高考英语重点词汇辨析—动词 22页

动词部分 ‎1．accuse / charge 　　accuse 和charge都有“指责，控告”之意，有时可通用，但结构不一样。accuse不一定针对重大过失或罪行，其结构为accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用于重大过失或罪行，其结构为charge sb with sth，此结构还有“使某人负有……责任”之意。 　　My father accused me of my being too careless. 父亲责备我太粗心。 　　He accused me of neglecting my duty. 他指控我玩忽职守。 　　He charged me with neglecting my duty. 他指控我玩忽职守。 　　Jimmy was charged with murder. 吉米被控谋杀。 　　He was charged with an important task. 他担负有一项重要任务。 2．add / add to / add up / add up to 　　add：增加，把……加上。add…to…：把……加到。 　　At the end of the party, we added another program. 　　You needn’t add any water to the medicine. 　　add to：增添。指增添喜悦、悲伤、麻烦等。 　　His coming added to our trouble. 他的到来给我们添了麻烦。 　　add up：加起来。 　　Have you added up all the numbers? 　　add up to：总计。表示加起来的结果，无被动结构。 　　All the numbers added up to 100. 3．advise / suggest 　　advise：建议，劝说。 　　I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest) 　　I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest，虚拟语气。) 　　I advised him to give up smoking. 　　I advised him not to smoke. 　　Could you advise us on how to learn English? 　　Could you give us some advice on how to learn English? 　　suggest：建议，表明，暗示。 　　We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise) 　　We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise，虚拟语气。 　　His pale face suggests that he is in poor health. 他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。 4．agree with / agree to / agree on 　　agree with：同意，赞成后接“人”或what从句作宾语；适合，适应；一致。 　　I don’t quite agree with you. 　　Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting. 　　The weather here doesn’t agree with most of us. 这里的天气我们多数人不适应。 　　3：Your words do not agree with your actions. 你的言行不一。 　　agree to：同意，赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等。 　　John can’t agree to Joe’s idea. 　　agree on：对……达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。 　　Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan. 5．allow / permit / let / promise ‎ 　　allow：允许，许可。指听任或默许，也可用来表示客气的请求。 　　Who allowed you to leave the camp？ 　　Smoking is not allowed here. 　　Please allow me to introduce myself to you. 　　permit：允许，许可。通常指正式的许可。 　　He declared that he would permit me to do so. 　　allow 和 permit 的含义虽然有所差别，但实际运用中两者常通用。 　　let：允许，让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。 　　Don’t let this happen again. 　　This is not allowed to happen again. 不说：This is not let to happen again. 　　promise：答应，允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。 　　They promised an immediate reply. 　　He promised to start at once. 　　I promised him to see to the matter right away. 　　(我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式to see to 是主语I发出的。) 6．announce / declare 　　announce：宣布，宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。 　　The government announced that the danger was past. 　　It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing. 　　另外，要表达“向某人宣布某事”，应用announce to sb sth。后接to sb的动词还有say，explain等。 　　He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.” 　　他向我们宣布了这个消息，然后对我们说：“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。” 　　declare：宣布，声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。 　　The chairman declared the exhibition open. 主席宣布展览会开幕。 7．answer / reply 　　answer：回答，回应。 　　“Tom!” No one answered. 　　Please answer the door-bell. 请去开门。 　　He answered that he knew nothing about it． 　　No one was able to answer him a word． 　　reply：回答，答复。作不及物动词时，后需接to再接宾语；作及物动词时，后直接接that从句或what从句，或用于倒装句。 　　He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.” 　　He replied that he would not go． 　　Not a word did she reply．她一句话也不应。 　　answer当名词用时，与reply一样，要接to。 　　He made no answer / reply to his questions. 8．appear / look / seem 　　appear：显得，好像。有时含有表面上显得，而事实未必的意味。 　　This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes sour. 　　这种苹果看起来好，实际吃起来酸。 　　seem：好像。暗示判断有一定根据，往往接近事实。 　　You seem to have made the same mistake again this time. 　　你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。 　　It seems that it is going to rain ‎ soon. 　　look：好像。表示凭感觉做出的判断。 　　What’s wrong with you? You look pale. 　　It looks like rain. 看来要下雨了。 9．argue / quarrel 　　argue：辩论，争论。指提出理由或论据以支持或反驳某种意见或主张，着重说理。如： 　　What are you arguing about？ 　　I argued with him the whole day. 　　quarrel：争论，争吵，吵架。 　　It’s unwise to quarrel with your boss about that. 为那件事同你老板争吵是不明智的。 10．arrive / reach / get 　　arrive，reach和get都有“到达”的意思。arrive通常与介词at或in连用，它和reach是比较正式的用语；reach是及物动词；get通常与介词to连用，在口语中常用。arrive和get后接副词如here, there, home等时，不用介词。reach和arrive at还有“达成协议，做出决定”的意思。 　　When we arrived at the station, the train had left. 　　At five, they arrived in Beijing. 　　The letter didn’t reach me until yesterday. 　　At what time did you get to the post office? 　　The two sides failed to reach / arrive at an agreement after several hours’ discussion. 　　几个小时的讨论后，双方还是没能达成一致意见。 11．ask / inquire / question 　　ask：问ask sb sth或ask sth of sb；请求ask sb to do sth；要，索取ask for sth。 　　May I ask you some questions? 　　Why did he ask you to come again? 　　Did he ask for anything? 　　inquire：问，询问。它与ask同义，但是比较正式的用语；与into连用时，表示“查究，调查”的意思。 　　