高考英语冲刺讲义完型 12页

精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义 学员编号： 年 级：高三 课 时 数：3‎ 学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：余英 授课类型 C专题-完型填空考情分析 C专题-完型填空之解题技巧 ‎ T能力-完型填空之能力提高 授课日期及时段 教学内容 一、 ‎ 专题知识梳理 知识点1：近五年高考完形考情分析 年份 内容 题材 ‎2011‎ 留住客户的必要性 商务经济类 ‎2012‎ 人们成功寻求帮助的影响因素分析 社会文化类 ‎2013‎ 经济全球化的利与弊 商务经济类 ‎2014‎ 语言是人类的闲聊工具 社会文化类 ‎2015‎ 人类相互吸引的三大影响因素 社会文化类 解析：从以上表格看出，高考完形填空的题材以社会文化及商务经济两大类为主，应作为冲刺阶段的复习重点。‎ 背爽了它,你的完形填空牛了...1.with the help of 在～～帮助下 under the leadership/ care of 在～～领导/关心下2.be strict with sb. 对～人要求严格 be strict i知识点2：高考完形填空必备词汇 高考英语完型填空必备词汇 词性 ‎2011‎ ‎2012‎ ‎2013‎ ‎2014‎ ‎2015‎ 名词 expense budget similarity friendship poverty conflict ‎ prospect priority principle loyalty reality donation victim population outcome agreement description gossip motivation inspection virtue passion illustration intension 动词 emphasize overlook ensure deny alter refuse deserve obtain seek contribute define ignore consume withdraw confirm reject outline conclude confess extend impose investigate diagnose recall distinguish enhance 形容词 financial economical sensitive agreeable flexible amusing plain talkative talented calm smooth mature local foreign political historical vital sensitive ideal thoughtful indirect beneficial intial random alert resistant superior insulting 注：在选项中积累词汇是快速积累完型高频词汇的重要方法，尤其是真题中的词汇更是需要引导学生熟练掌握的重要内容。‎ 一、 专题精讲 ‎2015年上海高考真题 If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect a deep interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.‎ In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.‎ Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.‎ First Impression To help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.‎ As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.‎ The 60 Knows Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones—natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.‎ Face Value Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatic.‎ When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.‎ ‎51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise ‎52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. beneficial ‎53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle ‎54. A. tested B. imposed C. changed D. created ‎55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions ‎56. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intensions ‎57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall ‎58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature ‎59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question ‎60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand ‎61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior ‎62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted ‎63. A. emotions B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals ‎64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess ‎65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. insulting 三、专题过关 ‎2014年上海高考真题 Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.‎ Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.‎ So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.‎ Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.‎ Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.‎ As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.‎ But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging ‎ information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.‎ ‎51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language ‎52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally ‎53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural ‎54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters ‎55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult ‎56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens ‎57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result ‎58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour ‎59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance ‎60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses ‎61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection ‎62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease ‎63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained ‎64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful ‎65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret 四、学法提炼 ‎1、专题特点：重点考查学生的文章理解及单词在具体语境中的运用能力。‎ ‎2、解题方法：在把握文章主旨和结构的基础上，从上下文寻找解题线索。‎ ‎3、注意事项：从上下文中的逻辑关系确定选项。‎ 一、专题知识梳理---解题技巧汇总 一、利用文章首句信息解题 ‎【例1】Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is: Is economic globalization 50 for all? (2013年上海英语高考)‎ ‎50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy ‎【例2】Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten.‎ ‎(2011年上海高考英语)‎ 50. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all ‎【例3】Most people believe they don’t have much imagination. They are 50 . Everyone has imagination. (2009年上海高考英语)‎ ‎50. A. wrong B. unbelievable C. reasonable D. realistic 二、利用逻辑关系解题 ‎【例1】Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 the gap between the rich and poor. (2013年上海高考英语)‎ ‎57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening ‎【例2】In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. __56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. (2012年上海高考英语)‎ ‎56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example ‎【例3】A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58__ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in potential profits. ‎ ‎(2011年上海高考英语)‎ ‎58. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary ‎【例4】What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, 51__ revising. (2010年上海高考英语)‎ ‎51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words ‎【例5】Think about your goal and the new possibilities. If your goal is to learn to ski, 60 , you can now practice skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money).‎ ‎(2009年上海高考英语)‎ ‎60. A. in fact B. in particular C. as a whole D. for example 三、利用词汇复现解题 ‎【例1】The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 _ the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. (2012年上海高考英语)‎ ‎59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down ‎【例2】The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to keeping them”. (2011年上海高考英语)‎ ‎60. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest ‎【例3】When you revise, you change aspects of your work in response to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas ‎ or newly discovered information. (2010年上海高考英语)‎ ‎55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh ‎【例4】Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the 63 that is, facts, opinions. (2010年上海高考英语)‎ ‎63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints 四、利用对比信息解题 ‎【例1】Small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56__ open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet. ‎ ‎(2013年上海高考英语)‎ ‎56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign ‎【例2】When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out. (2013年上海高考英语)‎ ‎62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out ‎【例3】The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. (2012年上海高考英语)‎ ‎58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working ‎【例4】Making connections: This technique involves taking 54 ideas and trying to find links between them. (2009年上海高考英语)‎ ‎54. A. familiar B. unrelated C. creative D. imaginary 五、利用语义理解解题 ‎【例1】A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually 58 from integration into the world economy. (2013年上海高考英语)‎ ‎58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn ‎【例2】__53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. (2011年上海高考英语)‎ ‎53. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing ‎【例3】However, don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows 58 .‎ ‎(2010年上海高考英语)‎ ‎58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training 二、专题精讲 ‎2013年上海高考真题 Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is: Is economic globalization __ 50__ for all?‎ According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce __51__ in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth __52__ to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration(融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes __53__ at an average rate of five percent -- compared to two percent in developed countries.‎ Those who __54__ globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. __55__, small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in __56__ open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.‎ Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually __57__ the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually __58__ from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. __59__, they maintain(坚持认为) that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses(新兴行业). For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to __60__ their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of __61__. When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to __62__ and will be crowded out.‎ One thing is certain about globalization -- there is no __63__. Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The __64__ now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all. ‎ ‎50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy ‎51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population ‎52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D. owing ‎53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase ‎54. A. doubt B. define C. advocate D. ignore ‎55. A. In addition B. For instance C. In other words D. All in all ‎56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign ‎57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening ‎58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn ‎59. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise ‎60. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise ‎61. A. trouble B. business C. power D. mind ‎62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out ‎63. A. taking off B. getting along C. holding out D. turning back ‎64. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challenge 三、专题过关 ‎2012年上海高考真题 People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another ‎ 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble (绊脚) and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings, two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think 55 assistance. ‎ In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently been “lost”. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. ‎ The degree of 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 61 ‎ T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.‎ ‎ Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone 62 to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk. ‎ 50. A. study B. way C. word D. college 51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back 52. A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive 53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing 54. A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing 55. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept 56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example 57. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed 58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working 59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down 60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact 61. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange 62. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances 63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health 64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sick 四、学法提炼 做题方法：‎ ‎1、通读全文，理解大意；‎ ‎2、瞻前顾后，避难就易；‎ ‎3、复读全文，解决残敌；‎ ‎4、再次复读，弥补疏漏。‎ 备考建议：‎ ‎1、常见高频词的整理汇总，并对“一词多义”“熟词生义”进行归纳；‎ ‎2、逻辑关系中的转折和因果真题范例学习及积累；‎ ‎3、“先扬后抑”、“先抑后扬”写作套路的完型语篇阅读与思考。‎ 一、 能力培养 能力1：培养学生获取文字信息的能力：理解事实、辨认细节；‎ 能力2：培养学生理解单词表层含义以及深层含义的能力，能对文章进行合理的推理判断；‎ 能力3：培养学生理解主旨大意、综合事实的能力；培养学生在把握整体的前提下，充分利用上下文，选择最佳选项的能力。‎ 二、 能力检测 ‎2011年上海高考真题 Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— 52 that the customer remains a customer.‎ ‎ 53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.‎ Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.‎ In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad ‎ experience).‎ The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.‎ 50. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all 51. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe 52. A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving 53. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing 54. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses 55. A. culture B. social C. financial D. Economical 56. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference 57. A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget 58. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary 59. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable 60. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest 61. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting 62. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected 63. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive 64. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient 三、能力点评 在把握文章主旨和结构的基础上，分析上下文逻辑关系的能力。‎ 课后作业 ‎2010年上海高考真题 The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing 50 ．‎ ‎ What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, 51 revising．Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.‎ When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production．However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music．The musical had． 52 several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆)．For instance, Lloyd Webber 53 some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.‎ ‎ When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information.‎ ‎ Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment． 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way．Even your decision to 57 topics while prewriting is a type of revising．However．don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows 58 ．Always make time to become your own 59 and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak．Reviewing your work in this way can give you 60 new ideas.‎ ‎ Revising involves 61 the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present．When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose 62 throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the 63 that is, facts, opinions, inferences -- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many 64 details that may confuse readers?‎ ‎50．A．technique B．style C．process D．career ‎51．A．in particular B．as a result C．for example D．in other words ‎52．A．undergone B．skipped C．rejected D．replaced ‎53．A．rewrote B．released C．recorded D．reserved ‎54．A．addition B．response C．opposition D．contrast ‎55．A．fixed B．ambitious C．familiar D．fresh ‎56．A．However B．Moreover C．Instead D．Therefore ‎57．A．discuss B．switch C．exhaust D．cover ‎58．A．drafting B．rearranging C．performing D．training ‎59．A．director B．master C．audience D．visitor ‎60．A．personal B．valuable C．basic D．delicate ‎61．A．mixing B．weakening C．maintaining D．assessing ‎62．A．amazing B．bright C．unique D．clear ‎63．A．angles B．evidence C．information D．hints ‎64．A．unnecessary B．uninteresting C．concrete D．final