高考语法填空答题技巧及强化练习 14页

高中英语语法填空答题策略及练习 语篇型语法填空题备考思路大致有如下特点：‎ 一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；‎ 二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；‎ 三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；‎ 四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。‎ 有提示词 ： 考查 谓语动词 非谓语动词 形容词 副词 ‎ 无提示词 ：考查 冠词 介词 连词 代词 ‎ ‎【语法填空考点】‎ 纯空格题：冠词：a,an,the 指示代词：this,that,those,these 人称代词：I，me,them,they,he,his等 形容词性物主代词：your,my,his,its等 名词性物主代词：mine,his,its,hers,yours,ours等 ‎ ‎ ‎ 代词 反身代词：themselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,ourselves等 不定代词：another,other,some,many,much, little,anything,somebody,no,such等 关系代词：who,whom,which,that,as等 ‎ ‎ 疑问代词：what,whatever,which,who等 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 介词：in,at,on,above,below,through,across,onto,into,over,after,before,as(做为)等 从属连词：since(既然，自从),because,as(因为),although,though,after,before ‎ 连词 并列连词: but,not only...but also...;or,and,for（因为）等 ‎ ‎ ‎ 起连接作用的副词：however,therefore,thus,besides，then,next,first,also,instead，too,never,not等 有提示题： 谓语动词的时态和语态（主谓一致）‎ 表具体某次情况：to do 非谓语动词 作主语/宾语 表习惯/一般情况：doing ‎ 作目的/结果/形容词后的状语：to do(adj. enough to do,too...to do,only to do等) ‎ ‎ 主动或正在进行：doing 作定语/状语/补语： 被动或完成：done ‎ 未发生：to do 形容词和副词及其对应的比较级、最高级和词类转换（词性转换、加否定或反义的前/后缀）等。‎ ‎【语法填空七字诀】‎ ‎“全”：看完整句；‎ ‎“位”：确定空格所处的位置，分清在句子当中充当什么作用（词性为主）；‎ ‎“考”：知道考什么；‎ ‎“形”：知道用什么形式（主被动，词性的变化，特别是不规则词形的变化和书写等）；‎ ‎“断”：对于长难句，要学会断句（断成相对完整的小单位，使空格的位置明朗化）；‎ ‎“删”：对于复杂句，要学会删掉修饰部分，让句子的基本结构浮出水面。‎ ‎“查”：填完后，读一遍，看是否自然通顺、前后一致、符合逻辑，看整体是否完整。‎ ‎ ‎ 考点1. 动词的时态和语态 (1) ‎. The sun was setting down when my car ______ ( break ) down near a remote and poor village .‎ ‎(2). Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________ ( result ) in the contrary to our intention.‎ ‎(3). That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, ___________ (close) my book and walked away. ‎ ‎(4). I ________________ (impress) by its garden-like campus, its enthusiastic students and especially its learning atmosphere. ‎ ‎(5). They didn’t take many chances in their lives. They usually ____________ (follow) orders.‎ ‎【小结】 动词的时态、语态是每年的考点， 也是历年高考重点考查的项目，通常1-2道题。 重点考查的是时态 ，且多与语态一起考查。时态理解错误在考生中是常见的， 把握命题人的意图是至关重要的。‎ ‎【解题思路】1). 先判断所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，‎ ‎2). 谓语动词的话，判断用主动语态还是被动语态，‎ ‎3). 判断用哪种时态（根据时间状语、另一动词或具体的语境、）。‎ ‎4). 确定所填动词的形式，保证谓语动词时态、语态、人称和数的一致。‎ ‎5). 特别注意：时态变化时不规则动词的拼写。‎ ‎ 考点2 非谓语动词 ‎(1). Miss Bean expected me to have my own opinion about difficult questions and taught me that ____________ (think) for oneself was the real key to success in learning.‎ ‎(2). With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _________ (buy) presents for my dad. ‎ ‎(3). _____________ (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.‎ ‎(4). The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ____________ (carry) out regularly, can improve our health. ‎ ‎(5). __________ (seat) in your home, your are capable of finding a lot of sources. ‎ ‎(6). Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely __________ (succeed). ‎ ‎(7). With the problem ________ (solve), I felt proud of my achievement.‎ ‎(8). My pupils, Donnie _____________ (include), adored her. ‎ ‎(9). Therefore, good learning habits can help us gain great learning results (include) high scores and abundant knowledge. ‎ ‎(10). The last one ______________ (arrive) pays the meal. ‎ ‎(11). Before ______________ (come) into the house in Japan, it is good manner to take off your coat. ‎ ‎(12). Once _______ ( ask), everyone needs to co-operate without hesitation. ‎ ‎(13). From his bag he took out a bowl of ___________ (boil) rice and started to eat. ‎ ‎(14). Then I went to a post office to have them (deliver) by air without delay.‎ ‎(15). Inside the building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building 22 . (lie) all over the place. ‎ ‎【小结】 非谓语动词每年必考，至少1道题，主要考查：‎ ‎1). 