I have inquired of him whether he could help me. 我已经问过他能否帮我。 　　We must inquire into the matter. ＝look into，我们必须调查此事。 　　question：提问，质问，审问，怀疑。 　　At first the girls read a chapter from their books, and then the teacher began to question them. 　　I question whether he was once questioned by the police. 　　我怀疑他是否曾被警方审问过。 12．be about to do sth / be to do sth 　　be about to do：即将，正要做……。不加任何时间短语。 　　We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain. 　　be to do：计划，约定；应该。 　　We are to start tomorrow. 　　What is to be done next？下一步做什么？ 13．be careful of / be careful with 　　be careful of：小心，当心，留神，注意。 　　The public were warned to be careful of rats. 公众被警告要当心老鼠。 　　be careful with：细心，注意。指细心地处理或对付某人或某事。 　　You’d better be careful with your work / pronunciation. 你得注意你的工作/发音。 ‎ ‎14．be familiar with / be familiar to 　　be familiar with：对……熟悉。 　　Most of us are familiar with the pop star. 　　John was very familiar with this kind of situation. 　　be familiar to：对……来说是熟悉的；为……所熟知。 　　The pop star is familiar to most of us. 　　This kind of situation was all too familiar to John. (=very familiar) 15．be known for / be known as / be known to 　　be known for：因……而出名。 　　Our town is known for its stones. 　　be known as：作为……而出名。 　　The town is known as a stone town. 　　be known to：被……知晓，了解。 　　The hot spring city is known to every one of them. 16．be made of (from / out of) / be made into / be made up / be made up of 　　be made of：由……制成。用于由产品可以看出原材料。 　　The desk is made of wood. 　　be made from：由……制成。用于由产品看不出原材料。 　　Paper is made from wood. 　　be made out of：由……制成。 　　The desk / Paper is made out of wood. 　　be made into：制成……。 　　Wood can be made into desks / paper. 　　be made up：由……编成。 　　Don’t believe him; the whole story was made up. 别信他的，整个过程都是捏造的。 　　be made up of (=consist of)：由……组成。 　　This desk is made up of / consists of twelve pieces of wood. 17．be tired of / be tired from / be tired out 　　be / get tired of：对……厌倦。 　　I am really tired of your words! 你的话我听腻了！ 　　be tired from：因……疲倦。 　　I was so tired from climbing the hill that I fell asleep the moment my head touched the pillow. 我爬山太累了，所以头一碰枕头/一躺下就睡着了。 　　be tired out：筋疲力尽。相当于be worn out。 　　We were tired out when we climbed over the high mountain. 18．believe / believe in / depend on 　　believe：相信指信某人的言语；认为相当于be sure。 　　Don’t believe him; he’s lying. 别听他的，他在说谎。 　　I believe they’ll succeed in the end. 　　believe in：信任指胜任某人；信仰指信仰真理、主张、宗教等。 　　Don’t believe in him; he’s always lying. 不可信任他，他老说谎。 　　I believe what she said, but I don’t believe in her. 我相信她所说的，但我不信任她。 　　We must work, and above all we must believe in ‎ ourselves. 　　我们得工作，最重要的是我们得信任自己。 　　Most of them believe in God. 　　depend on：信任相当于believe in或trust；依靠相当于live on；取决于。 　　He is a man to depend on / believe in / trust. 他是个可信任的人。 　　Do you still depend on / live on your parents? 你还靠父母吗？ 　　Everything depends on the weather tomorrow. 一切取决于明天的天气。 19．borrow / lend 　　borrow：借，借用。指借入，不带双宾语。结构：borrow sth from sb。 　　Can I borrow your pen? 　　He borrows money from me frequently. 　　lend：把……借给。指借出，可带双宾。结构：lend sb sth =lend sth to sb。 　　Could you lend me your pen? 　　Will you lend your bike to me？ 20．bring / take / fetch / get / carry 　　bring：带来。 　　Bring the book here tomorrow. 　　take：拿走。 　　Don’t take the magazines out of the reading-room. 　　fetch：去拿来。 　　Go downstairs and fetch me some water. 　　get：去拿来。与fetch同义，但较口语化。 　　She got him a good doctor. 她为他请来了一位好医生。 　　carry：携带。指随身携带，如捧、抱、扛、运等。 　　He carried a bag of rice on his shoulder. 　　He often carries a pocket dictionary when he goes out. 　　他出门时经常带着一本袖珍词典。 21．build / put up / set up 　　build：建设，建筑。常用于建造房屋、桥梁、道路等，也用于建设国家、城市等。如： 　　A new bridge was built in this village last month. 　　We are building a socialist country. 　　put up：建设，搭建。侧重于搭盖临时性的建筑物；在现代英语中，可与build通用。还有“张贴，挂起，举起”等意思。 　　They had to put up the tents before dark. 　　If you have any questions, please put up (=raise) your hands. 　　Why not put up a notice on the wall there? 　　set up：建设，创建。常用于创立组织、机构、团体、学校、工厂、公司等。 　　Another night school was set up. 又一所夜校建起来了。 　　They set up a committee to look into the matter. (他们成立了委员会来调查这件事。) 22．care / mind 　　care：关切，忧虑，在乎。care about：在乎，关心。care for：喜欢，照顾。 　　He failed in the exam, but he doesn’t seem to care (about it). 　　他没能通过考试，但他似乎一点也不在乎。 　　Tom doesn’t care what they say. 　　He cares about nothing but money. 他只在乎钱。 　　Would you care for another drink?‎ ‎ 想再来一杯饮料吗？ 　　The children are being well cared for (=looked after). 　　Mind：当心，注意用于肯定句；介意，反对用于疑问句或否定句。 　　Mind your own business. 　　Would you mind my/me turning on the radio? 介意我打开收音机吗？ 23．catch / catch up with 　　catch：赶上。尤指赶车。 　　He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 　　catch up with：赶上。指经过努力赶上同类水平，与keep up with同义。 　　We must double our efforts to catch / keep up with the developed countries. 　　我们必须加倍努力以赶上发达国家。 24．catch / seize / hold / catch hold of 　　catch：抓住，捉住；赶上车。常指从空中抓住某物，或指捕捉等。如： 　　He caught the ball and shot the basket. 他抓住球，投篮。 　　We caught lots of fish today. 　　I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. 　　seize：抓住 指用力猛抓；捉拿，逮捕。 　　It’s a pity that I didn’t seize the chance. 　　Immediately the thief was seized and sent to the police station. 　　