高考江苏卷英语试题解析精编版 29页

2016 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷） 英 语 试卷总评 2016 年江苏高考英语卷总体难度较前三年有所降低，紧扣高中英语课程标准的教学要求，对考生在英 语听力、词汇、语法、英语知识综合应用、阅读理解、书面表达等知识和能力进行了全面、深入的考察。 注重基础，贴近生活，努力将知识和能力的考查融为一体，难易结合，体现了英语高考改革的趋势。 听力部分沿用全国卷听力，除了 Text 10 部分语速稍快，前面 9 段材料语速比较正常，总体难度不算大， 和往年相似，考查的都是平时常用的功能性用语，考查形式以细节信息、语音辨析、意图推测、结论判断 等题型为主。 单选题中规中矩。单选部分同往年相同，强调在语境中理解词汇的意思。侧重对词汇和词组的考查， 考点为名词性从句、动词、动词词组、形容词副词、非谓语动词、情景交际等，贴近生活。重视语法基础， 题量和重点语法点基本没变，难度有所下降，只要学生正常发挥，不要受平时难题影响，应该可以取得好 的成绩。 完形填空讲述了一个有关人生感悟的故事。仍以考查名词、动词、动词词组和形容词副词为主，考查 的词汇为较常用的高频词。几乎所有的答案都可以在上下文中找到串联痕迹，这也是理解这篇完形填空的 重要线索。 阅读部分题型设置沿袭过去两年，难度有所降低，主要体现在词汇、长难句和对文章的整体理解上。 设题以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅。 A 篇是一篇介绍网络课程的说明文。文章以短句为主，难度一般，做题时使用关键词定位法可以直接 在文中找到答案。B 篇是一篇说明黑猩猩的主观能动性的科技说明文。与去年的 B 篇相比难度下降较多。C 篇也为说明文，主要介绍厄尔尼诺现象。本文与时事结合较为紧密，话题也是考生较为熟悉的，但本文中 的专业词汇和长难句是难点部分。D 篇是记叙文，介绍了牙买加女运动员的励志故事。难度较去年也有较 大的下降，集中考查细节理解题。 任务型阅读是这份试卷中最有区分度的，说明了科技对人们生活的积极影响，文章结构清晰，依然考 查了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。较难的概括提炼的部分，也是区分优秀 生和中等生的关键。 书面表达＂旧瓶装新酒＂ 延续前两年＂读写任务型＂写作，总字数要求不变，凸显了考生分析材料的能力，写作便于考生写出 紧扣主题的个性化内容。讨论话题为＂网络投票＂，建议使用＂with 复合结构＂开始，提出网络投票的积 极作用和消极作用。我们可以根据网络投票的正反两面性梳理好观点，运用多样化的句式。 注意事项： 1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上 的指定位置。用 2B 铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型 A 后的方框涂黑。 2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草 稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3. 非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的 非答题区域均无效。 4. 考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 20 分） 做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标 在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅 读一遍。 例： How much is the shirt? A. £ 19.15. B. £ 9.18. C. £ 9.15. 答案是 C。 1. What are the speakers talking about? A. Having a birthday party. B. Doing some exercise. C. Getting Lydia a gift. 2. What is the woman going to do? A. Help the man. B. Take a bus. C. Get a camera. 3. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Tell Kate’s to stop. B. Call Kate’s friends. C. Stay away from Kate. 4. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a wine shop. B. In a supermarket. C. In a restaurant. 5. What does the woman mean? A. Keep the window closed. B. Go out for fresh air. C. Turn on the fan. 第二节 （共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳 选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后， 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. What is the man going to do this summer? A. Teach a course. B. Repair his house. C. Work at a hotel. 7. How will the man use the money? A. To hire a gardener. B. To buy books. C. To pay for a boat trip. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。 8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Schoolmates. B. Colleagues. C. Roommates. 9. What does Frank plan to do right after graduation? A. Work as a programmer. B. Travel around the world. C. Start his own business. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. Why does the woman make the call? A. To book a hotel room. B. To ask about the room service. C. To make changes to a reservation. 11. When will the woman arrive at the hotel? A. On September 15. B. On September 16. C. On September 23. 12. How much will the woman pay for her room per night? A. $179. B. $199. C. $219. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13. What is the woman’s plan for Saturday? A. Going shopping. B. Going camping. C. Going boating. 14. Where will the woman stay in Keswick? A. In a country inn. B. In a five-star hotel. C. In her aunt’s home. 15. What will Gordon do over the weekend? A. Visit his friends. B. Watch DVDs. C. Join the woman. 16. What does the woman think of Gordon’s coming weekend? A. Relaxed. B. Boring. C. Busy. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. Who is Wang Ming? A. A student. B. An employer. C. An engineer. 18. What does the speaker say about the college job market this year? A. It’s unpredictable. B. It’s quite stable. C. It’s not optimistic. 19. What percentage of student job seekers have found a job by now? A. 20%. B. 22%. C. 50%. 20. Why are engineering graduates more likely to accept a job? A. They need more work experience. B. The salary is usually good. C. Their choice is limited. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.A 18. C 19.A 20. B 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节：单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 请阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 答案是 B。 21. It is often the case _________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. A. why B. what C. as D. that 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：考查主语从句。句意：通常对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆有可能。此句中 It 为形 式主语，that 从句为真正的主语。故 D 项正确。 【名师点睛】 that 引导主语从句：由连词 that 引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下不放句首，用 it 作形式主语来代替它的 位置。常见的以 it 作形式主语的主语从句的句型有三种： 一、It + be +形容词+that 从句. 适用于这种句型的常见形容词有：necessary，clear，true，strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely， obvious，surprising 等。如： 1. It’s clear that they badly need help。很明显，他们急需援助。 2. It’s possible that we can carry out the project at last. 最终我们有可能实施这个项目。 当表语 为 necessary，clear，true ，strange, important, wonderful，possible, likely, obvious, surprising, astonishing, etc.等形容词时，谓语动词的形式一般为＂should＋动词原形＂。如： 3. It is necessary that you (should) master the computer. 你很有必要掌握电脑。 4. It is strange that he should have killed himself.真奇怪，他竟然自杀了。 二、 It+be+名词词组+ that 从句. 常用于这种句型的名词词组有：a fact，a good idea，a pity，an hour，a shame，no wonder，good news 等。 1. It’s a pity that you missed the film.你错过那部电影真是太遗憾了。 2.—Tom has a bad cold. ——汤姆患了重感冒。 —It is no wonder that he looks pale.——难怪他看起来脸色苍白。 3. It is a great shame that he should have stolen a pen. 他竟然偷钢笔，真是太丢脸了。 注意：在句型＂It is／was+名词+that 从句＂中，当名词为＂a pity，a shame，no wonder＂等时，从句中 要用＂should+动词原形＂(should 可省略)。如： It is a great pity that he should be so selfish。真遗憾，他竟然那么自私。 三、 It + be+过去分词+ that 从句. 常用的过去分词有：said，reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well-known, thought, suggested 等。 1. It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 2. It’s reported that the two countries have made an agreement about their trades. 据报道这两个国家就贸易 问题达成了一个人协议。 当过去分词为表示建议，命令，愿望的词如 suggested ， ordered， requested 等时，从句需用虚拟语气。 动词形式为：should ＋ 动词原型。 1. It is requested that Mr. Wang (should) give a performance.有人请求王先生表演一个节目。 2. It is suggested that we (should) discuss the problem .有人建议我们应该讨论一下这个问题。 考点：考查主语从句 22. More efforts, as reported, _________ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. A. are made B. will be made C. are being made D. have been made 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：考查时态和语态。本句的时间状语 in the years ahead＂在将来的几年＂和一般将来时连 用，且 efforts 与动词 make 构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故 B 项正确。 考点：考查时态和语态 23. Many young people, most _________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是 Many young people，关系代词 whom 指代先 行词，在定语从句中作介词 of 的宾语。故 C 项正确。 【名师点睛】 在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示＂部分与整体＂的关系 时，用…of which / whom 表示，这时不能用 whose 来代替 of which。表示所属关系时，of which/whom 可以 与 whose 互换。 一、表示整体中的部分。如： 1. The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满 了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。 2. I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。 3. I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我掉盒子时摔碎 了。 4. There are two bottles of coke, one of which is full and the other of which almost empty. 有两瓶可乐，一瓶是满 的，另一瓶快喝完了。 5. The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已被送往大英 博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。 二、表示所属关系。如： 1. He’s written a book, the name of which I’ve forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我忘了。 句中的 the name of which=whose name。 2. It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项细节不可更改的协定。 句中的 the details of which=whose details。 考点：考查定语从句 24. —Can you tell us your _________ for happiness and a long life? —Living every day to the full, definitely. A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：考查名词词义辨析。recipe 秘诀，食谱，药方；record 记录；range 范围；receipt 收据， 收条。根据句意可知 A 项＂秘诀＂符合题意。 考点：考查名词辨析 25. He did not _________ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause. A. approach B. wrestle C. compromise D. communicate 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：考查动词辨析。approach 靠近，接近；wrestle 摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise 妥 协；和解；让步；communicate 交流，沟通。根据句意可知 C 项正确。 考点：考查动词词义辨析 26. _________some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure. A. Because B. If C. Unless D. While 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：考查连词。连词 because 因为；if 如果；unless 除非；while 尽管；然而；当……时；根 据句意可知此处表转折，所以使用 while＂尽管＂。故 D 项正确。 【名师点睛】 连词 while 有以下不同的作用和含义： 一、引导时间状语从句时， 译作＂当……时＂。如： 1. Make hay while the sun shines. 烈日当空照，勿忘晒干草。（乘机行事，抓紧时机。） 2. We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young. 趁着我们年轻，我们必须刻苦学习，获得更 多的知识。 二、引导让步状语从句 。 常放在句首，译作＂尽管＂、＂虽然＂，比 although 或 though 语气要轻。如： While I believe it is true, I cannot prove it. 虽然我相信那是真的，但我无法证明。 三、引导条件状语从句 。 相当于 as long as，译作＂只要＂。如： 1. While there is life, there is hope.只要有生命，就有希望。 2. While a spark of life remains, it is a doctor’s duty to save the patient. 只要病人有一息生机，医生就有责任救 他。 四、引导原因状语从句 。 相当于 since，有＂既然＂的意思。如： 1. You’ll never save any money while you’re so extravagant. 你这么奢侈，永远存不下钱来。 2. I’d like to get it settled today while we’re at it. 既然我们着手干了，我想今天就把它干完。 五、连接并列句 。 表示对比，相当于 whereas，译作＂而＂、＂可是＂。 如： 1. An outdoors man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on a tan after a short vacation in the sun. 从事室外工作的人如果调到室内工作，不久肤色就会变白； 而一个伏案工作的文员出去度个短假，就会被太阳晒黑。 2. Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative. 运动是绝对的，而静止是相对的。 六、连接并列句 表示递进，相当于 and what is more, 译作＂并且＂、＂而且＂。如： 1.The new man-made fibres are more hardwearing than natural fibres and greatly reduce mending, while good read y-made clothes are cheap and plentiful. 新的人造纤维比天然纤维耐磨，因此能大大减少修补工作，而且做好 的衣服价廉物美，数量也多。 考点：考查连词 27. If it _________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. A. had not been B. should not be C. were not to be D. should not have been 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故 A 项正确。 【名师点睛】 有时条件从句和主句所表示的动作在时间上可以不一致（例如一个与过去事实相反，另一个与现在事 实相反），这种虚拟条件句就称为错综时间虚拟条件句。在这种条件句中，动词的形式要根据具体情况进行 调整。如： 1.She would never have behaved like that if she had some common sense.如果她有一些常识的话，她就决不会那 样做了。 2.If I had a bike (now), I would have lent it to you yesterday.假如我有自行车，昨天就借给你了。 考点：考查虚拟语气 28. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message _________ within the work. A. to hide B. hidden C. hiding D. being hidden 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：考查分词作定语。相当于定语从句 that is hidden within the work。A、C 项表示主动含义， D 项表示正在进行，与语境不符。故 B 项正确。 【名师点睛】 过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑 （意义）上的动宾关系。 过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。作定 语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。如： 1. He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义， 强调动作完成。如： fallen leaves 落叶 retired workers 退休工人 the risen sun 升起的太阳 注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况： 一、单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，也可以放名词后作后置定语，用以强调动作。如： 1. We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。 