动名词和不等式做宾语的区别；‎ ‎2). 非谓语动词做宾补的区别；‎ ‎3). 非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构。‎ ‎【解题思路】‎ 1) 确定非谓语动词；（先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，所给的动词就是非谓语动词） ‎ 2) 确定用哪种非谓语动词；（在句子中作什么句子成分，结合固定搭配和习惯用法）‎ 3) 确定语态；（结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定填哪种语态）‎ 4) 确定用那种时态；（非谓语动词所表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作生的先后关系确定时态）‎ ‎ 考点3. 形容词、副词 (1) ‎. Then he started spending money on 37 （necessary）things. When we got together for a meal at a restaurant, Al paid every time. ‎ ‎(2). It worked 40._________（well）than I had ever imagined, and before long she knew every kid’s name, and they were all playing tag—a kind of game! ‎ ‎(3). They said their finding was much more 36 (color)than it should have been. ‎ ‎(4).I am not at all used to this cold weather, 31 I am glad to say that I have all the clothes for this 32 (freeze) weather. ‎ ‎(5). The Old Library today contains about 13,000 manuscripts and more than 800,000 books, and many of them are very ____________ (value). ‎ ‎(6). Only in this way will you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time 9.________(proper)．‎ ‎(7). When the horse with the bell returns to the barn each evening, he will stop _____________ (frequent) to look back, making sure that the other isn’t too far behind to hear the bell. ‎ ‎(8). He had witnessed too many deaths and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years __________ (early), in which 40,000 people were killed, wounded or missing.‎ ‎(9). One of the __________ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen. ‎ ‎(10). I may ____________（probable）protest loudly when you try to wake me up. ‎ ‎【小结】 主要考查点是 形容词作定语、形容词和副词的比较级、 形容词和副词的相互转换等。 ‎ ‎【解题思路】(1). 先分析句子成分， 作定语、表语、补语等用形容词；修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、或整个句子用副词；注意： 形容词（短语）可作伴随状语或结果状语。‎ ‎(2). 结合上下文，分清句子结构，正确处理级的变化；注意隐含的比较级。‎ ‎(3). 注意特殊的形容词、副词的比较等级的句型。‎ ‎(4) .注意比较级的修饰词: 表“ 稍微” a bit, a little , some , any； 表“------得多” much, very much, far, a great/good deal, by far, a lot ; 表 “ 更加 ” still, even, rather, yet 等以及另外一些表程度的修饰词 （ 序数、 倍数、分数、 百分数等）‎ 考点4. 派生词（ 词性变换）‎ ‎(1). Most of the _______( Africa ) are still living in poverty. ‎ ‎(2). China’s ___________ ( develop) of economy needs more careful planning. ‎ ‎(3). Can you tell me the ______ ( long) of the Great Wall ? ‎ ‎(4). I’m very thankful for your ________ ( help ) me. ‎ ‎(5). Going out for a part-time job can ______ ( rich ) one’s social experience. ‎ ‎(6). He ______ ( achievement) a lot in the field of science in the past ten years. ‎ ‎(7). The article ________ ( simple ) to make it easy for students to understand. ‎ ‎(8). What’s the _______ ( rich ) businessman in China ? ‎ ‎(9). He has become the ________( clever ) of the two. ‎ ‎(10). I hope the dream that becoming a _________ ( piano) will come true. ‎ ‎(11). He is __________ ( comfort ) because he’s ill. ‎ ‎(12). I was sorry to find him ________ ( conscious ) of the importance of study.‎ ‎(13). The boy jumped up and down _________ ( happy) at the news. ‎ ‎(14). The old lady is _______ ( extreme ) glad to see her daughter come back. ‎ ‎(15). The lady was broken down by a car . _________ ( fortunate ) there was no one nearby. ‎ ‎(16). This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their ________ ( nature ) course.. ‎ ‎(17). Previous research has indicated that “number sense” is _________ (base) to humans. ‎ ‎(18). ___________ (lazy), lying, stealing and so on are all easily formed bad habits.‎ ‎(19). Everyone gets ______________ (frustrate) sometimes. ‎ ‎(20). He was very __________ (sleep) and wanted to sleep.‎ ‎【小结】派生词每年都有，要求考生分析句子成分和结构，判断空格考查的词类，再结合上下文和构词法填上适当的词形。‎ ‎【解题思路】词的前后缀，特别是否定前缀。‎ 考点5. 