hold：握住，手持，抱着。 　　She was holding an umbrella. 　　At that moment I held him by the arm. 就在这一刻我抓住了他的手臂。 　　catch hold of：抓住，抓牢。指抓住某物不放手，相当于get hold of。 　　Be sure to catch hold of the rope. 25．catch fire / be on fire / cause fire / set fire to sth / set sth on fire 　　catch fire：着火 指自然着火，无被动结构。be on fire：着火 指状态。cause fire：起火引起火灾。set fire to sth / set sth on fire：放火，指人为的纵火。 　　The store caught fire at 5:00 this morning, and it was on fire for nearly half an hour. Nobody knows what caused the fire or who set it on fire / set fire to it. 商店早上５点着火，烧了近半个小时，没人知道是什么引起这场火灾或是谁放了这把火。 26．collect / gather 　　gather：收集，聚集；采摘。指把零散的东西集中到一起。宾语通常可以是人，也可以是物。 　　She is gathering wild flowers in the field. 　　Please gather the students for me. 　　He wants to gather money for a motorbike. 他想攒钱买一辆摩托车。 　　collect：收集，集合。指精心地、有选择地收集；作为该意思时，其宾语只能是物。 　　Are you fond of collecting stamps? 　　They are collecting money for the kids in those poor areas. 　　他们正在为贫困地区的孩子们集资。 　　注意：作为不及物动词时，两者可以互用。 　　We’ll gather / collect at the gate of the school at 8:00 a.m. tomorrow. 27．compare with / compare to 　　compare with：把……和……相比。 　　Can you compare this word with that one? 　　compare to：比喻为，把……比作；把……和……‎ 相比。 　　Young people are usually compared to the rising sun. 年轻人常被比作初升的太阳。 　　Don’t compare your toys to / with others’ all the time. 　　别老是把你的玩具和别人的比。 　　compared to / with：比起来，与……相比。过去分词短语作状语，介词用to / with均可。 　　Compared to / with other people, you were indeed very fortunate. 　　比起其他人，你算够幸运的了。 28．contain / include 　　contain：包含全部，容纳。include：包括部分。 　　Senior Book One contains twelve units, including two (units) chosen from the old textbook. 　　This atlas contains forty maps, including three of Great Britain. 　　这地图集含有四十幅地图，包括英国地图三幅在内。 　　How much does this bottle contain? 这瓶能装多少？ 29．cost / spend / pay / buy / charge / sell 　　cost：花费，付出代价。通常以事物做主语，即sth+ cost + (sb) + 金钱、时间、劳力或其他代价。 　　The book cost me $10. 　　Careless driving cost him his life. 粗心驾驶使他付出了生命的代价。 　　spend：花费。主语是人，可以指花金钱，也可以指花时间。spend的用法：sb + spend +时间+ (in) + v-ing / sb + spend +金钱 (时间) + on sth。 　　I spent $10 on the book. 　　I spent two hours (in) finishing the composition. 比较： 　　It took me two hours to finish the composition. 　　pay：付款。 　　I paid $10 for the book. 　　buy：买。 　　I bought the book for $10. 　　charge：收费。 　　They charged me $10 for the book. 买这本书，他们收我十美元。 　　sell：卖。 　　They sold me the book for $10. 30．cure / treat / heal 　　cure：治愈疾病，后常接介词of。 　　The new medicine cured (him of) his heart trouble. 这种新药治愈了他的心脏病。 　　treat：治疗。强调用药物或医疗手段进行医治的过程，并不表示治疗的结果。后常接介词for。另外还有“对待”的意思，后常接as。 　　It was difficult to treat patients (for their diseases) because of a shortage of medicine. 　　由于缺少药物，所以很难给病人治疗。 　　He treats the orphan as his own son. 他把那个孤儿当作自己的亲生儿子看待。 　　heal：治愈外伤。 　　It took three months for my arm to heal properly. 31．die of / die from 　　die of：死于。常指由于疾病、饥饿、情感等原因而死亡。 　　Many of them died of hunger during the voyage. 　　The old woman died of grief soon after her husband’s death. 　　die ‎ from：死于。常指除了疾病或情感以外的原因造成的死亡，及因某种具体疾病造成的死亡。 　　In big cities during cold winter months, many old people die from the polluted air. 　　It is said that he died from / of heart attack. 32．discover / invent / create 　　discover：发现(它的对象原来就存在)。invent：发明(被发明的东西原来不存在)。create：创造。 　　It is well known that Madame Curie discovered the element radium. 　　As is known to all, Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. 　　As we know, Shakespeare created quite a number of wonderful characters in his plays. 33．disturb / interrupt / trouble 　　disturb：打扰，扰乱使无法正常进行。 　　The loud noise disturbed his thought. 　　interrupt：打扰；打断，中断。 　　Sorry to interrupt you, but I have an urgent message. 　　trouble：使麻烦，指心情上苦恼或行动上带来不便。 　　Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 别自寻麻烦。 34．dress / put on / wear / have on / be in 　　dress：穿衣，穿着。可用作及物动词，“人”当宾语；可用作不及物动词；可用be dressed表示穿着状况。 　　The baby isn’t old enough to dress itself. 这孩子还小，无法自己穿衣服。 　　He rose, dressed quickly and hurried to school. 　　She is well dressed today. 　　The girl was dressed in pink last night. 昨晚这女孩穿着一身粉红色的衣服。 　　The girl dressed herself in pink last night. 　　put on：穿上(衣服)，上演。表示动作。 　　Better put on your coat; it’s cold outside. 　　A new play will be put on at the Grand Theatre. 　　wear：穿着，佩戴。表示状态，包括穿着衣物、佩戴首饰以及留头发、胡须等。 　　Can you recognize the woman wearing sunglasses over there? 　　你能认出那边那个戴太阳镜的妇女吗？ 　　I don’t understand why he wears long hair now. 　　have on：穿。表示状态，穿着衣物，不用于进行时态；也意为“有事；有约会”。如： 　　The foolish emperor had nothing on that day. 　　不说：We’re having on school clothes today. 　　Sorry, I can’t help you this weekend. I’ve too much on already. 　　对不起，这周末我不能帮你，我有很多事。 　　be in：穿。表示状态，其后常接表示颜色或服装、眼镜的词作宾语。 　　The boy in white is one of my classmates. 　　He is in uniform today. 他今天穿着制服。 35．employ / hire / rent 　　employ：雇用。较正式用语，指较长期雇用，宾语一般是人。 　　Karl was employed by a car rental agency. 卡尔受雇于一家汽车出租公司。 　　hire：雇用，租用。较普通用语，指短期雇用、租用。 　　The store-keeper hired 10 girls for the Christmas rush. 　　为应对圣诞节前的购物热，店主雇用了十个女孩来帮忙。 　　During the holiday they hired a boat and went ‎ fishing. 　　rent：出租。指长时间租用、出租房屋、场地等。 　　She has rented the house to a young couple. 