2. My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。 3. They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。 二、过去分词短语放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语时，其作用相当于一个定语从句。如： The student dressed in white is my daughter. =The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。 三、 如果被修饰的词是由 every/some/any/no + thing/body/one 所构成的复合代词或指示代词 those 等时，过 去分词要放在被修饰词的后面。如： There is nothing changed here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。 考点：考查分词作定语 29. Dashan, who _________ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. A. will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learning 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：考查时态。本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国传统的相声和西方的脱口秀结合。 所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故 D 项正确。 考点：考查时态 30. Many businesses started up by college students have _________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. A. fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。fall off 跌落，下降；take off 起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off 关闭； leave off 停止，中断；根据句意可知 B 项正确。 考点：考查动词短语辨析 31. His comprehensive surveys have provided the most _________ statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected. A. explicit B. ambiguous C. original D. arbitrary 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：考查形容词词义辨析。explicit 明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous 模棱两可的，含糊不清的； original 原始的，最初的；arbitrary 任意的，专制的。故 A 项正确。 考点：考查形容词词义辨析 32. —Only those who have a lot in common can get along well. —_________. Opposites sometimes do attract. A. I hope not B. I think so C. I appreciate that D. I beg to differ 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：考查交际用语。I hope not 我可不希望这样；I think so 我认为如此；I appreciate that 我 很感激；I beg to differ 恕我不能同意。由答语后句 Opposites sometimes do attract.（意见相反的人有时会相互 吸引。）可知两个人的意见并不一致。故 D 项符合语境。 考点：考查交际用语 33. Parents should actively urge their children to _________ the opportunity to join sports teams. A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：考查短语辨析。gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of 记录；take advantage of 利用； give rise to 引起；根据句意可知 C 项正确。 考点：考查短语辨析 34. Not until recently _________ the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged C. did they encourage D. they encouraged 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：考查部分倒装。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。当 not until 所引导的时间状语放在句首时，主句要使用部分倒装。故 C 项正确。 【名师点睛】 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词提至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态 动词，则需添加助动词 do, does 或 did，并将其置于主语之前。 一、 句首为否定或半否定的词语如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等时，句子要倒装。如： 1. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案。 2. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后才离开房间。 Not until 位于句首引导的主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 二、so, neither, nor 位于句首时，表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。如： 1. Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。 2. If you won’t go, neither will I.你不去，我也不去。 三、only 位于句首，且强调状语时,句子也必须用部分倒装。 如： 1. Only in this way, can you learn English well. 2. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 四、其他部分倒装 的情况。 1. so…that… 句型中的 so 位于句首时，句子需倒装。如： So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。 2. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。如： May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。 考点：考查部分倒装 35. —Jack still can’t help being anxious about his job interview. —Lack of self-confidence is his _________, I am afraid. A. Achilles’ heel B. child’s play C. green fingers D. last straw 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：考查谚语。Achilles’ heel 唯一的致命的弱点；child’s play 容易做的事情，轻而易举的事 情；green fingers 搞园艺的才能；last straw 最后一根稻草。句意：——杰克仍然情不自禁地担心他的工作面 试。——恐怕缺乏自信是他唯一的弱点。根据句意可知 A 项正确。 考点：考查谚语 第二节：完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） 请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。 Years ago, a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever. I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast. While we were 36 , Kurt asked me, ＂ John, what is your 37 for personal growth? Never at a loss for words, I tried to find things in my life that might 38 for growth. I told him about the many activities in which I was 39 . And I went into a 40 about how hard I worked and the gains I was making. I must have talked for ten minutes. Kurt 41 patiently, but then he 42 smiled and said, ＂You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you?＂ ＂No, I 43 . ＂You know,＂ Kurt said simply, ＂growth is not a(n) 44 process.＂ And that’s when it 45 me. I wasn’t doing anything 46 to make myself better. And at that moment, I made the 47 : I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my 48 . That night, I talked to my wife about my 49 with Kurt and what I had learned. I 50 her the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling. We 51 that Kurt wasn’t just trying to make a sale. He was offering a 52 for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams. Several important things happened that day. First, we decided to 53 the resources. But more importantly, we made a commitment to 54 together as a couple. From that day on, we learned together, traveled together, and sacrificed together. It was a 55 decision. While too many couples grow apart, we were growing together. 