高考英语It的用法专项总结及训练 27页

It的用法（专项总结及训练）‎ 一、人称代词 1，it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复: ‎ ‎①They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. 2.，也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子): ‎ ‎②Is this your dog？No, it isn’t.‎ ‎③They got a baby and it was a ten-pounder 3.，也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景:‎ ‎③I hate it when people talk with a full mouth.． 二、.非人称代词 1.it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等： ⑴.指天气：It is a lovely day, isn’t  it? ⑵.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back.‎ ‎⑶.指日期:It is April First today.‎ ‎⑷.指距离:It is some 3000 kilometers from Beijing to Guangzhou.‎ ‎⑸.指价值:It is three dollars.‎ ‎⑹.指温度:Today it is 30 degrees centigrade. ‎ 三、其他用法 1.在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语，表示谁在做某事： ①Who is it there? It's I (me/you/he.....). ②I thought it was Mary, but it was not she. ③Her face lighted when she saw who it was. 2.泛泛的指某件事： (有时泛指一般情况) ①It doesn’t matter. ②It is a shame, isn’t  it? ③How is it going?(情况怎样) ④It says in the newspaper that...... 3.it用在一些词组中，it 没有特别的意思 The last train's gone. Come on, we'll foot it.(来，咱们步行吧。) 四、作形式主语，替代主语从句，动词不定式，或动名词短语：　　　 1.作形式主语替代主语从句 ⑴It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain....) that 从句 常译为＂┅清楚的（显然的，真的，可能的,肯定的．．．）＂　　 It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. ‎ ‎= That  he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. ⑵It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural...) that 从句 常译为┅是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅).that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。   ①It is important that we (should) learn English well. ‎ ‎　　   ②It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. ⑶It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....) that 从句 常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。 　　   ①It is said that he has come to Beijing. 　　   ②It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. ⑷It is suggested ( advised/ ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded... ) that 从句.that　后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．） 　 ①It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. 　 ②It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. ‎ ‎⑸It is time ( about time ，high time ) that从句(虚拟语气:动词用过去时did)‎ ① It is time that children went to bed.‎ ② It is time you bought a new car.‎ ③ It is (high ) time you made up your mind.‎ ‎⑹It is the first ( second ... ) time that从句(从句用现在完成时 have done )‎ ‎ It was the first ( second ... ) time that从句(从句用过去完成时had done )‎ ‎ 常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here ‎⑺It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/... ) that从句. ‎ that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 ①It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班 上，真是遗憾！ 　 ②It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ ‎ ‎⑻It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that从句.常译为 “ 碰巧…,似乎是…,看起来…” ‎ ‎ ①It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧．．. ②It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来．．． ‎ ‎2.作形式主语替代不定式　　　 . ⑴ It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。 常见的词有：‎ ‎ bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。‎ ‎ 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。　 如:It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. ‎ ‎⑵It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. .不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的中性形容词。 常见的形容词有：‎ ‎ important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant ‎ 如:It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. ⑶It takes sb. ... to do sth. 常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。 　　 如:It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. ‎ ‎3.作形式主语替代动名词短语 It is no good / no use / useless doing sth. 常译为 “┅有好处或没有用” 　　 ①It is no good learning English without speaking English. ②It's useless trying to argue with Shylock. ‎ 五、作形式宾语，代替不定式，动名词短语或宾语从句。  We think it important to learn a foreign language.‎ ‎ 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，该结构中常用的动词有：think, believe, make ,find consider, feel； 如:‎ We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. 　 He felt it important learning English well. 　 ‎ They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers. ‎ 六、.it的重要句型 1.