高考英语第一轮词汇复习题8 21页

Chapter 8 SBI Units 15 – 16‎ ‎☆重点句型☆‎ ‎1. There is no doubt that ...‎ ‎2. It is dangerous or bad for your health.‎ ‎3. I would rather not tell you.‎ ‎4. Pierre and I did have a good time at the ball.‎ ‎5. It was worth five hundred francs at most.‎ ‎6. The money would be better spent building more roads or railways in other parts of China.‎ ‎7. Fasten a key to the end of the long string.‎ ‎ ☆重点词汇☆‎ ‎1. recognize / recognise v. 认出；识别 ‎2. surely adv. 确实 ‎ ‎3. franc n. 法郎 ‎4. lovely adj. 好看的；可爱的 ‎5. debt n. 债务；欠款 ‎6. besides prep. 除……之外；adv．此外 ‎7. outline n. 轮廓；要点 ‎8. alien adj. 外国的；n. 外星人 ‎9. earn v. 赚得；挣得 ‎10. prove v. 证明 ‎11. quality n. 质量；品质 ‎12. tear v. 撕扯 ‎13. advantage n. 优点；优势 ‎14. disadvantage n. 不利；弊端 ‎15. charge v. 使充电；控告；攻击 ‎16. successful adj. 成功的；胜利的 ‎17. experiment n. 实验；试验 ‎18. continue v. 继续 ‎19. attend v. 出席 ‎20. shock v. 打击；震动 ‎21. doubt n. 怀疑 ‎22. comfort n. 舒适；安慰 ‎23. positive adj. 肯定的；积极的 ‎24. economy n. 经济 ‎25. unnecessary adj. 不必要的 ‎26. sharp adj. 锐利的；锋利的 ‎27. foot n. 英尺，足feet(复数)‎ ‎28. electrical adj. 电的 ‎29. precious adj. 贵重的；宝贵的 ‎30. cruel adj. 残酷的 ‎ ☆重点短语☆‎ ‎1. bring back 拿回来；使恢复 ‎2. come up with 想出或提出(答案、办法)‎ ‎3. pay off 还清；付清 ‎4. test on 在……(身上)做实验 ‎5. take up 从事于；占据(时间或空间)‎ ‎6. protect...from... 保护；免受 ‎7. make use of 利用 ‎8. pay for sth 付……钱；受到惩罚 ‎9. break the laws 犯法 ‎10. make a list of 列出 ‎11. in my opinion 依我之见 ‎12. pick out 辨别出；挑出 ‎13. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 ‎14. a great deal of 大量的；很多的 ‎15. protect...from... 保护……免受……‎ ‎16. play a role 扮演角色 ‎17. pull...from 从……拉／拖 ‎18. fall asleep 入睡 ‎19. get killed 丧命；被杀 ‎20. a waste of 浪费……‎ ‎ ☆交际用语☆‎ ‎ 1. It can't be tree.‎ ‎ 2. I would rather not tell you.‎ ‎ 3. Does that matter?‎ ‎ 4. It is good for the economy.‎ ‎ 5. It can help many people in the future.‎ ‎ 6. It is clean and does not pollute the air.‎ ‎ 7. It is important for science.‎ ‎ 8. It brings people comfort.‎ ‎ 9. It is too expensive.‎ ‎10. It is dangerous or had for your health.‎ ‎ ☆单词聚焦☆‎ ‎4. attend vt. 出席，参加；照顾；注意 ‎ attendance n. 出席 ‎ attendant n. 服务员 ‎ They attended our affairs during our absence.‎ ‎ 他们在我们不在时管理我们的事务。‎ ‎ So many people attended the meeting.‎ ‎ 很多人出席了这次会议。‎ ‎ The old lady has a good nurse attending her.‎ ‎ 这位老太太有一位好护士照顾她。‎ ‎ He attended my every word in class.‎ ‎ 上课时他倾听我的每一句话。‎ ‎【考点6】attract的用法 ‎▲构词：‎ ‎① attraction n. 吸引，吸引力，吸引人的事物 ‎② attractive adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的 ‎③ attractively adv. 动人地，迷人地 ‎▲ 搭配：attract sb's attention 引起…注意 ‎【考例6】[2004全国IV] Finally, I was ____ by his lively sense of humor.‎ ‎ A. disturbed B. moved ‎ C. attracted D. defeated ‎[考查目标]本题考查attract的词义。‎ ‎[答案与解析]C 句意是“我被他的幽默感所吸引”。‎ ‎3. besides prep. 除……之外(还有) adv．此外 ‎ besides 具有附加性质，用于否定句中可以与except,‎ ‎ but换用。‎ ‎ Besides English, he knows three other languages.‎ ‎ 除了英语之外，他还懂三种语言。‎ ‎ Nobody knows it besides / except / but me.‎ ‎ 除了我以外，准也不知道那件事。‎ ‎5. charge v. 充电；索价；攻击；控诉 ‎ Does your car battery charge easily?‎ ‎ 你的车电池充电容易吗?‎ ‎ How much do you charge for your old car?‎ ‎ 你的旧车要价多少?‎ ‎ Suddenly the tiger charged at me.‎ ‎ 突然老虎向我冲过来。‎ ‎ John was charged with murder.‎ ‎ 约翰被控犯谋杀罪。