名词、数词 ‎(1). The order in which they finished would decide the order of their 31 （appear）in the Chinese calendar. ‎ ‎【小结】‎ 要注意 语境中词性的判断、词的转换、序号和倍数的表示法。广东考题常给出提示词要求用它的正确形式填空 ‎【解题思路】‎ ‎1. 判断是否填名词；（一般在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格和一些不定代词后面）；‎ ‎2. 注意名词的活用和具体的考查方式；‎ a ) 考名词的书写方式 b ) 单复数变化；‎ c ) 是不可数名词具体化（ 不可数名词在特定的情况下可转化成可数名词）；‎ d ) 名词修饰名词等。‎ 考点6. 冠词 ‎(1). There was once ___31___beautiful girl who hated herself because she was blind. ‎ ‎(2). Poems have 38 close relationship with our languages.‎ ‎(3). This proverb just means that there is nothing like 31________ urgent need for setting people to work to find a way of meeting it.‎ ‎(4). A couple of months later, on December 10, 38 anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death, they receive their prizes from the Swedish King —— a Nobel diploma, a medal, and 10 million ‎ Swedish crowns per prize. ‎ ‎(5). The mount of Apollo signifies 35 good sense of beauty; of the Moon, a dreamy disposition. ‎ ‎(6). A few minutes later, he ran back to his mother and said, "I can't find 39 desk."‎ ‎(7). Let’s go to ________ cinema—that’ll take your mind off the problem for a while.‎ ‎(8). He wants to see a much stronger China within ________ rest of his life.‎ ‎【小结】‎ 冠词是高考的常考点。 若空格后面的名词 或 形容词+ 名词前没有物主代词his/her/my等、不定代some/any/other/another等、名词所有格、指示代词this/that/these/those等限定词时，很可能填冠词。‎ ‎【解题思路】‎ ‎1) . 如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“ 一个 （ 本、种、杯 ------）”时，一般填a/an. ‎ 如果可翻译成“ 这、这些、那、那些 ”时， 一般填 the .‎ ‎2) . 泛指填aan , 特指填the.‎ ‎3). 如果名词后面有: of 短语、不定式、分词或从句等做定语时可能填the. ‎ ‎【a/an/the用法顺口溜】‎ ‎ 特指双熟悉， 上文已提及；‎ ‎ 世上独无二， 序数最高级；‎ 普名变专名， 习语及乐器。‎ 考点7. 代词 (1) ‎. Some people are very talented, but they just pay little attention to their studies or work. Being lazy, 33 talents are wasted. ‎ ‎(2). Each age has 31 pleasures and pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets. ‎ ‎(3). A few years ago, my friend Al won the lottery（彩票）. It changed 31 life. ‎ ‎(4). I told her the best way to make friends was to introduce 33. _________ when she met someone new. ‎ ‎(5). He hopes that 40 idea of filling “homeness” into nursing homes and inviting the community in will help to “break conventional practice in long term care.” ‎ ‎(6).Today, most people no longer take palmistry seriously; 31 are interested in it as a form of entertainment.‎ ‎(7). If you still have 40 questions, please come to my office . ‎ ‎(8). It will also make 34 possible for them to take their favorite jobs in the future. ‎ ‎(9). One day, Mrs. White said to her husband," 33 is not good for Tom's health to live in the city all the time." ‎ ‎(10). And those who find ______ difficult to add up the number shouldn’t feel too hopeless. ‎ 常考点：‎ ‎⑴. 不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, somebody, anybody等的用法。‎ ‎⑵. 替代词 it, that, those , one/ ones 的用法。 ‎ ‎⑶. it 的特殊用法。 ⑷. 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such 等的用法。‎ ‎⑸. 人称代词格的变化。 ⑹. 物主代词、反身代词及疑问代词的用法。 ‎ ‎【解题思路】‎ ‎⑴ 代词代的是人还是物。 ‎ ‎⑵ 代词代的是可数名词还是不可数名词。‎ ‎⑶. 代词代的是特指还是泛指。 ‎ ‎⑷. 代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上。‎ ‎⑸. 代词表示的是肯定还是否定概念。‎ ‎⑹. 修饰名词的不定代词（another, the other, many, much, either, neither, both, any, all, each 等）‎ 考点8. 介词 ‎(1). I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me ______ a guest in their house. ‎ ‎(2). Jane Adams was also active in fighting __________ the use of child labor and war. ‎ ‎(3). ---. _____ these proverbs there are often interesting stories. ‎ ‎(4). He was very tired _______ doing this for a whole day.‎ ‎(5). Television is now playing a very important role ________ our life.