强调句型: It is/was  + 被强调部分 + that 从句 (被强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用)‎ ‎ ①It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. ②It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday.‎ ‎③It was in the street that I met her father. ④It was yesterday that I met her in the street. ⑤It is you that /who are wrong.‎ 特例:It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.‎ ‎= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.‎ ‎= I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.‎ ‎ ‎ Choose the best answer 1.It took us over an hour _______ along the street. 　A.walk　  B.to walk　 C.walking　  D.walked  2.I think it a great honour _______to visit your country. 　A.to invite　 B.inviting C.having invited 　 D.to be invited  3.Many people now make 　_______a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas. 　A.themselves　　　 B.it　　　 C.that　　　 D.this  4.　_______is very clear to everyone that he's round and tall like a tree. 　 A.This　　　 B.What　　　 C.That　　　 D.It  5.In the United States, bus travel doesn't cost much as train travel, _______? 　A.don't they 　 B.does it ‎ C.do they 　　 D.doesn't it  6.Someone is at the door, who is _______? 　A.this　　　 B.that　　　 C.it　　　 D.he  7.—It is raining cats and dogs. 　—　_______ . 　A.So it is　 B.So is it C.Neither it is　　D.Neither is it  8.—My home is in that tall building over there. 　—_______ ? 　A.Can it see　　 B.Can see it C.Can be seen it　　 D.Can it be seen  9. _______ raining hard for 3 hours without stopping. 　A.It is　　　 B.It was　　　 C.It has been　　　 D.It had been  10.—Has the boy got his bicycle now? 　—Yes, the police gave _______. 　A.him to him　　　 B.it to it  　C.it to him　　　　D.him to it  11.It's no use 　_____　over spilt milk. 　A.cry　　　 B.crying　　 　C.that you cry　　 D.for you to cry   12.It is important _______ their offer. 　A.reject　　　 B.rejects　　　 C.to reject　　　 D.rejecting  13.Has _______been decided when we are to hold the sports-meeting? 　A.that　　　 B.this　　　 C.it　　　 D.what  14.—Did Li Lei call me while I was out? 　—Yes, it was _______ that called you. 　A.him　　　 B.he　　　 C.who　　　 D.whom  15.Nothing is wrong with the radio _______? 　A.isn't it　　　 B.is that　　　 C.is it　　　 D.isn't that  16.I don't know _______makes her afraid of having her business discussed. 　A.what it is about Mary that B.that is it abut Mary what C.what is it about Mary that D.that is about Mary what  17. .It was with great joy _______he received the news that his long lost son would return home 　A.as　　　 B.that　　　 C.so　　　 D.for　 18.I don't think _____difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language within five years 　A.that　　　 B.it　　　 C.too　　　 D.very  19.It's the second time you _______late this week. 　A.arrive　　　 B.arrived　　　 C.have arrived　　　 D.had arrived  20.It will not be　_______we meet again. 　A.long before　　　 B.before long C.soon after　　　　D.shortly after  21.It's demanded that we _______there on foot. 　A.not to go　　　  B.don't go　　　  C.not go　　　  D.won't go  22.“It” is often used to _______a baby. 　A.mean to　　　 B.stick to　　 　C.point to　　　 D.refer to  23.It was not until 1936 _______　basketball became a regular part of the Olympic Games. 　A.that　　　 B.when　　　 C.which　　　 D.then  24.　_______you met the Englishman? 　A.Where it was that　 B.Who it was that ‎ C.Where was it that　　 D.Where was that  25._______that she has gone to the United States? 　A.Was it true　　　 B.Is it true C.It is true　　D.It was true  26.　_______certain that his invention will lead to the development of production. 　A.That's　　　 B.This is　　　 C.It's　　　 D.What's  27.　_______in 1914 _______the First World War broke out? 　A.Was that, that　　　 B.Was that, when 　C.Was it. that　　　　 D.Was it, when  28.It is important that she _______with Mr Williams immediately. 　A.speak　　　 B.spoke　　 C.will speak　　　 D.to speak  29._______that there′s another good harvest this year. 　A.It says　　　 B.It is said　　　 D.It was said　　　 D.He was said  30.It is the first time _______the play. 　A.I've watched　　　 B.I'll watch　　 C.I watch　　 D.I would watch ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考答案 ‎ B 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.B  6.C 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.B‎15 C  16.A 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.A 21.C 22.D 23.A 24.C 25.B  26.C 27.C 28.A29.B 30.A it用法完全归纳 ‎ ‎ 一、it 作人称代词的用法 ‎1. 