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高考英语书面表达基础五大句型结构讲与练
句子是表达思想的最基本的语言单位。无论是书面表达还是口头表达，都凭借意义连贯的一系列句子以表达人们的思想。要写好一篇文章，无论是长篇大论，还是百字短文，都必须写好一个个句子。写好句子的关高考资源网键就在于培养起句子筐架结构能力。而动词句型筐架意识、修饰语的定位意识以及英语主语表达方式辨别意识则是英语句子筐架结构能力的核心所在。所以有必要强化训练各个有关句式句型，为迅速提高英语书面表达能力打下扎实的基础。
一、主系表结构w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
J 【句型】SVSC (1) 主语+ be+ 表语(名词/代词)
N【用法】在本句型中，名词或代词作表语，名词或代词可带附加成分。要注意主谓一致和时态问题。
è I’m a college student. It must be a grammar mistake
【练习】
u 人类居住的唯一家园是地球。The only home for man to live on is the earth.
v 失败为成功之母。Failure is the mother of success.
w 所有这些词典都对我帮助很大。All these dictionaries are a great help to me.
x 门口那辆摩托车不是我的。The motorcycle at the gate is not mine.
y 倘若我是你，我就采纳他的建议。If I were you, I follow take his advice.
J 【句型】SVSC (2) 主语+ be + 形容词 + (介词短语)
N【用法】在本句型中，形容词作表语。用于本句型的形容词有：u 一般形容词，如pleasant, fine, busy, warm, absent, rich, angry, different等；多数形容词后有固定的介词搭配。v 表语形容词，如ready, sure, certain, sorry, present, content, fond, alive, awake, asleep, alike, alone, afraid, ashamed, aware等。w 跟of介词短语的形容词，如forgetful, doubtful, proud, full, free, short, careful, capable x 跟of介词短语，用来描述人的品行或特点的形容词，如good, clever, kind, nice, foolish, silly, cruel, impolite, careless, stupid, right, unwise, wise, rude, wrong, naughty等。
è be rich in, be busy with, be responsible for, be angry with, be different from, be fond of, be welcome to
è My Chinese host was very hospitable.
【练习】
u 中国自然资源丰富。China is rich in natural resources. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
v 王先生正忙于备课。Mr. Wang is busy preparing for his lessons.
w 他对他儿子学习上的进步感到自豪。He is very proud of his son’s progress in study.
x 他们缺少时间和钱。They are short of time and money.
y 你真糊涂，竟然相信他说的话。It’s very foolish of you to believe what he said.
z 他总是乐于助人。He is always ready to help others.
J【句型】SVSC (3) 主语+ be + 现在分词
N【用法】在本句型中，现在分词作表语，大部分这类词已被看作形容词，它们用来修饰说明表示物的主语。用于本句型的现在分词有：amusing(有趣的), boring(令人厌烦的), disappointing(令人失望的), charming(迷人的), inviting (引人注目的,吸引人的), comforting(令人鼓舞的), confusing(混淆的), exciting(令人兴奋的), embarrassing(令人为难的), discouraging(令人气馁的), disturbing(烦扰的), fascinating(迷人的), interesting, surprising(惊人的), missing, promising(有前途的), puzzling(令人迷惑的), shocking (骇人听闻的), striking(引人注目的), pleasing(令人高兴的), touching(动人的)，worrying(令人担心的)等。
è This poem is very moving. His speech was very boring.
【练习】
u 这个童话很有趣。This fairy tale is very interesting.
v 这个小伙子真讨人喜欢。The young man is very charming.
w 这场追猎扣人心弦, 可惜狐狸还是跑了。The hunt was exciting, but the fox escaped.
x 他的话使人相当泄气。What he said was rather discouraging.
y 他发现的情况使他十分惊讶。He was astonished at what he found.
z 我放在桌子上的英语书不见了。My English book on the desk is gone.
J 【句型】SVSC (4) 主语+ be + 过去分词 + (介词短语)
N【用法】在本句型中，过去分词作表语，且常常带介词短语，介词一般固定，不可随便选用。用于本句型的过去分词有：u常见带介词about分词: excited, pleased, puzzled, shocked, worried. v常见带介词at分词: amazed, disappointed, dissatisfied, amused, annoyed,
astonished, delighted, excited, displeased, pleased, shocked, surprised. w常见带介词against分词：arranged, prepared. x常见带介词for分词：prepared, celebrated, pressed. y常见带介词in分词：absorbed, dressed, celebrated, disappointed, delighted, lost, embarrassed, engaged, experienced, interested z 常见带介词on分词：founded, based, bent, set { 常见带介词to分词：devoted, lost, engaged, known, related, married. | 常见带介词with分词：excited, bored, delighted, disappointed, satisfied, displeased, dissatisfied, equipped, pleased等。
【练习】
u 他是中国人民非常熟悉的。He’s well-known to the Chinese people..
v 他在教学方面缺乏经验。He is poorly experienced in teaching.
w 他们两年前在上海结婚的。They got married in Shanghai two years ago.
x 我不满意我们在那家旅馆受到的待遇。I wasn't satisfied with our treatment at that hotel.
y 我们要作好下一次考试的准备。We must be prepared for the next exam.
z 受到你的来信，我非常高兴。I’m very pleased to hear from you.
J 【句型】SVSC (5) 主语+ be + 形容词 + 不定式
N【用法】u在本句型中，形容词作表语，表语后直接用动词不定式。不定式所表示的动作是有句中的主语所进行的。v用于本句型的形容词有：able, fit, likely, afraid, foolish, lucky, slow, angry, fortunate, mad, anxious, free, nice, stupid, polite, sorry, brave, glad, sure, careful, grateful,, thankful, certain, quick, unable, clever, good, ready, crazy, unwilling, willing, wonderful, content, happy, cruel, rude, curious, sad, worthy, due, kind, selfish, wrong, eager, excited, disappointed, pleased, astonished, puzzled, bored, satisfied, frightened, shocked, surprised, delighted, worried等。
è I’m very glad to know you
è They are all determined to settle in the countryside.
【练习】
u 他很勇敢，闯进了那着火的房子。He was very brave to break into the burning building.
v 他非常仔细, 把每一个细节都核对过了。He was careful enough to check up every detail.
w 战争中的勇士愿意为国捐躯。The brave fighters at war were ready to die for their country.
x 他下决心再也不见她了。He was determined not to see her any more.
y 全世界人民都渴望和平。People all over the world were anxious to have peace.
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
J 【句型】SVSC (6) 主语+ be + 形容词短语 + 不定式
N【用法】在本句型中，在形容词后用不定式，动词不定式修饰形容词，表示程度或结果。主要有四种句型：
u “too + adj. to do sth”结构，表示“太…以致不能…”。v “adj. + enough + to do sth.”结构，表示“够…以致能…”。w “so + adj. + as to do sth.”结构，表示“如此…以致能…”。
x “very/rather + adj. + to do (vt.)” 结构，表示“很…做”，主语是不定式的实际宾语。
è He’s too young to go to school.
