2019译林牛津版高考英语一轮优练题模块2U2及答案 9页

‎2019译林牛津版高考英语一轮优练题：模块2U2及答案 一、阅读理解。‎ Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.‎ Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to express their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.‎ ‎“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.‎ As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.‎ Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of closeness is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one’s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Regardless of the level of closeness, all friendships are based on reciprocity (互惠), honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.‎ ‎1.Who are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders without friends?‎ A. Teenagers. B. Adults. ‎ C. The elderly. D.A couple.‎ ‎2.What does the sentence “No man is an island” really mean?‎ A. No man is willing to live on an island.‎ B. Man usually doesn’t go to an island C. Everyone is related with our society.‎ D. Our society is just like an island.‎ ‎3.What can we learn about outgoing people?‎ A. They like being alone.‎ B. They are fond of making friends.‎ C. They have intense friendships.‎ D. They have fewer close friends indeed ‎4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?‎ A. The formation of close friends.‎ B. The number of real friends.‎ C. Honesty, love and affection.‎ D. Factors to determine the degree of closeness.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论讲述的是友谊的重要性。不论是青少年还是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。没有人是孤立的，每个人都是社会的一部分，都需要他人的爱、陪伴和关心。人人需要友谊，需要归属感。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders.”可知，没有朋友的青少年更可能遭受精神疾病。故选A。‎ ‎3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段尾句“Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.”可在，外向的人喜欢交朋友。故选B。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段讲述亲密程度是由许多因素决定的，不管亲密程度如何，友谊都是建立在互惠，真诚，爱和情感的基础上的。‎ 二、单项选择。‎ ‎1.The umbrella was not invented as a protection against rain. It was used as a _______ against the sun.‎ A. block B. shadow C. cushion D. shade ‎【答案】D ‎2.China’s top sports official said to the press that more favorable policies and financial support, in 2019,will be ‎_______ for the development of football by the government.‎ A. provided B. supplied C. offered D. applied ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】provide sth. for sb./sth.为……提供某物，此处用了被动形式。此外supply sth.to sb.，‎ offer sth.to sb.为某人提供某物；apply for申请，应用。句意：中国高级体育官员对媒体说在2019年将为国家足球的发展提供更多有利政策和财政支持。‎ ‎3.—He is _______ as the most famous film director in China. Do you think so?‎ ‎—Yes, so he is.‎ A. thought B. viewed C. looked D. believed ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】be viewed as“被认为，被看作……”。表示“被认为”也可用be looked on as，be thought to be或be thought of as。句意：“他被认为是中国最出名的电影导演。你觉得呢？”“是的，他确实是。”‎ ‎4.Half a century ago, parts of the Thames were _______ “biologically dead” because of the pollution.‎ A. declared B. imagined C. sensed D. marked ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】declared声明，宣布；imagined想象，猜想；sensed感觉，感觉到；marked标出，标志。句意：半个世纪以前，泰晤士河部分水域因为污染被宣布生物无法生存。‎ ‎5.AlphaGo’s beating Go grandmaster Lee Sedol 4-1 has _______ an international debate about whether robots will completely take the place of humans.‎ A. given off B. worked out C. set off D. put out ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】give off发出，放出，散发出，放射出；work out解决，作出，锻炼；set off 引起，点燃；put out扑灭，伸出，生产，出版。