‎ ‎ 相关词组：free of charge 免费的 ‎ in charge of 负责；掌管 ‎ in / under the charge of 由……管理 ‎【考点4】charge的用法 ‎▲ 搭配：‎ ‎① charge sb. some money for 为……向某人索取／收取 ‎ 多少钱 ‎② charge oneself with 承担(工作)，接受(任务)‎ ‎③ at one's own charge(s) / expenses 自费，用自己的钱 ‎④ put…down to sb's charge 把……记在某人账上 ‎⑤ in charge 主管，负责；在拘留中 ‎⑥ in charge of 负责，经管，照顾 ‎⑦ in / under the charge of sb 由某人负责，由某人照 ‎ 料／管理 ‎⑧ take charge (of) 负责，照料，保管等；掌管，接办 ‎12. conduct n. 行为，操行 ‎ the rules of conduct 行为准则 ‎ foolish conduct 愚蠢的行为 ‎ He was scolded because of his bad conduct.‎ ‎ v. 引导，管理，指挥，售票 ‎ Copper conducts electricity better than other materials ‎ do.‎ ‎ 铜比其它材料要容易导电。‎ ‎ She's conducted on buses for 10 years.‎ ‎ 她在公共汽车上当了10年售票员。‎ ‎【考点 3】conduct的用法 ‎▲ 构词：‎ ‎① conduction n. 传导，导电；输送，传播，引流 ‎② conductor n. 领导者，经理，乐队指挥，(电车或公共 ‎ 汽车) 售票员，列车员 ‎▲ 搭配：conduct oneself well行为端证 ‎▲ 辨析：conduct；guide；lead 三者作为动词比较一般的含义是“领”、“导”或“引”。‎ conduct具体名词conductor (①向导②公共汽车等的 ‎“售票员”)；表示“指导”、“引导”时含有明显的主从关 系，即被引导者不服从是不可以的。例如：‎ The policeman eventually had his hands tied up and conducted him to a shelter. 警察最后把他的双手绑了 起来并把他带到一个防空洞。‎ guide (抽象名词 guidance，具体名词guide “向导”) 是通 用词，可以用于“为别人带路”、“指导别人的学习、品行 修养”，它的内涵是避免走弯路或遇到危险。例如：‎ Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. 数 干只灯笼慢慢向大海漂去，给死人返回阴间指明道路。‎ He is now studying under the guidance of Professor Green. 他现在正在格林教授的指导下学习。‎ lead (抽象名词leadership “领导”，具体名词 leader “领 袖”、“领队”)可以表示“领导”、“带路”，但它总含有领 导者走在前面．而把被领导者控制在自己的权威之下，‎ 或被领导者处于秩序井然的状态中的意思。例如：‎ Our guide led us through a series of caves. 我们的向导 带领着我们穿过一个接一个的洞穴。‎ ‎【考例3】[NMET 2003·完形] ...when I'd have predic-‎ ted the score to be about 9 to ‎1 in my favor, it was in-‎ stead 7 to 9 -- and Ed was ____.‎ ‎ A. leading B. coming ‎ C. waiting D. counting ‎[考查目标]本题考查 conduct 以及近义词的用法。‎ ‎[答案与解析]A leading在本句中有形容词性，意思 是“领先的”。‎ ‎【考点2】continue的用法 ‎▲构词：‎ ‎① continuous adj. 连续的．持续的 ‎② continuously adv. 不断地，连续地 ‎▲ 搭配：‎ ‎① continue doing sth / to do sth 继续做某事 ‎② continue (with) sth 继续做某事 ‎▲ 辨析：continue，last 都含“继续”、“延续”的意思。‎ continue 指“持续而无终止”，通常强调“不间断”。例 如：continue one's work 继续工作 last 指“持久”、“延续”。例如：‎ The rain will not last long. 这雨不会持续很久。‎ ‎【考例2】[2003北京春招] They ____ to see each other around school, had lunch together once or two,‎ and then both ended up from the same high school.‎ ‎ A. continued B. agreed ‎ C. forced D. offered ‎ [考查目标] 本题考查 continue 的词义。‎ ‎[答案与解析]A continue 的宾语多种多样，它的意思 是“继续”。‎ ‎【考点7】control的用法 ‎▲ 构词：‎ ‎① controlled adj. 受约束的．克制的 ‎②controller n. 管理员，控制器 ‎▲ 搭配：‎ ‎① in control (of) 控制 ‎② under control 受控制 ‎③ out of control 失控，不能操纵 ‎④ have / keep control (of / over) 可以控制 ‎⑤ lose control (of) 失去(对……的)控制 ‎⑥ take controls (of) 管辖，管理，控制 ‎【考例7】[2004重庆] Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was ____, so I went in.‎ ‎ A. out of control B. under control ‎ C. in control D. over control ‎[考查目标] 本题考查control搭配的用法和意思。‎ ‎[答案与解析]A out of control的意思是“失去控制”。‎ ‎16. doubt n. 怀疑 vt. 怀疑 ‎ [拓展] doubtful adj. 令人生疑的 ‎ I don' t doubt that he'll come.‎ ‎ There is no doubt that you'll succeed.‎ ‎ [搭配] without (a) doubt 毫无疑问地，确实地 ‎ in doubt 感到怀疑 no doubt 无疑；很可能 ‎【考点5】doubt 的用法 ‎▲构词：‎ ‎① doubtful adj. 怀疑的，疑心的；不能确定的，可疑的 ‎②doubtfully adv. 怀疑地，含糊地 ‎③ doubtless adj. 无疑的，确定的 ‎ adv. 无疑地．确定地 ‎▲ 搭配：‎ ‎① beyond / past (all) doubt (常作插入语)毫无疑问 ‎② cast / throw doubt on... 对…产生怀疑，使人对…产 ‎ 生怀疑 ‎③ hang in doubt 悬而未决。