è He’s old enough to know the world. 他到了懂得人情世故的年龄了。
è She is very pleasant to talk with.和她谈话很愉快。
【练习】
u 这些柱子(pillars)太细, 支撑不住屋顶。These pillars are too thin to carry the roof.
v 这篇文章他翻译起来太难了。The article is too difficult for him to translate.
w 他很富裕，买得起那辆豪华(luxury)车。He is rich enough to buy that luxury car.
x 他不是傻子，他不会相信那种事。He was not so stupid as to believe that.
y 他很容易相处。He is quite easy to get along with.
z 他气得说不出话来。He was angry to say a word.
J 【句型】SVSC (7) 主语+ be + 形容词 + that从句
N【用法】在本句型中形容词作表语。连词that引导的从句在下列形容词后作宾语：sure, aware, careful, certain, determined等。that引导的从句在下列形容词后作状语：sorry, happy, glad, proud, satisfied, disappointed, pleased等。
è We’ll quite sure that he will succeed.
è I’m very glad that you were able to come.
【练习】
u 我恐怕他不能来开会了。I’m afraid that he won’t be able to come to the meeting.
v 他很高兴他得到了进入大学的机会。
He was very glad that he had got the opportunity to go to college.
w 我们决心把这项工作提前完成。
We are determined that the work should be completed ahead of time.
x 他没有接受邀请，我们都很失望。
We were very much disappointed that he could not accept the invitation.
J 【句型】SVSC (8) 主语+ be + 介词短语
N【用法】在本句型中，介词短语作表语，说明主语的情况。有些介词短语已成为固定的短语，不能随意变动。
è Everything is in good order. All the workers are on strike
【练习】
u 那条铁路正在修建中。That railway is under construction.
v 黎明的父亲失业四年了。Li Ming’s father has been out of work for four years.
w 全班学生都反对这个计划。All the students in the class are against the plan
x 他们是同一国籍。They are of the same nationality.
J 【句型】SVSC (9) 主语+特殊连系动词+ 表语
N【用法】 常见的“特殊连系动词”可分为三类：u表示“变成某种状态”意义的系动词：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, make, prove, run, shine, turn, turn out, wear, work. v 表示“保持某种状态”意义的系动词：continue , die, go, hold, keep, lie, live, remain, rest , return, sit, stand, stay w表示 “自己感觉或令人感觉” 意义的系动词：appear, feel , look, seem , smell, sound, taste。
è Her ideal has come true．她的理想实现了.
è Why do you keep silent? 你怎么不说话？
【练习】
u 你的手摸起来很凉。Your hand feels cold.
v 所有的树叶都变黄了。All the leaves have turned yellow..
w 他们在讨论中全都保持沉默。They all remained silent in the discussion.
二、主谓结构
J 【句型】SV(1) There + be + 主语 + 状语w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
N【用法】u在本句型中there仅起引导作用, 本身无词义。谓语在前, 主语在后, 形成主谓倒装。动词be表示“有”或“存在”。v谓语动词应与其紧邻的主语保持一致。wbe有时态的变化, 也可加入情态动词。x否定式是将not加在be动词或助动词之后, 作主语的名词前常常带有a/an/any。也可在主语前加no (no = not a/an.any)。yhave和there+be的区别：从结构上来讲, have前须有主语, 而there+be结构的主语在谓语be 之后。从意义上来讲, 二者都可译为“有”, 但have表示“所有”, “占有”关系, 译成汉语为 “某人(物)拥有某(人)物”。而there+be结构表示“存在”关系, 译为 “某地(某时)有某物(某人)”。
èThere is going to be a football match tonight.(将来时)
There were many children in the park yesterday.(过去时)
There hasn't been any rain for some days.(完成时)
There must be no more time left. (情态动词)
There used to be a cinema here before the war.(情态动词)
èXiao Li has an English-Chinese Dictionary
There is an English-Chinese Dictionary on the desk.
【练习】
u桌上有盏灯，一本字典和几本笔记。
There is a lamp, a dictionary and some notebooks on the table.
v花园里有许多苹果树。 There are many apple trees in the garden.
w我的小车一定是出什么毛病了。 There must be something wring with my car.
x这里战前曾有一座电影院。 There used to be a cinema here before the war.
y今年有个好收成。There will be a good harvest this year.
z 近十天一直没有雨。 There hasn’t been any rain for ten days.
{ 这一对夫妇之间可能发生过争吵。There might have been a quarrel between the couple.
| 在上下班的拥挤时刻，应该有更多的公共汽车。
There ought to be some more buses during the rush hour.
| 老师手里拿着几本书。There are some books in the teacher’s hand.
J 【句型】SV(2) There + 动词 + 主语 + 状语
N【用法】在there+be结构中, 谓语动词有时不用be而用：u 动词短语：seem to
be(似乎), happen to be (碰巧有/碰巧是), be likely to be (可能有/可能是), appear to be (似乎/看起来) used to be(曾经有)；v不及物动词：live(生活有/住着),stand(伫立/站着), come, exist(存在), rise(升起), lie(位于/有), occur(发生/有), fly(飞), remain(仍/还有/保持)，stand(站/屹立), hang(挂着), rise(升起), run(流淌/行驶), occur(发生/出现)等。
èThere happened to be a bad flood that year.
There once lived a poor farmer who had four sons.
One evening there flew over the city a little swallow.
There remained just twenty-eight pounds.
【练习】
u双方之间发生了一些误会。
There occurred some misunderstanding between both sides.
v从前中国有一个国王。
Once upon a time there lived a king in China.
w似乎有个错误。 There appears to be a mistake.
x一个陌生人出现在小镇上。There appeared a stranger in the small town.
y 离湖不远有一座由人工堆起来的小山。There stands a man-made hill near the lake.
z 火灾之后他的房子片瓦不留。There remained nothing of his house after the fire.
{ 墙上挂着毛主席的画像。There hangs a portrait of Chairman Mao on the wall.
| 在我们社会里依然存在着阶级斗争。There still exists class struggle in our society.
} 从小山背后升起了半个月亮。There rose a half moon from behind the hills.
~ 一条小溪围着村子流过。There runs a small stream around the village.
J 【句型】SV(3) There + be + 主语 + 定语
N【用法】在there+be结构中, 非谓语动词可作定语, 相当于一个定语从句。如果被修饰对象和非谓语动词之间是主谓关系, 且表示正在进行/状态, 则用现在分词作定语; 如是动宾关系, 且表示完成, 则用过去分词作定语; 如表示将来发生的事情, 则常用不定式主动式作定语。
èThere is a man waiting for you.
There were ten people killed in the crash.
There are ten soldiers to attend the celebration.