句意：AlphaGo计算机系统以4比1的总比分战胜了围棋大师李世石引起了一场机器人是否会完全取代人的国际性争论。‎ ‎6.Premier Li Keqiang urges that we should all seek to live _______ in a world of multi-civilizations.‎ A. in vain B. in comfort C. in harmony D. in defense ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】in vain徒劳地，无益地；in comfort舒适地；in harmony和谐地；in defense保护，防卫。句意：李克强总理呼吁我们应该在一个多元文明的世界里努力和谐地生活在一起。‎ ‎7.The rising admission prices of scenic attractions may cast a _______ over your plans for the coming holiday. ‎ A. shame B. shelter C. shadow D. shade ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】shame羞愧，羞辱；shelter避难所，遮蔽；cast a shadow over给……笼罩上阴影；shade遮阳，遮棚，挡风物，玻璃罩，(画的)阴暗部分。句意：景区门票价格的上涨也许会给你即将到来的度假计划笼罩上阴影。‎ ‎8.As the world’s population continues to grow, the _______ of food becomes more and more of a concern.‎ A. worth　　　　　　 B. supply C. package D. list ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】worth价值；supply供应；package包裹；list清单。“人口增长”与“粮食供应”是一对矛盾，人口越多，粮食供应就越紧张，所以应该选择B项。句意：随着世界人口的持续增长，粮食供应越来越令人担忧。‎ ‎9._______ the enormous sacrifices of life and property of a nation because of war, any attempt to start a war must be regarded as a crime against the nation. ‎ A. In charge of B. For fear of C. According to D. In view of ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：鉴于战争给一个国家带来的生命和财产方面的巨大损失，任何发动战争的企图都必须被视为反国家的犯罪。in view of“鉴于……”符合题意。In charge of负责，主管，管理；for fear of为了避免，害怕；according to根据。‎ ‎10. He _______ himself a philosopher, who had given up everything, glory included. A. advocated B. announced C. advertised D. declared ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】declare宣布，声明，宣称。句意：他自称是一个哲学家，把世上的一切都看成过眼浮云，连荣誉也不例外。‎ ‎11.Armed with the information you have gathered, you can _______ preparing your business plan.‎ A. set out B. set about C. set off D. set up ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：有了收集来的信息，你可以开始准备你的商业计划了。set out出发，着手，开始，安排；set about着手做，开始做，攻击；set off出发，引爆；set up建立，创立。set out to do sth=set about doing sth开始做某事，横线后用的是动名词，故选B。‎ ‎12.Barbara White and her mother like to listen to music together, though their tastes are _______.‎ A. out of question B. out of date C. out of harmony D. out of reach ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】out of harmony不一致，不和谐。句意：尽管芭芭拉·怀特和她的母亲音乐品味不一致，她们还是喜欢一起听音乐。‎ ‎13.It is the first time that he _______ here and now it is high time that he _______ around.‎ A. come; should be shown B. has come; was shown ‎ C. came; was shown D. has come; be shown ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】在句型“It is the first time that +从句”中前面是一般现在时，that从句用现在完成时；而在句型“it is high time that+从句”中，从句用一般过去时或者用should+动词原形。由此可知B选项正确。句意：这是他第一次来这儿，现在是领着他到处转转的时候了。‎ ‎14.—Have you met Mr. Li?‎ ‎—Yes. When I arrived, he _______ for Shanghai to attend a national conference. ‎ A. just left B. had just left C. just leaves D. was just leaving ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据arrived可知，其主句也应该用过去的某种时态，C项不正确；A项表示过去发生的动作，B项表示过去的过去，这两项均不合句意要求，故被排除；设空处表示过去将来的事情(过去进行时表示将来)，故答案为D项。句意：“你见到李先生了吗？”“是的。当我到的时候，他正要去上海参加一个全国会议。”‎ ‎15.Alfred pretended to be calm when the two policemen suddenly appeared but he knew he _______. ‎ A. has been arrested B. would be arrested C. will be arrested D. would arrest ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：当两个警察突然出现时，阿尔弗雷德假装很镇定，但他知道他会被捕的。