还不能确定 ‎④ in doubt 感到怀疑，拿不准；被怀疑，悬而未决 ‎⑤ no doubt 无疑地，很可能 ‎⑥ without (a) doubt 无疑地 ‎⑦ be / feel doubtful of / about... / that-clause怀疑 ‎▲友情提示：doubt常表示“怀疑”，其后接名词从句时，‎ 主句为疑问句和否定句时，从旬常用连词that, but that。主句为旨定句从句一般用连接词whether, if what, when 等。如主句为肯定句而从句用连词that，‎ 则往往表示“非常怀疑、不相信”。‎ ‎【考例5】(2005广东)Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ____ a cure for AIDS will be found.‎ ‎ A. which B. that C. what D. whether ‎[考查目标] doubt 的用法。‎ ‎[答案与解析]B no doubt后为同位语从句，that作为 引导词，不充当句子成分。‎ ‎2. earn vt. 赚得；挣得；赢得 ‎ I had not earned one penny with it up to the moment.‎ ‎ 到目前为止我还没有赚到一分钱。‎ ‎ His victories in the wars earned him the title of "The ‎ Great".‎ ‎ 他百战百胜赢得了“常胜将军”的称号。‎ ‎ [拓展]earn one's living 谋生 ‎ earnings 赚得的钱 ‎ She earned a living by singing in a night club.‎ ‎ 她靠在夜总会唱歌谋生。‎ ‎14. prove vt. 证明，证实 ‎ How did you prove that he was the thief?‎ ‎ The finger prints on the knife can prove him the murdurer.‎ ‎ [注意] prove 还常用作系动词，意为“证明是，结果 ‎ 是”。‎ ‎ The drug proved (to be) highly effective.‎ ‎ What he said proved (to be) true.‎ ‎1. reeognise vt. 识别，认出；承认，认可 ‎ reeognisable adj. 可认出的；可识别的 ‎ recognition n. 认识，认出；承认 ‎ I recognized her by her red hat.‎ ‎ 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。‎ ‎ He recognized his lack of qulifacation for the post.‎ ‎ 他承认了自已不够条件承担那个职务。‎ ‎ I recognise him to be cleverer than I am.‎ ‎ = I recxgnise that he is cleverer than I am.‎ ‎ 我承认他比我更聪明。‎ ‎【考点1】recognize的用法 ‎▲ 构词：recognition n. 赞誉，承认，重视，公认，赏识，‎ 识别 ‎▲ 搭配：‎ ‎① recognize sb as / to be... 承认／公认某人……‎ ‎② beyond / out of recognition 完全改了模样，面目全非 ‎③ escape recognition 使人认不出 ‎【考例1】[2002北京] One of the processes of growing uD is being able to ____ and overcome our fears．‎ ‎ A. realize B. remember ‎ C. recognize D. recover ‎[考查目标] 本题考查recognize的意思。‎ ‎[答案与解析]C 在本句中recognize的意思是“认 清”。‎ ‎13. shock n. 打击，震惊，震动 vt. 使震惊，使惊愕 ‎ [拓展] shocking adj. 令人震惊的 ‎ She was white with shock.‎ ‎ The news of her husband's death was a terrible shock ‎ to her.‎ ‎ It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their ‎ children.‎ ‎ 见到邻居们这样对待孩子，我吃了一惊。‎ ‎ [注意] be / get shocked ‎ Mr Smith got shocked when he touched the wire.‎ ‎ 史密斯先生触到电线时遭到电击。‎ ‎15. tear (tore，torn) vt. & vi. 撕碎 ‎ He tore the letter into pieces.‎ ‎ She was so angry that she tore the picture in half.‎ ‎ This cloth tears easily.‎ ‎ [搭配] tear sth. down 拆除；拆毁 tear sth. up 撕碎 ‎【考点8】worth的用法 ‎▲构词：‎ ‎① worthless adj. 无价值的，无益的 ‎② worthwhile adj. 值得做的．值得出力的 ‎③ worthy adj. 应得某事物；值得做某事；有价值的，可 敬的，相称的 ‎▲ 搭配：‎ ‎① be worth notice / the trouble (抽象名词)值得注意／‎ ‎ 费点事 ‎② be (well) worth doing某事(很)值得一做 ‎▲ 友情提示：此时worth后的动名词的主动式具有被 ‎ 动的含义。‎ ‎③ It's (well) worth doing sth 做某事是(很)值得的 ‎④ worth it 值得花费时间／精力，值得一千，有必要 ‎【考例8】[2005北京西城模拟]‎ ‎-- How much is the T-shirt ____?‎ ‎-- 65 dollars.‎ ‎ A. worth B. cost C. worthy D. paid ‎[考查目标] 本题考查 worth 的基本用法。‎ ‎[答案与解析]A 加 worth 的后面可以接表示价格的 名词，就可以用how much来提问。‎ ‎[牛刀小试1]‎ 用所给单词的适当形式填空：‎ ‎(recognize, continue, conduct, charge, control, at—‎ tract, worth, doubt)‎ ‎1. I meant to buy the clock, but the seller ____ too ‎ much.‎ ‎2. You have cut your hair so short that I can hardly ‎ ____ you.‎ ‎3. ____ by the beauty of nature, they stayed in ‎ Hangzhou for another three days.‎ ‎4. They are too weak. I ____ whether they can bear ‎ the bad climate.‎ ‎5. The plane out of ___, crashed in the valley at ‎ last.‎ ‎6. I will ask Mr. Brown to ____ our company in-‎ ‎ stead of my uncle.