指事物 作为人称代词，it 可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如：‎ I dropped my watch and it broke. 我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。‎ It’s hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。‎ ‎“Where is the dog?” “It’s in the bedroom. ” “狗在哪?”“在卧室里”。‎ ‎2. 指人 it 指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如：‎ Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩?‎ There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。‎ ‎【说明】在答语中，常用来指本人，如说 It’s me。‎ ‎3. 代替某些代词 代词 it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等。如：‎ ‎“What’s this?” “It’s a new machine. ” “这是什么?”“是一种新机器”。‎ Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题，是吗?‎ ‎ ‎ 二、it 作非人称代词的用法 ‎1. 基本用法 it 作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。如：‎ It’s too late to go there now. 现在去那儿已经太迟了。‎ It rained all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。‎ It can get very hot here. 这里有时会很热。‎ ‎2. 用于某些句型 It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。‎ It’s time to do sth. 该做某事的时候了。‎ It’s time for sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了。‎ It’s (about / high) time + that-从句. 某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式，有时也用“should+动词原形”)‎ It’s first (second) time + that-从句. 某人第几次干某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)‎ It’s + 时间段 + since-从句. 自从……有一段时间了。‎ It’s + 时间段 + before-从句. 过多长的时间才……‎ ‎ ‎ 三、it用作形式主语 ‎1. 基本用法 当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it。如：‎ It’s very important to remember this. 记住这一点很重要。‎ It’s hard work climbing mountains. 爬山是费劲的事。‎ It’s unknown when he will come. 他什么时候来还不知道。‎ ‎2. 用作形式主语的的重要句型 ‎(1) It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth 某人做某事……‎ It is hard for him to make up his mind. 他很难下定决心。‎ It was foolish of her to say such a thing. 她说那样的话，真是太蠢了。‎ ‎【说明】介词 of 与 for 的区别是：of 用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等，介词for表示对象，意为“对……来说” (from www.yygrammar.com)。‎ ‎(2) It takes sb + 时间段 + to do sth. 某人做某事花了……时间 It takes years to master a new language. 要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。‎ ‎【说明】此句型可以有以下多变种变体：It took me an hour to write the letter. =The letter took me an hour (to write). =I took an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时。‎ ‎3) It is up to sb to do sth. 该由某人做某事 It’s up to you to to make the choice. 得由你来作选择。‎ ‎(4) it look (seem, appear, happen, occur) that [as if]… 似乎……‎ It seemed as though he didn’t recognize me. 他似乎没认出我来。‎ It happened that I was out when he called. 他打电话时我碰巧不在家。‎ ‎(5) If it were not for… / If it hadn’t been for… 若不是因为……‎ If it were not for their help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. 要不是他们帮助，这些困难我们不克服不了的。‎ ‎ ‎ 四、it用作形式宾语 ‎1. 基本用法 当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。如：‎ I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。‎ I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。‎ We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。‎ ‎2. 用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构 ‎(1) 动词+ it + that-从句。如：‎ I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。‎ I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。‎ You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。‎ Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。‎ ‎【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 have, take, put, like 等。‎ ‎(2) 动词 + it + when (if)-从句。如：‎ I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。(from www.yygrammar.com)‎ We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。‎ I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。‎ ‎【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。‎ ‎(3) 动词 + prep + it + that-从句。如：‎ See to it that you’re not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。‎ Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。‎ You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。‎ I can’t answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。(from www.yygrammar.com)‎ ‎【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。‎ ‎(4) 动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句。如：‎ I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着。‎ I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。‎ ‎【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb 等。