她已把这房子出租给一对年轻夫妇。 36．fall / drop 　　fall：下落，下降；重伤死亡或倒下用作不及物动词。drop：滴落，掉下；疲劳倒下用作不及物动词或及物动词。 　　He suddenly fell / dropped to the ground. 　　The price of oil has fallen / dropped by $ 2 each barrel. 油价每桶下降了两美元。 　　Hundreds of soldiers fell in this battle. 数以百计的士兵在这次战斗中牺牲。 　　He dropped in the chair the moment he got home. 他一到家就累倒在椅子上。 37．feed on / feed with 　　feed on：靠……为生。相当于live on。 　　Sheep feed mainly on grass. 绵羊主要吃草。 　　feed with：喂养。指喂养的具体动作。 　　He is now feeding his sheep with grass. 他在用草喂羊。 38．fight against (with) / fight for 　　fight against：与……战斗, 反对……的战争，可与fight with互用；但fight with还可表示“和……并肩作战”。 　　They are making great efforts to fight against / with pollution. 　　In World War II, the British fought with the French and the Americans against the Germans.在第二次世界大战中，英国人同法国人、美国人一起与德国人交战。 　　fight for：为争取……而战斗。 　　The slaves were fighting for freedom. 　　He said he would fight for his motherland. 39．find / find out / look for 　　find：发现无意识地；找到有意识地，是look for的结果。 　　When I got there, I found my pocket picked. 当我到那里时，发现口袋被扒了。 　　Scientists have found new ways to clean waste. 科学家已找到清理废物的新途径。 　　find out：查明，查出。指经过探听、询问、调查之后查明、弄清。 　　Please find out who broke the window. 请查清楚是谁打破窗户的。 　　look for：寻找。 　　I have been looking for my pocket dictionary, but I haven’t found it yet. 　　我一直在找我的袖珍词典，但是还没找到。 40．forget / leave / remain 　　forget：忘了带某物。 　　Oh no, I’ve forgotten my key to the office. 　　leave：把某物 / 某人忘 / 留在某地后面要跟地点。 　　Oh no, I’ve left my key at the office. 　　Don’t leave your child alone at home. 　　remain：某人留下来；仍然保持。 　　The refugees were allowed to remain in that area. 允许难民留在那个地区。 　　The boy remained silent. 41．go out / be out / put out 　　go out：熄灭自然熄灭，无被动结构。be out：熄灭表示状态。put out：扑灭。 　　The light went out suddenly, and it has been out for quite a long ‎ time. 　　The big forest fire was put out at last. 　　Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to go out. 　　没人注意到小偷溜进了房子里，因为当时灯刚好熄灭。 　　When the firefights arrived, the fire had gone out / been put out. 　　消防队员到达时，火已经熄灭/被扑灭。 42．happen / occur / take place / come about 　　happen：发生。带有偶然、未能预见的意思，主语为事；当针对人时，意为“碰巧”。 　　This happened on a December evening. 　　What happened to him？ 　　I happened to meet Tom in the street when I went shopping today. 　　It happened that I met Tom in the street when I went shopping today. 　　occur：发生既表示偶然地，也表示必然地；被想到。 　　When did the accident occur? 　　The tide occurs this time every year. 潮水每年这个时候出现。 　　A fresh idea suddenly occurred to me. 我突然有个新主意。 　　take place：发生。指事先布置或策划好而后发生。 　　The May 4th Movement took place in 1919. 　　come about：产生。指自然产生。 　　How do the differences between British English and American English come about? 43．hear / listen 　　hear：听见；听说。它既可以表示偶然听见，也可以表示有意识听的结果；用作“听说”的意思时，后接宾语从句。listen：听，倾听。它是不及物动词，常与to连用；侧重听的过程。 　　I was walking along the street when I heard my name called. 此处是无意识听到 　　I hear (that) he’ll be back in an hour. 此处是听说 　　He listened but could hear nothing. 此处是有意识听的结果 　　Speak louder so that everyone can hear you clearly. 　　Speak louder to make yourself heard. 讲大声点，以便能使你的声音让别人听到。 　　The music is well worth listening to. 44．hear of / hear from 　　hear of：听说人或事。其后常接名词或代词。 　　I’ve never heard of such a man. 　　hear from：得到某人的音信，收到某人的来信。 　　Have you heard from him recently? 　　I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. 45．help / aid / assist 　　help：帮助，帮忙。是普通用语，常用在日常谈话中。 　　May I help you with your luggage? 　　We helped him (to) mend his bicycle. 　　aid：帮助，援助。是比较正式的用语。 　　The flooded areas were aided by many countries. 灾区得到许多国家的援助。 　　assist：帮助，协助。是比较正式的用语，强调起协助作用；其名词assistant是“助手”的意思。 　　She assisted me in the experiments. 她协助我做实验。 46．hope / wish / expect / long / desire ‎ ‎ 　　hope：希望。常用词语，其后不能接不定式复合结构。 　　I hope to visit China again. 　　I hope you’ll visit China again. 　　不说：I hope you to visit China again. 　　wish：盼望。常用于比较难于实现的愿望。 　　I wish to visit China again! 　　I wish you to visit China again! 　　I wish you would visit China again! 此处有虚拟的含义 　　expect：期盼，期待。 　　I am expecting you to visit China again! 　　long：渴望。 　　I am longing to visit China again! 　　I am longing for you to visit China again! 意思同235 　　She is longing for the chance to speak to him in private. 　　她渴望有机会能私下里跟他交谈。 　　desire：愿望，欲望。相当于hope for，wish for，long for。 　　We all desire happiness and health. 47．hurt / injure / wound / harm / damage / destroy 　　hurt：伤害常用词，包括外伤和感情伤害；疼痛此时用作不及物动词。 　　I hurt myself in the leg when I fell off the bike the other day, and it still hurts now. 　　前几天我从自行车上摔下，伤着腿，现在还疼着呢。 　　I am afraid your words have hurt him. 　　injure：受伤。常指意外或事故伤害。 　　Several people were injured in the traffic accident. 　　wound：受伤。常指战争场合的伤害，如枪伤、刀伤等。 　　His father was wounded in the war 30 years ago. 　　harm：危害。 　　In my point of view, the rain will harm our crops. 　　依我看来，这雨对我们的庄稼有害。 　　Reading in dim light will harm your eyes. 在昏暗的灯光下看书会损害眼睛。 　　damage：损害。常指不完全地破坏；侧重人为过失；不用于指人。 　　The car was slightly damaged in the accident. 　　destroy：毁坏。常指严重地，甚至毁灭性地摧毁；侧重外界力量；可用于指人或物。也可以指希望、计划等破灭。 　　Thousands of houses were destroyed in the earthquake. 　　His hope of being a writer was destroyed. (他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。) 48．