从knew看出，本句应用过去时态，且本句中被捕相对于knew而言，是发生在将来的动作，故此处应用过去将来时且用被动语态。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ Education from My Father My memories of my father are slim because he was so sick in the last years of his life. But there are　1　 that I am often reminded of and which may have had some bearing on my love of　2　. ‎ When I was young I was somewhat　3　of lightning and thunder. My father explained it. The explanation was in　4　that a child could understand but was basically correct. I gained a better　5　later, but I didn’t have to unlearn anything. ‎ What he said was that there was electricity in the clouds　6　it traveled to the ground like a spark. When it traveled　7　the air it made the air so hot that it　8　. Then there was nothing where the air had been and the air all around rushed in to　9　the space. He clapped his hands ‎ together very loud, 　10　 to be the air rushing in, and said that makes the thunder. When I hear thunder, I can still hear that　11　. ‎ He explained why if it was cloudy in the winter the night was warmer than if it was　12　. It was one of those nights when the sky was full of stars: no moon, no town lights. But there were more stars than you could　13　and they had color too. He said that if there were no clouds, we had no blankets and were 　14　to the universe. Our warmth was going to　15　the whole universe. When there were clouds, they were like blankets and we were not exposed to the universe. I 　16　feel on the edge of space on a very clear night. ‎ I am sure there were many other lessons that I　17　but no longer remember. What I did　18　, in general, was that there were explanations and that the more I understood them, the more comfortable the world was to live in. I was not taught that there were　19　but that there was understanding if you looked for it. This may be why I have always been　‎20　in science. ‎ ‎【文章大意】文章讲述的是作者小的时候有了父亲给的关于一些自然现象的解释, 从而产生了对科学的喜爱, 影响了作者一生。‎ ‎1. A. others　　 B. few　　 C. some　　 D. all ‎【解析】选C。此处代指前面的memories, 句意: 但是有一些(some)记忆让我常常想起。‎ ‎2. A. science B. nature C. weather D. universe ‎【解析】选A。根据作者回忆的内容和最后一句This may be why I have always been________in science. 可知, 父亲使作者爱上了科学。 ‎ ‎3. A. sure B. fond C. tired D. afraid ‎【解析】选D。作者小时候对雷电感到害怕(afraid)。‎ ‎4. A. depth B. words C. gestures D. data ‎【解析】选B。父亲的口头解释孩子可以听懂, 基本上是正确的。in words口头上, 固定短语。‎ ‎5. A. understanding B. knowledge C. command D. confidence ‎【解析】选A。小时候父亲为了让他能听懂, 解释上肯定不够科学, 完善, 所以此处讲的是作者后来对此增进了了解。gain a better understanding 增进对……的了解。‎ ‎6. A. but B. and C. for D. or ‎【解析】选B。他说的是, 云层里有电, 电像闪光一样传递到地面上。并列关系。‎ ‎7. A. above B. to C. along D. through ‎【解析】选D。当电穿过空气的时候, 它让空气变得很热, 以至于空气都燃烧了起来。through穿过。‎ ‎8. A. shone B. burned C. expanded D. broke ‎【解析】选B。根据后面的Then there was nothing where the air had been可知, 空气燃烧掉了。‎ ‎9. A. fill B. make C. avoid D. break ‎【解析】选A。空气被燃烧掉后, 别处的空气要填补进来, 即fill。‎ ‎10. A. trying B. proving C. hoping D. pretending ‎【解析】选D。父亲拍手, 模拟(pretend)空气快速填补进来。‎ ‎11. A. clap B. remark C. voice D. crash ‎【解析】选A。每当我听到雷声, 我还能回想到当时父亲拍手(clap)的声音。‎ ‎12. A. cold B. bright C. clear D. foggy ‎【解析】选C。此处与前面的cloudy相反, 即clear晴天, 根据后面的It was one of those nights when the sky was full of stars: no moon, no town lights也可知。‎ ‎13. A. explore B. foresee C. imagine D. identify ‎【解析】选C。其实有比你想象(imagine)的多得多的星星, 它们还有颜色。‎ ‎14. A. committed B. exposed C. related D. led ‎【解析】选 B。没有云的时候, 我们完全暴露于整个宇宙之中, 没有什么遮盖。be exposed to 暴露于; be committed to致力于; be related to与……有关; lead to导致。