‎ 高考语法 It用法小结 来源：天星 更新日期：‎2007-11-11‎ 点击： 9107‎ It 用法小结虽不是高考的热点，但这两年全国各省市试题经常出现。我们不能疏忽。 下面是用法20条。 并通过高考试题进行巩固：   ‎ ‎1.It is+被强调部分+that 该句型是强调句型，将被强调的放在前面，其他部分置于之后，强调的主语如果是人，可以用来替换，如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子，这也是判断强调句型与其他从句的方法。‎ It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.‎ It was with great joy ___he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (2004 福建) ‎ A. because   B. which   C. since   D. that (D) ‎ ‎2. It is not until +被强调的部分+ that ‎ 该句型译成汉语“直到……才”，可以说是的强调形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star. =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star. =I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.‎ It was ___back home after the experiment. (2004  湖北) ‎ A. not until midnight did he go   ‎ B. until midnight that he didn’t go ‎ C. not until midnight that he went   ‎ D. until midnight when he didn’t go (C) ‎ ‎3. It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain) that….‎ 该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然、真的、肯定）”是主语从句最常见的结构。‎ It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.‎ ‎=That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.‎ ‎4. It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural…) that…‎ 该句型和上一句同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形）should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。‎ It is important that we (should) learn English well.‎ It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.‎ ‎5. It is said (reported, learned…) that…‎ 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉……）‎ It is said that he has come to Beijing.‎ It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.‎ ‎6. It is suggested (ordered…) that…‎ 该句型和上一句属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求、建议、命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气 （should+动词原形）。可以省略，常译为“据建议；有命令……”‎ It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.‎ It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.‎ ‎7. It is a pity (a shame…) that …‎ 在该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去，表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 ‎ It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.‎ 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾。‎ It is a pity that he is ill.‎ 他生病了，真遗憾！‎ ‎8. It is time (about time, high time) that…‎ 该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是：常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should+动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）……的时候……”‎ It is time that children should go to bed. ‎ ‎=It is time that children went to bed.‎ ‎9. It is the first (second, …)time that…‎ 该句型应和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用哪种完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态来决定。如果是一般现在时，从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this替换，常译为“是第一（二,…）次…”。‎ ‎10. It is …since…‎ 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时和完成时，引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。‎ It is (has been) 5 years since his father died.‎ It is almost five years ___we saw each other last time. (2005 北京)   ‎ A. before B. since C. after D. when(B)‎ ‎11. It is …when…‎ 该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候，是……”‎ It was 5 o’clock when he came here.‎ ‎12. It be…before…‎ 该句型主句中的it指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态，主句中的表语多是long ,not long ,3 days, 2 weeks等表示时间段的词和短语。常译为“…之后才”，“没过……就……”‎ It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. ‎ It will not be long before he finishes his job.‎ ‎13. It happens (seems, looks, appears) that…‎ 该句型中的it 是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen, seem等词是不及物动词。‎ It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street.  (碰巧……)‎ It seems that he will be back in a few days.  (看来……)‎ The Foreign Minister said, “___our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京)                          ‎ A. This is   B. There is   C. That is   D. It is (D) ‎ ‎14. It takes sb…to do sth.‎ 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做……要花费某人……”‎ It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.‎ ‎15．It is no good (use) doing sth.‎ 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是 no good (not any good), no use (not any use ).‎ It is no good learning English without speaking English.