‎ ‎(6). …more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany _____ advanced study. ‎ ‎(7). It was in this very room that I gave birth _________ Linda seventeen years ago. ‎ ‎(8). In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch ________ writing often. ‎ ‎(9). In short, I believe that it is _________ great use to keep a dairy in English. ‎ ‎(10). The man had to circle the airport several times to become familiar __________ the control of the plane.‎ ‎【考点】‎ ⑴. 介词与动词、名词、形容词的习惯搭配。 ‎ ⑵. 常用介词的用法。‎ ‎【解题思路】‎ 1. 可以作宾语（ 介宾或动宾）的结构（名词、代词、动名词、从句 ）‎ 2. 若空格后是上面提到的结构且不在句中作主语，又不在动词后面作宾语，那么这个空格就很可能用介词。‎ 3. 习惯搭配 就靠大家多记、多积累。‎ 4. 考点9. 连词一（从句）‎ 考查定语从句、状语从句（由when / while / if / though / because / since等引导）、名词性从句（主语/宾语/表语/同位语从句） ‎ ‎【解题思路】 若两个句子（含有两个主谓结构）之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格要填上连词，否则，句子的结构不完整。‎ 一、（ 定语从句 ）‎ ‎(1). The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away ______ there was a garage .‎ ‎(2). My pills are in the bedroom, ________ I always keep them. ‎ ‎(3). The soldier, _________ was watching the passengers coming in, quickly took the notice off the seat beside his… ‎ ‎(4). At last they tried to fill in the plane with carbon-dioxide, ________ poisoned all the eighty rats by the poisonous gas. ‎ ‎【考点】关系代词和关系副词的选用、非限定性定语从句。‎ ‎【热点】 由 whose, where, when, that, as 和“ 介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。‎ ‎【注意】1. when 引导的定语从句 ‎ 2. where 引导的定语从句和状语从句、表语从句的区别 ‎ 3. which 引导非限定性定语从句和并列句的区别 ‎ 4. as 和which的区别：such … as 和the same …as，as is known to all 的用法。‎ ‎ 5. 分隔式定语从句的识别 ‎ 6. 只能用that或不用that 的情况 ‎ 7. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 ‎ 8. 定语从句的主谓一致 二、（ 状语从句 ）‎ ‎(1). He was very tired after doing this a whole day, ______ he felt very happy since the crop did “ grow” higher. ‎ ‎(2). He therefore asked the conductor to wake him up ________ the train came to Dijon.‎ 三、（名词性从句）‎ ‎(1). --- I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _______ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house. ‎ ‎(2). One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. ‎ ‎(3). In 1931, Jane Adams was awarded the Nobel Prize for _____ she had done for society. I was to return to Guangzhou. ‎ ‎(4). If you want to know ________ to get rid of hiccups, here are some “cures”. ‎ ‎(6). As the financial crisis worsens, his father is worried about ___________ he would lose his work. ‎ ‎(7). But don’t take any notice of ________ I say. ‎ 考点10. 连词二（其他）.‎ 特殊句式（ 简单句、并列句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、倒装句、反义疑问句和there be 句式的用法等）‎ ‎(1). It is often said that the joy of traveling is _____ in arriving at your destination ______ in the journey itself. ‎ ‎(2). I thought we’d be late for the concert, ______ we ended up getting there ahead of time. ‎ ‎(3). The artist was born poor, _______ poor he remained all his life. ‎ ‎(4). In some places women are expected to earn money ______ men work at home and raise their children.‎ ‎(5). He found it increasingly difficult to read , ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. ‎ ‎(6). Stand over there _______ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better. ‎ ‎(7). It was not until midnight _______ they reached the camp site. ‎ ‎(8). If a family has many children, the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd. The youngest child, _____________, ‎ often gets special treatment. ‎ ‎(9). I soon found that the key Vernon gave me could not unlock either the front door _______ the back door.‎ ‎(10). Cynthina’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _____ how much he pays. ‎ ‎(11). After you come into the room you won’t sit down ___________ the host asks you to.‎ ‎(12). Some of you may have finished Unit one. If ____, you can go on to Unit two. ‎ ‎(13). _______ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. ‎ ‎(14). I traveled to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, and _____ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. ‎ ‎(15). So careless was I ________ I had forgotten all about that. ‎ ‎【考点】⑴. 