【练习】
u有许多家务要做。 There's plenty of housework to do.
v我们没有一个可说话的人。 There was no one for us to talk to.
w有几个人我希望你见见面。There' s some people I'd like you to meet.
x当心，有辆车正在开过来。 Look out! There is a car coming.
y这里有一台刚从日本进口的新水泵。There is a new pump just imported from Japan
z现在有一个国际会议在这里召开。 Now there is an international meeting being held.
{ 当时街上有一辆公共汽车和几个行人。There was a bus and some passengers at that time.
| 老板告诉我有几封信要答复。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
The boss told me that there were several letters to be answered.
J 【句型】SV (4) 主语 + 不及物动词 + (状语)
N【用法】在本句型中，作谓语的动词是不及物动词。状语一般都是用来修饰谓语动词做表示的动作，说明动作发生的时间、原因、目的、条件、结果、方式、方法、状态等。作状语的可能是副词、介词短语、名词短语等。
è Birds sing beautifully. He went on holiday.
We stopped to have a rest. I'll go swimming.
【练习】
u在地平线上升起了一轮红日。A red sun is rising from under the horizon.
v 这台机器运转得不正常。This machine is not running correctly.
w 我在海滨居住已有三月。 I have been living at the seaside for three months.
x 解放前，他经常挨冻受饿。Before liberation, he often suffered from cold and hunger．
y 中国属于第三世界国家。China belongs to the third world country．
z 昨天在我家房子的外面发生了一个事故。
The accident happened outside my house yesterday.
{ 我们学校每天八时开始上课。Classes begin at eight in our school every day.
J 【句型】SV (5) 主语 + 动词短语 + (状语)
N【用法】在本句型中，作谓语的动词是不及物动词短语或短语动词。状语可能是副词，介词短语、动词不定式、分词或一个从句。
è The gas has given out.煤气用完了。
My ink has run out. 我的钢笔水用完了。
【练习】
u 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
v 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.
w 有一些规则正在逐渐消失。Some of the rules are dying out gradually.
x 他在敌人面前宁死不屈。He would rather die than give in before the enemy.
y 现在人们的思想发生了很大变化。
Now, a great change in the people’s thinking has come about.
z 哪里工作艰苦，他们就出现在哪里。They showed up where the work is difficult.
{ 全家每星期天去教堂做礼拜。The whole family go to church every Sunday.
| 那些孩子们总是为小事而争吵。Those children are always quarrelling over little things.
J 【句型】SV (6) 主语 + 不及物动词 + 副词(状语)
N【用法】在本句型中，作谓语的动词是不及物动词，但有被动意义。状语多是副词，说明事物的性质或特点。
è Such houses rent easily.这样的房子很容易租出去。
The door locks easily.这扇们很容易锁。
【练习】
u 我们的产品在欧洲市场上非常畅销。Our products sell very well on the European market.
v 这种不料很耐洗。This sort of cloth washes well.
w 这种火柴很容易划着。The match lights easily.
x 这个计划进展顺利。The plan worked smoothly.
y 那天他们都衣着漂亮整洁。They all dressed well and neatly that day.
J 【句型】SV (7) 主语 + 不及物动词 + 不定式(状语)
N【用法】在本句型中，作谓语的动词是不及物动词。动词不定式作状语，表示动作的，说明动作发生目的、原因或结果。表示目的的是：(not) to do, in order (not) to do, so + adv. + (not)to do。表示原因的是：to do (但句中的谓语动词都是表达内心感情的动词)。表示结果的是：to do, only to do.
è He has gone to fetch his cap. (目的)
He stood up to see better. (目的)
He drove at top speed in order not to miss the plane.
He looked up to see the door slowly opening. (结果)
He shivered to think of that horrible idea. (结果)
【练习】
u 他大喊大叫以便引起大家的注意。He shouted so as to attract everybody’s attention.
v 他跑过去帮助受伤的人。He ran over to help the injured.
w 她仔仔细细地抄写以免遗漏任何东西。
She copied so carefully so as not to leave anything out.
x 他们来到机场，却发现飞机已经飞走了。
They got to the airport only to find the plane had already left.
y 他大声地说，以便让人们听清楚他的话。He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard.
z 我们在山顶上停下来欣赏山区的美丽景色。
We stopped on the top of the mountain to enjoy the beautiful views of the mountain areas.
{ 为了赶上会议他早晨六点以前就动身了。
He started before six in the morning in order to attend the meeting in time.
| 那贫穷的日子一去不复返了。The poor old days have gone never to return.
} 看见孩子们在操场上玩，她笑了。She smiled to see the children playing on the playground.
三、主谓宾结构
J 【句型】SVO (1) 主语 + 及物动词 + 名词/代词
N【用法】在本句型中，及物动词作谓语,
名词或代词的宾格作宾语。一些及物动词用于此结构，就可表达完整的意义，无须添加其它成分。如果有状语，也可省略，一般不影响句意的完整。大多数这类动词可用于被动语态。
è I know her very well. He wrote two books last year.
She changed his clothes. I drank a glass of beer.
【练习】
u 刚才是谁接的电话？Who answered the telephone just now?
v 我简直不能相信我的眼睛。I just could not believe my eyes.
w 他立即听出是他的声音。He immediately recognized his voice. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
x 警察抓住了火车上的小偷。The police caught the thief in the train.
y 那位音乐家已收集了500多首民歌。The musician has collected over 500 folk songs．
z 他们进行的一项科学实验很成功。They performed a scientific experiment successfully.
J 【句型】SVO (2) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 状语
N【用法】在本句型中，除主、谓、宾外，还有一个状语，状语多为介词短语。这里的状语不可省，否则话未说完，句意便不清楚。
è I put all the books in that box。
I found a letter under his pillow.
【练习】
u他把桌子推近窗户。He pushed the table nearer the window.
v 她把她的婴儿抱在怀里。 She carried her baby in her arms.
w 我们跟随着化学老师进入办公室。We followed our chemistry teacher into his office.
x 昨天校长领着外宾参观了我校。
Yesterday our headmaster showed some foreign guests around our school.
J 【句型】SVO (3) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 不定式
N【用法】在本句型中，动词不定式作状语表示目的或结果。表目的时，可在不定式前加for sb.，表示不定式的逻辑主语；可在不定式前加in order或so as。
è He opened the door to let the cat in.
They will need two hours to finish the work.
【练习】
u 昨天晚上他们开了个晚会来庆祝他们的成功。
They gave a party to celebrate their success yesterday evening.
v 他们学习英语是为了将来更好地工作。
They study English in order to work better in the future.
w 他买了一辆自行车给他儿子骑。He bought a bike for his son to ride.
x 他每天做晨练，为的是增强体质。
He does morning exercise every day so as to build up his body.
y 他写了许多小故事让孩子们读。He wrote quire a few short stories for children to read.