36. A. working B. preparing C. thinking D. eating 37. A. suggestion B. demand C. plan D. request 38. A. appeal B. look C. call D. qualify 39. A. involved B. trapped C. lost D. bathed 40. A. lecture B. speech C. discussion D. debate 41. A. calculated B. listened C. drank D. explained 42. A. eagerly B. gradually C. gratefully D. finally 43. A. admitted B. interrupted C. apologized D. complained 44. A. automatic B. slow C. independent D. changing 45. A. confused B. informed C. pleased D. hit 46. A. on loan B. on purpose C. on sale D. on balance 47. A. comment B. announcement C. decision D. arrangement 48. A. life B. progress C. performance D. investment 49. A. contract B. conversation C. negotiation D. argument 50. A. lent B. sold C. showed D. offered 51. A. recalled B. defined C. recognized D. declared 52. A. tool B. method C. way D. rule 53. A. provide B. buy C. give D. deliver 54. A. grow B. survive C. move D. gather 55. A. difficult B. random C. firm D. wise 【答案】36—40 DCDA B 41—45 BDAAD 46—50 BCABC 51—55 CCBAD 【解析】 36.D 考查动词辨析。根据＂for breakfast＂，可知我在吃早饭的时候遇见了 Kurt。故 D 项符合语境。 37.C 考查名词辨析。根据 42 空后＂You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you? ＂（对于个人成长你并 没有计划，是吧?）可知 Kurt 在问我个人成长计划是什么。故 C 项正确。 38.D 考查动词辨析。appeal 呼吁，吸引（通常与 to 连用）；look for 寻找；call for 需要，需要；qualify for 有资格，能胜任；当 Kurt 提出这个问题的时候，我努力找出一些个人生活中与成长有关的事情。故 D 项正 确。 39.A 考查形容词短语。本句是定语从句，介词 in 提前到关系代词 which 之前。be involved in 参与……；卷 入……；be trapped in 被困在……中；be lost in 沉浸于……；be bathed in 被……笼罩;我告诉他很多我所参加 的活动。根据句意可知 A 项正确。 40.B 考查名词辨析。我在发表关于自己如何努力工作并取得了很大成就的演讲。lecture 讲座；speech 演进； discussion 讨论；debate 辩论。故 B 项正确。 41.B 考查动词辨析。我讲了十分钟自己的个人努力及成就，Kurt 一直耐心地听我讲。故 B 项正确。 42.D 考查副词辨析。Kurt 耐心地听我讲了很长时间，最后他笑着对我说：＂对于个人成长你并没有计划， 是吧？＂eagerly 热切地；gradually 逐渐地；gratefully 感激地；finally 最后。故 D 项正确。 43.A 考查动词辨析。＂You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you?＂是一个否定的反义疑问句，在回 答的时候＂No＂翻译为＂是的＂。说明我承认自己并没有个人成长计划。故 A 项正确。 44.A 考查形容词辨析。automatic 自动的；slow 缓慢的；independent 独立的；changing 不断变化的；Kurt 告诉我成长并不是一个自动的过程，一定要有计划性，有计划的个人成长才是有效的成长。从那以后我意 识到自己在这方面的缺乏并作出改变。故选 A 项。 45.D 考查动词辨析。Kurt 的话触动了我，我的确没有有意识地做一些事情让自己变得更好。故 D 项正确。 46.B 考查介词辨析。on loan 暂借；on purpose 故意地；on sale 降价出售；on balance 总的来说。他的话让我 意识到自己的确没有有意识地做一些让自己变得更好的事情。故 B 项正确。 47.C 考查名词辨析。comment 评论； announcement 通告；decision 决定；arrangement 安排。此处是说，我 做出了一个决定：要为我的生活做一个个人的成长计划。故 C 项正确。 48.A 考查名词辨析。life 生活；progress 进步；performance 表演；investment 投资。由上下文可知 A 项正确。 49.B 考查名词辨析。contract 合同，契约；conversation 对话；negotiation 谈判；协商；argument 争论。此 处是说，我把我和 Kurt 的谈话告诉了妻子。故 B 项正确。 50.C 考查动词辨析。我向妻子展示了 Kurt 正在出售的书和磁带。故 C 项正确。 51.C 考查动词辨析。我们意识到他并不是想向我们兜售自己的书，而是给了我们一个改变生活和实现梦想 的方法。根据句意可知 C 项正确。 52.C 考查名词辨析。Kurt 给了我们一个改变生活和实现梦想的方法。故 C 项正确。 53. B 考查动词辨析。此处是说，我们决定购买他的书和磁带等资源。故 B 项正确。 54. A 考查动词辨析。根据上文可知 Kurt 和我谈论的是个人成长的话题，我和妻子在他的影响下承诺共同 成长，一起进步。故 A 项正确。 55. D 考查形容词辨析。由 While too many couples grow apart, we were growing together.可知我和妻子一起成 长。说明他的资源对我们有很大的帮助，我们做出的是一个明智的决定。故 D 项正确。 【名师点睛】 完形填空的首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的 总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。因此，要充分利用 段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索。一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通 常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了 when, where, who, what 即 四个 W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味 性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味。 以本文为例，作者在前两句中提及到时间：years ago，for breakfast；人物：I，Kurt 说明叙述的是多 年之前在吃早饭的时候，我和 Kurt 进行的一番谈话。 另外完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用 法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的＂习语＂，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。 近年完形填空对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能 力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。第 38、39、46 题均考查的是词汇知识的辨 析。 同时我们利用复现信息解题。语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词 复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇 同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答 案。 考点：考查记叙文阅读 第三部分：阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。 A Day school Program Secondary students across Toronto District School Board(TDSB) are invited to take one or two e-Learning courses on their day school timetable. Students will remain on the roll at their day school. The on-line classroom provides an innovative, relevant and interactive learning environment. The courses and on-line classroom are provided by the Ministry of Education. These on-line courses are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers; are part of the TDSB Student’s timetable; and appear on the Student’s report upon completion. Benefits of e-Learning Include: access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school; using technology to provide students with current information: and, assistance to solve timetable conflicts. Is e-Learning for You? Students who are successful in an on-line course are usually: able to plan, organize time and complete assignments and activities; capable of working independently in a responsible and honest manner; and, able to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet access. Students need to spend at least as much time with their on-line course work as they would in a face-to-face classroom course. 56. E-Learning courses are different from other TDSB courses in that _________. A. they are given by best TDSB teachers B. they are not on the day school timetable C. they are not included on students’ reports D. they are an addition to TDSB courses 57. What do students need to do before completing e-Learning courses? A. To learn information technology on-line. B. To do their assignments independently. C. To update their mobile devices regularly. D. To talk face to face with their teachers. 【答案】56. D 57. B 【解析】试题分析：本文介绍了 TDSB 学校中给学生提供的网络学习课程，介绍了这一课程的内容、益处 以及要求。 56.D 推理判断题。根据 Benefits of e-Learning 部分中的 Include: access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school.可知 D 项正确。 57.B 推理判断题。