interview / cover / report / broadcast 　　interview：采访某人；面试。 　　The winner was interviewed by a lot of reporters there. 　　We’re interviewing six candidates候选人for the job. 　　cover：采访，报道某事。 　　He was sent to cover the whole event. 　　report：报告，报道某事。 　　We aim to report news to the people as fairly as ‎ possible. 　　我们旨在尽量公正地向人们报道新闻。 　　Journalists in Cairo reported that seven people had been shot. 　　broadcast：广播。 　　The interview was broadcast live across Europe. 这次采访在全欧洲现场直播。 49．join / join sb in / join in 　　join：参加。指加入某种团体、机构等。 　　When did you join the Party? 你是什么时候入党的？ 　　join sb in：参加。指和某人一起参与某种活动。 　　Will you join us in the party? 要不要和我们一起参加晚会？ 　　join in：参加。指参与某种活动。 　　Will you join in our party? 要不要参加我们的晚会？ 50．know / get to know / recognize 　　know：认识，了解。既可以表示“认识”的那一刻，也可以表示“认识”的过程。get to know：认识，结识。表示“认识”的那一刻。recognize：认出。 　　I got to know him three years ago, that is, I have known him for three years. But strange enough, I couldn’t recognize him the other day when I met him. 三年前我认识他，也就是说，我已认识他三年了；但很奇怪，那一天我遇到他时，却认不出他来。‎ 名词部分 ‎1．accident / incident / event 　　accident：事故。通常指意外事件，偶发事件。 　　It was quite an accident. 这完全是偶然事件。 　　incident：事件。尤指与较为重大的事件相比显得不重要的事件；它还用以表示引起国际争端或战争等的历史事件。 　　This is only a common incident. 　　The Lugouqiao Incident occurred on July 7, 1937. 　　event：大事件，大记事；比赛项目。 　　Which events have you entered for? 你参加了哪几项比赛？ 2．ache / pain 　　ache主要指身体某一部分的“疼痛、酸楚”，常用于复合名词，如headache，toothache，stomachache。用作此义时，有时可以与pain换用。 　　Where is the ache / pain？ 　　pain可用于身心两方面所感受到的痛楚，在指精神方面的痛苦时不能用ache代替。如： 　　Her laziness caused pain to her parents. 她的懒散让她父母很头痛。 3．affair / matter / business / thing 　　affair：事情，事务。常以复数形式出现，通常指重大或头绪较多的事务。 　　He is now in charge of foreign affairs. 他现在负责外交事务。 　　又如：international affairs 国际事务，family affairs家庭事务，class affairs班级事务。 　　matter：物质用作不可数名词；问题常指毛病或麻烦事。 　　Don’t worry. It is simply a matter of time. 别担心，这只是时间问题。 　　business：事情。常指正经事或闲事。有时说的是指派的工作或商业买卖。 　　Business before pleasure. 先正事，后娱乐。 　　Mind your own business. 少管闲事！ 　　thing：东西，事情。用复数意为“情况，形势”。 　　Things are getting worse and worse. 情况变得越来越糟。 4．aim / purpose / object ‎ 　　aim：目的，目标。指抱有一种明确的目的，并意味着为之实现而竭尽全力，相当于goal。也可作动词，意为“对……瞄准, 打算”。 　　Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. 生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针。 　　purpose：目的，意图。指心中有打算，并意味着对所做的打算有较大的决心。 　　It was done with a definite purpose. 做这事是有明确目的的。 　　object：目标。指眼前的目标和努力方向。 　　The object of my visit is to consult you. 我来找你的目的是要请教你。 5．amount / number 　　amountof：数量，量。后接不可数名词。 　　People bought a great amount of food from the market before the Spring Festival. 　　numberof：数量。只可接可数名词。 　　A number of experts attended the conference held in Shanghai yesterday. 6．animal / beast / creature 　　animal：动物。区别于植物而言，是常用词语。 　　It is an animal of monkey kind. 　　beast：动物，走兽。通常指四足动物。 　　The tiger is a beast of prey. 老虎是食肉兽。 　　creature：生物，生灵。指人时，常带有感情色彩。 　　Your daughter is a lovely creature. 你女儿是个可爱的小精灵。 7．bank / shore / beach / coast 　　bank：岸。常指河岸。 　　The town is on the bank of the river. 　　shore：岸。常指海、湖的岸，含有与水相对的意味。 　　The ship stopped a little way off the shore. 船停在了海岸边不远处。 　　beach：海滩，湖滩。常指涨潮时有水，退潮时无水的有沙子或卵石的海滩或湖滩。如： 　　The children are playing on the beach. 　　coast：海岸。仅指沿海之岸，尤作为水域边界。 　　There are many harbors on the east coast of our land. 8．cause / reason 　　cause：起因，缘故。着重指产生某种结果的原因。 　　The cause of the fire was carelessness. 这次火灾是由于粗心引起的。 　　reason：原因，理由。着重指产生某种行为或想法的理由。 　　The reason why I did not come yesterday is that I was sick. 9．chance / opportunity 　　chance：机会用作可数名词，是普通用语，尤以指一种侥幸的或偶然的机会；用作不可数名词，相当于possibility。 　　He has long hoped for a chance of success. 　　There is no chance that he failed to come. 他不可能来不了。 　　opportunity：指良好的“机会，机遇，时机”。 　　I am glad to have this opportunity of speaking to you alone. 　　很高兴有机会和你单独谈谈。 10．clothes / clothing / cloth 　　clothes：衣服。是名词复数，不直接与数词连用。 　　Most of her clothes were made by ‎ herself. 　　clothing：衣物。是总称，没有复数形式。指一件衣服用a piece of / an article of clothing。 　　The flooded areas are now in great need of food and clothing. 水灾地区现在急需食物和衣物。 　　cloth：布料。是物质名词，不可数名词。 　　Clothes made of this kind of cloth are invisible to anyone who is unfit for his office. 这种布料制成的衣服，不称职者看不见。 11．country / nation / state 　　country：国家。着重指疆土、国土和家园。the country=the countryside乡村，农村。 　　China is a great country with a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的伟大国家。 　　He is content to live in the country/countryside． 他满足于住在乡下。 　　nation：国家，民族。着重指民族和国民，常带感情色彩。在国际交往等正式场合，nation语体庄重，比country常用。 　　The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news. 得知这个消息，整个国家都沉浸在悲痛之中。 　　state：国家，政府。着重指政权和国家机关。 　　Railways in China belong to the state.在中国，铁路归国家所有。 12．day after day / day by day 　　day after day：日复一日。强调反复, 周而复始。该短语可作主语和状语。 　　Day after day went by, and still no message arrived. 日子一天天过去，仍然杳无音讯。 　　day by day：一天天。强调逐渐变化。该短语只能作状语。 　　Our living conditions are improving day by day. 13．environment / surroundings 　　environment：环境，可指自然环境也可指人文环境，多指给人思想、感情等造成影响的事物或情况。 　　He told a story of man’s struggle with his environment. 他讲了一个人类与环境抗争的故事。 　　surroundings：环境，多指自然环境。 　　The guest house stands in beautiful surroundings. 客房建在环境优美的地方。 14．