‎ ‎7. Nobody knows how much the portrait is ‎8. We two left but the meeting still ‎☆词语比较☆‎ ‎1. because, since, as, for, now that ‎ 它们都可以被用来引导原因状语从句，其中 ‎ (1) because 语气最强，一般指事情发生的直接原因，‎ ‎ 回答提问，一般放在主句之后。‎ ‎ Because he was ill, he was late for school.‎ ‎ 他生病了，所以迟到了。‎ ‎ We must stay at home because it rained.‎ ‎ (2) since 较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原 ‎ 因，泽为“既然”，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知 ‎ 的理由。‎ ‎ Since you don't like it, I'll put it away.‎ ‎ 既然你不喜欢，我就把它放在一边。‎ ‎ (3) as “由于，鉴于”，指客观事实，常与since互换使 ‎ 用。‎ ‎ As there was no answer, I wrote again.‎ ‎ 鉴于没回复，我又写了一封信。‎ ‎ (4) for 是并列连词，不说明直接原因而是对某种情 ‎ 况加以推断，其引导的分句前常有逗号。‎ ‎ He must be ill, for he is absent today.‎ ‎ 他…定是生病了，因为他今天没来。‎ ‎ (5) now that 用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论。‎ ‎ Now that you are ready, we'll start at once.‎ ‎ 既然你已经准备好了，我们马上开始。‎ ‎2. continue, go on ‎ 两者都有“继续”的意思。‎ ‎ (1) continue to do / doing sth. 表示“不停地做某事”，‎ ‎ go on to do sth. 则表示“接着做另一件事情”，go on ‎ doing sth. 表示“继续做同一件事情”，它可指中断后 ‎ 的继续，也可指不中断的继续。‎ ‎ (2) continue后可直接跟名词，而go on后须加介词，‎ ‎ 才能接名词。‎ ‎ (3) continue可用作系动词，go on不可。‎ ‎ (4) continue后可接介词短语，表示仍在某地或某个 ‎ 职位，而go on不可。‎ ‎ The baby continued to cry / crying all night.‎ ‎ 这个婴儿哭了一夜。‎ ‎ It's time for class. Let's go on learning Lesson 5.‎ ‎ 上课了，我们继续上第五课。‎ ‎ He continues a good friend of mine.‎ ‎ 他仍是我的一个好朋友。‎ ‎ [拓展] to be mntinued 待续 (用于报刊上连载的文章等)‎ ‎3. worth, worthy, worthwhile ‎ 这三个形容词在使用时，容易混淆，worth只能作表 ‎ 语，后面常跟名词、代词或动名词的主动形式，‎ ‎ worthy的意思是“值得的”“配得上的”“可敬的”，作 ‎ 表语或定语，作表语时，构成以下词组：be worthy of ‎ being done / be worthy to be done。worthwhile作“值 ‎ 得的，合算的”讲，只能作表语。‎ ‎ 这个问题值得讨论。‎ ‎ The problem is worth discusaing / discussion.‎ ‎ The problem is worthy of being discussed / to be ‎ discussed.‎ ‎ The problem is worthy of discussion.‎ ‎ It is worthwhile to discuss / discussing the problem.‎ ‎【短语归类】‎ ‎10. act...out 把……表演出来；把……付诸行动 ‎ Everyone laughed when he acted out the episode.‎ ‎ 当他绘声绘色描绘那件事时，大家哄堂大笑。‎ ‎ They actually acted out their ideal．‎ ‎ 他们确实把自己的理想变成了行动。‎ ‎ act against 违反 ‎ act as 担任；充当 ‎ act on 奉行；对……起作用 ‎ act up 出毛病；捣乱 ‎7. after all 毕竟；终究 ‎ 这个词组有两个含意：“要知道……”；“别忘了 ‎ ……”，表示说话人对别人的态度，用来说服或提醒 ‎ 对方，引出听话人似乎忘记了的某个重要的论点或 ‎ 理由，在表这个意思时，一般把after all放在句首。‎ ‎ 该词组还表示“终究”，在表示这层意思时，after aIl ‎ 一般放于句末。‎ ‎ I think we should let her go on holiday alone. After ‎ all, she is fifteen and she isn't a child any more.‎ ‎ 我想应该让她独自去度假，(要知道)她毕竟已经15‎ ‎ 岁，不再是小孩了。‎ ‎ Mathilde thought it was a diamond necklace, but it ‎ wasn't a real one after all.‎ ‎ 玛蒂尔德原以为那足一条钻石项链，但那终归不是 ‎ 真的钻石项链。‎ ‎11. at (the) most最多；至多 ‎ I can pay only fifteen pounds at the most.‎ ‎ 我最多只能付15英镑。‎ ‎ This is worth 3000 yuan at the most.‎ ‎ 这个最多值3000元。‎ ‎ [拓展] at (the) least 至少；最少 ‎8. bring back 拿回来；使恢复 ‎ If you are going shopping, please bring back a tube of ‎ toothpaste?‎ ‎ 要是你上街，请买一支牙膏回来。‎ ‎ His words brought the whole event back.‎ ‎ 他的话使人想起了整个事件。‎ ‎ bring out 生产；制造 ‎ bring up 养育；教育 ‎ bring about 引起；致使 ‎ bring down 使落下 ‎6. call on / upon 访问，看望，拜访，要求，号召 ‎ Last night I called on Mr. Black and had a long talk.‎ ‎ 昨晚我拜访了布莱克先生，并同他作r长时间谈话。‎ ‎ The salesman called on our company twice a month.‎ ‎ 这位推销员每月来我们公司两次。‎ ‎ Mr. Read called on us to learn from Peter.‎ ‎ 雷德先生号召我们向彼得学习。