‎ ‎16. It doesn’t matter whether…‎ 该句型中的引导的从句是真正的主语，该句型译为“不论（是否）……没关系……‎ It doesn’t matter whether they are old.‎ ‎17．It is kind (of sb) to do sth.‎ 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引出，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语的形容词。常见的有：bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish good (好心的),honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的),polite, rude, silly, stupid ,wise ,wrong等。这个句型可以改写为sb.is kind to do sth. ‎ It is kind of you to stay so =You are kind to say so.‎ ‎18. It is necessary (for sb) to do sth ‎ 该句型与上一句统属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for 引出的，主句的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：‎ Important,necessary,natural,easy,safe,common,,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,grape, impossible, pleasant.等。‎ It is important for her to come to the party. =It is important that she (should) come to the party.‎ ‎19. It looks (seems) as if …‎ 该句型中it 无意义。As if 引导一个状语从句，常译为：“看起来好像……”如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。‎ It looks as if he is ill. （真的病了） ‎ It looks as if he was ill. （事实上没有生病）‎ It seemed as if he was dying.‎ ‎20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.‎ 该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“7123结构”‎ ‎7指主句中的常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel, take.‎ ‎1指的是形式宾语it .‎ ‎2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词 ‎3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。‎ We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.      ‎ XiaoLi felt it important learning English well.‎ They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.‎ ‎-Do you like ____here? ‎ ‎-Oh, yes .The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (2004 全国卷二) ‎ A. this B. these C. that D. it    (D)‎ 分析：it作形式宾语 高考预测：‎ ‎1．______that there will be another good harvest this autumn.‎ A. He is said    B. It is said ‎ C. It says       D. It was said ‎ ‎2.______ she was free on Monday morning,‎ A. That happened    B. It is happened that ‎ C. It happened to     D. It happened that ‎ ‎3.___three years since he joined the army.‎ A. That is   B. It is   C. This is   D. It was ‎ ‎4. ________is good ___you to have taken good care of your classmates.‎ A. This; to   B. It; for   C. That; it   D. It; of ‎ ‎5. What a long way ____________!‎ A. it is   B is it   C. is that   D. This is ‎ ‎6. Does ______matter if I am late for the meeting tomorrow?‎ A. this   B. it   C. that   D. which ‎ ‎7. ________makes me sick to think of the matter.‎ A. That    B It    C. This    D. Which ‎ ‎8. The parents will never forget that _____ the doctor __had saved their child’s life.‎ A. It is; that    B. It was; that ‎ c. That is; when   D. It was; when  ‎ ‎9._____about half past ten ______we got to the station.‎ A. It is; that   B. It was; that  ‎ C. That is; when   D. It was; when ‎ ‎10. We consider ___our duty helping him.‎ A. it   B. that   C. which    D. that ‎ 答案: 1-5 BDBDA   6-10  BBBDA  ‎ ‎1. Everyone knows that _______ is dangerous to play with fire, but _______ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire. A. it, it                    B. what, what C. it, what               D. what, it 【陷阱】很容易误选B，认为两空均考查形式主语。 【分析】最佳答案是D，第一空填形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式 to play with fire。第二空填 what，what is difficult 是主语从句，注意 what is difficult 后的谓语动词 is。请做以下类似试题： (1) I know ______ is important to know my own limitations, but _______ is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations. A. it, it                    B. what, what C. it, what               D. what, it (2) Yes, ______ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _____ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do. A. it, it                    B. what, what C. it, what               D. what, it 2. I dislike _______ when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind. A. that                    B. those C. it                        D. them 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】最佳答案是C，因为在通常情况下，like 是及物动词，其后应有宾语(句中 it 即为其宾语)。句中的 when 从句不是宾语从句，而是时间状语从句，其中的 when 的意思是“当……的时候”。其实，也有的词典将 I don’t like it when (if) … 作为一个句型来处理。能这样用的动词不多，主要的有enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示喜好的动词。 She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。 He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。 