高考英语一轮复习自选训练 阅读理解34 6页

‎2019届高考英语一轮复习自选训练 阅读理解34‎ Experiments aboard the spaceship Columbia have disproved a theory on the human nervous system which won an Austrian professor a Nobel prize 79 years ago.‎ West German astronaut Ulf Merbold disproved the theory during tests aboard the spaceship yesterday. His discovery is connected with the workings of the inner ear, the body’s balance mechanism(机制).‎ In l914 Professor Robert Barany won the Nobel prize for Physiology(生理学) and Medicine when he announced that temperature differences affected the inner ear and caused the eyes to blink(眨眼). His theory was accepted by scientists.‎ But Merbold carried out tests to find if the theory was correct and shocked himself and space officials when he proved it wrong.‎ According to Barany’s theory the eyes would blink when cold air was blown into one ear and hot air blown into the other.‎ But if this theory was correct such a movement would be impossible in zero gravity.‎ Both Merbold’s eyes continually blinked when the test was carried out.‎ ‎1. Tests were carried out in outer space in order to _______.‎ ‎ A. find what causes the eyes to blink　　‎ B. shock the world C. prove the theory 　　　　　　　　‎ D. disprove the theory ‎2. Barany’s theory declared to prove _______.‎ A. how our hearing mechanism works　　　　‎ B. why we constantly move our eyes C. that eye movement is affected by temperature　　‎ D. how hearing reacts(反应)‎ ‎3. Barany’s theory was proved incorrect in space by the effects of _______.‎ A. having no weight B. having no air　　‎ C. the pull of gravity D. hot and cold air streams ‎(1—3 CCA)‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文报道西德的宇航员通过实验证明79年前Nobel prize得主Barany教授的理论错误。‎ ‎1. C。细节题。根据第4段第1句Merbold carried out tests to find if the theory was correct可推知此题答案为C。‎ ‎2. C。细节题。根据第4段第1句temperature differences affected the inner ear and caused the eyes to blink(眨眼)可推知此题答案为C。‎ ‎3. A。细节题。根据一般常识，在太空中是没有地球引力以及文章倒数第2段中的 zero gravity 可推知此题答案为A。‎ ‎*********************************************************结束 ‎ (2)‎ Japanese students work very bard but many are unhappy. They feel heavy pressures(压力) from their parents. Most students are always told by their parents to study harder and better so that they can have a wonderful life in the future. Though this may be a good idea for those very bright students, it can have terrible results for many students who are not gifted(有天赋的) enough. Many of them have tried very hard at school but have failed in the exams and have their parents lose hope. Such students felt that they are hated by everyone else they meet and they don’t want to go to school any longer. They become dropouts.‎ It is surprising that though most Japanese parents are worried about their children, they do not help them in any way. Many parents feel that they are not able to help their children and that it is the teachers’ work to help their children. To make matters worse, a lot of parents serif their children to those schools opening in the evenings and on weekends — they only help the students to pass the exams and never teach them any real sense of the world.‎ Many Japanese schools usually have rules about everything from the students’ hair to their clothes and things in their school bags. Child psychologists(心理学家) now think that such strict rules are harmful to the feelings of the students. Almost 40% of the students said that no one had taught them how to get on with others, how to tell right from wrong and how to show love and care for others, even for their parents.‎ ‎1. “Dropouts” are those who _______.‎ A. make troubles in and out of schools B. go about or stay home instead of being at school C. try hard but always fails in the exams D. lose hope and give up some of their subjects ‎2. According to the passage, it’s necessary to teach students _______.‎ A. how to study well B. how to get on with others C. to show love and care for others D. All above ‎3. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?‎ A. The Trouble in Japanese Schools B. The Problems of Japanese Students C. Education in ‎Japan D. The Pressures on the Students in Japan ‎ ‎【答案与解析】这是一篇关于日本学生所受到的沉重的压力的文章。家长的过高期望，日本学校严格的制度都使得一些学生丧失了上学的兴趣，甚至不懂得如何和他人相处。‎ ‎1. B。词义锖测题。根据 Such students felt that they are hated by everyone else they meet and they don’t want to go to school any longer(这样的学生觉得他们被所有认识的人讨厌，他们不想再去学校)可推知答案为 B。‎ ‎2. D。细节题。由第2段的最后一句我们知道：They only help the students to pass the exam，所以 … teach students how to study well 是必要的，而第3段最后一句也说 no one taught them how to get on with others，即A、B、C皆是正确的，故选 D。‎ ‎3. D。主旨题。这是文章主旨题。由全文看来，每一段都脱离不了“学生所受到的压力”这个中心，所以“日本学生的压力”是最适合的标题。