2014年版高考英语二轮复习随堂达标测试17 10页

限时精练五45分钟综合性过关小练习(二)‎ 注意事项:‎ ‎1. 答题前,考生务必将学校、班级、姓名写在密封线内。‎ ‎2. 请将选择题的答案根据老师批改需要填写在试卷第3页所附的答题栏内。‎ 一、 阅读理解 请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。‎ A If the eyes are the romantic’s window into the soul, then the teeth are an anthropologist’s(人类学家) door to the stomach. ‎ In a study published recently in the journal Science, Peter Ungar of the University of Arkansas and his partner, Matt Sponheimer of the University of Colorado, US, examined the teeth of ancient human beings to find out what they were really eating.‎ They already knew that different foods cause different marks on teeth. Some cause scratches, while others cause pits(坑). The carbon left on teeth by different foods is also different. Tropical grasses, for example, leave one kind of carbon, but trees and bushes leave another kind because they photosynthesize(进行光合作用) differently.‎ Traditionally, scientists had looked at the size and shape of teeth and skulls(头骨) to figure out what early humans ate. Big flat teeth were taken to be signs that they ate nuts and seeds, while hard and sharp teeth seemed good for cutting meat and leaves. But this was proved wrong.‎ The best example was the Paranthropus(傍人属类人猿), one of our close cousins, some of whom lived in eastern Africa. Scientists used to believe that they ate nuts, fruits and seeds because they had big crests(突起) on their skulls, ‎ suggesting that they had large chewing muscles and big teeth. If this had been true, their teeth should have been covered with pits like the surface of the moon. They would also have had a particular type of carbon on their teeth that typically comes from tree products, such as nuts and seeds.‎ However, when the two scientists studied the Paranthropus, it turned out to have none of these characteristics. The teeth had a different kind of carbon, and were covered with scratches, not pits. This suggested they probably ate grass, not nuts and seeds. It was the exact opposite of what people had expected to find.‎ Carbon “footprints” give us a completely new and different understanding of what different species ate and the different environments they lived in. If a certain species had the kind of carbon on its teeth that came from grasses, it probably lived on tropical grassland, for example.‎ ‎(　　)1. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 probably means that anthropologists can 　　　　. ‎ A. know the structure of human stomachs by studying their teeth B. find out the diet of early humans by studying their teeth C. learn whether humans were healthy by looking at their teeth D. get the most useful information about humans from their teeth ‎(　　)2. According to Paragraphs 3—5, which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A. Pits on teeth are caused by eating grass or leaves.‎ B. Scratches on teeth are caused by eating nuts or seeds.‎ C. Different foods leave different marks and carbon on teeth.‎ D. Early humans with hard and sharp teeth ate meat and leaves.‎ ‎(　　)3. The example of the Paranthropus was mentioned in order to tell us 　　　　. ‎ A. they were one of our close cousins living in eastern Africa B. living environment makes a difference to skull structure C. they had different eating habits from other humans D. the size and shape of teeth don’t show accurately what early humans ate ‎(　　)4. Which of the following structures shows the best organization of the article?‎ ‎[CP: Central Point　　Para.: Paragraph　　P: Point　　Sp: Sub-point(次要点)　　C: Conclusion]‎ ‎　　　　　‎ A 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B ‎　　　　　　‎ C 　　　　　　　　　　　　　D B Deception(骗术) is something that people do all the time, and it plays an important role in military(军事的) strategy. Now some researchers are trying to ‎ figure out how to get robots to do it by looking at the behavior of squirrels and birds.‎ At Georgia Tech, a team led by Ronald Arkin, a professor at the School of Interactive Computing, studied the literature on squirrels hiding their acorns(橡果). Squirrels will hide their food in a certain place, but when they see other squirrels trying to steal from them, they attempt to fool the thieves by running to a false location.‎ Ronald Arkin and his PhD student Jaeeun Shim used that as a model for robot behavior. They programmed the robot into tricking a “predator(捕食者)” machine by doing what a squirrel does: showing the enemy a false location for an important resource.‎ The team also looked at how other animals—in this case, a species of bird called Arabian babbler—drive off predators. A babbler will make an alarm call when they see a predator and other babblers will join the bird and make more calls. They then surround the predator, all the while flapping(拍打) wings and making noises. The babblers don’t ever actually fight the animal they want to drive off; they just make enough noises and flaps around enough so that it seems that attacking a babbler isn’t worth it.‎ They found that the deception works when the group reaches a certain size—essentially, when enough birds arrive to convince the enemy that it’s best to back off. Davis modeled that behavior in software using a military scene and found that it worked even if the group didn’t have the firepower to confront the enemy directly.‎ The military is interested in this because a robot that can fool an opponent is a valuable tool. It could lead an enemy down a false trail or make itself look more dangerous than it actually is.‎ ‎(　　)5. Why does the military want to take advantage of squirrels’ trick?‎ A. It can reduce the use of firepower to confront the enemy.