请做以下类似试题(答案均选 it)： (1) I hate _______ if people say such things in public. A. that                    B. those C. it                        D.‎ ‎ them (2) I’d prefer _______ if I didn’t have to get up early on Sundays. A. that                    B. such C. it                        D. which (3) I would appreciate _______ very much if you could give me some suggestions. A. this                     B. that C. it                        D. you 3. I’ve no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didn’t ask who _______ was. A. he                      B. that C. she                     D. it 【陷阱】容易误选A或C。 【分析】最佳答案是D。it 用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明确的人，则不宜用it。比较： (1) Mr Smith is at the door. _______ wants to see you. (2) Someone is at the door. ________ must be Mr Smith. A. He                      B. It C. This                    D. That 第(1)题选A，因为来者身份明确；第(2)选B，因为来者身份不明确。 4. “Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop.” “I know ________ nearby. Come on, I’ll show you.” A. one                     B. it C. some                   D. that 【陷阱】容易误选B。 【分析】最佳答案是A。it 和 one 的区别可简单地概括为：it = the + 名词，one = a + 名词。如： I haven’t got any pens, and I want to borrow one. 我没有钢笔，我想借一支。(one = a pen) I have two pens, and I can lend one to you. 我有两本支钢笔，我可以借一支。(one = a pen) I have a pen, and I can lend it to you. 我有一本钢笔，我可以把它借给你。(it = the pen) 在上面一题中，one 相当于 one 相当于 a repair shop。请做下面一题（答案选A）： There is only one English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if you still want to buy _______. A. it                        B. one C. another               D. any 5. Will you see to _______ that my children are taken good care of while I am away? A. it                        B. me C. yourself              D. them 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】最佳答案是A。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是空格后that引导的宾语从句。see to 意为“负责”、“注意”，其中的 to ‎ 为介词，不宜直接跟that引导的宾语从句，遇此情况可借助代词 it。请做下面两题，答案也是选 it： (1) I’ll see to _______ that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve. A. it                        B. me C. which                 D. them (2) Will you see to _______ that the luggage is brought back as soon as possible? A. me                     B. yourself C. it                        D. them 类似以上 see to 用法的短语还有 depend on, answer for 等。如下面两题答案也选 it： (1) You may depend on _______ that he will turn up in time. A. it                        B. me C. which                 D. them (2) I can’t answer for ________ that the boy is honest. A. it                        B. me C. which                 D. them ‎◆精编陷阱题训练◆ 1. Why shouldn’t I buy a new coat — I haven’t bought _____ for five years. A. it                        B. that C. one                     D. which 2. He made _____ known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics. A. that                    B. it C. himself               D. him 3. It used to be thought _____ the Earth was flat. A. as                       B. when C. since                   D. that 4. The Parkers bought a new house but ______ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they                    B. it C. one                     D. which 5. _______ is well known _______ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997. A. It, that                B. As, / C. As, as                 D. It, which 6. — I don’t know whether I should go abroad or not, Mum. — I leave _______ to your own judgment whether you should do it. A. that                    B.‎ ‎ it C. this                     D. what 7. Does ________ matter if he can’t finish the job on time? A. this                     B. that C. he                       D. it 8. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well. A. This                    B. That C. There                  D. It 9. They live on a busy main road. ______ must be very noisy.  A. There                  B. It C. That                    D. They 10. Why don’t you bring ______ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?  A. this                     B. what C. that                     D. it 11. “Look at that lady on the stage. She’s already forty.” “You are joking. She doesn’t look ________.” A. so                       B. it C. that                     D. this 13. _______ was known to them all that William had broken his promise ______ he would give each of them a gift.  