走向高考2014高三英语人教版一轮课后强化作业14Earthquakes 7页

Unit 4　Earthquakes[来源:zzstep.com]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Without ________ (电), life would not be so convenient today.‎ ‎2．The building was completely ________ (毁坏) by fire.‎ ‎3．They are working under ________ (极大的) pressure at the moment.‎ ‎4．After the war they saved those who were alive and ________ (埋葬) the dead.‎ ‎5．They were ________ (困住) in a deep hole and couldn't get out.‎ ‎6．The ________ (法官) sentenced him to five years in prison.‎ ‎7．She ________ (突发，爆炸) into tears at the news that her father had passed away.‎ ‎8．On arriving there, we offered our ________ (祝贺) to him on his success.‎ ‎9．Don't stand so near the edge, you're ________ (吓唬) me.‎ ‎10．It's wrong of you to take ________ (躲避) under the tree in the storm.‎ 答案：1.electricity　2.destroyed　3.extreme　4.buried ‎5．trapped　6.judge　7.burst　8.congratulations　9.frightening　10.shelter Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．You shouldn't have gone out to play________ ________ ________ ________(没完成作业)．(leave)‎ ‎2．That scientist knew nothing about the matter, because he________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ______(总是专心于研究)．(bury)‎ ‎3．________ ________ ________ ________ ________(从她上一封信看), they are having a wonderful time.(judge)‎ ‎4．If a pen is partly put into the water, it looks________ ________ ________ ________ ________(好像断了)．(as)‎ ‎5．The boy________ ________ ________(突然大哭起来)on seeing the big dog.(burst)‎ 答案：1.leaving your homework unfinished　2.was always buried in his study　3.Judging by/from her last letter　4.as if it were broken　5.burst into tears/burst out crying[来源:中+教+网z+z+s+tep]‎ Ⅲ.单项填空 ‎1．After the fire, the once beautiful house is________.‎ A．in ruin　 　 B．on the ruin C．on ruins D．in ruins 答案：D　in ruins是固定短语，意为“严重受损，破败不堪”。句意：大火过后，曾经漂亮的房子成了一片废墟。‎ ‎2．________the number of cars, only________small number of people have attended the meeting.‎ A．Judging from; a B．Judged from; a C．Judging from; the D．Judged from; the 答案：A　考查judge及a/the number of的用法。句意：从车的数量来看，只有少数人参加了会议。judging from为固定用法，可先排除B、D。a number of意为“一些”，the number of意为“……的数量”。‎ ‎3．The audience waited until the curtain rose and then________laughter at the sight of the funny actor.‎ A．burst out B．burst into C．broken into D．began with 答案：B　考查词语搭配。burst into laughter＝burst out laughing，意为“大笑起来”。句意：观众们一直等到幕布拉起，然后一看到那个滑稽的演员，大家都突然大笑起来。break into“破门而入”；begin with“以……开始”。‎ ‎4．________seems to me that you don't like that boy.‎ A．That B．It C．He D．This 答案：B　it seems(to sb.)that...为固定句型，意为“好像……”。‎ ‎5．To my anger, the dog followed me________I went.‎ A．everywhere B．anywhere C．any place D．where there[来源:中|国教|育出|版网]‎ 答案：A　考查everywhere作连词的用法。everywhere＝wherever/no matter where。‎ ‎6．As is reported，________money is spent on tobacco every year.‎ A．a large amount of B．a large number of C．a great many D．a great many of 答案：A　money是不可数名词，因此只能用a large amount of(许多，大量的)修饰。句意：据报道，每年都有许多钱花在了烟草上。a number of和a great many也有此意，但只能修饰可数名词。‎ ‎7．Thank you so much. You________me from an embarrassing situation.‎ A．remember B．recover C．rescue D．reserve 答案：C　rescue sb. from...意思是“把某人从……中解救出来”，符合题意。‎ ‎8．(2019·天津，11)Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion，and________as a manager.‎ A．ended up B．dropped out C．came back D．started off 答案：A　end up“最后成为；最终成为”。‎ ‎9．Lucy didn't answer.________， she looked out of the window, as if thinking.‎ A．But B．However C．Instead D．And 答案：C　考查词语辨析。句意：露西没有回答。相反，她向窗外看去，好像在思考问题。instead“相反”，符合句意。‎ ‎10．He sighed again and the failure in physics seemed to have completely________his confidence.‎ A．injured B．destroyed C．shocked D．attacked[来源:中*教*网z*z*s*tep]‎ 答案：B　考查动词。