family / home / house 　　family：家，家庭，家里人。指家庭成员结构。 　　The family is large, and the whole family are now watching TV. 　　He has a large family to support. 他要养活一大家子。 　　home：家，家园。指出生及日常生活的那种环境。也可用作副词。 　　The car broke down on the way home. 在回家的路上车抛锚了。 　　house：房子，住宅。指居住的建筑物。 　　The big fire destroyed the whole house．大火毁掉了整栋房子。 15．fun / joke 　　fun：玩笑，娱乐。是不可数名词。 　　The old man is full of fun. 老人很开心。 　　joke：玩笑，笑料。是可数名词。 　　I had a joke with her. 我跟她开了个玩笑。 16．habit / custom 　　habit：习惯，习性。指个人，常与of doing sth连用。 　　Tom has the habit of listening to music while reading. Tom有阅读时听听力的习惯。 　　custom：习惯，风俗。指个人、社会或团体，常与to do sth连用。 　　Social customs vary in different countries. 不同国家，风俗不一样。 17．holiday / vacation / leave 　　holiday：假日。指逢节日、纪念日的休假日。have a 或one’s holiday 度假，during a holiday ‎ 在一次假期中。这种用法的holiday 总用单数形式，但并不一定只是“一天”假。其复数形式有时也指学校、机关的假期。 　　Tom and I are going to have a holiday. 我和汤姆准备去度假。 　　vacation：假期，任何节假日或休息日，持续时间较长。在美语中指各种假日。 　　Winter vacation is drawing near. 寒假临近。 　　leave：准假，请假期间。 　　I asked for three days’ leave last week. 上周我请假三天。比较： 　　I asked for three days off last week. 意思同上，off为副词，表“缺席、不在”。 18．job / work / labor / task 　　work：工作。通常用作不可数名词。 　　Can hard work change a person that much? 艰辛的工作能使一个人改变那么多吗？ 　　job：工作，活。通常用作可数名词。作“工作”解时有同义词position, place, post等；作“活”解时有同义词task, duty等。 　　I’m not going to wash the dishes; that’s his job. 我不打算洗碗，那是他的活。 　　She has found a part-time job. 她找了一份兼职工作。 　　labor：劳动力。常指体力劳动，通常用作不可数名词。 　　We are in great need of skilled labor. 我们急需熟练劳动工。 　　task：任务，工作。常指难的工作。 　　Trying to bring up a small child on your own is no easy task. 要自己抚养一个小孩不是件轻松的工作。 19．kind / type 　　kind：种，类比较笼统、模糊。type：类型、风格比较具体。 　　There are many kinds of animals in the zoo, including three types of tigers. 20．man / human being / people / person / mankind 　　man：以单数形式出现，如果其前不加任何冠词，可泛指“人”，包括男人和女人；也可泛指“人类”。 　　Man is mortal. 人终有一死。 　　Be a man. 做个大丈夫！／要有男子气概！ 　　human being：可数名词，有单复数形式。它侧重于指与其他的动物、植物或鬼神相对的“人类”。有时还可说成human。 　　She thought she could turn a deaf person into a useful human being. 　　她认为她能够把一个聋人变成一个有用的人。 　　people：集体名词，表示“人”时，总是用作复数，一个人不可说成one people，而要说成one person。 　　使用people 时应注意以下几点： 　　① 其前不加任何冠词时泛指“人，人们”。 　　People from all walks of life will be present at the meeting. 各条战线的人们都会出席这次会议。 　　② 其前加the，表示“人民，民众”。 　　We should serve the people heart and soul. 我们应全心全意为人民服务。 　　③ people 用做可数名词时，表示不同的民族或不同国家的人民。 　　May the friendship between the two peoples last forever. 祝愿两国人民的友谊万古常青。 　　person：意为“人”，是最普通的说法，它可用于指所有的人，包括男人、女人和孩子，是可数名词。 　　Do you know the person over there? 　　mankind：常用来指代整个人类。其前不加任何冠词，本身也不能加复数词尾。 　　Mankind is progressive. 人类总是不断进步的。 21．middle / center ‎ 　　middle：中间，当中。指跟两边或各边、两端或各端大致等距离的部分；可以用于指空间或时间。 　　It will be coming into bloom about the middle of next month. 下月中旬会开花。 　　center：中心。通常用于指空间，强调正中心。它还可用于借喻，表示某一事物的中心。center作动词用时，其含义为“集中”，后常接介词on。 　　Draw a circle round a given center. 用所给的圆心画圆。 　　The discussion centers on the most important question． 　　这次讨论主题集中在这个最重要的问题上。 22．question / proble 　　question：问题。作动词意为“提问，质疑”， 指由于疑惑不解而提出疑问。 　　Tom made a quick answer to the question. 汤姆马上作出回答。 　　One questioned whether he was telling the truth. 有人提出质疑他是否讲真话。 　　problem：问题。指等待解决或决定的问题，尤指难题。 　　We argued with them about this problem for a long time．关于这个问题他们争论很久了。 23．soil / earth / ground / land / mud 　　soil：土地，土壤。指含有有机成分、适宜于耕种的土壤。 　　The water washed away much of the top soil. 　　earth：土，泥相对于岩石和沙子而言；地球。 　　The peasants were trying to fill the big hole with earth. 农民正在设法用土填那个大坑。 　　Today the earth is becoming more and more polluted. 现在地球受污染越来越严重。 　　ground：土地，地面。指大地表面。 　　The wounded have been lying on the ground for more than two hours. 　　land：陆地，土地。指海洋、河流相对的陆地。 　　We came here by land, not by water. 我们是从陆路来，不是从水路来。 　　mud：泥，泥浆。 　　After the football match, he was covered with mud. 足球赛过后，他浑身沾满泥。 24．sound / noise / voice 　　sound：声音，声响。指所能听到的任何声音。 　　Last night I heard the sound of voice first, then the sound of music and finally there came the sound of breaking glasses and plates. 昨晚我先是听到了谈话声，接着听到了音乐声，最后传来了打破杯子、盘子的声音。 　　noise：嘈杂声，噪音。 　　The noise from the factory machines kept me awake the whole night. 工厂里机器的噪音让我整夜没睡。 　　voice：声音，嗓音。指人说话或唱歌的声音。 　　Could you raise your voice so that I can catch you? 你能大点声吗，好让我听到？ 25．state / condition / situation 　　state：状态，状况。指人或物在环境、外观、心情等方面的状态、情形。 　　Ice is the solid state of water. 　　He’s now in a poor state of mind. 他现在心情不好。 　　condition：条件，状况。侧重于外部的、周边的环境或条件。 　　The workers went on strike, demanding better pay and working conditions. 　　工人们举行罢工，要求更高的报酬和更好的工作条件。 　　The house was in a terrible condition / state of repair.‎ ‎ 这房子极需修葺。 　　situation：情况，形势，局势，局面。常指军事、政治、经济的状态，也可指某人、某物所处的特殊情况。 　　Nowadays the international situations are changeable. 当今国际形势风云多变。 　　He’s now getting into difficult situations. 他陷入困境。 26．story / tale 　　story：故事。普通用词，可以指对一个虚构或真实事件的叙述，口头形式或书面形式皆可。 　　I would tell my child a story before sleep. 睡前我会给孩子讲故事。 　　tale：故事。指任何为欺骗或娱乐而讲的或编撰的荒诞事件，尤指为逗孩子们娱乐所讲的童话或所编的夸张性故事。 　　It is a false tale. 那是无稽之谈。 　　I liked fairy tales when I was a child. 童年的我喜欢童话故事。 27．strength / force / energy / power 　　strength：力量，力气。常指固有的潜在力量，如人的气力、精力，也指物质的强度等。 　　Union is strength. 团结就是力量。 　　