‎ ‎*******************************************************结束 ‎ (3)‎ If you wish to become a better reader, here are four important things to remember about reading rate:‎ ‎● Knowing why you are reading or what you are reading to find out will often help you to know whether to read rapidly or slowly.‎ ‎● Some things should be read slowly throughout. Examples are directions for making or doing something, arithmetic problems, science and history books, which are full of important ‎ information. You must read such things slowly to remember each important step and understand each important ideas.‎ ‎● Some things should be read rapidly throughout. Examples are simple stories meant for enjoyment, news letters from friends, pieces of news from local, or home-town, papers, telling what is happening to friends and neighbors.‎ ‎● In some of your reading, you must change your speed from fast to slow and slow to fast, as you go along. You will need to read certain pages rapidly and then slow down and do more careful reading when you come to important ideas which must be remembered.‎ ‎1. The underlined word "rate" in the first sentence means _______.‎ A. fast B. slow C. speed D. skill ‎2. Which should be read slowly according to the passage?‎ A. Stories for enjoyment B. Arithmetic problems C. Letters from friends D. News from hometown newspapers ‎3. How fast should we read?‎ A. The faster, the better. B. The more slowly, the better.‎ C. Neither too fast nor too slow. D. It depends on what we are reading.‎ ‎4. According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?‎ A. Read slowly when you are reading something important to you.‎ B. Read fast when you are reading something unimportant to you.‎ C. Read the materials that you are interested in slowly.‎ D. Read the materials that you are interested in fast.‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文说明读书时要注意效率，有的东西要仔细阅读，而有的只要快速浏览一下。‎ ‎1. C。推断题。文中各点讲的都是读书的速度问题，所以 reading rate 意为“读书的速度”，即是 rate 是“速度”的意思，因此答案为 C。‎ ‎2. B。细节题。根据 Examples are directions for making or doing something, arithmetic problems… 可知此题答案为 B。‎ ‎3. D。判断题。通过阅读全文可知：有的东西需要仔细读，而有的快速浏览一下就行，是慢读还是快读取决于所读的内容，所以此题答案为 D。‎ ‎4. D。推断题。通过阅读全文和平时的常识可知对于你感兴趣的材料一定会读得仔细，所以 ‎ D 的说法是错误的，因此此题答案为 D。‎ ‎*******************************************************结束 ‎ (4)‎ One hot night last August, I tried everything I could think of — a warm bottle, songs etc. to make him fall into sleep, but he just couldn’t do it. Since I believed that a long night was waiting for me ahead, I had no choice but to bring a TV into his room to kill off the hours until dawn. I was surprised that the moment I turned on the TV the baby became quiet right away and fixed his little eyes brightly on the screen. Not willing to waste an opportunity for sleep, I then tiptoed out of the room, leaving him to watch the boring TV programs. ‎ I heard no more of the baby’s crying that night and the next morning when I went into his room, I found him still watching TV by himself. I found there was a metaphor(暗喻) in my baby’s behavior(行为) for the new generation. When I gave my boy some books to go over, he only spit upon them; when I read to him, he did not feel comfortable. And so it is in the schools with my students. I find that our students don’t read and they look down upon reading and make light of those of us who teach it. All they want to do is watch TV. After this experience with the baby, however, I have drawn a conclusion: “Let them watch it!” If television is that much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight against it? Let them watch what they want！ ‎ ‎1. Why did the father bring a TV set into his son’s room? ‎ A. To enjoy some interesting programs together with his son. ‎ B. To help himself pass the long hours ahead of him. ‎ C. To help his son fall asleep sooner. ‎ D. To keep his son from making noises. ‎ ‎2. The baby seemed to be ______ at the sight of the TV set. ‎ A. excited B. surprised C. bored D. pleased ‎ ‎3. This experience with his baby helped the father ______.‎ A. to know his baby better ‎ B. to know better how to educate his students ‎ C. to change his opinions towards TV ‎ D. to know better about the new generation ‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文记述了通过孩子看电视一事，作者反思了对孩子们的教育问题。‎ ‎1. B。细节题。根据文章第1段第2句to bring a TV into his room to kill off the hours可推知此题答案为B。‎ ‎2. A。推断题。根据文章第1段倒数第2句fixed his little eyes brightly on the screen及第2段第1句I found him still watching TV by himself可推知此题答案为A。‎ ‎3. D。推断题。根据文章第2段第2句I found there was a metaphor(暗喻) in my baby’s behavior(行为) for the new generation可推知此题答案为D。‎ ‎******************************************************结束