‎ ‎ 与call相关的词组：‎ ‎ call after 以……的名字而命名 ‎ call at 访问，拜访 ‎ call for 要求；需求 ‎ call out 大声喊叫 ‎ call up 提醒 ‎9. pay off 还清(债务)；付清 ‎ It took us six years to pay off that judgment.‎ ‎ 我们花了六年才还清债务。‎ ‎ I'll certainly pay you back for what you did to me.‎ 你那样对待我，我一定要回敬你的。‎ ‎【考点3】pick构成的短语 ‎① pick out 挑出，辨认出 ‎② pick up 拾起，捡起，(用车)接，恢复(健康)，中途搭载 ‎③ pick off 摘下来 ‎④ pick at 少量地吃，老是挑剔(某人)‎ ‎⑤ pick & choose 挑三拣四 ‎[例句] My sister is going with me to help me pick out a new suit. 我姐姐要陪我去挑一件新衣服。‎ They showed their displeasure by continually picking at her. 他们不断挑剔她，表明了他们不满。‎ Henry's been ill, but he's picking up again now. 亨瑞病 了，但是很快又恢复了健康。‎ ‎【考例3】(NMET 1997) She ____ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right．‎ ‎ A. looked up B. looked for ‎ C. picked out D. picked up ‎[考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的用法。‎ ‎[答案与解析]A look up向上看，查找，查寻；look for 寻找；pick out 挑出来；pick up 拾起。本句话的意思为 ‎“她在电话簿中找电话号码以便确信她是对的”。‎ ‎17. pick out 挑出；辨别出；使显眼 ‎ I can pick out my sister in the crowd.‎ ‎ 我能在人群中认出我妹妹。‎ ‎ The houses in the painting were picked out in white.‎ ‎ 画中的房子在白色衬托下愈发突出。‎ ‎ [注意]与pick搭配的词组有：pick up 拿起，拾起，恢 ‎ 复；pick over 检查 ‎【考点1】含“介词at + (冠词) + 名词短语”‎ ‎① at the head of 在……最前头 ‎② at midnight 在半夜 ‎③ at present 现在，目前 ‎④ at once 立刻，马上 ‎⑤ at breakfast 早餐时 ‎⑥ at first 起先，首先 ‎⑦ at school 在学校，在上学 ‎⑧ at home 在家 ‎⑨ at night 在晚上 ‎⑩ at the moment 此刻 ‎⑩ at the end of 在……结尾．到……尽头 ‎⑩ at the same time 同时 ‎⑩ at times 有时，偶尔 ‎⑩ at all 一点也不 ‎⑩ at last 最后，起码 ‎⑩ at sea 在海上，茫然．奠名其妙 ‎⑥ at the age of 在……岁数时 ‎⑩ at the beginning of... 起初，开始 ‎⑩ at (the) most 至多 ‎④ at a time 每次 ‎① at one time 过去有段时间，曾经 ‎◎ at work 在工作 ‎④ at a loss 茫然 ‎⑨ at hospital 住院 ‎④ at (the) least 至少 ‎[例句] A policeman drove at the head of the procession.‎ 一名警察在游行的队伍前开着车。‎ At first he was a little shy in class, but now he acts more naturally. 起初在班里他有点害羞．但是现在自然 多了。‎ If you find anything not to your liking you will tell me at once? 如果你发现你不喜欢的东西，马上告诉我好吗?‎ At one time 1 used to play a lot of sport, but I seem to have lost interest now. 我曾经喜爱运动，但是现在好像 失去了兴趣。‎ I feel a little nervous at times. 有时我的确感到有些紧 张。‎ The meal came to an end at last, and Mr. Li rose. 这顿 饭终于吃完了，李先生站了起来。‎ I don't understand politics: I'm at sea when people talk about the government. 我不懂政治，当人们谈论政府 时，我就茫然了。‎ ‎【考例l】(NMET 1994) Don't all speak at once!‎ ‎____ please．‎ ‎ A. Each at one time ‎ B. One by one time ‎ C. One for each time ‎ D. One at a time ‎[考查目标]此题主要考查time短语的用法。‎ ‎[答案与解析]D at a time 每次；one at time 每次一 个；“一个接一个”应该用one by one, 不可以在后面加 lime；at one time过去有段时间，曾经。本句话意思是 ‎“不要都同时讲话，一个一个的说!”‎ ‎【考点2】与“数量”有关的短语 ‎① a few 一些，几个 ‎② a series of 一连串的。一系列 ‎③ a bit (of) 少量的，一点，也不 ‎④ a pairr of 一对，一双 ‎⑤ a bottle of 一瓶 ‎⑥ a glass of 一杯 ‎⑦ a piece of 一件 ‎⑧ a kind of 一种 ‎⑨ a little 一点 ‎⑩ a lot of / lots of 许多 ‎⑥ plenty of 许多，大量的 ‎⑥ a number of 许多 ‎⑩ the number of... …的数量 ‎⑩ a great deal of 许多，大量 ‎⑩ a basin of 一盆 ‎⑩ a bowl of 一碗 ‎⑥ a basket of 一篮 ‎⑩ a bucket of 一桶 ‎⑩ a handful of 一把 ‎⑩ a mouthful of 一口 ‎[例句] A series of rainy days spoiled our vacation. 一连 串的阴雨天破坏了我们的假期。‎ There lay a pair of glasses on the desk. 在课桌上放着一 副眼镜。‎ There was plenty of work for girls of her age. 对于她这 个年龄的女孩来说，有很多工作。‎ A great number of civilians were murdered in the war.‎ 大量的平民在战争中被杀害。‎ She thought that her friend must have been through a great deal of trouble. 