句意：他叹了口气，物理考试不及格好像彻底摧毁了他的自信心。injure指在事故中受伤或者损害名誉、自尊等；destroy“摧毁，毁灭”，符合句意；shock“使震惊”；attack“袭击”。‎ ‎11．—________ was not careful enough in the test.‎ ‎—I agree with you. Bob, for example, is always a careless boy.‎ A．Anyone B．None C．All D．Everyone 答案：D　从答语知这一句话为部分否定句式，故应从C、D中选择；而all若指人，应用复数谓语动词对应，故排除C。‎ ‎12．It was raining more and more heavily, and we all stood there under the________， just outside the door.‎ A．window B．tent C．roof D．shelter 答案：D　考查名词辨析。由语境可知，雨下得很大，我们正在避雨，地点就在“outside the door”，由此可以排除window, roof，更不可能是tent“帐篷”，所以应选shelter“躲避处”。‎ ‎13．(2019·贵州省六校联盟第一次联考)________ in a classic detective novel, the landlord didn't notice a thief was creeping up to his bedroom.‎ A．Buried B．To be buried C．Burying D．Having buried 答案：A　考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：因为全神贯注于一部经典侦探小说，房东没有注意到一个贼正在蹑手蹑脚地向他的卧室走去。句子主语the landlord与bury构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以排除C、D两项；B项不定式表示将来，不符合语境，也可以排除。‎ ‎14．(2019·宝鸡质检一)—I've passed my driving test, and soon I'll get my driving license.‎ ‎—________.‎ A.Good luck B.Congratulations ‎ C．No problem D．Be patient ‎ 答案：B　考查交际英语。由前句可知，应该选Congratulations，意思是“恭喜，恭喜”。‎ ‎15．(2019·万州区一诊)Though first________to see the car ahead suddenly turned over, he calmly pulled up to give a hand immediately.[来源:zzstep.com]‎ A. shocking B. shocked ‎ C. to be shocked D. being shocked 答案：B　考查非谓语动词。句意：看到前面的车突然翻了，一开始他很吃惊，但是他很快平静下来，把车停在旁边，立即开始施救。由句意可知，他很惊讶，所以用shocked。该句though后省略了句子的主语he，和动词be的形式was，也可以补充在though后，得出填shocked。‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 A Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (断层), which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?‎ Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, releasing some strong smell chemicals.[来源:学*科*网]‎ The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools(激流和漩涡). Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earthquakes was shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston‎, ‎South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington, D．C..‎ Scientists now know that America's two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal(水平的)boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the two masses make a sudden move.‎ The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions cause earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.‎ Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller ‎ quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.[来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K]‎ 文章大意：本文通过历史回顾和科学分析，提醒人们多关注New Madrid地区频繁的地震。‎ ‎1．This passage is mainly about________.‎ ‎ A. the New Madrid fault ‎ B. the San Andreas ‎ C. the causes of faults ‎ D. current scientific knowledge about faults ‎ 答案：A　主旨大意题。由本文第一段的最后一句话“But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri? ”可知。‎ ‎2．Which of the following pictures best describes the type of the New Madrid fault?‎ ‎[来源:zzstep.com]‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。本文第四段和第五段内容可以判断The San Andreas fault是水平地震，而The New Madrid fault是垂直地震，所以B项正确。‎ ‎3．This passage implies that________.‎ A. horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults B. vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faults C. a lot of people would die if the 1811 New Madrid earthquakes happened today D. the volcanoes that caused the New Madrid fault are still alive.‎ 答案：C　推理判断题。本文无A、B两项相关内容；根据第五段中第二句“Suddenly, the ‎ volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards”可以排除D项；根据第三段第三句“Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in ‎1811”‎可以推测答案为C。