A. As; Which           B. What; that C. It; that                D. It; which 14. In the west, people make _______ a rule to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends. A. this                     B. that C. it                        D. the following   【答案与解析】 1. 选C。one 指 a coat。比较：it = the +名词，one = a+名词，换句话说，it 是特指的，而one 则是泛指的。 2. 选B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that he didn’t want to enter ‎ politics。 3. 选D。it 为形式主语，此句为 People used to think that the Earth was flat 的被动语态形式。 4. 选B。it 指前面提到的 new house。注意不能选D，因为其前有并列连词but。 5. 选A。it 为形式主语，其后的that从句为主语从句。比较下面一题，答案选B： _______ is well known, _______ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997. A. It, that                B. As, / C. As, as                 D. It, which 6. 选B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 whether you should do it. 7. 选 D。it doesn’t matter if…, does it matter if… 等为英语常用表达。 8. 选 D。it’s no wonder that… 意为“难怪……”、“……不足为怪”，为英语固定表达，其中的 it’s 也可省略，即只说 No wonder that…。如： No wonder (that) he didn’t want to go. 难怪他不想去。 9. 选B。it 指环境。 10. 选 D。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that you are too busy to do it. 12. 选 B。it 指 her age。look one’s age 为习语，意为“容貌与年龄相称”。 13. 选C。第一空填 it，为形式主语；第二空填that，用以引导一个同位语从句，修饰 promise。 14. 选 C。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是其后的不定式 to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends。‎ It的用法 ‎1. 概述 ‎“it”在英语语法中属人称代词，意思是“它”，用来指人以外的一切生物和事物。它的用法不仅不简单，而且很复杂。它可以用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情，用于指代人，用于指时间、距离和自然现象等。另外，它也可以用作形式主语，用作形式宾语，强调句型中等。‎ ‎2. it的用法 ‎1）用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情，为单数形式，译为“它”。 ‎ 一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情、没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可作主语，也可以作宾语。 ‎ ‎① 指动物和植物。如：‎ It looks like a dog！（它看上去像只狗！） ‎ ‎ Where's tea grown？It's grown in the southeast of China．（什么地方种植茶？中国东南部种植茶。）‎ ‎ ② 指代一些无生命的东西。如： ‎ ‎ Is it your book？（这是你的书吗？）‎ ‎ Look at the rain！It's heavy，isn't it？（看这雨！雨很大，对吗？）‎ ‎③ 代替上文提到过的整个事情。如： ‎ ‎ You mustn't play on the road．It's dangerous．（你不能在公路上玩。这太危险了！）‎ ‎ It was hard work，but they really enjoyed it．（摘苹果是艰苦活，可他们都乐意去干（它）。）‎ ‎2）用于指代人。 ‎ ‎① 指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。如： ‎ ‎ ―Who was it？ （是谁（打来的电话）？） ‎ ‎ ―Was it Susan？ （（打电话的）是苏珊吗？） ‎ ‎ ―Yes，it was． （是的，我是。） ‎ ‎―Who is knocking at the door？ （谁在敲门？） ‎ ‎ ―It's me． （是我。） ‎ ‎② 指说话者心目中的那个人。如： ‎ ‎ ―Is it your sister，Kate？ （（那旧照片上的 baby）是你姐姐凯特吧？）‎ ‎ ―No！ （ 不是。 ） ‎ ‎ ―I know―it's you！ （我知道了，（那）是你。） ‎ ‎③ 指代性别不详的婴幼儿或在不计较性别时，也可用it来指人。如 ‎ The child smiled when it saw its mother．（这小孩一见到母亲就笑了。）‎ ‎ I don't know who it is．（我不知道他是谁。）‎ ‎ 注意：看到这样的句子（或听到这样的话）时，要想一想，不要一看到it就把它译成“它”。） ‎ ‎④ 在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。如： ‎ ‎ ―Who's that？ （那人是谁？） ‎ ‎ ―Is it Kate？ （是凯特吗？） ‎ ‎ ―Yes，I think you're right．It's Kate． （是的，我想你说对了，是凯特。） ‎ ‎3）用于指时间、距离和天气等。 ‎ ‎① 表示时间。如： ‎ ‎ ―What time is it？（几点钟？） ‎ ‎ ―It's ten o’clock． （十点钟。） ‎ ‎ It's summer in Australia now． （现在澳大利亚是夏天。） ‎ 特别注意it用于表示时间时还常见于以下两个句型中： ‎ ‎（1）It's time（for sb．）to do sth．／It's time for sth．译为“是（某人）该干……的时间了”、“到……的时候了”。如： ‎ I think it's time for us to start the lesson now．（我想现在是我们开始上课的时候了。） ‎ ‎（2）It is ／has been ＋时间段＋since ＋一般过去时。译为“自从……以来已过了……（时间）”。此结构可以与另一种句型进行同义句转换。如： ‎ It's three years since he came here．＝It has been three years since he came here．＝He has been here for three years．（他到这里已经三年了。）‎ ‎ ② 表示距离。如： ‎ ‎ It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school．（从我家到学校步行得花半小时时间。 ） ‎ ‎ ―Where's the farm，Li Lei？Is it far？（李雷，农场在哪里？远吗？） ‎ ‎ ―No，it's quite near． （不远，很近。）‎ ‎③ 表示天气。如：‎ It’s going to snow. （天要下雪了。）‎ ‎ It’s getting warm. （天渐渐暖和起来。）‎ ‎4）it用作形式主语 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。‎ ‎① 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为：‎ ‎（1）It be adj.（for sb.）to do sth.‎ 此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：‎ easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right 等。例如： ‎ It is difficult to learn Chinese. （汉语很难学。）‎ ‎2）It be adj. of sb. to do sth.‎ 此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：‎ kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful。等。例如： ‎ It is very kind of you to help me. （你帮助我，你真好。）