By doing so, you can test the strength of steel. 这样做，你可以试验一下钢的强度。 　　force：力量，力气。常指暴力、势力、军事力量等；复数形式指“兵力、武力”等。 　　It is the air force that matters. 是空中力量在起作用。 　　Air forces were sent to the front. 空军被派往前线。 　　energy：活力，精力，能量指人的精力、自然界的能量等。 　　They are making use of solar energy. 他们在利用太阳能。 　　power：力量，威力，权力，做事或行动的能力。 　　Water power is more enough in this area. 该地区水力资源丰富。 28．trip / journey / travel / tour / voyage 　　trip：旅行，旅程。旅途不分长短。 　　My trip to school usually takes me five minutes on foot. 　　我的北京之行不只是观光，我还有公务在身的。 　　journey：旅行，旅程指时间和路程都较长的陆路旅行，历程，过程，进程。 　　The long journey was too much for the old man. 这次长途旅行对这个老人家来说真是够呛。 　　Life is a journey from birth to death. 生命是从出生到死亡的历程。 　　travel：旅行，旅游。无旅程含义。往往是到国外或某个遥远的地方去。泛指旅行，其前不加冠词；当复数用，表示游历、游记等。 　　Travel was slow and dangerous in olden times．古时的旅行又缓慢又危险。 　　tour：漫游，周游。常指访问多处的观光旅行，常指周游后回到原出发地。 　　Confucius began to make his tour among the states．孔夫子开始周游列国。 　　voyage：航行。指航海或航空。 　　The voyage through the Pacific took them nearly one month.横渡太平洋之行花了将近一个月。 29．value / price / cost 　　value：价值。price：价格，价钱，定价。cost：价格，成本，费用。 　　The book is of no value. 这本书没价值。 　　The book was sold at a cost price. 这书以成本价出售。 　　What’s the cost of the journey? 这趟旅行的费用多少？ 30．war / battle / campaign / fight / struggle 　　war：战争。指战争的总体而言，一次war包含许多次battle。 　　Old Smith experienced two world wars. ‎ 老史密斯经历了两次世界大战。 　　battle：战役。通常指大规模的战斗，也可用于比喻。 　　The battle against racial discrimination is not over. 反种族歧视的斗争还未结束。 　　campaign：战役在某一地区所采取的一系列有固定目的的军事行动，规模比battle大；运动为达到某一特殊目标所做的一连串有计划的活动。 　　The company has spent over £50 million on its latest advertising campaign.在最近的广告大战中这家公司花了五千万英镑。 　　fight：斗争，战斗。指人与人或动物与动物之间的打斗。 　　The quarrel ended up with a fight. 那场争吵最终以打斗告终。 　　struggle：挣扎，斗争。表示的“斗争”包含着奋力挣扎的因素。 　　He devoted his life to the struggle against fascism and oppression.他献身于反法西斯和反压迫的战争。 形容词部分 1．actual / real / true 　　actual：实际的，现实的。 　　Could you offer us the actual figures? 您能否为我们提供实际的数字？ 　　real：真的。与“假的”相对。指物品的外表与实质一致，不是仿造或模型之类的东西。 　　Was it a real man you saw or a ghost? 你看到的是真的人还是鬼魂？ 　　true：真实的，真诚的，真正的。指现实中存在的而不是想象或虚构的东西，多用来修饰抽象名词。 　　Is it true that the plastic model in your shop is as big as a real girl? 　　你商店里的塑料模特与真实的女孩一样大是真的吗？ 　　It’s a true story, based on actual events. 这是个基于现实的真实故事。 2．afraid / fearful 　　afraid：害怕，担心。是形容词；be afraid to do表示“害怕”，be afraid of doing表示“担心”，be afraid that …表示“恐怕，担心”。 　　The boy was afraid to get close to the dog, for he was afraid of being bitten. 这个男孩怕接近狗，怕被咬。 　　fearful：害怕的，担心的。fear是动词或名词；动词与be afraid往往可以通用，但不如be afraid常用。 　　We fear no difficulty. 我们不惧怕困难。 3．alike / similar 　　alike：意指“几乎同样”，常用作表语，不可直接放在名词前面。 　　All music is alike to Tom. 各种音乐在汤姆听来都一样。暗指没有鉴赏力。 　　similar：指在很多方面相似，但不是全部；be similar to与……相似。 　　We have similar tastes in music. 我们对音乐有类似的鉴赏力。 4．alive / living / live 　　alive：还活着的。只当表语或后置定语。 　　Is he the only person alive after the crash? 撞车事故后他是唯一活着的么？ 　　living：有生命的。 　　There are all kinds of living things on the earth. 地球上有各种活物。 　　live：活的相对于已死的，常用来修饰动物；现场的。 　　It was a live broadcast. 这是现场直播。 5．all / whole / total 　　all：所有的。常用于the，that，物主代词或数词之前。修饰可数名词时，指“三个或三个以上都……”；也可用来修饰可数名词的单数形式或不可数名词，指“整个的”。 　　All the apples were eaten.‎ ‎ 所有的苹果都给吃了。 　　All the apple was eaten. 整个苹果都给吃了。 　　Not all the food was shipped from the south. 并非所有的食物都是从南方运来的。 　　whole：整个的，全体的其前加the或形容词性的物主代词等，修饰单数名词；整整的其前常加表示整数的数词，修饰复数名词；完整的，齐全的，无缺的，无损的。 　　The dish is still whole for all the shocks. 虽然受了很多震动，盘子依然无损。 　　total：完全的，总的。 　　After that, there came a moment of total silence. 随后一片寂静。 6．alone / lonely 　　alone：单独的多作表语或状语。lonely：孤独的，寂寞的；荒凉的多作定语或表语。 　　At that time he lived alone on the lonely island. Though he was alone, he did not feel lonely. In fact, he enjoyed his life there. 当时他孤身一人住在荒岛上。尽管他孤独一人，可他并没有感到寂寞。实际上，他很喜欢那里的生活。 7．anxious / eager 　　anxious：渴望的，焦虑的。含有未知结果如何，有些为之担心的意味。 　　She was anxious to know the result of the exam, as she left at least three questions undone. 她急着想知道考试结果，因为她至少有三道题没做。 　　eager：渴望的，热切的。着重指渴望什么或渴望做什么的热情或迫切心情。 　　I was eager to get back to work as soon as possible. 我渴望尽早回来工作。 8．asleep / sleepy / sleeping 　　asleep：睡着的。表示状态，只当表语或后置定语。fall asleep表动作。 　　She did not fall asleep until daybreak. 她到拂晓才入睡。 　　sleepy：困的，欲睡的。 　　The baby is sleepy; its head is nodding. 孩子困了，在“点头”呢。 　　sleeping：睡觉的。表示正在睡觉的动作。 　　Don’t shout! You may wake up the sleeping baby. 9．big / great / large 　　big：大的。常用词语，也较口语化。 　　I’ve caught a big fish． 我逮着一条大鱼。 　　large：大的，巨大的。也是常用词语，但不如big口语化。 　　A large number of people came from all parts of the country to see the exhibition. 大量来自全国各地的人看展览。 　　great：大的，伟大的，重要的。常带有感情色彩。 　　The Chinese people are a great people. 　　His research has been of great practical value. 他的研究很有实用价值。 10．bright / clever / wise 　　bright：聪明的，伶俐的。尤指青少年和小孩。 　　His teacher said he was not bright and not worth teaching. 　　clever：聪明的，机敏的。可指人，也可指动物。 　　What a clever boy / monkey! 　　wise：聪明的，明智的，英明的。可指人、行为、语言、计划等。 　　A wise person is one who has much knowledge and the ability to use it well. 　　英明的人是指一个知识丰富并有能力运用好这些知识的人。 　　Lincoln is considered to be a wise leader. 　　It’s generally considered not wise to give a child whatever he or she ‎ wants. 　　通常认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。 