强调句 ⑵. 倒装句 ⑶. 并列句 ⑷. 祈使句 ⑸. 省略句 ‎【注意】 句子的结构、 主谓一致、 时态、语态 。‎ ‎【解题思路】表示并列：and，or（否则，或者） ‎ 表示因果：so，for，therefore，thus等 表示转折：but，though/although，however，yet，while(然而)等 ‎ 表示时间：before，after，until/ till等 ‎ ‎ 练习：‎ 真题一 第二节 阅读下面材料，用不多于 1 个单词的正确形式填空 ‎ Yangshuo, China ‎ It was raining lightly when I__61_________________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours__62______________, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with ‎ ‎__63__________(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain. ‎ I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_64_________________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _65________________(painting). Instead, I ‘d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away__66_______________ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. ‎ Yangshuo__67_______________(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers_68____________(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it_69_________________(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people_70__________________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. ‎ 真题二 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ ‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The adobe dwellings(土坯房） 61 ____________(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the ‎ American Southwest are admired ‎ by even 62 __________ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 ____________ (able) to “air condition” a house without 64 ________（use）electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat_65_________（slow）during cool nights，thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __66 _______ (cool) the house during the hot day； __67_______ the same time, they warm up again for the night This cycle _68 _______ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset（抵消）for the outside temperatures. As __69_____________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly__70_____________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ 真题三 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix？‎ In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 61________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62__________ (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 63__________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.‎ But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64 __________ even a few months. It took years of work 65 __________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 __________ (clean) than ever.‎ Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 _____________ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?‎ While there are 68______________(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69______________(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 ______________ (patience).‎ 真题四 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 61 _____________ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62_______________some of them looked very anxious and 63_______________ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 64_______________the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 65_____________(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66________________ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 67______________(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ 68________________anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear！ It is 69________________（I）”. She pushed her way to the driver and to the little boy. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done. And the passengers 70 _____________（sudden）became friendly to one another. ‎