J 【句型】SVO (3) 主语+及物动词+与动词同源的名词
N【用法】在本句型中，不及物动词用作及物动词，用作宾语的名词与动词同源，故被称为同源宾语。常见的同源结构是：vt. + a + adj. + n. (与动词同源的名词)
è She smiled a very sweet smile.她甜蜜地笑了一笑。
They all slept a sound sleep last night. 那晚他们都睡得很香。
They laughed a hearty laugh. 他们发出尽情的欢笑。
He died a heroic death on the battle field. 他在战场上壮烈牺牲了。
【练习】
u 他现在正过着幸福安逸的日子。He is now living a happy and easy life.
v 昨晚我做了一个奇怪的梦。I dreamt a very strange dream last night.
w 为保卫祖国，他们浴血奋战。They fought a bloody fight to defend their motherland.
x 今天上午老师在班上讲了一个神话故事。The teacher told a fairy tale in class this morning.
y 她在晚会上唱了一支优美的歌曲。She sang a very nice song at the evening party..
z 上星期孩子们在运动会上跑了百米。
The boys ran a hundred-metre race at the sports meet last week..
J 【句型】SVO (4) 主语+及物动词+可用作动词的名词
N【用法】在本句型中，谓语动词是常用的及物动词，如have, take, make, do,
give等，用作宾语的名词一般都可作动词。掌握该句型的关键是要记住动词和名词的搭配。
è have + n.: a rest, a walk, a look, a bath, a drive, a ride, a nap, a share, a smoke, a try, a haircut, a good time
è take + n.: care, a breath, a turn, a notice, measures, a drive, a nap, a bath, a walk, a run, action, a step, an exam
è make + n. : progress, a telephone call, preparations, an
effort, a discovery, a promise, a change, a mistake, success.
è give + n.: a ring, push, a pull, a kick, a smile, a cry, a try,
a shout, a laugh, a call, a shock, a lead, touch, a talk, a welcome, a wash, a long sign, a nod, a clean, a blow
è do + n. : damage, service, work, exercise, a play, repairs
【练习】
u 我将尽一切努力帮助他。I will make every effort to help him.
v 昨夜风暴造成巨大损害。The storm did a lot of damage last night.
w 现在深呼吸，你就会感觉好一些。Now take a deep breath, and you will feel better.
x 他听了这些话，长叹了一声。When he heard the words, he gave a sign.
y 他们深入研究了我们的新方案。They made a deep study of our new project.
J 【句型】SVO (5) 主语 + have + 名词
N【用法】在本句型中，谓语动词是have, 作“有”解，表示“所有”, “占有”关系, 译成汉语为 “某人(物)拥有某(人)物”。构成疑问句和否定句时有两种办法：一是借助do, 二是用haven’t /hasn’t表否定，将have或has 提到主语前构成疑问句。在英国英语中用have got代替have.
è He has got a new bike. I haven’t got any sisters.
She has blue eyes. The room has two windows.
【练习】
u 我没有足够的钱买那本书。I haven’t got enough money to buy the book.
v 一个正方形有四条边。A square has four sides.
w 我妈妈有一段辛酸的童年。My mother had a very unhappy childhood.
x 我们的朋友遍天下。We have friends all over the world.
y 我对英语语法没有多大困难。I don’t have much difficulty with English grammar．
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
J 【句型】SVO (6) 主语 + have + 名词 + 不定式(短语)
N【用法】在本句型中，谓语仍是have (got), 不定式作名词的定语，表示“(主语)有某事要做”。不定式须为及物动词，若表示不定式的动作是句中主语做的，不定式用to do(主动式), 若表示不定式的动作不是由句中主语做的，而是由其他人去做的，不定式用to be done(被动式)。
è He has nothing to say. We have nobody to depend on.
She has a nice room to live in.
【练习】
u 我今天下午有个会要参加。I have (got) a meeting to attend this afternoon..
v 经理有不少信要在十二点只天打出来。
The manager has (got) quire a few letters to be typed out before 12 o’clock.
w 我有许多信要回。I have (got) a lot of letter to answer.
x 那个秘书要处理的文件太多了。The secretary has (got) too many papers to deal with.
y 我有一件行李要受检查。I have (got) a piece of luggage to be examined
J 【句型】SVO (7) 主语 + 短语动词 + 名词
N【用法】在本句型中，作谓语的是短语动词(不及物动词加上一个介词)，名词作介词的宾语。短语动词可用被动语态，介词仍须紧跟动词之后。常见的短语动词有：wait for, look after, listen to, depend on, call on, belong to, happen to, hear from, stick to, succeed in, hear of, think of等等。
è He’s waiting for me. What happened to him?
You must stick to the principle
【练习】
u 运动会的日期完全得看天气如何而定。
The date of the sports meeting all depends on the weather.
v 有些学生总是渴望着放假。Some of the students are always longing for holidays.
w 他终于克服了所有的困难。He succeeded in getting over all the difficulty..
x 他入学考试失败了。He failed in the entrance examination.
y 在我国，老年人受到了精心的照顾。In our country, the old are carefully looked after.
J 【句型】SVO (8) 主语+ 动词短语+ 名词
N【用法】在本句型中，动词短语(一个及物动词，一个名词和一个特定的介词组成)作谓语，动词短语起及物动词的作用，后跟名词作宾语。 变为被动语态的方式有两种：一是用动词短语中的名词作主语，二是用动词短语后面的宾语作主语。常见的动词短语如：catch sight of, lose sight of, take an interest in, take part in, pay a visit to, make use of, give care to, pay attention to, take care of等等。
è I didn’t pay attention to it at first.最初我没有注意到它。
You should give more care to your study. 你应当对学习更加认真。
【练习】
u 我们必须争分夺秒掌握更多的知识。
We must make good use of every minute to master some more knowledge.
v 警察最后抓住了那个小偷。The police caught hold of the thief at last.
w 应该更多地注意贫穷和饥饿。Some more attention should be paid to poverty and hunger.
x 他们跟我开了一个玩笑。They played a trick on me.
y 你必须改掉吸烟的不良习惯。You must get rid of the bad habit of smoking.
z 我们必须充分利用目前这良好的条件。
We must take the fullest advantage of the present good condition.
J 【句型】SVO (9) 主语+及物动词+ 副词+ 名词
N【用法】在本句型中，短语动词(一个单音节及物动词和一个副词构成)作谓语。名词作宾语，放在副词后，代词作宾语，放在副词前。 常见的如：put on, take off, give up, put off, take over, leave out, pick up, get on, hand out等等
è She put on her overcoat and went out.
We’ve turned them over to the police.
A new hospital was set up last year.
He has put aside quire a sum of money
【练习】
u 他们将把会议推迟到五天以后。They will put off the meeting till five days later.
v 那个床占的面积太大。The bed takes up too much room.
w 他们在英语课上编演了个对话。
They made up a dialogue and acted it out in the English class.
x 你最好把这一句话删去。You’d better leave out the sentence.
y 他们最后实现了他们的计划。They carried out their plan at last.