她想她的朋友肯定经历了许多麻 烦事。‎ ‎【考例2】(NMET 1996) The number of people invited ‎____ fifty，but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons．‎ ‎ A. were; was B. was; was ‎ C. was; were D. were; were ‎[考查目标] 此题主要考查主谓一致。‎ ‎[答案与解析]C “the number of + 复数名词”作主语 时，谓语动词用单数形式；“a number of + 复数名词”作 主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎[牛刀小试2]‎ 根据所给汉语句子的意思完成英语句子，每空只填一 个词。‎ ‎1. 她费尽力气想看懂那些说明文字，却全然不知所云。‎ ‎ She tries to understand the instructions，but she was ____ ____ ____.‎ ‎2. 不要什么事情都一块儿干，要一次做一点儿。‎ Don't try to do everything ____; take ‎ it a bit ____.‎ ‎3. 这家出版社出版了一套新的英语学习读物。‎ ‎ The publishing house has published ____ ____ ____ ____English learning materials.‎ ‎4. 这裤子花了30美元，比预料的要贵得多。‎ These trousers ____ $30 ____ ____,‎ which was much more expensive than ____.‎ ‎5. 病人在医院住了好长一段时间，人们建议他去海边 ‎ 恢复健康。 ．‎ ‎ After staying in hospital for long, the patient was ‎ ____ to go to the seaside to ____ ____ his health．‎ ‎☆句型诠释☆‎ ‎1. 英语句型中的否定前移 ‎ 在英语中，如果主句的动词是think, suppose,‎ ‎ expect, believe, imagine 之类的动词，而且主语又是 ‎ 第一人称，宾语从句要表达否定，其否定形式应迁移 ‎ 到主句。但是，如果构成反意疑问句时，要把否定形 ‎ 式再迁移到从句中去，以从句为准。‎ ‎ I don't think you're right.‎ ‎ 我认为你不对。‎ ‎ I don't suppose I shall be back until 9 o'clock.‎ ‎ 我想几点以前我回不来。‎ ‎ I don't think your answer is right, is it?‎ ‎ 我认为你的回答不对，是不是?‎ ‎2. 助动词 do 强调谓语动词的用法 ‎ 在肯定句中，助动词do可用来强调谓语动词，带有 ‎ 感情色彩，可译成“真的，的确”。‎ ‎ You do look nice today. ‎ ‎ 你今天看起来真漂亮。‎ ‎ We did need help those days.‎ ‎ 在那些日子里我们的确需要帮助。‎ ‎3. be (was / were) to do ‎ 此结构表示安排、命令、职责、义务、目的、用途、可能 ‎ 性、命中注定等。‎ ‎ You are to be baek bv 11 o'clock.‎ ‎ 你得在11点钟前回来。(命令)‎ ‎ I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in ‎ Hangzhou.‎ ‎ 我谨通知你会议在杭州举行。(职责)‎ ‎ A knife is to cut with.‎ ‎ 刀是用来切割的。(用途)‎ ‎ They were never to meet again.‎ ‎ 他们注定以后永远不会见面。(命中注定)‎ ‎ If there is to be peace, we must try in every way to ‎ prevent war.‎ ‎ 要和平，就得想一切办法制止战争。(可能性)‎ ‎4. 祈使句 + and + 陈述句结构 ‎ 在这种句子结构中，祈使句表示条件，陈述句表示结 ‎ 果，它相当于If you..., you will...，另外，祈使句 +‎ ‎ or + 陈述句结构表示：If (not)..., you will，有时候，‎ ‎ 祈使句中的动词可省略。‎ ‎ Work harder, and you'll find it not difficult to learn.‎ ‎ 再用功一点，你就会发现它不难写。‎ ‎ Hurry up, or you will be late.‎ ‎ 快一点，否则你会迟到。‎ ‎ More effort, and you can finish it in time.‎ 再加把劲，你会按时完成它。‎ ‎【句型归纳】‎ ‎【考点1】Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball. 皮埃尔与我确实在舞会上玩得很开心。‎ 该句中的did为助动词，加强谓语动词have的语气。‎ 在“助动词do / does / did + 动词原形”结构中，助动词 do / does / did意思是“确实，的确，一定”。常常用在 肯定句或祈使句中，起加强语气的作用。有人称和时 态的变化。例如：‎ Do send me e-mail immediately you arrive at Beijing. 你 一到北京，一定要给我发电子邮件。‎ He does smoke two packs of cigarettes every day. 他确 实每天抽两包烟。‎ The company earned much more this month than it did last month. 公司本月赚的钱要比上个月多得多。‎ ‎【考例1】(NMET 2000) An awful accident____,‎ however, occur the other day.‎ ‎ A. does B. did ‎ C. was to D. had to ‎[考查目标] 对句子中谓语的强调。‎ ‎[答案与解析] B 助动词do (does用于第三人称) 用于 对现在时态的强调；did用于对过去时态的强调，后面 均接动词原形。‎ ‎【考点2】In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity is. 18世纪。本杰明·富兰克林做了一系 列的试验，以证明电是什么。‎ 注意：该句子中的 a number of 作主语，谓语动词用复数 形式。例如：‎ A number of children play video games online. 很多的 孩子在网上玩电子游戏。‎ a number of意思是“许多，数目”，作主语时，谓语动词 用复数形式。the number of意思是“数量”，作主语时，‎ 谓语动词用单数形式。例如：‎ A number of people prefer to sending e-mail each other t0 writing letters. 许多人更愿意发电子邮件，而不愿意 写信。