根据 Is e-Learning for You?部分中的 Students who are successful in on-line course are usually: capable of working independently in a responsible and honest manner 可知 B 项正确。 【名师点睛】 在完成广告类文章阅读时，我们可以使用题干定向法和排除法解题。 一、题干定向法： 如果题干的问题与原文中的相应句段基本相同，则可直接对号入座；如果题干的问题与 原文中的相应句段有较大出入，则要进行一定的处理，这个＂处理＂是多方面的，它可能包括对原文进行 同义变换、对概念进行解析、对事实进行归纳、将具体问题抽象化或将抽象问题具体化、将文中提到的原 则或规则进行实际运用等等。 以第 56 题为例，根据题干内容，定位于 Benefits of e-Learning 部分 access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school 可知 e-Learning 中的一些课程是 TDSB 课程的一些有益的补充。 二、错误排除法：一般说来，对于那些与文意明显不符或与文章内容不相关的选项比较容易排除， 但有些 选项与文章内容相符，却与题干问题不吻合，即属答非所问的情形，也应作为错误项予以排除，尤其是那 些从文章中摘录的句子，要特别小心，它们很有可能是干扰项。除了验证其是否能回答所提问题外，还要 看它是否回答了问题的主要方面， 也就是说看它是不是最佳答案， 如果它只能回答所提问题的一个侧面 或还有比它更合适的选项，都要毫不犹豫地将其排除。 考点：考查广告类阅读 B Chimps(黑 猩猩 ) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food. In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random—he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish. Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate a achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help. There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world. The cure of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a ＂we＂, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal. 58. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps? A. Chimps seldom care about others’ interests. B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children. C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food. D. Chimps naturally share food with each other. 59. Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they _________. A. have the instinct to help others B. know how to offer help to adults C. know the world better than chimps D. trust adults with their hands full 60. The passage is mainly about _________. A. the helping behaviors of young children B. ways to train children’s shared intentionality C. cooperation as a distinctive human nature D. the development of intelligence in children 【答案】58.A 59.A 60.C 【解析】试题分析：本文从猩猩的自私行为导入到人类无私帮助他人的本能，分析了人类愿意帮助他人、 愿意与他人合作的本能的原因。 58.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的＂If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or... Chimps are truly selfish＂可知 A 项正确。 59.A 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句 He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.和第四段第一句 There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children.可知 A 项正确。 60.C 主旨大意题。本文属于科普说明文，作者从猩猩的自私行为导入到人类无私帮助他人的本能，分析 了人类愿意帮助他人、愿意与他人合作的本能的原因。A、B、D 项都属于文章的部分内容，并非中心思想。 故 C 项正确。 【名师点睛】 本文第 60 小题是主旨大意题。本文使用了正方形写作法。即中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主 题句。阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。 分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳 形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。（自然段少的文 章中心句不很明显。自然段多的文章，则比较好联系中心句，找一个和中心句最贴近的选项），文章段落的 中间部分则可采用略读或扫读的方式，一则省时间，二则目标明确，正确率自然也相应提高了。掌握了找 主题句或中心句的方法，就可以依据主题句或中心句归纳主题。 考生要特别注意： 首段陷阱。即首段虽然貌似主题句或中心句，但却没有完整概括文章全意，或只片面 地说到文章的某一个层次。这样的信息用来做主题句或中心句就会落入陷阱。以本文为例：本文的第一段 只是一个导入的段落，从第一段中猩猩的自私行为导入到第三段中人类无私帮助他人的本能，分析了人类 愿意帮助他人、愿意与他人合作的本能天性的原因。 考点：考查科普说明文阅读 C El Nino, a Spanish term for ＂the Christ child＂, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nino sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round. The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nino, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nino in 1997-98 helped American’s economy grow by $15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones. But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought( 干 旱 ) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters. The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction. Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority. 61. What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1? A. It is named after a South American fisherman. B. It takes place almost every year all over the world. C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas. D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean. 62. What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected? A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall. B. Droughts become more harmful than floods. C. Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses. D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically. 63. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that _________. A. more investment should go to risk reduction B. governments of poor countries need more aid C. victims of El Nino deserve more compensation D. recovery and reconstruction should come first 64. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To introduce El Nino and its origin. B. To explain the consequences of El Nino. C. To show ways of fighting against El Nino. D. To urge people to prepare for El Nino. 【答案】61.D 62.C 63.A 64.D 【解析】试题分析：本文介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响，并告诉我们政府应该做更多的投资预防厄 尔尼诺的危害而不是在出现问题以后进行重新补救和恢复。 61.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 El Nino sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.可知厄尔尼诺现象见证了海洋中水流方向的变化。故 D 正确。 62.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 Rich countries gain more from powerful Nino, on balance, than they lose. 可知富有国家从厄尔尼诺现象中得到的好处多于它带来的损失。C 项正确。 63.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第三句 According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.故 A 项正确。 64.D 目的意图题。根据最后一句＂Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.＂各国政府要把减少损失放在优先的位置。也 就是说我们要事先做好准备。故 D 项正确。 【名师点睛】 第 64 小题属于阅读理解中的目的意图题。作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是什么,其观点 和态度都不可避免地在文章中反映出来｡