J 【句型】SVO (10) 主语 + 及物动词 + 动词不定式
N【用法】u在本句型中，动词不定式作宾语。v 按句意需要，可在不定式前加not或never表示否定。w 不定式可用被动式(表示主语是不定式动作的承受者)，完成式(在mean/intend/plan等表示打算的动词后用不定式的完成式表示打算进行而未进行的动作)，进行式(表示动作正在进行)。x 常用于本句型的动词有：learn, afford, decide, seek, long, agree, manage, aim, demand, mean, arrange, desire, offer, tend, ask, determine, plan, think, attempt, prepare, threaten, beg, expect, forget, pretend, care, choose, help, promise, want, hope, refuse, wish, intend, remember等。
è I hope to see you at the next meeting.
She wishes to be a doctor when she grows up.
【练习】
u 父亲已经答应给儿子买一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
The father has promised to buy a bike for his sun as a birthday present.
v 他假装知道这件事的来龙去脉。He pretended to know everything about it.
w 他本来打算和我们一道到西安去旅游。He intended to have joined us for the trip to Xi’ an.
x 我可不是有意伤害她的感情。I didn’t mean to hurt her feelings.
y 每位学生都希望被大学录取。Each of the students wishes to be admitted into the university.
z 他已下决心不再犯如此愚蠢的错误。He has decided never to make such a stupid mistake.
J 【句型】SVO (11) 主语+及物动词+ 疑问词+不定式
N【用法】在本句型中，疑问词引导的动词不定式作宾语。这种动词不定式一般都是表示尚未进行的动作，而不能表示已经进行或过去进行的动作。这种结构一般都可用宾语从句替换。常用于本句型的动词有：ask, explain, observe, understand, consider, forget, wonder, guess, decide, remember, see, find out, determine, inquire, settle, discover, know, tell, think out, discuss, learn, think等。
è We haven’t determined when to start.
I’ll find out which number to dial.
【练习】
u 我不知道选哪个好。I wonder/don’t know which to choose.
v 我们将讨论一下如何解决这个问题。 We will discuss how to solve the problem.
w 我不知道该向谁求助。I don’t know whom to turn to for help.
x 我在考虑下步怎么办。I’m thinking what to do next.
y 他不知道讲话一开始该说什么好。He didn’t know what to say at the beginning of his talk.
J 【句型】SVO (12) 主语 + 及物动词 + 动名词(短语)
N【用法】u在本句型中，动名词作宾语。v注意有些及物动词必须用动名词作宾语，常见的有：admit, can’t help, advise, imagine, report, enjoy, include, resist, appreciate, escape, keep, risk, consider, mention, excuse, mind, stop, defend, face, miss, suffer, pardon, suggest, delay, finish, practice, understand, describe, forbid, prevent, forgive等。w有些及物动词用动名词或不定式均可，但用法有区别。常见的有：like, love, hate, prefer, regret, fear, begin, start, continue, try, bear, forget, remember, attempt, need, mean等。
è He enjoys reading short stories. Please stop talking.
He has finished writing it. She couldn’t help crying.
【练习】
u 你必须在课外练习说英语。You must practice speaking English out of class.
v 他最后承认杀害了他的妻子。He admitted killing his wife at last.
w 我的家庭作业真难免出错。I can hardly avoid making mistakes in my homework.
x 他建议出去走走。He suggested going out for a walk.
y 我们恭候佳音。We shall appreciate hearing from you again..
z 我记不起以前在什么地方见过他。I don’t remember seeing him anywhere before.
J 【句型】SVO (13) 主语+ want等+ 动名词((短语)
N【用法】在本句型中，谓语动词是want(需要), need(需要), require(需要)，宾语是动名词，均有被动意义，一般等于动词不定式的被动式(to be done)，表示主语是动名词动作的承受者。
è All the flowers want watering.
My recorder needs repairing.
【练习】
u 他的发音需要改进。His pronunciation wants improving.
v 玻璃杯需要清洗。The glasses need cleaning.
w 地板该洗了。The floor requires washing.
x 房子需要油漆了。The house wants painting. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
J 【句型】SVO (14) 主语 + do+ 动名词
N【用法】在本句型中，谓语动词为do, 但无明显词义，句意主要是由用作宾语的动名词来表达的。动名词前可用冠词、所有格、不定代词、形容词等作定语。
è do some reading 看书， do some washing 洗衣服， do the typing 打字,
do some mending做修补 do some weeding 锄草, do the sightseeing 游览,
do the translating翻译, do much thinking 勤思考, do some listening听录音，
do most of the talking说得多, do some cooking做饭, do some writing书写。
【练习】
u 我们下周初将做依次大扫除。We will do a thorough cleaning early next week..
v 她每个周末都洗许多衣物。She does a lot of washing every weekend.
w 谁为我们做饭？Who will do the cooking for us?
J 【句型】SVO (15) 主语+及物动词+ that宾语从句
N【用法】
在本句型中及物动词后跟连词that引导的宾语从句。that无任何词义，在一些常用动词之后可以省略。常用于本句型的动词有：u accept, decide, hope, declare, ignore, realize, add, admit, recognize, agree, intend, regret,, allow, judge, remark, announce, know, remember, answer, learn, repeat, arrange, mean, ask, dream, mention, mind, expect, explain, note, say, notice, see, fear, object, sense, observe, show, find, state, claim, permit, comment, conclude, pretend, trust, hear, promise, understand, hope, consider, prove, read, write等。v 用于“否定转移”的动词有： think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine，feel. w 宾语从句用虚拟语气的动词有：suggest，propose，recommend，advise，order，command, demand， request，require , instruct， insist，prefer, desire, wish. x doubt用于否定句或疑问句时须用that, 但在肯定句中须用whether.
è Suppose you were in the same position as he is.
He has learned that he failed in the examination.
He regretted that the work had been left unfinished
【练习】
u 我希望明天天气保持晴朗。I hope (that) the weather will stay fine tomorrow.
v 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。I wish I were 30 years younger.
w 我想他们还没拿定主意。I don’t think (that) they have made up their minds.
x 他假装病了以便能待在家里。He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home.
y 他补充说他们对测试结果表示满意。He added that they were pleased with the test result.
z 医生建议他不要再抽烟。The doctor suggested that he(should) not smoke any more．
{ 我们认为没有必要买一台新电脑。We don't think it's necessary to buy a new computer.
| 在电话里，他说到他病了。On the telephone, he mentioned that he had been ill.
} 他从不承认自己错了。 He never admits that he is wrong.
~ 政府宣布他们将修建一条通向山区的新公路。
The government announced that they would build a new highway to the mountain.
J 【句型】SVO (16) 主语+及物动词+“疑问词”从句
N【用法】在本句型中，宾语从句用疑问代词、疑问副词或连词whether/if引导，但宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。常用于本句型的动词有：tell, agree, discuss, know, see, ask,
doubt, learn, settle, say，believe, explain, show, care, find, observe, consider, forget, guess, realize, decide, think, wonder, understand, remember, disagree, imagine, discover.