‎ B. It can fool the enemy into believing it is more dangerous.‎ C. It can lead the enemy in a wrong direction to avoid losing resources.‎ D. It can scare the enemy away who wants to destroy the acorns.‎ ‎(　　)6. Which of the following is NOT the way Arabian babblers drive off predators?‎ A. One bird makes an alarm call and other birds will join it.‎ B. They fight the enemy bravely face to face.‎ C. They make noises and flaps around the predator.‎ D. They force the predator aware that it isn’t worthwhile to attack.‎ ‎(　　)7. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Animals’ behaviors are researched to be applied to the study of military robots.‎ B. Robots’ fooling tricks are applied to the study of animals’ behaviors.‎ C. Birds and squirrels are the animals that are good at deception.‎ D. Researchers are interested in animals’ military-related behaviors.‎ 二、 任务型阅读 请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。‎ 注意:每个空格只填1个单词。‎ There are many destructive(破坏性的) forces when it comes to nature, which have destroyed whole cities and killed many people. They’re really terrible, but they occur somewhat often, and this is why you see so many charities these days which focus their efforts on helping people who have been affected by natural disasters.‎ While the world is a very beautiful place to live in, there will always be parts of the world where natural disasters happen more often than in other places, where ‎ properties and lives are destroyed. Only the people who live in the country where tsunamis and earthquakes as well as other disasters occur experience these, and we can only imagine the suffering that they go through.‎ For some people out there, the world is cruel, but they have no choice but to stay where they are. A lot of the time people simply cannot afford to move away, as they might not be able to get a job when they leave.‎ In 2004, there was a tsunami in the Indian Ocean. A tsunami is a large wave that towers hundreds of feet into the air, and covers whole areas when it comes crashing down on to dry land. This particular tsunami was caused by an earthquake that happened in the middle of the sea, shooting the water away from the ground and towards dry land. This tsunami actually reached thirty meters in height, and was one of the worst tidal waves the world has ever seen. Over 200,000 people were hurt in the disaster.‎ In 2005, we also saw a hurricane happened in the United States. This hurricane was known as hurricane Katrina, and is perhaps the worst in the history of the world. It happened in 2005 and destroyed millions of properties in the area. It also took the lives of nearly 2,000 American people. It was known that for ten days, the wind swept through the area, meaning the most powerful country in the world became helpless in their attempts to save the people who were affected by the hurricane.‎ Finally, in 2008 we saw yet another natural disaster. This time it was a cyclone(旋风), which is similar to a hurricane but happens in a circular motion(圆周运动). This cyclone Nargis had been one of the strongest to have ever occurred, reaching a death toll of nearly 150,000 people.‎ All of these were terrible disasters that were unavoidable.‎ Title: Forces of Nature ‎(8)　　　 ‎ ‎ Destructive forces of nature refer to natural disasters like ‎ tsunamis and earthquakes. ‎ Consequences ‎◆ When these terrible disasters occur in some parts of the world, they (9)　　　　 properties and lives. ‎ ‎◆ People in these parts go through the (10)　　　　 that only exists in our imagination. ‎ ‎◆ Some people out there have to (11)　　　　 where they are. They cannot afford to move away, as jobs in other places might not be (12)　　　　. ‎ Examples ‎◆ The 2004 tsunami reached a (13)　　　　 of thirty meters and it was one of the worst tidal waves in the world. ‎ ‎◆ The 2005 (14)　　　　 known as Katrina swept through parts of the US, causing great loss. Even the most powerful country could do (15)　　　　 to save its people. ‎ ‎◆ The 2008 cyclone called Nargis had been one of the strongest, leaving nearly 150,000 people (16)　　　　. ‎ Summary ‎ These terrible disasters couldn’t be (17)　　　　. ‎ 三、 书面表达 请仔细观看右边漫画,结合自己的实际生活,写一篇关于“节能环保”的短文,词数150左右。‎ 要求:1. 简要描述图中的现象;‎ ‎2. 分析产生这种现象的原因(如:没有良好的习惯等);‎ ‎3. 提出你的建议。‎ 提示:图中在睡觉的是小明,妇女是小明的母亲。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎　　　‎ ‎45分钟综合性过关小练习(二)‎ 一、 阅读理解 A 本文是一篇科普说明文。“如果眼睛是人类心灵的窗户，那牙齿就是人类学家研究饮食的平台”。碳齿痕可以帮助我们研究古代人吃何种食物以及他们的生活环境。‎ ‎1. B　‎ ‎2. C ‎3. D ‎4. A　‎ B 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了骗术在军事策略中起着重要的作用。一些研究人员正在通过研究松鼠和鸟类的活动，希望机器人能模仿这些行为，以便能有效地应用于军事中。‎ ‎5. C　‎ ‎6. B　‎ ‎7. A　‎ 二、 任务型阅读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了自然力量形成的地震、海啸、飓风等自然灾害给人类的生命、财产带来的伤害。‎ ‎8. Introduction　‎ ‎9. destroy　‎ ‎10. suffering　‎ ‎11. stay/remain　‎ ‎12. available/found　‎ ‎13. height　‎ ‎14. hurricane ‎15. nothing　‎ ‎16. dead　‎ ‎17. avoided/prevented/stopped　‎ 三、 书面表达 It was midnight. Xiao Ming was sleeping soundly in the sofa， with the TV on， when his mother came and turned it off for him， blaming him for not having turned off the TV again.‎ This is often the case in our daily life. Many people are used to doing everything with the TV on， not actually watching it at all. Such a habit can cause a waste of much energy， and do harm to our environment.‎ To have an eco-friendly life， we must first strengthen the sense of energy-saving and environment protection and popularize the idea of energy-saving ‎ life from every detail in our daily life. I think only in this way， can we help to reach harmony of the development of the society and health of the nature.‎