
【点评】对于汉译英，解题前应快速浏览句子掌握大意，在读懂句子的基础上，结合提供的特定的语言环境去分析．要解决好该题型，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．
24．（5分）在人类身上使用基因编辑技术是非常危险的．它不仅违背了医学伦理道德，并且可能产生无法预知的后果．（Not） Usinggeneticeditingtechnologyonhumansisrisky．Notonlyisitagainstmedicalethics/morality，butalsoitcouldleadtounforeseenconsequences．
【考点】Q2：汉译英．
【分析】在人类身上使用基因编辑技术是非常危险的．它不仅违背了医学伦理道德，并且可能产生无法预知的后果．
【解答】答案：Usinggeneticeditingtechnologyonhumansisrisky．Notonlyisitagainstmedicalethics/morality，butalsoitcouldleadtounforeseenconsequences．根据句意和所给部分可知这里使用notonly…butalso…，notonly后面的句子用倒装，butalso后面的不倒装．
【点评】对于汉译英，解题前应快速浏览句子掌握大意，在读懂句子的基础上，结合提供的特定的语言环境去分析．要解决好该题型，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．
VI.GuidedWriting
25．（20分）Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese．
请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际谈谈你的看法．
【考点】R3：图画类．
【分析】高分句型一：Somepeoplethinksuccessissimpleanddirect，whileinfact，thewaytosuccessistwistanditneedshardwork．
译文：有些人认为成功是简单而直接的，而事实上，成功的途径是曲折的，它需要努力工作．
分析：这句话使用while连接并列句，表示对比关系．
高分句型二：Itisnecessaryforyoutosumupyourexperienceconstantlyandimprovetheefficiencyofyourwork．
译文：你必须不断总结经验，提高工作效率．
分析：这句话使用it作形式主语，不定式内容是真正的主语．
【解答】Asisshowninthepassage，differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutsuccess．Somepeoplethinksuccessissimpleanddirect，whileinfact，thewaytosuccessistwistanditneedshardwork．【高分句型一】（图画内容）
Inmyopinion，inordertobecomesuccessful，youshouldfirstofallbebothperseverantandhardworking．Asyouknow，whateveryoudo，therearealwaystwopossibleresults：successandfailure．Whenyoufail，youshouldneverloseheart．Onthecontrary，youmustbuildupyourconfidenceandworkevenharder．Youshouldalwayskeepinmindthatperseveranceisthemotherofsuccessandindustryisthekeytoit．Inaddition，youshouldpaygreatattentiontoyourworkmethod．Itisnecessaryforyoutosumupyourexperienceconstantlyandimprovetheefficiencyofyourwork．【高分句型二】Finally，itisimportantforyoutogetalongwellwithyourco﹣workers，careforeachotherandhelpeachother．Ifyoufollowtheseprinciples，youwillcertainlyachieveremarkablesuccessinthefuture．（自己的看法）
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来．动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．
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