‎ The number of milu deer is increasing year by year. 麋 鹿的数目在逐年增加。‎ ‎【考例2】(NMET 1996) The number of people invited ‎____ fifty，but a number of them ____ absent fnr different reasons.‎ ‎ A. were; was B. was; was ‎ C. was; were D. were; were ‎[考查目标] 主谓一致。‎ ‎[答案与解析] C 根据以上的解释，应该选was；were。‎ ‎【考点3】Having realized that I could use a kite to attract Iightning, I decided to do an experiment. 意识到可以用 风筝引来闪电之后，我便决定做个实验。‎ 该句中的having realized是v-ing形式的完成式在句中 作状语。‎ v-ing形式在句中的主要作用是作状语，having done表 示非谓语动词的动作先于渭语动词的动作，而且要注 意非谓语与句子主语之间存在着主动关系时，用hav—‎ ing done；非谓语与句子主语之间存在着被动关系时，‎ 用having been done；其否定形式是在v-ing前加not。‎ 例如：‎ Having finished his homework, the boy decided to play football for a while. 做完了作业．他决定去踢一会儿 球。‎ Not having cleaned the classroom, they couldn't go home. 还没有打扫完教室，他们还不能回家。‎ Having been praised in class, the girl felt very happy.‎ 那个姑娘在班上得到表扬，感到很高兴。‎ ‎【考例3】(2001上海春招) ____ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.‎ ‎ A. Suffered B. Suffering ‎ C. Having suffered D. Being suffered ‎[考查目标]非谓语动词v-ing。‎ ‎[答案与解析]C v-ing形式的逻辑主语是Professor White，Professor White和suffer之间存在着主动关 系，而且根据，for years，表示 suffer 的动作持续换了 多少年，所以用v-ing完成式表示原因。‎ ‎[牛刀小试3]‎ ‎1. He ____ to the railway station, only to find the ‎ train had been away for 5 hours.‎ ‎ A. did go B. had gone ‎ C. had to go D. has gone ‎2. ____ careful while crossing the street.‎ ‎ A. Your being B. To be ‎ C. Do be D. Being ‎3. ____ of deaths from heart disease will be reduced ‎ greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and ‎ vegetables.‎ ‎ A. The number 15. A number ‎ C. A lot of D. Many ‎4. ____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom sudden-‎ ‎ ly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (2004)‎ ‎ A. To wait B. Have waited ‎ C. Having waited D. To have waited ‎ 【交际速成】‎ ‎【考点 1】Asking for permission 征求许可 ‎(2004 广东)‎ ‎ Do you mind if I open the window?‎ ‎… I feel a bit cold．‎ ‎ A. of course not.‎ ‎ B. I'd rather you didn't.‎ ‎ C. Go ahead.‎ ‎ D. Why not?‎ ‎[答案与解析]B 本题考查对征求许可的应答用语。‎ 根据所提供的情景“I feel a bit cold”，说明对方不愿意 把窗户打开，所以B项符合语境。‎ ‎【归纳】英语中常见表达征求许可的用语有：‎ ‎① Could We / I...?‎ ‎② May / Can I...?‎ ‎③ Shalll / we...?‎ ‎④ Is it possible...?‎ ‎⑤ Do / Would you mind...?‎ ‎⑥ Is it all right if l sit here?‎ ‎⑦ I wonder if I could smoke here.‎ 应答用语有：‎ ‎① Yes, please．‎ ‎② Sure / Certainly．‎ ‎③ That's all right.‎ ‎④ Of course, you can / may.‎ ‎⑤ Please do.‎ ‎⑥ Go ahead, please.‎ ‎⑦ I'm sorry, it's not allowed.‎ ‎⑧ I'm afraid not.‎ ‎⑨ You'd better not.‎ ‎【考点2】 Giving instructions 发出指令 ‎(2004湖北) ____ follow the instructions given at the top of the page.‎ ‎ A. You're sure B. Be sure to ‎ C. Sure to D. Sure about ‎[答案与解析]B 本题考查表达指令的功能意念。此 句Be sure to do意为“务必做……”，所以B项正确。‎ ‎【归纳】英语中发出指令时常用祈使句式，例如：‎ A.‎ ‎① Build the frame of the kite by making...‎ ‎② Tie the corners of the handkerehief to the points of ‎ the cross...‎ ‎③ Add a tail to the frame and tie a Iong string to the ‎ cross...‎ ‎④ First, fix a sharp piece of metal...Second, fasten a ‎ key to the end of the long string...Third, tie a silk ‎ ribbon to the string...‎ ‎⑤ Fly the kite when...‎ B.‎ Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.‎ ‎【考点3】Discussing and evaluating pros and cons 讨论和 评估赞成与反对 ‎-- It's more expensive to live in the city than to live in ‎ the country, I think.