11．common / popular / ordinary / general / usual / normal 　　common：普遍的，一般的，大众的。 　　This is common sense. 这是常识。 　　It is common knowledge that travel broadens the mind. 　　旅行能拓宽视野这是众所周知的事。 　　popular：大众的，受欢迎的。 　　His teaching method is successful, so he is popular with the pupils. 他的教学方法很成功，因此受学生欢迎。 　　ordinary：普通的，平凡的，不出众的。 　　I use ordinary gas. 我用普通汽油。 　　Jack is an ordinary-looking man. 杰克相貌平平。 　　general：一般的，总体的，大体的。常指同类中的近乎全部。 　　usual：通常的，往常的。 　　It is usual for him to give things up halfway. 他半途而废是常事。 　　normal：正常的，正规的，常态的。如： 　　The normal temperature of the human body is about 37℃. 　　It’s normal to feel nervous before an exam. 考前紧张是很正常的。 　　All I want is to lead a normal life. 我所想要的就是过个正常的生活。 12．elder / elderly / older 　　elder：年长的，资格老的只当定语，不当表语；可作名词，复数意为“长辈”。elderly：过中年的，近老年的形容词；到了晚年的人名词。older：年龄大的可当定语和表语；较旧的指物。 　　The elderly gentleman standing there said, “ My elder brother is three years older than me.” 站在那里的那位老先生说：“我哥哥比我大三岁。 　　His schoolbag is older than mine. 他的书包比我的旧。此处不能用elder。 13．everyday / every day / daily 　　everyday：形容词，意为“日常的，普通的”。every day：作状语，意为“每天，天天”。daily：可作形容词＝everyday；也可作副词=every day；还可作名词，意为“日报”。 　　Study is just part of daily / everyday life. 学习是日常生活的一部分。 　　Reading China Daily can improve our English rapidly. 阅读《中国日报》能迅速提高我们的英语水平。 14．false / wrong 　　false：虚假的；错误的，表示所说的、想的与实际情况相违，含有假冒、欺骗之嫌。如false teeth / hair假牙/假发。 　　wrong：错误的，不正确的，无假冒、欺骗之意。 　　He may be wrong in his opinions, but he is not false in trying to impress them on others.也许他的观点是错误的，但他试图让人记住这些，这并不假。 15．farther / further 　　farther：更远。further：更远；更进一步，更深一层。作为“更远”，二者可以通用。若表示“更进一步，更深一层”，只能用further。 　　The problem must be further discussed next time. 这个问题我们下次进一步讨论。 16．fast / quick / rapid / soon 　　fast：快的，迅速的。指速度迅速。 　　I always keep my watch 15 minutes fast.‎ ‎ 我总是让我的表快十五分钟。 　　quick：快的，迅速的；机敏的。指立即行动、毫不延迟；动作敏捷。 　　Robertson’s quick thinking saved the little girl’s life. 　　罗伯逊敏捷的思维救了那个小女孩的命。 　　rapid：快的，迅速的。比较具体，常指流水、发展、进步等方面的“快”。 　　The patient made a rapid recovery. 病人康复很快。 　　soon：快，早。指时间。 　　He’ll be here soon. 他会很快就到。 17．foolish / silly / stupid 　　foolish：愚蠢的。指缺乏智慧或判断力。 　　It would be foolish of us to quarrel. 我们争吵是愚蠢的。 　　silly：傻的，糊涂的，幼稚的。指头脑简单、不懂事，或指言行无聊。 　　The silly child is always asking silly questions. 这个傻孩子总是问傻问题。 　　stupid：笨的。指生性迟钝或反应迟钝，有时含有顽固、固执的意味。 　　How I wish I had your brains! I’m too stupid. 我多希望有你的脑子！ 18．possible / probable / likely 　　possible，probable和likely都有“可能的”的意思。possible和probable只能以事情作主语，常用“It is ~ for sb to do sth或It is ~ that …”句型，probable的可能性较大；likely的主语可以是人、事或物。 　　He is likely to come this afternoon. 　　It is probable that he’ll come. 他很可能会来。 19．sick / ill 　　sick：病的；恶心的可作定语或表语。ill：病的可作表语，不当定语；坏的通常作定语，不作表语。 　　—You look pale. Are you sick / ill? 你脸色苍白，病了吗？ 　　— No, I’m just feeling sick on the ship. Ill habit! 不，没有，只是晕船。坏毛病！ 　　He was unable to join the army because of ill health. 他没能参军，因为身体不好。 20．silent / quiet / calm / still 　　silent：安静的，寂静的，沉默不语的。表示不说话、不弄出声响，但不一定指没有活动。 　　The boy sat there, silent. 　　The class was silent as the teacher explained the exam rules. 　　当老师解释考规时教室里寂静无声。 　　quiet：安静的，宁静的。用于自然环境，指没有喧闹的寂静状态，相当于peaceful宁静的，平静的，安宁的 / 和平的， 爱好和平的；指人时，表示生性安静、沉默寡言的、不易激动。 　　As we were walking along the quiet / peaceful lake, he just kept silent all the time. But in fact, he is not a quiet man. 当我们沿着宁静的湖岸散步时，他自始至终一言不发，可实际上他并不是沉默寡语的人。 　　calm：平静的，冷静的，镇静的。 　　The sea is now calm. 大海现在风平浪静。 　　Keep calm in time of danger. 危险时要保持冷静。 　　still：静止的，不动的。 　　Please keep still while I’m taking your photos. 　　The saying “Still waters run deep” is used to say that someone who is quiet may have very strong feelings or a lot of knowledge. “静水流深”这个谚语用来指生性安静的人也许有着强烈的情感或丰富的知识。 21．special / especial / particular / peculiar ‎ 　　special：特别的，特殊的，专门的；专程的。 　　Are you doing anything special for Christmas? 　　This is a special room for you. 　　I came here specially to see you. 我是专程来看你的。 　　especial：特别的，尤其的。英国英语，正式用语，相当于special，但special含有“专门的，专程的”之意 　　This is an issue of especial importance. 这是个特别重要的问题。 　　I came here to see my friends, especially you. 我来看朋友，特别是你。 　　particular：特别的，尤其的；挑剔的。 　　I didn’t have any particular plan in mind. 　　The old lady is really particular about what she eats. 老太太对吃的特别挑剔。 　　peculiar：特有的，独具的。 　　That is his peculiar character. 那就是他的独特性格。 22．wide / broad 　　wide：宽的，宽阔的。指距离宽，是常用词语，也可用来形容人的眼睛、嘴巴；可以用于引申意义，表示“广泛的、渊博的、丰富的”等。 　　The road is ten meters wide. 　　He has a wide knowledge of French history. 他非常了解法国历史。 　　broad：宽广的，辽阔的。常用于形容领土、疆土或人的肩膀、背、胸襟、思想等。如： 　　The ships are now sailing on the broad ocean. 　　Looking at the new-type camera, the young man with broad shoulders was surprised with his mouth wide open. 　　He has a broad mind. 他有广阔的胸怀。 23．worth / worthy 　　worth和worthy都有“值得的”的意思。worth后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，或接表示钱数或相当于“代价”的比喻性名词，只当作表语；worthy可以作表语后接of，再接名词或动名词的被动形式，或直接跟不定式的被动形式，可以作定语是“有价值的、可尊敬的”的意思。 　　It is worth every penny of it. 所花的每分钱都值得。 　　Smith is a worthy gentleman. 史密斯是个可敬的人。 　　又如，“这地方值得参观。”有以下不同表达： 　　The place is worth visiting. 　　The place is worthy of a visit. 　　The place is worthy of being visited. 　　The place is worthy to be visited