常见的涉及到作者态度的词有褒义类词（approving, positive, optimistic,等），贬义类词(critical, pessimistic, doubtful, questioning)和中性类词(indifferent, serious, objective, concerned, neutral)。这就要求考生在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞,尤其注意那些表达感情色彩的形容词如 improving, encouraging, disappointing, ignore 等，以及作者对人物语言､行为和思想的描写,从中领悟作者的 写作意图和态度｡ 本文最后一句 Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.既然最贫穷的国家最不可能从厄尔尼诺这样的灾难中得到弥补， 那么我们要把减少损失放在首要位置。从本句的措辞中可以看出本文正是要敦促我们要为可能发生的厄尔 尼诺做好准备。 考点：考查科普说明文阅读 D Not so long ago, most people didn’t know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. There was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future. However, one person wants to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness. Her time were not exactly impressive, but even so, he seemed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking. He decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons. Their cooperation quickly produced results, and a few year later at Jamaica’s Olympic games in early 2008, Shelly Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat Jamaica’s unchallenged queen of the sprint(短跑). ＂Where did she come from?＂ asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs. But Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder. At the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold. She did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton, becoming world champion with a time of 10.73 —the fourth record ever. Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless. She grew up in one of Jamaica’s toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Several of Shelly-Ann’s friends and family were caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. Sometimes her family didn’t have enough to eat. She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn’t afford shoes. Her mother Maxime, one of a family of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in Waterhouse, had to stop after she had her first baby. Maxime’s early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse’s roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything. It didn’t take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports. But Shelly-Ann’s victory was far greater than that. The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped. The dark cloud above one of the world’s toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days. ＂ I have so much fire burning for my country,＂ Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world. As Muhammad Ali puts it, ＂Champions aren’t made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision. ＂ One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth. 65. Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann? A. He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble. B. He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses. C. She had big problems maintaining her performance. D. She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets. 66. What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games? A. She would become a promising star. B. She badly needed to set higher goals. C. Her sprinting career would not last long. D. Her talent for sprinting was known to all. 67. What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track? A. Her success and lessons in her career. B. Her interest in Shelly-Ann’s quick profit. C.Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty. D.Her early entrance into the sprinting world. 68. What can we infer from Shelly-Ann’s statement underlined in Paragraph 5? A. She was highly rewarded for her efforts. B. She was eager to do more for her country. C. She became an athletic star in her country. D. She was the envy of the whole community. 69. By mentioning Muhammad Ali’s words, the author intends to tell us that ________. A. players should be highly inspired by coaches B. great athletes need to concentrate on patience C. hard work is necessary in one’s achievements D.motivation allows great athletes to be on the top 70. What is the best title for the passage? A.The Making of a Great Athlete B.The Dream for Championship C.The Key to High Performance D.The Power of Full Responsibility 【答案】65. B 66. C 67. C 68.B 69.D 70. A 【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇励志短文，牙买加著名女飞人 Shelly-Ann 从不被人看好到成为奥运冠军， 再到最后成为世界上跑的最快的女性，并想用自己的影响力改变能够吞噬了很多人梦想的贫民窟。 65.B 推理判断题。根据第一段五、六句＂Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness. Her time were not exactly impressive, but even so, he seemed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking.＂可知 Stephen Francis 从她的身上看到了其他教练忽视的潜力。 故 B 项正确。 66.C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句＂Where did she come from?＂ asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs.可知当 Shelly-Ann 在 2008 年奥运会上获得冠军以后，很多人都质疑她是一个 流星而已，认为她的成功不会延续很长时间。故 C 项正确。 67.C 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句 Maxime’s early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse’s roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.可知 Shelly-Ann 的母亲 Maxime 很早进入要承担很多责任的成人世界，她决定要让女儿 Shelly-Ann 离开混乱的 Waterhouse，唯一的方法就是让女儿练习田径。故 C 项正确。 68.B 推理判断题。根据第五段最后四句＂ I have so much fire burning for my country,＂Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.可知 B 项正确。 69.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段拳王阿里的名言：冠军不是体育馆里造出来的。造就冠军的是冠军内心深 处的某种东西——渴望、梦想、愿景。他们需同时拥有技能和意志，但是意志必须强于技能。作者是在 告诉我们动力让运动员们达到巅峰。故 D 项正确。 70.A 标题概括题。本文介绍了牙买加著名女飞人 Shelly-Ann 从不被人看好到成为奥运冠军，再到最后成为 世界上跑的最快的女性。激励我们要想成功必须要经过艰苦的努力。故 A 项正确。B、C、D 三项的范围 有点过大，与文章不贴切。 【名师点睛】 第 70 小题属于主旨大意题中的标题概括题。文章标题通常有如下要求：不能过大或过于笼统；也不能 过小、以偏概全。标题是文章中心思想的精练表达,多为一个名词词组，短小明了,涵盖性强｡做这类题目时, 要在阅读全文的基础上,把握好层次关系。