‎ ‎-- ____. Living in the city brings people more con—‎ ‎ venience, though.‎ ‎ A. You're wrong ‎ B. I'm sorry to hear that ‎ C. I couldn't agree more ‎ D. That's all right ‎[答案与解析]C 本题考查讨论和评估赞成与反对的 功能项目。根据所提供的情景“living in the city brings people more convenience, though.”，时话一方 首先赞成另一方的观点，同时表述了自己的看法。所 以C项符合语境。‎ ‎【归纳】讨论和评估赞成与反对时，英语中使用下列说 法，例如：‎ 阐述优点 (advantages) 时：‎ ‎① It's good for the economy.‎ ‎② It can help many people in the future.‎ ‎③ It is cleaning and does not pollute the air.‎ ‎④ It is important for science.‎ ‎⑤ It brings people more comfort.‎ 指出缺点(disadvantages)时：‎ ‎① It is too expensive.‎ ‎② It is dangerous or bad for your health.‎ ‎③ It is bad for the environment.‎ ‎④ It is unnecessary.‎ ‎⑤ Some people wm use it for other things.‎ ‎[牛刀小试4]‎ ‎ B. OK !‎ ‎ C. Is that really necessary?‎ ‎ D. That's it.‎ ‎4. -- Don't make any noise. My child is sleeping.‎ ‎ -- ____.‎ ‎ A. No, I don't ‎ B. Oh, I'm sorry ‎ C. Yes, I know ‎ D. I didn't do that thing ‎ ☆精典题例☆‎ ‎( )1. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there ‎ because there wasn't always ____ much to do．‎ ‎ (2004 广东)‎ ‎ A. such B. that ‎ C. more D. very ‎ 【解析】选B本题考查that作副词的用法，在这里that 是副词，等于so，有“那么”之意，much后面省略了work。‎ ‎( )2. "We can't go out in this weather," said Bob,‎ ‎ ____ out of the window. (2004全国卷)‎ ‎ A. looking B. to look ‎ C. looked D. having looked ‎ 【解析】选A此题考查非谓语动词的用法，从句子 意思及结构来看，此处应用现在分词做伴随状语。‎ ‎( )3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She ‎ appears ____ everything.‎ ‎ A. tell B. to be told ‎ C. to be telling D. to have been told ‎ 【解析】选D本题考查动词不定式的用法，不定式 有一般式、进行式和完成式，还有主动和被动形式。一般 式表示动作发生在谓语动词之后，进行式表示动作和谓语 动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示动作发生在谓语 动词之前。‎ ‎( )4. Yes. ____ more words and expressions and you ‎ wm find it easier tO read and communicate.‎ ‎ (2004上海)‎ ‎ A. Know B. Knowing ‎ C. To know D. Known ‎ 【解析】选A本题考查祈使句+and+陈述句结构。‎ ‎( )5. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If ‎ not, you may ____ run over by a car. (2002‎ ‎ 北京)‎ ‎ A. have B. get ‎ C. become D. turn ‎ 【解析】选B本题考查get + 过去分词的用法，get +‎ 过去分词经常用在口语中表被动语态，强调动作突然发生 或未曾料到的事态的结果。‎ ‎( )6. Mr Smith, ____ of the ____ speech, started ‎ to read a novel.‎ ‎ A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored ‎ C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring ‎ 【解析】选A tired of表示“对……感到厌烦”，作原 因状语和主语是被动关系。boring是现在分词作定语修 饰speech，和speech是主动关系，等于the speech which was boring。‎ ‎( )7. -- Do you mind if I open the window?‎ ‎ -- ____. I feel abit cold. (2004广东)‎ ‎ A. Of course not B. I'd rather you didn't ‎ C. Go ahead D. Why not ‎ 【解析】选B在回答Do you mind...时，如果表示反 对，应用委婉说法。‎ ‎( )8. I'd like to buy a house - modern, comfortable,‎ ‎ and ____ in a quiet neighborhood.‎ ‎ A. in all B. above all ‎ C. after all D. at all ‎ 【解析】选B above all意为“最重要的是”，其它短语 意思不符合。‎ ‎( )9. ____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom ‎ suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at ‎ home. (2004 北京)‎ ‎ A. To Wait B. Have waited ‎ C. Having waited D. To have waited ‎ 【解析】选 C 现在分词的完成式表示此动作在主句 谓语动词之前。‎ ‎( )10. I do every single bit of housework ____ my ‎ husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.‎ ‎ (2004 全国卷)‎ ‎ A. since B. while ‎ C. when D. as ‎ 【解析】选B while“然而，却”，表示对比关系。‎