‎ ‎② It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型：‎ It's no good/use doing…‎ It's（well）worth doing…‎ It's（well）worth one's while doing/to do…‎ It's（well）worth while doing/ to do 例如：It's no use crying over spilt milk. （弄翻牛奶哭是没有用的。）‎ ‎③ 作形式主语替代主语从句：‎ ‎1. It is clear ( obvious，true，possible，certain....) that.....‎ 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）”　是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如：‎ ‎ It is clear that he is wrong. （这是很清楚的事，他错了。）‎ ‎2． It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....) that... ‎ 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉．．．）”。例如： ‎ It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. （据报道，另一个地球卫星已经进入轨道。）‎ ‎④ It is + noun +从句 ‎ It is a pity (a shame /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/...) that... ‎ 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：‎ It is a pity that he is ill. （他生病了，真遗憾！）‎ ‎5）it作形式宾语 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。‎ 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。 例如： ‎ I find it necessary to read more. （我发现多读很有必要。）‎ ‎6）用于强调句型 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who ... 例如： ‎ It is Tom that answered the question. （是汤姆回答地这个问题。）‎ It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 例如： ‎ It is not until the professor come that they begin the test. ‎ ‎（直到这位教授来了,他们才开始测试。） ‎ It的用法专项练习习题精选 ‎2011-10-07 00:45 来源：互联网作者：佚名 [打印] [评论]‎ ‎　　1. I like_____________in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.‎ ‎　　A. this     B. that     C. it     D. one ‎　　[解析] C.句中like为及物动词，后面需要跟宾语。而like之后不可直接接从句作宾语。it可用于某些动词（hate, appreciate…）和介词之后作笼统宾语。‎ ‎　　2. He was nearly drowned once.‎ ‎　　When was_____________?‎ ‎　　_____________ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.‎ ‎　　A. that; It    B. this; This     C. this; It    D. that; This ‎　　[解析]A. 第一空用that指代上文提到的事情； 第二空用it指代第一空的that ‎　　3. The Parkers bought a new house but_____________will need a lot of work before they can move in.‎ ‎　　A. they     B. it     C. one     D. which ‎　　[解析] B此处it指代前面出现的a new house. it指代上文提到的同一事物，为特指；而one通常指代同类事物中的某一个。‎ ‎　　4. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see__________.‎ ‎　　A. who is he     B. who he is      C. who is it     D. who it is ‎　　[解析] D此处it用作人称代词，指不明身份，性别的人；宾语从句应用陈述语序。‎ ‎　　5. In fact_____________is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.‎ ‎　　A. this    B. that     C. there     D. it ‎　　[解析] D此处it用作形式主语。‎ ‎　　6. Mike's mother kept telling him that he should work hard, but________didn't help.‎ ‎　　A. he    B. it     C. she     D. which ‎　　[解析] B此处it用以指代前面的句子，可用that替换。‎ ‎　　7. Since you have repaired my computer,_____________is no need for me to buy a new one.‎ ‎　　A. it     B. there     C. this     D. that ‎　　[解析] B考查固定句型 There is no need for sb to do sth ‎　　8. The official made________clear that he would do everything possible to solve the problem.‎ ‎　　A. it     B. this     C. that     D. him ‎　　[解析] A此处 it用作形式宾语。 ‎ ‎9. Do you like_____________here?‎ ‎　　Oh, yes, the air, the weather and the way of life. Everything is so nice.‎ ‎　　A. this     B. there     C. that     D. it ‎　　[解析] D此处 it泛指自然环境。‎ ‎　　10. Bill's aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising in TV is illegal,_____________?‎ ‎　　A. isn't it     B. is it     C. isn't he     D. is he ‎　　[解析]A主语为 “ Bill's aim”。‎ ‎　　11._____________is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.‎ ‎　　A. which     B. As     C. That     D. It ‎　　[解析] B非限制性定语从句中， as /which均可指代整句话的内容，但 which只能放在主句后，译为 “这一点”； as则位置灵活，译为 “正如”。‎ ‎　　12. It was with great joy_____________he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.‎ ‎　　A. because     B. which     C. since     D. that ‎　　[解析] D考查强调句型。‎ ‎　　13. It was_____________back home after the experiment.‎ ‎　　A. not until midnight did he go_____________B. until midnight that he didn't go ‎　　C. not until midnight that he went     D. until midnight when he didn't go ‎　　[解析] C考查not until结构强调句型。‎ ‎　　14. Why! I have nothing to confess._____________You want me to say?‎ ‎　　A. What is it that     B. What it is that     C. How is it that     D. How it is that ‎　　[解析] A考查强调句型的特殊疑问句句式。‎ ‎　　15. It is the ability to do the job_____________matters not where you come from or what you are.‎ ‎　　A. one    B. that     C. what     D. it ‎　　[解析] B考查强调句型。被强调部分是not where you come from or what you are （but ） the ability to do the job.为了平衡结构，部分移至句尾。‎