注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分,干扰项往往是局部信息，是某一 小节或文章里的某一句。所以我们在解题时要反复推敲，把概括范围过窄或过宽的选项过滤掉。 好的文章 标题具有较强的针对性、独特性，能够准确地概括出这篇短文的主旨大意。本题中 B、C、D 三项的内容都 与文章内容不够贴切，范围显得过大。我们可以使用逆向推理方法识别范围过大的标题。 考点：考查记叙文阅读 第四部分：任务型阅读（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个．．最恰当的单词。 注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。 An Extension of the Human Brain Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies (欠缺)，much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I’ve called a ＂social prosthetic (义肢的）system.＂ Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face, and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It’s already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment. Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet, I don’t need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing; I’m no longer comfortable writing if I’m not connected to the Internet. It’s become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia, or other websites. Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when I’m writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many others. If I have a ＂new idea,＂ I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet. These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I’ve begun using a smartphone. I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting). But that’s the upside (好处). The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between. An Extension of the Human Brain A prosthetic nature ●The (71) ▲ can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency. ●It (72) ▲ in our daily events, extending our intelligence, comprehending our feelings, and expanding the range of social activities. Wonderful aspects: memory and judgment ●On the Internet, we could quickly and easily locate the details, and check facts, without (73) ▲ them in mind. ●The Internet makes us smarter over (74) ▲ kinds of things. It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the (75) ▲ of the matter. ●The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to (76) ▲ our claims, and to (77) ▲ our actions. The (78) ▲ sides of smartphones ●Smartphones make it easier and more (79) ▲ to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo. ●Smartphones (80) ▲ the possibility for new and insightful minds, and steal away our dead time. 【答案】 71. Internet 72. participates/joins 73. keeping 74. all/different/various 75. heart/core 76. check 77. judge 78. mixed/two 79. convenient 80. reduce 【解析】 71. Internet 原词再现。根据第一段第四句 Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face, and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.可知因特网可以拓宽社会义肢系统 的范围，也就是说网络可以弥补我们精神和情感上的缺陷。 72. participates/joins 同义句转换。根据第一段最后两句 It’s already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.可知动词短语＂participate/join in＂符合句意。 73. keeping 词形转换。根据第二段第一句＂Once I look up something on the Internet, I don’t need to keep all the details.....＂可知动词短语＂keep...in mind 记住＂，在表格中放在介词 without 的后面，要使用动名词 keeping 的形式。 74. all/different/various 同义词转换。根据第三段第一句 The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.可知原文中＂matters small and large＂就是＂all/different/various＂的事情。 75. heart/core 同义句转换。根据第三段第二句＂.....which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning＂可知网络能让我们找到事物的核心并理解其真正含义。故短语＂the core/heart of the matter＂和原 文中＂dig into the core＂语义一致。 76. check 同义词转换。根据第三段第四句＂If I have a ＂ new idea,＂ I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought.＂可知当我们有了新的观点以后，我们会上网检查核对别人是否已经有了同样的观点，并对自 己的行动做出判断。表格中 check 与原文语义一致。 77. judge 归纳总结。根据第三段最后一句＂Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.＂可知在网络上阅读其他人的信息，让我判断 我的行为是否合理，所以表格里使用动词 judge。 78. mixed/two 归纳总结。在文章最后两段中既提到了智能手机的优点也提到了其缺点。所以这是智能手机 的正反两方面内容，所以使用形容词＂mixed/two＂。 79. convenient 同义句转换。根据第四段后两句 I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting).可知我们可以使用智能手机随时查信息，看视频，读微博，使用起来非常方便。所以使用形 容词＂convenient＂。 80. reduce 句意转换。根据文章最后两句＂The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.＂在过去那些＂dead periods＂时，我总会有一些灵光一现的神来之念，但是现在这些时间都 被智能手机占用了。无疑就减少了这些神来之念的可能性。所以表格中使用＂reduce the possibility＂。 【名师点睛】 任务型读写要求考生在有限的时间内快速领会文章的主旨大意，快速理解句段细节意义和理清上下文 的逻辑关系，要能够理解文章作者的观点、态度和意图，同时不能忽视对语篇的整体把握和领悟。考查题 型分为以下三类： 一、信息筛选题：信息筛选题是基础题目，一般可以直接通过将表格和短文进行对照，边读文章边找出与 试题相关的句子信息，获取到相关单词，有时试题和原文句型句式不同，需进行简单的逻辑推理然后找到 相应单词，不需变化，直接填入。如第 71、75 题。 二、整合转换题：整合转换题是典型的二次加工题型，需要考生有基本的构词法知识，对句子成分和词性 的对应关系要明确。做题时，不但要找到与试题相关的句子信息，还要根据词法和句法知识以及上下文的 逻辑关系进行加工，从而提炼出新词。可细分为如下两种情况： 1．词形整合转换。被考查单词在原文和试题中充当的句子成分不同，因而需在名词、动词、形容词、副词 等之间进行转换。如第 73、77 题。 2．句型整合转换。试题中的被考查单词在原文中找不到同根词，无法获取单词进行转换，需根据原文中相 应句子的意义和上下文逻辑联系进行句型转换。如第 72、74、76、79、80 题。 （1）表格内词性、大小写和语法运用上要保持一致。同一单元格要注意在用词方面保持一致的格式。 （2）善用同义词和反义词进行转换。 （3）正确使用构词法。 （4）熟练运用语法句型转换。 三、综合概括题：综合概括题要求考生对全文或段落进行总体语篇把握，通过观察表格的设置特点，从而 归纳和概括出所考查的单词。此类设题一般位于表格的第一行或第一列。为了更快捷地掌握概括能力，总 结和熟记一些概括性词汇及其固定搭配也是很有必要的。如第 79 小题。 下面举一些基本的概括性词汇：总结、概括：conclusion, summary 建议：suggestion, tip, advice, proposal, recommendation 影响：effect, influence, impact 印象：impression 因果：reason, cause; result, consequence。 考点：考查任务型阅读 第五部分：书面表达（满分 25 分） 81. 请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 In recent years, internet voting has become increasingly popular in China. People not only cast on-line votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for competitions like the ＂Most Beautiful Teacher＂ and the ＂ Cutest Baby＂. Li Jiang, a high school student, is invited to vote in the ＂ Best Police Officer＂ competition, organized by the local government to let the public have a better understanding of police officers’ daily work. Li Jiang visits the website and reads all the stories. He is deeply moved by their glorious deeds. He is already thinking of becoming a policeman himself in the future. Su Hua is invited by his uncle to vote for his cousin in the ＂ Future Singer＂ competition. He has already received three similar invitations this week. His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition, the family will win an overseas tour for free. Su Hua likes his cousin very much, but he finds other singers perform even better. To vote, or not to vote? This is a question that troubles him very much. 