è I don’t know if he’ll have a try at it.
I doubt if he will succeed.
They’re discussing how they can solve the problem.
【练习】
u 他还没有决定什么时候回国。He hasn’t decided when he will leave for his homeland.
v 我想象不出他是什么长相。I can't imagine what he looks like.
w 我很想知道他是谁, 从哪里来, 来干什么。
I wonder who he is, where he came from and why he came.
x 我们讨论了什么时候召开全体人员会议。
We discussed when the meeting of the whole staff was to be held.
y 他问王先生的手术是否成功。He asked if Mr. Wang’s operation had been successful.
z 他解释了怎样使用那台机器。He explained how the machine was used.
{ 你有没有发现这些日子以来是谁一直在给你送花?
Did you ever discover who had been sending you the flowers these days?
四、主谓双宾结构
J 【句型】SVOO (1) 主语 + 及物动词 + 代词 + 名词
N【用法】u 在本句型中，及物动词有两个宾语，前一个是间接宾语，一般用人称代词宾格，用以指人，后一个是直接宾语，一般用名词，用以指物。v 如果要强调间接宾语，或间接宾语太长，或直接宾语为人称代词，要将间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，并在间接宾语前用介词to w 如果，或用介词to的动词有：sell, pass, do, allow, give, pay, send, hand, read, tell, bring, leave, throw, lend, refuse, wish, offer, write, owe.
è He wrote a letter to the manage last night.
You’ve done a great wrong to your boy.
【练习】w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
u 她把她的旧自行车卖给了我。She sold her old bicycle to me.
v 下次来时请把那封信带给我。Bring me the letter next time you come.
w 吸烟对你没有任何好处。Smoking won’t do you any good.
x 他把他的座位让给一位老人。He offered his seat to an old man.
y 我已把这好消息告诉我所有的朋友了。I have told the good news to all my friends.
z 请把房租交给女房东。Please pay the rent to the landlady.
{ 年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。
The young writer owed his success to his teacher's encouragement.
~ 你必须把票拿给门口那个人看。You must show the ticket to the man at the gate.
} 他迅速地把球仍给了前卫。He immediately threw the ball to the front [advanced] guard.
J 【句型】SVOO (2) 主语 + 及物动词 + 代词 + 名词
N【用法】u 在本句型中，及物动词有两个宾语，人称代词是间接宾语，一般用宾格，指物的名词是直接宾语， v 如果将间接宾语换为名词，或直接宾语为人称代词，要将间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，并在间接宾语前用介词for。w 用介词for的动词有：boil, cook, leave, bring, do, make, save, build, fetch, order, spare, buy, find, paint, write, call, gather, play, get, prepare, choose, grow, reach等。
è My father bought me a pocket knife yesterday.
Her order her an ice-cream.
Please call a taxi for Mr. Smith.
【练习】
u 妈妈给我们全家做了一顿丰盛的晚餐。Mother cooked a good and rich supper for my family.
v 我要给没弟弟挑选一件有用的生日礼物。I’ll choose a useful birthday present for my brother.
w 请给我弄一张展览会的票，好吗？Would you please get me a ticket to the exhibition?
x 这项新技术可以为我们节省大量的时间和劳动力。
This new technology will save us much time and labour.
y 老师让学生们为考试做准备。 The teacher prepared the students for the exams.
J 【句型】SVOO (3) 主语+及物动词+名词 +介词+名词
N【用法】u
在本句型中，及物动词除带一个直接宾语外，还通过一个介词带另一个宾语，一般称为介词宾语，这里介词不可省略，也不可任意选用。v有些直接宾语带有附加成分，这时可将介词和介词宾语放在直接宾语之前。w变为被动语态时，一般用直接宾语作主语，介词和介词宾语放在句尾，介词不可省略。
è explain sth. to sb. hear sth. from sb. add sth. to sth w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
express sth. to sb. suggest sth. to sb. spend sth. on sth.
name sb. after sth. waste sth on sth thank sb. for sth.
stop sb. from -ing supply sb. with sth devote sb. to sth
remind sb. of sth. tell sb.of sth. warn sb. of sth.
【练习】
u 我们把自己的方案向委员会做了说明。We explained our plan to the committee.
v 我们祝贺他通过了考核。We congratulated him on having passed the examination.
w 他接到了大会的邀请信。He receive an invitation letter from the conference.
x 护士致力于病人的护理事业。Nurses devote themselves to the care of the sick.
y 他对我们耍了一个卑鄙的花招。He played a mean trick on us.
z 他向主人表示衷心的感谢。He expressed his hearty thanks to the host.
{ 人生常被喻为蜡烛。Man's life is often compared to a candle.
| 外国人常以孩子祖父母的名字给他取名。
The foreigners often name the child after both grandparents.
J 【句型】SVOO (4) 主语+及物动词+ 名/代 +that-clause
N【用法】u在本句型中，及物动词带两个宾语，前一个为名词或人称代词，后一个为由连词that或wh-引导的宾语从句。v用于本句型的动词有：advise, inform, promise, teach, remind, tell, convince, persuade, show, warn, show, ask等。
è He told me that he would bring up the point at the next meeting.
è Facts have shown us that he is trustworthy.
【练习】
u 毛主席教导我们说，好好学习，天天向上。
Chairman Mao teaches us that we should study hard and make more great progress every day.
v 她答应弟弟将给他写信。She promised her brother that she would write to him.
w 他警告我说，那个人是很危险的。He warned me that the man was very dangerous.
x 医生建议我卧床休息几天。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
The doctor advised me that I should stay in bed for a couple of days.
y 你能向我示范怎样操纵这台机器吗？Could you show me how I should operate the machine?
z 请告诉我哪一条路去邮局最近。Please tell me which is the shortest way to the post office.
J 【句型】SVOO (5)主语+动词+介词+名/代 +宾语从句
N【用法】u在本句型中，及物动词带一个介词宾语和一个由连词that或wh-引导的宾语从句。此处介词不能省略。v用于本句型的动词有：describe, declare, point out, admit, explain, state, agree, hear, prove, suggest, announce, gather, remark, complain, report, mention, say, hint(暗示)，reply等。
è I heard from him that the Book Fair will be held in July.
è He said to me that he preferred to stay in Beijing Hotel.
【练习】
u 他建议我们提前做好考试的准备。
He suggested us that we should be prepared for the examination in advance.
v 事实证明人民的创造力是无穷的。
Facts have proved that the creative power of the people knows no limits.
w 约翰已向我们承认他打碎了窗子。John has admitted to us that he had broken the window.
x 我已向经理报告全部货物已完好无损的到达。
I reported to the manager that all the goods had arrived in good condition.
y 他向我们描述那位陌生人长得什么样。
He described to us what the stranger looked like.