‎ ‎15. A. heat B. protect C. extend D. light ‎【解析】选A。根据warmth可知, 温暖可以给整个宇宙加热。‎ ‎16. A. ever B. also C. even D. still ‎【解析】选D。在晴朗的夜晚, 我仍然(still)能够感受到(像父亲说的那样)好像站在太空的边缘。‎ ‎17. A. selected B. arranged C. absorbed D. delivered ‎【解析】选C。句意: 我肯定还了解了其他很多知识, 但是现在不记得了。absorb吸收, 了解, 学习。‎ ‎18. A. consider B. promise C. explain D. learn ‎【解析】选D。但是我真正学到(learn)的是, 一切都有相应的解释, 我理解得越多, 我就会生活得越舒适。‎ ‎19. A. memories B. blankets C. mysteries D. thunders ‎【解析】选C。父亲教会了我世界上没有什么是解不开的谜(mysteries)。‎ ‎20. A. engaged B. interested C. successful D. skillful ‎【解析】选B。只要我们去寻找, 就可以理解, 弄明白。也许这就是我对科学感兴趣(interested)的原因。‎ 四、七选五。‎ As warming continues，scientists warn the oxygen content of oceans across the planet could be more and more reduced，with serious consequences for the future of fish and other sea life.‎ ‎ 1 One is the simple fact that as water gets warmer，it can hold less dissolved(溶解的)oxygen.The other reason is less obvious.The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the surface—either from the atmosphere，or from photosynthesizing algae floating at the top of the sea. 2 ‎ Global warming is expected to reduce the mixing of the ocean by making surface seawater lighter.That's because in a warmer world we can expect more rainfall and more melting(融化)of glaciers，icebergs，and ice sheets. 3 The extra heat from the warming atmosphere will also make surface water expand and thus make it lighter still. 4 Instead，more of the oxygen will remain near the surface，where it will be used up by oxygenbreathing organisms.‎ A lowoxygen ocean may become an inescapable feature of our planet.A team of Danish researchers wondered how long oxygen levels would drop if we could somehow reduce our carbon dioxide emissions to zero by 2100.They determined that over the next few thousand years oxygen levels would continue to fall，until they declined by 30 percent.The oxygen would slowly return to the oceans，but even 100，000 years from now they will not have fully recovered. 5 　‎ A．It's not known why the oxygen level of oceans has reduced.‎ B．Scientists point to two reasons to expect a drop in ocean oxygen.‎ C．Fresh water's inpouring will make the water at the ocean's surface lighter.‎ D．The oxygen then spreads to the deep ocean as the surface water slowly sinks.‎ E．Global warming has caused the reduction of the oxygen content of oceans worldwide.‎ F．The light surface water will be less likely to sink so the deep ocean will get less oxygen.‎ G．If they are right，we have every reason to worry about the major effect it has on sea life.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章简要介绍了海水中氧气含量主要原因及其可能对海洋生物带来的长期的影响。‎ ‎1．B　[从文章篇章结构分析，本空为段落主旨句。本段介绍了全球变暖使海洋含氧量降低的原因，并且“One”“The other reason”与B项中的“two reasons”相呼应，故选B。]‎ ‎2．D　[根据段落主旨和空前的“The entire ocean gets its oxygen from the surface...at the top of the sea.”可知，此处是通过说明海洋中氧气的来源与循环来解释海洋含氧量下降的原因的，故D项“然后，随着表层海水的慢慢下沉，氧气扩散至海洋深处”符合语境。]‎ ‎3．C　[根据空前的内容和常识可知，雨水和冰川、冰山及冰原融水都属于淡水，海洋中的水是咸水，而淡水的密度比咸水的小，因此淡水的注入会使海洋表面的水变得更轻。故C项符合语境。C项中的“make the water...lighter”与下文中的“make it lighter”的对应关系亦是提示。]‎ ‎4．F　[根据空前的“The extra heat from the warming atmosphere will ...”和空后的“Instead，more of the oxygen will remain...”可知，F项与空前的句子的句式相同，且与空后的句子的内容存在语意上的转折关系，故F项符合语境。]‎ ‎5．G　[G项中的“they”与上文中的“A team of Danish researchers”相呼应，且上文讲到即使我们把二氧化碳的排放降低到零，海洋含氧量也需要很长时间才能恢复，其对海洋生物造成的影响将是长期的，故G项“如果他们是对的，那么我们完全有理由对它对海洋生物的重大影响感到担忧”符合语境。 ]‎