【写作内容】 1. 用约 30 个单词写出上文概要； 2. 用约 120 个单词阐述你对网络投票的看法，并用 2~3 个理由或论据支撑你的看法。 【写作要求】 1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 不必写标题。 【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 【答案】 Possible version one: On-line voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it. It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not. In my opinion, on-line voting is an inseparable part of modern life and should be welcomed, since it is no more than a way to participate in public life. It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which candidates go around to seek supports. In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless of time and space. Furthermore, voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible. To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed, not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness. Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey. Therefore, I hold a positive attitude towards on- line voting. (150 words) Possible version two: Internet voting is quite popular nowadays. Many people are somewhat puzzled at the negative side of the voting, although some are quite happy with it, and active in doing it. In my opinion, Internet voting has begun to show its negative impacts on people and society. Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don’t want to. Secondly, voting of this kind does not depend on the strong points of the competitors, but rather on how many social-networking resources they have. Thirdly, the voters or even the competitors in many cases are possibly taken advantage of by the organizers for commercial purposes. In short, Internet voting, to some extent, is unfair, if not immoral, and cannot be trusted. Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed. Everyone in our society should help those in need, but it is more important to be sincere and earnest. (150 words) 【解析】 试题分析：此类作文对考生的能力要求极高。首先考生要以 30 字概述短文内容。接下来就网络投票发表个 人看法并提出理由和根据。文章要使用第三人称和一般现在时为主的时态。要点： 1.概述：网络投票越来越流行，几乎人人都参与了网络投票，在给人们带来好处的同时，有时候也让人进退 两难不知道是否应该参加这样的投票。 2.支持：网络投票和生活密切相关，我们应该积极参与。理由及依据：（1）它是一种社会生活的方式；网络 投票方便容易，不受时间和地点的束缚，同时网络投票的反馈迅速可靠；（2）虽然有时候网络投票也会给 我们带来困扰，但如果有更好的参与规则，网络投票会更加规范合理。 3.反对：网络投票会给人带来负面影响：（1）人们会因为网络投票而产生被迫的感觉；（2）网络投票结果并 不客观；（3）网络投票可能会被故意利用。建议考生在写作概述时，语言简练不拖沓。 【名师点睛】 本篇范文很好地完成了所有任务。文章结构合理，层次分明。第一段总结归纳短文内容提出网络投票很 流行，给人们带来好处同时也有不利之处。第二段提出个人观点并给出理由，两篇范文中正反观点明确， 论据有力；第三段中提出合理化建议。文中的时态和人称运用准确无误无误，体现出很高的运用语言的能 力。从写作技巧来看，文章中使用了较多的复合句，如定语从句... in which candidates go around to seek supports. 状语从句...if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey.同时文章中串联词运用较为合理，如 in my opinion，in addition，furthermore，to be honest 等等。 考点：书面表达 2016 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷） 英 语 参考答案 第一部分(共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，共 20 分) 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. B 第二部分(共 35 小题；每小题 1 分，共 35 分) 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. C 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. B 41. B 42. D 43. A 44. A 45. D 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. C 51. C 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. D 第三部分(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分) 56. D 57. B 58. A 59. A 60. C 61. D 62. C 63. A 64. D 65. B 66. C 67. C 68. B 69. D 70. A 第四部分(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，共 10 分) 71. Internet 72. participates/joins 73. keeping 74. all/different/various 75. heart/core 76. check 77. judge 78. mixed/two 79. convenient 80. reduce 第五部分(满分 25 分) Possible version one: On-line voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it. It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not. In my opinion, on-line voting is an inseparable part of modern life and should be welcomed, since it is no more than a way to participate in public life. It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which candidates go around to seek supports. In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless of time and space. Furthermore, voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible. To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed, not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness. Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey. Therefore, I hold a positive attitude towards on-line voting. (150 words) Possible version two: Internet voting is quite popular nowadays. Many people are somewhat puzzled at the negative side of the voting, although some are quite happy with it, and active in doing it. In my opinion, Internet voting has begun to show its negative impacts on people and society. Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don’t want to. Secondly, voting of this kind does not depend on the strong points of the competitors, but rather on how many social-networking resources they have. Thirdly, the voters or even the competitors in many cases are possibly taken advantage of by the organizers for commercial purposes. In short, Internet voting, to some extent, is unfair, if not immoral, and cannot be trusted. Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed. Everyone in our society should help those in need, but it is more important to be sincere and earnest. (150 words)