五、主谓宾补结构
J 【句型】SVOOc (1) 主语+及物动词 + 名/代 + 宾补
N【用法】u在本句型中，名词用作宾语补足语。v本句型可变为被动语态。w 用于本句型的及物动词有：appoint (任命), think, call (称呼), elect(选举), make(使成为),
consider(认为), choose, find, name(命名), believe, keep(保守)等。x consider和choose的宾语补足语前可用as. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
è He was appointed mayor of the city. 他被任命为市长。
You must keep it a secret.你必须保守秘密。
【练习】
u 他的名字叫理查德, 但是我们都称他狄克。His name is Richard but we all call him Dick.
v 党使他成为一名优秀的共产主义战士。The party made him a fine communist fighter.
w 他当选为这次大会的主席。He was elected chairman of the conference.
x 我们将选他当学校足球队长。 We shall choose him our school football team leader.
J 【句型】SVOOc (2) 主语+及物动词 +名/代 +as +名词
N【用法】u在本句型中，宾语补足语有介词as，一般可变为被动语态。v用于本句型的动词有：regard, treat, take, use, describe, recognize, acknowledge, imagine, see, know, hire, set, choose, look down upon, think of, accept, accept, imagine, elect, consider, intend, report等。
è Joe is acknowledged as the best basketball player of the year. 乔被公认为是今年最佳篮球选手。
è We all know him as a peace fighter.
【练习】
u 我们都认为他是我们最好的朋友之一。We all think of him as one of our best friends.
v 我把他看作一个傻瓜。I regard him as a fool.
w 不要把这件事当作一个玩笑。Don’t treat the matter as a joke.
x 我以为他是个高大的人。I imagine him as a big tall man.
y 我被接收为俱乐部新成员。I was accepted as a new member of the club.
J 【句型】SVOOc (3) 主语+及物动词+ 名/代 + 形容词
N【用法】u在本句型中，形容词作宾语补足语，说明宾语所保持的状态或发生变化后的状态。 v如果宾语带附加成分或宾语部分过长，则可将宾语补足语放在宾语的前面。w用于本句型的及物动词有：bake, eat, lay, see, beat, fill, leave, set, boil, find, sleep, break, get, like, strike, burn. make, turn, have, paint, wash, drive, keep, push, wish, dye, let等。
è I found him ill in bed.
è The news made everyone of us very sad.
è I have my hands full. 我忙得不可开交。
【练习】
u 他把我的一位朋友打得青一块紫一块。He beat a friend of mine black and blue.
v 你必须在八点以前把会议的一切准备好。
You must get everything for the meeting ready before eight.
w 一颗子弹把他击毙了。 A bullet struck him dead.
x 他推开了那座房子的后门。He pushed open the back door of the house.
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
J 【句型】SVOOc (4) 主语+及物动词+ 名/代 + to be
N【用法】u在本句型中，“动词不定式to be +名词/形容词”用作宾语补足语，有时“to be”可以省略。 v用于本句型的及物动词有：acknowledge(承认), consider, find, prove, appoint(任命), declare, hold, report, imagine, see, believe, discover, know, suppose, choose, elect, observe, take, guess, think, feel等。
è I saw the plan to be all right.
è Will you take this man to be your husband?
è They all claimed it to be true.
【练习】
u 我们相信他是个忠诚老实的人。We believe him to be a royal and honest man.
v 我猜他超过八十岁了。I guess him to be over eighty.
w 他们自以为比别人聪明。They considered themselves to be cleverer than others.
x 他们发现中国人都很勤劳勇敢。They find the Chinese people to be brave and hard-working.
J 【句型】SVOOc (5) 主语+及物动词+ 名/代 + to do sth.
N【用法】在本句型中，动词不定式作宾语补足语。用于本句型的及物动词有：drive, invite, require, advise, know, aid, enable, lead, allow, encourage, leave, suffer, appoint, like, ask, love, suppose, mean, teach, beg, expect, need, tell, forbid, cause, force, order, train, get, permit, trouble, hate, persuade, trust, help, understand, command, prefer, press, want, warn, wish,
remind, intend, request等。
è The doctor told me to drink plenty of hot water.
è The teacher asked us to hand in our exercise books.
【练习】
u 老板强迫他们每天干活十四小时左右。The boss forced them to work about 14 hours a day.
v 老师要我们改正我们作文中的每一个错误。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
The teacher wants us to correct each and every mistake in our composition.
w 医生嘱咐我多加锻炼。The doctor advised me to take more exercise.
x 请允许我把我的朋友李先生介绍给你。Allow me to introduce to you my friend Mr. Li.
y 我必须警告你不要捉弄残疾孩子。
I must warn you not to play tricks on the disabled children.
J 【句型】SVOOc (5) 主语+及物动词+ 名/代 + do sth.
N【用法】在本句型中，省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语, 表示动作的全过程。但变为被动语态后要加上to。用于本句型的及物动词有：u 感官动词：listen (to), watch, feel, look (at), see, hear, notice, sense v make (迫使, 促使), let (让, 允许), help w have(使, 让, 叫)。
è I hear somebody make a telephone call in the next room
è I didn’t notice him go on the same bus.
【练习】
u我感到树枝碰着了我的脸。I felt the branch touch my face. (feel)
v 看着他，别让他逃掉了。Watch him. Don't let him escape. (let)
w 你可以牵马到河边，却不能逼它喝水。(make)
You may take a horse to the water, but you can’t make him drink.
x 我要他在公园门口等我。(have)
I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park.
J 【句型】SVOOc (6) 主语+及物动词+名/代+现在分词
N【用法】u在本句型中，现在分词作宾语补足语，表示正在进行的动作或反复进行的动作。 v用于本句型的动词有：feel, listen (to), observe, smell, look (at) see, watch, hear, notice, sense, keep, se, catch, find, leave, show, get, like, start, discover, imagine, send等。
è We found him lying dead on the floor. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
è We heard the bell striking 2 o’clock in the distance.
【练习】
u 我听着他在房间里和一个人低声谈话。
I listened to him talking to someone in a low voice in his room.
v 我们当场抓住他从柜台里偷手表。We caught him stealing a watch from the counter.
w 我不喜欢人背后议论人。I don’t like people taking behind one’s back.
x 我闻到厨房里有什么东西烧着了。I can smell something burning in the kitchen.
J 【句型】SVOOc (7) 主语+及物动词+名/代+过去分词
N【用法】u在本句型中，过去分词作宾语补足语。v用于本句型的及物动词有两类：① have, get (表示请/叫/让某人做某事，遭遇到某事，完成某事) ② hear, make, see, find, want, need (表示宾语是分词动作的承受者)等。
è I found him ill in bed.
è The news made everyone of us very sad.