‎ B[来源:1]‎ A powerful earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan at 2：46 p. m. local time on March 11th, 2019. Japan's Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami warnings just three minutes later. The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world.‎ There are over 4,000 Seismic Intensity Meters(地震烈度测量仪) in place throughout Japan to measure earthquake activity. These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening. Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes. There are also concrete sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline. But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami.‎ Castas Synolakis is a tsunami expert in Los Angeles. He says, “Japan is one of those most wellprepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning. They had a warning. I think what went wrong is that they had not anticipated the size of this event.”‎ He says there are two reasons for this. Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last 150 years. And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening off the coast of Japan.‎ The 9.0magnitude earthquake was the 4th most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide. It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan. The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as 13 meters in some areas.‎ Costas Synolakis says Japan's concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high waves. A tsunami wave can travel as fast as 800 kilometers per hour. To get to higher ground people would often have to travel for many kilometers. This can take more time than a fast traveling tsunami will permit. This is especially true in cases like Japan, where the center of the earthquake struck so close to the coastline. The tsunami waves followed almost immediately.‎ Experts say early warning systems will continue to be limited by these_facts until earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted.‎ 文章大意：本文是科技文。日本的地震预警系统位居世界前列，能在地震发生后的两分钟内提供信息。三分钟内能够提供有关地震强度和震中的信息。在海啸预警方面，日本是世界上准备工作做得最充分的国家之一，但这次他们没有预测出这次海啸的规模如此之大。‎ ‎4．From the second paragraph we can infer that________.‎ ‎ A．Japan is an island country ‎ B．the center of the earthquake is located in the northeastern coast ‎ C．the meters in Japan have dropped behind[来源:中,国教,育出,版网]‎ ‎ D．many measures have been carried out to reduce the consequences of earthquakes in ‎Japan 答案：D　推理判断题。A说法正确，但不是本段的推理；B不是由第二段推理得出的，是第一段中明示的信息。根据“These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening.Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes.”判断，C项推理错误。D项根据所列事实可以推断得出。‎ ‎5．The underlined word “anticipated” in the third paragraph probably means“________”．‎ ‎ A. predicted B. measured ‎ C. counted D. prevented 答案：A　猜测词义题。根据第四段和第五段信息可知，日本的海啸预警系统是世界上最好的之一，此次失误在于没有预料到海啸的规模如此大。[来源:1]‎ ‎6．The underlined words “these facts” in the last paragraph refer to the following EXCEPT________.‎ ‎ A. the concrete sea walls can't control the wave ‎ B. it is the worst earthquake happening in Japan in the history[来源:1]‎ ‎ C. the speed of the tsunami is frightening and quick ‎ D. there are many earthquakes in ‎Japan 答案：D　细节认定题。根据文章倒数第二段、倒数第三段内容可知答案为D。‎ ‎7．Which may be the best title of this passage?‎ ‎ A. Earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted ‎ B. A 9.0magnitude earthquake hit ‎Japan ‎ C. Japan's concrete sea walls ‎ D. A report about Japan's early warning systems 答案：D　主旨大意题。根据全文内容判断，文章介绍日本拥有世界上最先进的地震、海啸预警系统，但没有预料到这次大地震和海啸如此之猛。‎ ‎8．On which column of China Daily can you find the passage?‎ ‎ A. Technology B. Culture discovery[来源:中#国教#育出#版网]‎ ‎ C. Travel D. History 答案：A　推理判断题。本文主要介绍的是日本的地震、海啸预警系统的先进性和局限性。‎