è I have my hands full. 我忙得不可开交。
【练习】
u 今天下午我要去理发。(have)I’ll have my hair cut this afternoon.
v 我已经把我数学作业中的所有错误都改正了。(get)
I have got all the mistakes in my maths homework corrected.
w 请注意,在人群中你衣袋内的东西是很容易被人扒窃的。
Mind you. It's easy to have your pocket picked in a big crowd. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
x 他立刻把自己的意思讲明白了。He soon made himself understood.
y 我发现所有的瓶子都装满了矿泉水。I’ve found all the bottles filled up with mineral water.
六、形式主语和形式宾语结构
J 【句型1】It + be + adj./n. (for sb.)+ to do sth.
N【用法】u在本句型中，动词不定式作主语, 放在句尾。在主语的位置上用形式主语it。 v在动词不定式前可用否定副词not或never. w在不定式前用for介词短语，表示不定式的逻辑主语。
è It’s wonderful to sail sown that picturesque river.
è It’s a wonderful experience to have heard the lecture..
【练习】
u 当你学英语时，记忆大量的英语单词是很有必要的。
When you study English, it is necessary to remember a large number of English words.
v 他很容易就发起火来。It’s easy for him to lose temper.
w 一个初学者不可能把每一样东西都完全掌握好。
It’s impossible for a beginner to get everything perfectly right.
x 他这么快就离开这里真是遗憾。It’s a great pity for him to leave here so soon.
y 学生在目前这一阶段很难取得进步。
It’s for a student to make any progress at the present stage.
J 【句型2】It + be + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.
N【用法】u在本句型中，动词不定式作主语, 放在句尾。在主语的位置上用形式主语it。v在不定式前用of介词短语，表示不定式的逻辑主语。w所用的形容词都是用来描述人的品行或特点的形容词，如good, clever, kind, nice, foolish, silly, cruel, impolite, careless, stupid, right, unwise, wise, rude, wrong, naughty等。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
è It’s wonderful to sail sown that picturesque river.
è It’s a wonderful experience to have heard the lecture..
【练习】
u 你来看我，实在太好了。It’s very kind of you to come and see me.
v 我当众说那样的话实在是太蠢了。It’s very foolish of me to have said that in public.
w 他拒绝了你的好心的建议真是太粗暴了。It’s very rude of him to refuse your kind advice.
x 我们陷入情网，实在愚蠢。It’s silly of us to have fallen in love.
y 他很明智对那种事情不置可否。
It was very wise of him to make no comments on that sort of thing.
J 【句型3】It + be + n. + doing sth.
N【用法】u在本句型中，动名词作主语, 放在句尾。在主语的位置上用形式主语it。v 常用于本句型的名次有: no use, no good, no harm, no point, worthwhile, a great joy, a great pleasure等。
è It’s a great joy being the first to read your article.
è It’s no harm having a smoke occasionally.
【练习】
u 劝他不要再吸烟是没有用的。 It’s no use trying to persuade him not to smoke any more.
v在阳光下看书没有好处。It’s no good reading in the sun.
w偶尔迟睡并无害处。It’s no harm staying up late occasionally.
x修理那辆旧汽车没有意义。It’s no point repairing that old car.
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
J 【句型4】It + be + adj. /n.+ that-clause
N【用法】u在本句型中，that引导的从句作主语。这种从句用作主语时，经常放在句尾，而在主语的位置上用形式主语it。v 用于该句型的形容词有：clear, possible, impossible, necessary, strange, likely, certain, disappointing, encouraging, surprising等；名词有：a great pity, a shame, a wonder, no wonder, out of question等。
è It’s impossible that she should have done such a silly thing.
è It’s a wonder that he survived the aircrash.
【练习】
u 他很可能已经知道这个消息了。It’s likely that he has known about the news.
v 日本队如此轻易获胜，真出乎意料。
It’s surprising that the Japanese team won the match so easily.
w 我们每能提前完成任务，真感到惭愧。
It’s a shame that we failed to fulfill the task ahead of time.
x 他将考上大学，这是毫无疑问的。
It’s out of question that he will be admitted into the university.
J 【句型5】It + be + adj. /n.+ wh--clause
N【用法】u在本句型中，疑问词引导的从句作主语。这种从句用作主语时，经常放在句尾，而在主语的位置上用形式主语it。v 用于该句型的形容词或名词有：clear, obvious, doubtful, a question, a problem, a mystery等。
è It’s quite clear who is to blame for the accident.
è It’s doubtful whether he can pass the examination.
【练习】
u还不清楚谁被当选为大会主席。
It’s not clear yet who will be chosen as Chairman of the meeting.
v 他是如何死亡的，这仍然是个谜。 It’s still a mystery how he lost his life.
w 他有没有抢银行的钱是有疑问的。
It’s a question whether he robbed the bank of the money. .
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
J 【句型6】It + be +done+ that-clause
N【用法】u在本句型中，连词that引导的从句作主语。同时主句中谓语动词为被动语态。v 本句型常用于新闻报道一类的文体中。u用于该句型的过去分词有：said, reported, believed, announced, expected, declared, hoped, advised, thought, known, suggested等。
è It’s believed that the plane has landed safely.
è It’s reported that a heavy fight took place on the borders
【练习】
u众所周知, 中华民族是伟大、勤劳的民族。
It is well known that the Chinese people is a great and hardworking people.
v有人建议每个学生都用英语唱一首歌。
It is suggested that each student should sing a song in English.
w据报道，全世界每年仍有数百万人在挨饿。
It is reported that millions of people all over the world still suffer from hunger every year．
x据说星期二他要去北京。
It is said that he will leave for Beijing on Tuesday．
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
J 【句型7】主语 + vt. + it +adj./n. + (for sb.) to do sth.
N【用法】u在本句型中，动词不定式作宾语, 而在宾语后还有宾语补足语，这时必须将动词不定式放在句尾，而在宾语的位置上用形式宾语it。v用于该句型的及物动词有：find, consider, think, believe, feel, take等。
è It’s believed that the plane has landed safely.
è It’s reported that a heavy fight took place on the borders
【练习】
u 我们认为深入调查这个案子是十分必要的。
We consider it quite necessary to look into the case.
v 百年以前人们觉得人不可能飞入太空。
People felt it impossible for man to fly into the outer space about a hundred years ago.
w 我不认为他选择这样难的学科是明智的。
I don’t think it wise for him to choose such a difficult subject.
J 【句型8】主语 + vt. + it +adj./n. + that-clause.
N【用法】u在本句型中，that从句作宾语，而在宾语后还有宾语补足语，这时必须将宾语从句放在句尾，而在宾语的位置上用形式宾语it。v用于该句型的及物动词有：find, consider, think, believe, feel, take, make等。
è I think it a shame that I made such a foolish mistake.
è All this made it possible that he succeeded in carrying out the experiment
【练习】
u 我认为他每天晚上都出去散步是很奇怪的。
I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night.
v 我们都认为他这样快就离开了是个遗憾。
We all thought it a pity that he should have left so soon
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